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新人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1-2知识清单
重 点 单 词 Unit 1 1. vital adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的 2. defeat n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜 3. evaluate vt. 评价; 评估 4. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 5. encounter vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇 6. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行 7. extraordinary adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的 8. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 9. infer vt. 推断; 推定 10. circumstance n. 条件; 环境; 状况 Unit 2 1. persuade vt. 劝说; 说服 2. distant adj. 遥远的; 远处的; 疏远的; 心不在焉的 3. efficient adj. 效率高的; 有功效的 4. preference n. 爱好; 偏爱 5. instant n. 瞬间; 片刻 adj. 立即的; 速食的; 速溶的 6. available adj. 可获得的; 可购得的; (人)有空的 7. combine vt. &vi. (使)结合; 混合 8. occupation n. 职业; 占领 9. oppose vt. 反对; 抵制; 阻挠 10. absence n. 不存在; 缺乏; 缺席
词 汇 拓 展 Unit 1 1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→distinction n. 差别 2. novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家 3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →commitment n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉 4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→conclusion n. 结论; 推论 5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然 6. science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家→scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academic adj. 学业的; 学术的 8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→objective n. 目标; 目的 adj. 客观的 9. botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的 10. politic n. 政治学→politician n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客 Unit 2 1. secure adj. 安全的; 安心的; 可靠的; 牢固的→security n. 保护措施; 安全工作 2. remote adj. 远程的; 偏远的→remotely adv. 远程地 3. warn v. 警告→warning n. 警告; 警示; 先兆 4. constant adj. 不断的; 重复的; 不变的→constantly adv. 不断地 5. normal adj. 正常的→abnormal adj. 不正常的; 反常的 6. criticize vt. 批评; 批判→ critical adj. 严重的; 关键的; 批判性的 7. potential adj. 可能的; 潜在的n. 潜力; 可能性→potentially adv. 潜在地; 可能地 8. relevant adj. 有关的; 有意义的→irrelevant adj. 不相干的; 不切题的 9. innovate v. 革新→innovation n. 创新; 创造 10. predict vt. 预测; 预言; 预料→prediction n. 预测; 预言
重 点 短 语 Unit 1 1. with the objective of (doing) 以(做)……为目的 2. insist on 坚决要求 3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗 4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台 5. take up a position 担任; 任职 6. sum up 总结; 概括 7. get stuck 进入僵局; 被卡住 8. by chance 偶然; 意外地 9. lead to 导致, 通向 10. stand up to经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对 Unit 2 1. switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等) 2. remote control 遥控器; 遥控 3. air conditioner 空调机; 空调设备 4. daily routine 日常生活 5. early on 在初期; 早先 6. catch fire 着火 7. in this sense 从这种意义上来讲 8. keep in touch (with. . . ) (与……)保持联系; 了解(某课题或领域的情况) 9. look into the future 展望未来 10. pros and cons 正反两方面
重 点 句 型 1. 句型公式: 关系副词引导非限制性定语从句 In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common (在那里疟疾较为普遍), to study malaria patients. 2. 句型公式: 关系代词引导非限制性定语从句 Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered(大部分受试患者都康复了). 3. 句型公式: 动名词与动词不定式作动词宾语的区别 They then tried boiling fresh wormwood (试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸), and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 4. 句型公式: upon/on doing sth. 当……时 Upon/On hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. ” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时, 她说: “荣誉不只是属于我自己的。” 5. 句型公式: 将来进行时 However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes(将生活在智能住宅中) that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. 6. 句型公式: the instant (that)一……就…… Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door(你一进家门) along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. 7. 句型公式: 疑问词+动词不定式 It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better(如何睡得更好). 8. 句型公式: on the one hand一方面 On the one hand(一方面), there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.
请根据所学课文，用课文原词填空。
With technologies first 1 and developed for space exploration, we can solve some of the big problems 2 mankind, 3 ourselves safer and easier. One of these is earthquake shock absorbers. Some technologies need further research to 4 solve real-life problems.
Although space exploration 5 huge investment, the space industry can actually bring great 6 value. It has been calculated 7 the global space economy is increasing 8 billions of dollars every year. At the same time, space exploration can provide a 9 of career opportunities for young people. Jobs in the space industry go far 10 the astronauts that receive widespread media coverage. There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants.
【答案】
1．researched 2．facing 3．making 4．better 5．demands 6．economic 7．that 8．by 9．variety 10．beyond
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的重要性。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：依靠为太空探索首次而研究和开发的技术，我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题，使我们自己变得更加安全、更加轻松。此处表示“研究”为动词research作宾语补足语，和technologies是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语，故填researched。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：依靠为太空探索首次而研究和开发的技术，我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题，使我们自己变得更加安全、更加轻松。此处表示“面对”，为动词face，是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰problems，二者之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填facing。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：依靠为太空探索首次而研究和开发的技术，我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题，使我们自己变得更加安全、更加轻松。此处表示“使，让”，应用动词make，是非谓语动词作状语，和前面的句子是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填making。
4．考查副词。句意：有些技术需要进一步研究才能更好地解决实际问题。此处表示“更好地”，为副词better作状语，修饰动词solve，故填better。
5．考查动词。句意：尽管太空探索需要巨额投资，但航天产业实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。此处表示“需要”，为动词demand作谓语，句中描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是space exploration，谓语动词应用三单形式，故填demands。
6．考查形容词。句意：尽管太空探索需要巨额投资，但航天产业实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。此处表示“经济的”，应用形容词economic作定语，修饰名词value，故填economic。
7．考查主语从句。句意：据估计，全球太空经济每年增长数十亿美元。空处引导主语从句，it是形式主语，从句句意完整且不缺少任何成分，应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导，故填that。
8．考查固定搭配。句意：据估计，全球太空经济每年增长数十亿美元。increase by固定搭配，意为“增长了”，故填by。
9．考查名词。句意：同时，太空探索可以为年轻人提供多种职业机会。此处表示“多种的”，为固定搭配a variety of，故填variety。
10．考查介词。句意：航天工业中的就业机会远不止受到媒体广泛报道的宇航员。此处表示“远远超过”为固定搭配go far beyond，故填beyond。
知识点
commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证；花(钱或时间)
vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺)
commit murder/a crime/a mistake犯凶杀罪/犯罪/犯错 commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) be committed to (doing) sth./commit oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事 make a commitment to (doing) sth.保证/承诺(做)某事
(1)This requires (commit)to a particular occupation，branch of study or research.
(2)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。
I strongly suggest ，which will gradually improve your spoken English.
(3)我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，满脸窘得通红。(读后续写之尴尬心理描写)
I ，my face red with embarrassment.
(4)他渴望被这所著名的研究院录取，因此，他每天都致力于学习。
He desires to be admitted to the famous academy and as a consequence， .
答案：（1）commitment （2）that you (should) commit one hour to reading/read English every day （3）I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people （4）he is committed to studying hard on a daily basis.
【高考真题链接】
2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷（填空题）：
Students should commit themselves to _______ (master) basic skills rather than pursuing difficult knowledge blindly.
答案：mastering
解析：本题考查commit oneself to (doing) sth. 固定搭配，to为介词，后接动名词形式，故填mastering，句意“学生应致力于掌握基础知识，而非盲目追求难题”。）
acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
acknowledge sb./sth.as/to be...认为某人/物是……；承认某人/物是…… acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事 acknowledge that...承认…… It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
(1)Tom acknowledged (defeat) in the English speech competition，which made us quite depressed.
(2) Professor Yang Zhenning （acknowledge） one of the world’s greatest physicists.
(3)我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。
I ，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.
(4)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，并且充满激情。
It that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.
答案：
（1） being defeated/having been defeated （2） is acknowledged as （3） I acknowledge my English teacher （4）It is universally/widely acknowledged
【高考真题链接】
2023·浙江卷（选择题）：
The scientist finally acknowledged _______ his earlier theory had some flaws after new evidence appeared.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
答案：A
解析：本题考查acknowledge后接宾语从句的用法，从句“his earlier theory had some flaws”句意完整、成分齐全，需用that引导，that可省略，故选A，句意“新证据出现后，这位科学家最终承认他之前的理论存在一些缺陷”。
insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
insist on (doing) sth.坚决要求/坚持(做)某事 insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，根据需要选择各种时态。
The officer insisted that he （fine）for breaking rules.
She insisted that she （see） the suspect before.．
(2)只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体我们才能保持身心健康。
We can keep physically and mentally healthy only when .(insist on)
(3)My mother insists that I _______ (go) to bed before 11 o’clock every night.
答案：
（1） (should) be fined ； had seen
（2）we insist on working out regularly；
（3）(should) go
【高考真题链接】
2025·北京卷模拟（选择题）：
He insisted on _______ the truth, even though no one believed him at first.
A.tell B. telling C. to tell D. told
答案：B
解析：本题考查insist on (doing) sth. 固定搭配，on为介词，后接动名词，故选B，句意“尽管起初没人相信他，他仍坚持说出真相”。
conclusion n．结论；推论(conclude vt.断定；推断出)
in conclusion最后；总之 come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论 conclude...with sth./by doing sth.以……结束 conclude from...从……中得出结论
(1)The famous novelist （conclude） his speech a distinguished saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
(2)总之，你的切实可行的建议一定可以使我们关于中国传统文化的主题班会吸引更多的外国人。
(conclude) ,your practical suggestions are bound to make our theme class meeting about traditional Chinese cultures appeal to more foreigners.
(3)我从自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。”
①I ，“No pains，no gains.”(conclude)
②I ，“No pains，no gains.”(conclusion)
答案：（1）concluded with (2)In conclusion (3)concluded from my own experience;
came to/reached/arrived at/drew a conclusion from my own experience
【高考真题链接】
（模拟题）After careful discussion, the committee finally _______ a conclusion that the project should be carried out.
drew B. made C. did D. took
答案：A
解析：“得出结论”的固定搭配为draw/reach/come to a conclusion，故选A。
2023·全国乙卷（翻译题）：
总之，你的建议对我们的校园活动非常有价值。
答案：In conclusion, your suggestions are of great value to our campus activities.
解析：考查固定短语in conclusion及“be of great value”表“非常有价值”的用法，符合书面表达规范。
circumstance n．(usually pl.)条件；环境；状况
under/in no circumstances无论如何不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许的话 under/in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此
(1)我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标，因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。
U the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，i ，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
(2)即使在这种情况下，他仍然不遗余力地提高自己。
E ，he still spared no effort to improve himself.
答案：
（1）Under/In no circumstances will I give up； if circumstances permit/allow
（2）Even under/in the circumstances
【高考真题链接】
2024·江苏卷（选择题）：
_______ the circumstances, it’s better to postpone the meeting to next week.
On B. Under C. In D. For
答案：B
解析：本题考查固定搭配under the circumstances，意为“在这种情况下”，为固定用法，故选B。
take up a position担任；任职
take up拿起；占据；开始从事；接受 take off脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；休假 take in吸收；理解；收留；欺骗 take over接管；接任 take on呈现；雇用；承担 take down写下；记下；拆除 take apart拆开；拆卸
用take的相关短语填空
(1)With the remarkable development of science and technology，our country has taken a new look.
(2)I acknowledged that I hardly took what the teacher said in class，which made me in low spirits.
(3)Tom，a person with passion，will take his position as chairman of the Student Association at the end of next month.
(4)The smart professor had no difficulty taking the fridge and repaired it successfully.
(5) Apparently，when the delayed flight will take depends much on the weather.
(6)We students insist on taking the key points at class and sum them up after class.
答案：（1）on （2） in （3） up （4）apart （5）off
down
【高考真题链接】
2025·全国Ⅰ卷模拟（选择题）：
When I first met him, he was about to _______ a position as a manager in the company.
take up B. take on C. take over D. take in
答案：A
解析：考查take短语辨析，take up a position为固定搭配，意为“担任某职位”；take on“承担”、take over“接管”、take in“理解”均不符合句意，故选A。
upon/on doing 结构； Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.” 获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。”
upon/on doing (that) ...一……就……，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。 表示“一……就……”的其他形式：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。
(1)一听说伯纳德陷入困难，约翰立即致力于通过做爆米花帮助他。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
U ，John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.(Upon/On doing...)
(2)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。
①A ，I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
②T ，I sighed in relief.(the instant)
③I ，I sighed in relief.(immediately)
答案：（1）Upon/On learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty
（2）As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin；
The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin；
Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（翻译题）：
一听到这个好消息，整个班级都欢呼起来。
答案：Upon hearing the good news, the whole class cheered up.
解析：考查upon doing结构，“欢呼起来”译为cheer up，符合“一……就……”的动作衔接。
2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷（填空题）：
_______ (see) the teacher coming, the students stopped talking at once.
答案：On seeing/Upon seeing
解析：本题考查on/upon doing结构，表“一看到……就……”，句首首字母大写，故填On seeing或Upon seeing。
It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
it作形式主语的常用句式： It be＋an honour＋for sb.to do sth./It be one’s honour＋to do sth. It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句 It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句 It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句 It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句
(1)很荣幸能发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
It share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.
(2)据说将展览中国专家的许多剪纸作品。
It throughout China will be on show.
(3) Apparently，we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.
→It we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.(it作形式主语)
(4)这些国家公园已经得到旅游公司的财政支持，这是事实。
It have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
答案：（1） It is a great honour to deliver a speech to
（2）It is said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts
（3）It is apparent that
（4）It is a fact that these national parks
【高考真题链接】
2024·山东卷（选择题）：
_______ is obvious that regular exercise is beneficial to health.
This B. That C. It D. There
答案：C
解析：本题考查it作形式主语的固定句式It is obvious that...，真正主语为that从句，故选C。
9. persuade vt.劝说；说服(persuasive adj.有说服力的 persuasion n．说服)
persuade sb.to do sth.＝persuade sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事 persuade sb.not to do sth.＝persuade sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 try to persuade sb.to do sth.＝advise sb.to do sth.试图说服某人做某事(未必成功)
(1)You must possess powers.After your persuasion，my stubborn son agreed to cease carrying out his former plan.(persuade)
(2)我成功地说服他同意我挨家挨户卖爆米花的计划。
①I managed to to sell popcorn from door to door.(persuade sb.to do sth.)
②I managed to to sell popcorn from door to door.(persuade sb.into doing sth.)
(3)我试图说服他不要和这个坏家伙联系，但是白费功夫。
①I ，but in vain.(persuade)
②I ，but in vain.(advise)
答案：（1）persuasive
（2）persuade him to approve of my plan；persuade him into approving of my plan
（3）tried to persuade him not to keep in touch with that bad guy；advised him not to keep in touch with that bad guy
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（填空题）：
He finally persuaded his parents _______ (let) him study abroad.
答案：to let
解析：考查persuade sb. to do sth. 固定搭配，意为“说服某人做某事”，故填to let。
2025·湖北卷模拟（选择题）：
We _______ him into giving up smoking, and now he is much healthier.
advised B. tried to persuade C. persuaded D. suggested
答案：C
解析：由“now he is much healthier”可知说服成功，persuade强调“说服成功”，try to persuade表“试图说服”，advise“建议”不表结果，故选C。
10. instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的(instantly＝immediately adv.立刻，马上)
the instant/instantly＋从句 一……就…… instant coffee/noodles速溶咖啡/方便面 表示“一……就……”的其他表达方式：on/upon (doing) sth.，as soon as＋从句，the moment/minute＋从句，immediately/instantly/directly＋从句，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...等。
(1)I detected two obvious mistakes (instant) I saw the article.
(2)一看到可怕的熊在咬我们的金属丝栅栏，我就屏住呼吸，一动也不敢动。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
①The our wire fence，I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(the instant)
②On/Upon our wire fence，I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(On/Upon doing...)
③Hardly our wire fence when I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(hardly...when...)
答案：（1） instantly
（2）instant I saw a frightening bear biting；seeing a frightening bear biting；had I seen a frightening bear biting
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（填空题）：
Hardly _______ (I) had I entered the room when the phone rang.
答案：had I
解析：hardly...when...结构中，hardly置于句首需部分倒装，将助动词had提前，故填had I。
2023·浙江卷（选择题）：
_______ I finished my homework, I helped my mom with housework.
The instant B. As long as C. Even if D. So that
答案：A
解析：考查“一……就……”的表达，the instant引导时间状语从句，符合句意；as long as“只要”、even if“即使”、so that“以便”均不符合，故选A。
11. command v．命令；控制 n．指令；命令；掌握；控制
command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 command that...(should) do...命令…… at one’s command听某人支配 have a good command of/have a good knowledge of/master...掌握……；精通……
(1)I’m your command and hence，I will obey your orders.
(2)My teacher commanded me (hand) in my essay instantly.
→My teacher commanded that I (hand) in my essay instantly.
(3)我写信申请成为您的助教，因为我不仅精通英语，而且善于和其他人交流。(应用文写作之申请信)
I am writing to apply to be your teaching assistant，because not only but also I am good at communicating with others.
答案：（1）at （2)to hand；(should) hand
（3）do I have a good command of English
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（翻译题）：
他精通法语，所以被选为代表团成员。
答案：He has a good command of French, so he was chosen as a member of the delegation.
解析：考查have a good command of固定搭配，“代表团”译为delegation，符合逻辑。
2024·全国乙卷（填空题）：
The teacher commanded that all students _______ (hand) in their papers before leaving.
答案：(should) hand
解析：command后接从句用虚拟语气，should可省略，故填(should) hand。
12. warning n．警告；警示(warn v．提醒注意；劝告；警告；告诫)
without warning不预先通知；突然地 warn sb.(not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事 warn sb.of/about sth.提醒/警告某人注意某事 warn sb.against doing sth.警告某人不要做某事
(1)The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early (warn) signals that we really have changed our planet.
(2)In our daily routine our head teacher often warns us the possible problems we might run into.
(3)老师警告我们不要把手机带进考场。
①The teacher mobile phones into the examination room.
②The teacher mobile phones into the examination room.
答案：（1）warning （2）of/about （3）warned us not to carry；warned us against carrying
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题（选择题）：
My parents often warn me _______ swimming in the deep river. A. of B. against C. for D. with 答案：B
解析：考查warn sb. against doing sth. 固定搭配，意为“警告某人不要做某事”，故选B。
2025·四川卷模拟（填空题）：
Without any _______ (warn), the storm hit the city suddenly.
答案：warning
解析：此处需填名词作介词without的宾语，warn的名词形式为warning，意为“警告”。
13. oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠(opposed adj.反对的；对立的 opposition n．反对)
oppose (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 oppose sb./sb.’s doing sth.反对某人做某事 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事
(1)Regardless of my father’s (oppose)，I still purchase many luxuries.
(2)Hence，many educators are strongly opposed to (protect)children too much in our daily routine.
(3)Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)
→With ，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(用with复合结构改写)
→All ，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(用独立主格结构改写)
答案：（1） opposition （2） protecting （3）With all of my friends opposed to my plan；All of my friends opposed to my plan
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（翻译题）：
大多数家长反对孩子过度使用电子产品。
答案：Most parents are opposed to children using electronic products excessively.
解析：考查be opposed to (doing) sth. 结构，“过度地”译为excessively，符合语境。
2023·北京卷（选择题）：
The experts oppose _______ the old building because of its historical value.
pull down B. pulling down C. to pull down D. pulled down
答案：B
解析：考查oppose doing sth. 固定搭配，oppose后接动名词作宾语，pull down“拆除”，故选B。
14. absence n．[C]& [U]缺席；不在(某处)；[U]缺乏(absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的)
in the absence of不在；缺少 in one’s absence某人不在时 absence of mind心不在焉 be absent from不参加；缺席 absent-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的
the absence of teachers’ instruction，I don’t know how to combine what I’ve learnt with practice.
(2)我写信向您道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I’m your birthday party last weekend.
(3)这就是我的妈妈，有时心不在焉、健忘，然而总是充满爱心。
Such is my mother，who ，yet always loving.
答案：（1） In （2） I’m writing to apologize to you for being absent from
（3）is sometimes absent-minded，forgetful，
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题（填空题）：
His _______ (absent) from school without reason made the teacher angry. 答案：absence
解析：此处需填名词作主语，absent的名词形式为absence，意为“缺席”。
2025·全国Ⅱ卷模拟（选择题）：
_______ the manager’s absence, Mr. Li is in charge of the company.
In B. On C. At D. For
答案：A
解析：考查固定短语in one’s absence，意为“某人不在时”，为固定用法，故选A。
15. in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
make sense of弄懂……的意思；理解 make no sense没道理；没意义 in a sense从某种意义上说 in no sense决不(位于句首时要用部分倒装结构) common sense常识 a sense of belonging/humour/direction/duty归属感/幽默感/方向感/责任感 There’s no/little sense (in) doing sth.做某事没道理/没意义。
(1)我写信请求您推荐一些我能够容易理解的英文名著。(应用文写作之求助信)
I’m writing to request you to recommend some English classics .
(2)以“自律”为主题的调查使我们意识到没有自律，在线学习就没有意义。
The research themed at“Self-discipline” made us realize that .
(3)We should in no sense give up our dreams even if we face many difficulties.
→In .(用倒装句改写)
答案：（1）that I can easily make sense of.
there was no sense in studying online without self-discipline.
In no sense should we give up our dreams even if we face many difficulties.
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题（选择题）：
It _______ no sense to buy expensive clothes if you don’t wear them often.
does B. makes C. takes D. gives
答案：B
解析：考查make no sense固定搭配，意为“没道理；没意义”，故选B。
2024·浙江卷（填空题）：
She has a strong _______ (sense) of responsibility, which makes her popular among colleagues. 答案：sense
解析：考查a sense of responsibility固定搭配，意为“责任感”，故填sense。
16. keep in touch (with)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)
stay in touch (with)(与……)保持联系 be in touch (with)(与……)有联系 be out of touch (with)(与……)失去联系 以上三个短语表状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 get in touch (with)(与……)取得联系 lose touch (with)(与……)失去联系 以上两个短语表示动作，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
自从我们十年前取得联系，我们已经保持联系十年了。我的确相信我们再也不会失去联系了。
We each other for ten years since we ten years ago.I do believe that we will never each other.
答案： have stayed in touch with/have kept in touch with/have been in touch with；got in touch；lose touch with
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（翻译题）：
无论我们相距多远，都要保持联系。
答案：No matter how far apart we are, we should keep in touch.
解析：考查keep in touch固定短语及no matter how引导的让步状语从句，“相距远”译为be far apart。
2025·广东卷模拟（选择题）：
After graduation, I tried to _______ in touch with my classmates, but some of them moved abroad. A. stay B. get C. lose D. break
答案：A
解析：由“after graduation”可知是“保持联系”，stay in touch with为固定搭配；get in touch with“取得联系”表动作，此处表状态，故选A。
17. It will take+时间段+before...
Nevertheless，it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而，要让大多数新住宅开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
It will take＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)“在……之前要花一段时间” It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)“要过一段时间才……” It wasn’t long＋before从句(一般过去时)“没过多久就……” It won’t be long＋before从句(一般现在时)“过不了多久就会……”
(1)十天后我要参加期末考试了。
It I take the end-of-term examination.
(2)没过多久简就意识到她在陌生的森林里迷路了，这使她如坐针毡。但是她不断地安慰自己，“用不了多久，我的丈夫就会找到我”。(读后续写片段)
It ，which made her feel like sitting on pins and needles.But she constantly comforted herself，“It .”
答案：（1)It will be ten days before
It wasn’t long before Jane sensed that she got lost in the unfamiliar forest;
It won’t be long before my husband finds me.
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（填空题）：
It _______ (not be) long before we meet again.
答案：won’t be
解析：考查It won’t be long before...句式，意为“过不了多久就……”，故填won’t be。
2023·全国甲卷（翻译题）：
要过大约三个月我们才能完成这项任务。
答案：It will take about three months before we can finish this task.
解析：考查It will take+时间段+before...句式，“完成任务”译为finish this task，符合题意。
18. as引导原因状语从句
It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier，as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.它还使人们在生活中更加容易找到机会，因为它让人们能够通过社交媒体建立更大的朋友圈。
as作连词，可引导以下几种状语从句： as引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”。 as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；随着”。 as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……；照着……”。 as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”， 需将后面的表语、状语提到前面构成倒装句，即把句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词或实义动词提前。 as引导定语从句，意为“正如；正像”。
(1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
①As time went by，the librarian grew increasingly interested in her occupation.随着
②Just as an old saying goes，do in Rome as the Romans do.正如
③Child as he is，he has a good command of English.尽管
④I oppose you continuing with the training，as you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.因为
(2)随着公共汽车逐渐靠近城镇，汤姆浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
As the bus got closer and closer to the town，Tom shook all over，feeling like sitting on pins and needles.
(3)尽管我们又累又饿，但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
Exhausted and hungry as we were，we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题（选择题）：
_______ he is young, he has a lot of working experience.
Because B. As C. Although D. When
答案：B
解析：as此处引导让步状语从句，需倒装（表语提前），句意为“尽管他年轻，但他有很多工作经验”；although引导让步状语从句不倒装，故选B。
2025·浙江卷模拟（填空题）：
_______ (time) as time went by, I gradually understood my parents’ love.
答案：As
解析：考查as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着时间的推移”，句首首字母大写，故填As。
语法点
Grammar 定语从句
一、定语从句的种类
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
[观察例句]
This is the computer (that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.
这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。
I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.
我会带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。
He is English, which I know from his accent.
他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。
This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
[归纳用法]
①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有where, when, why。
②非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。
[即学即练1]——用适当的关系词填空
①Holly， is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese.
②The dictionary， our teacher bought yesterday, is helpful to us.
③I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
④Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
⑤Davis wanted to visit the farm the seawater rice was grown.
【答案】1.who 2.which 3.when 4.which 5.where
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1．形式不同
[观察例句]
Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.
这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)
The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion.
这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)
[归纳用法]
限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。
2．先行词不同
[观察例句]
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)
The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.
那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容)
[归纳用法]
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。
3．关系词的使用情况不同
(1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
[观察例句]
Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him.
大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他失望。
I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.
我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。
[归纳用法]
指物时要用which代替that, for which代替why。
(2)关系代词替代情况不同
[观察例句]
This is the man (whom/who/that)we are talking about.
这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.
这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)
She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher.
她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。
[归纳用法]
①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。
(3)关系代词省略情况不同
[观察例句]
This is a good film (which/that)I saw a few days ago.
这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)
The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near.
我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)
[归纳用法]
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
[即学即练2]——用适当的关系词填空
①Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
②The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018.
③Can you tell me the reason he was absent yesterday
④We have a buyer would like to view the house.
⑤He was a personal friend I've known for many years.
【答案】1.which 2.which/that3.why 4.who 5.whom
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
[观察例句]
As we all know, Lu Xun is a great writer.
众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。
He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
他实验失败了，这是没有预料到的。
He is a cheat, as everyone can see.
每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。
He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected.
正如期望的那样，他实验做成功了。
As we all know, paper was invented in China.
正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。
[归纳用法]
①as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。
②as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
③as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。
[即学即练3]——用适当的关系词填空
①The weather turned out to be very fine， was more than we could expect.
② has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.
③He failed in the driving test, we had expected.
【答案】1.which 2.As 3.as
一.单句语法填空
1．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.
2．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in she distributed it to the children.
3．I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
4．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
5．Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust.
6．Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
7．The sun heats the earth, makes it possible for plants to grow.
8．Then he met Mary, invited him to a party.
9．There was a net bar around here, I remember.
10．He changed his mind again, made us all angry.
【答案】1.which 2.which 3.whose 4.when 5.that 6.who 7.which 8.who 9.as 10.which
二、分级练习题（基础→提升）
基础题：关系词填空
1. The girl ______ won the speech contest is my deskmate.
2. This is the village ______ I spent my childhood.
3. The book, ______ cover is blue, belongs to my teacher.
4. We will never forget the day ______ the People's Republic of China was founded.
5. He passed the exam, ______ surprised all of us.
答案：1.who 2.where 3.whose 4.when 5.which
提升题：语法纠错与改写
纠错：The man that you talked to him is our headmaster.
改：The man that you talked to is our headmaster.
解析：关系代词that已作宾语，多余him删除
改写：She has a son. He is studying in Peking University.
用非限制性定语从句合并：She has a son, who is studying in Peking University.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023年新课标I卷 语法填空
The study, ______ was published in the Journal of Applied Ecology, found that the average number of birds was 35% higher in areas with green roofs.
答案：which
解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词为study，指物，用which引导）
2. 2024年新高考II卷 语法填空
My grandmother often tells me stories about her childhood, ______ she experienced a lot of hardships but also gained precious courage.
答案：when
解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词为childhood，表时间，用when引导
3. 2025年模拟预测题（贴近考纲）
As is reported in the news, the medical team ______ members are from different provinces has arrived at the disaster area.
答案：whose
解析：先行词为medical team，与members构成所属关系，用whose引导
Grammar 将来进行时
一、定义
将来进行时表示最近或较远的将来正在进行的动作或说话人已经计划或安排好的事情。
二、构成
[观察例句]
We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes.
我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。
Anyhow, you won't be playing for the next few Saturdays.
无论如何，后几个星期六你不许再玩了。
—Will you be remaining in the city
—Yes, I shall be (remaining in the city).
——你将来会留在这个城市吗？
——是。
—What time will she be arriving
—She will be arriving at about 8：30 tomorrow morning.
——她什么时候到达？
——她大概明天上午8点半到达。
[归纳用法]
1．肯定句：主语 ＋ shall/will ＋ be ＋ 现在分词．..
2．否定句：主语 ＋ shall/will ＋ not ＋ be ＋ 现在分词．..
3．疑问句：Shall/Will ＋ 主语 ＋ be ＋ 现在分词．..
4．疑问代词/疑问副词 ＋ shall/will ＋ 主语 ＋ be ＋ 现在分词．..
[名师点津]
shall用于第一人称，will用于第一、二、三人称。
[即学即练1]——完成句子
①今晚我将在办公室里待到比较晚。
I late at the office this evening.
②——他们会顺着这条路来吗？
——不，他们不会从这条路来。
— this way
—No, they (coming this way).
③明天早上十点他会在干嘛？
at 10：00 tomorrow
【答案】1.will be staying 2.Will they be coming3.won't be
三、将来进行时的主要用法
[观察例句]
A space vehicle will be circling Jupiter in five years' time.
航天器5年后将绕木星飞行。
When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television.
当我到家时，我太太可能正在看电视。
I'll be taking my holidays soon.
不久我将要度假了。
We shall be going to London next week.
下周我们要去伦敦。
Will you be having some tea 喝点茶吧。
Will you be needing anything else 你还需要什么吗？
[归纳用法]
1．将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
2．将来进行时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
3．将来进行时表示委婉语气。
[即学即练2]—— 完成句子
①五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃晚饭。
Don't phone me between 5 and 6.We dinner then.
②我下个星期来看你。
I you next week.
③克雷格教授明晚做关于伊特拉斯坎陶器的讲演。
Professor Craig a lecture on Etruscan pottery tomorrow evening.
【答案】1.will be having2.will be seeing 3.will be giving
四、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别
1．一般将来时是指将来某个时间将要发生的动作和状态，基本结构是：主语＋will＋do.
I will go to Beijing next Sunday.
我下个星期天将要去北京。
What will you do tomorrow 你明天干什么？
将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。基本结构是：主语 ＋ will be ＋ doing
What will you be doing this time tomorrow
明天这个时候你会在做什么呢？
2. 两者均可表示将来，但用将来进行时语气更委婉
比较：
When will you finish these letters
你什么时候处理完这些信件？(直接询问，如上司对下属)
When will you be seeing Mr.White
你什么时候见怀特先生？(委婉地询问，如下属对上司)
When will you pay back the money
你什么时候还钱？(直接讨债)
When will you be paying back the money
这钱你什么时候还呢？(委婉地商量)
3. 有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况
Mary won't pay this bill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)
Mary won't be paying this bill.不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)
[即学即练3]——完成句子
①十二点的时候我将在睡觉。
I at 12：00.
②20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。
I in university at the age of 20.
③如果看到有人遇到危险，他会怎么做？
if he sees somebody in danger
【答案】1.will be sleeping 2.will be studying3.What will he do
一.单句语法填空
1．He (lie)on one of the sunny beaches in Hawaii all day when he spends his holiday there.
2. Don't call me between 2：00 and 4：00 this afternoon.I (have)an test then.
3. Nobody knew what (happen)to the Earth in a century's time.
4. Mr.Lee said he would give the CD to me as soon as he (return)from Canada.
5. When we were young, father (take)us for a special treat on Mother's day.
6．—Did you invite Sarah to your birthday party
—Sorry, I forget.I (call)her now.
7．You can't miss him.He (wear)a dark green suit and a yellow tie waiting for you.
8. I (tell)you about my plan, but you stopped me before I could speak.
9. Will you (use)your computer this time tomorrow
10. I (close)the kitchen door when a little mouse popped its head out.
【答案】1.will be lying 2.will/ shall be having3.would happen4.returned 5.would take6.will call7. will be wearing8.was about to tell9.be using 10.was about to close
二、分级练习题（基础→提升）
基础题：用将来进行时完成句子
1. This time next year, I ______ (study) in a university abroad.
2. —______ (you / attend) the meeting this afternoon —Yes, I will.
3. Don't call him at 9 o'clock. He ______ (have) a meeting then.
答案：1.will be studying 2.Will you be attending 3.will be having
提升题：选择合适的时态填空
I ______ (finish) the report by tomorrow evening.
答案：will have finished
解析：by+将来时间，用将来完成时；若强调“明天晚上此时正在完成”，可用will be finishing
—I'm going to the supermarket. —I ______ (come) with you. I need to buy some milk.
答案：will come
解析：临时决定的动作，用一般将来时
综合检测：语法混合应用
The scientist ______ we will meet tomorrow ______ (give) a lecture on AI at this time next Monday.
答案：whom; will be giving
解析：第一空为定语从句关系词，第二空为将来进行时
This is the library ______ I ______ (read) books every Saturday, and I ______ (prepare) for the exam here this weekend.
答案：where; read; will be preparing
解析：定语从句+一般现在时+将来进行时
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023年全国甲卷
—What will you be doing this time tomorrow —I ______ on a beach in Sanya, enjoying the sunshine.
答案：will be lying
解析：问句用将来进行时，答句呼应“明天此时正在进行的动作”。
2. 2024年浙江卷 语法填空
The plane ______ (fly) at an altitude of 10,000 meters when the passengers felt a sudden shake.
答案：was flying
解析：虽非将来时，但考查“特定时刻正在进行的动作”，与将来进行时核心逻辑一致
3. 2025年模拟预测题（贴近考纲）
The guide told us that the tour group ______ (visit) the ancient temple at 10 a.m. the next day.答案：would be visiting
解析：间接引语中，将来进行时变为过去将来进行时，符合时态呼应规则
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1-2知识清单
重 点 单 词 Unit 1 1. vital adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的 2. defeat n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜 3. evaluate vt. 评价; 评估 4. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 5. encounter vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇 6. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行 7. extraordinary adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的 8. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 9. infer vt. 推断; 推定 10. circumstance n. 条件; 环境; 状况 Unit 2 1. persuade vt. 劝说; 说服 2. distant adj. 遥远的; 远处的; 疏远的; 心不在焉的 3. efficient adj. 效率高的; 有功效的 4. preference n. 爱好; 偏爱 5. instant n. 瞬间; 片刻 adj. 立即的; 速食的; 速溶的 6. available adj. 可获得的; 可购得的; (人)有空的 7. combine vt. &vi. (使)结合; 混合 8. occupation n. 职业; 占领 9. oppose vt. 反对; 抵制; 阻挠 10. absence n. 不存在; 缺乏; 缺席
词 汇 拓 展 Unit 1 1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→distinction n. 差别 2. novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家 3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →commitment n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉 4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→conclusion n. 结论; 推论 5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然 6. science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家→scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academic adj. 学业的; 学术的 8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→objective n. 目标; 目的 adj. 客观的 9. botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的 10. politic n. 政治学→politician n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客 Unit 2 1. secure adj. 安全的; 安心的; 可靠的; 牢固的→security n. 保护措施; 安全工作 2. remote adj. 远程的; 偏远的→remotely adv. 远程地 3. warn v. 警告→warning n. 警告; 警示; 先兆 4. constant adj. 不断的; 重复的; 不变的→constantly adv. 不断地 5. normal adj. 正常的→abnormal adj. 不正常的; 反常的 6. criticize vt. 批评; 批判→ critical adj. 严重的; 关键的; 批判性的 7. potential adj. 可能的; 潜在的n. 潜力; 可能性→potentially adv. 潜在地; 可能地 8. relevant adj. 有关的; 有意义的→irrelevant adj. 不相干的; 不切题的 9. innovate v. 革新→innovation n. 创新; 创造 10. predict vt. 预测; 预言; 预料→prediction n. 预测; 预言
重 点 短 语 Unit 1 1. with the objective of (doing) 以(做)……为目的 2. insist on 坚决要求 3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗 4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台 5. take up a position 担任; 任职 6. sum up 总结; 概括 7. get stuck 进入僵局; 被卡住 8. by chance 偶然; 意外地 9. lead to 导致, 通向 10. stand up to经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对 Unit 2 1. switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等) 2. remote control 遥控器; 遥控 3. air conditioner 空调机; 空调设备 4. daily routine 日常生活 5. early on 在初期; 早先 6. catch fire 着火 7. in this sense 从这种意义上来讲 8. keep in touch (with. . . ) (与……)保持联系; 了解(某课题或领域的情况) 9. look into the future 展望未来 10. pros and cons 正反两方面
重 点 句 型 1. 句型公式: 关系副词引导非限制性定语从句 In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common (在那里疟疾较为普遍), to study malaria patients. 2. 句型公式: 关系代词引导非限制性定语从句 Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered(大部分受试患者都康复了). 3. 句型公式: 动名词与动词不定式作动词宾语的区别 They then tried boiling fresh wormwood (试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸), and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 4. 句型公式: upon/on doing sth. 当……时 Upon/On hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. ” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时, 她说: “荣誉不只是属于我自己的。” 5. 句型公式: 将来进行时 However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes(将生活在智能住宅中) that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. 6. 句型公式: the instant (that)一……就…… Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door(你一进家门) along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. 7. 句型公式: 疑问词+动词不定式 It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better(如何睡得更好). 8. 句型公式: on the one hand一方面 On the one hand(一方面), there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.
请根据所学课文，用课文原词填空。
With technologies first 1 and developed for space exploration, we can solve some of the big problems 2 mankind, 3 ourselves safer and easier. One of these is earthquake shock absorbers. Some technologies need further research to 4 solve real-life problems.
Although space exploration 5 huge investment, the space industry can actually bring great 6 value. It has been calculated 7 the global space economy is increasing 8 billions of dollars every year. At the same time, space exploration can provide a 9 of career opportunities for young people. Jobs in the space industry go far 10 the astronauts that receive widespread media coverage. There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants.
知识点
commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证；花(钱或时间)
vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺)
commit murder/a crime/a mistake犯凶杀罪/犯罪/犯错 commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) be committed to (doing) sth./commit oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事 make a commitment to (doing) sth.保证/承诺(做)某事
(1)This requires (commit)to a particular occupation，branch of study or research.
(2)我强烈建议你每天抽出一个小时读英语，这将逐渐提高你的英语口语。
I strongly suggest ，which will gradually improve your spoken English.
(3)我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，满脸窘得通红。(读后续写之尴尬心理描写)
I ，my face red with embarrassment.
(4)他渴望被这所著名的研究院录取，因此，他每天都致力于学习。
He desires to be admitted to the famous academy and as a consequence， .
【高考真题链接】
2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷（填空题）：
Students should commit themselves to _______ (master) basic skills rather than pursuing difficult knowledge blindly.
acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
acknowledge sb./sth.as/to be...认为某人/物是……；承认某人/物是…… acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事 acknowledge that...承认…… It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
(1)Tom acknowledged (defeat) in the English speech competition，which made us quite depressed.
(2) Professor Yang Zhenning （acknowledge） one of the world’s greatest physicists.
(3)我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。
I ，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.
(4)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有指导意义，并且充满激情。
It that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.
【高考真题链接】
2023·浙江卷（选择题）：
The scientist finally acknowledged _______ his earlier theory had some flaws after new evidence appeared.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
insist on (doing) sth.坚决要求/坚持(做)某事 insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，根据需要选择各种时态。
The officer insisted that he （fine）for breaking rules.
She insisted that she （see） the suspect before.．
(2)只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体我们才能保持身心健康。
We can keep physically and mentally healthy only when .(insist on)
(3)My mother insists that I _______ (go) to bed before 11 o’clock every night.
【高考真题链接】
2025·北京卷模拟（选择题）：
He insisted on _______ the truth, even though no one believed him at first.
A.tell B. telling C. to tell D. told
conclusion n．结论；推论(conclude vt.断定；推断出)
in conclusion最后；总之 come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论 conclude...with sth./by doing sth.以……结束 conclude from...从……中得出结论
(1)The famous novelist （conclude） his speech a distinguished saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
(2)总之，你的切实可行的建议一定可以使我们关于中国传统文化的主题班会吸引更多的外国人。
(conclude) ,your practical suggestions are bound to make our theme class meeting about traditional Chinese cultures appeal to more foreigners.
(3)我从自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。”
①I ，“No pains，no gains.”(conclude)
②I ，“No pains，no gains.”(conclusion)
答案：（1）concluded with (2)In conclusion (3)concluded from my own experience;
came to/reached/arrived at/drew a conclusion from my own experience
【高考真题链接】
（模拟题）After careful discussion, the committee finally _______ a conclusion that the project should be carried out.
drew B. made C. did D. took
2023·全国乙卷（翻译题）：
总之，你的建议对我们的校园活动非常有价值。
circumstance n．(usually pl.)条件；环境；状况
under/in no circumstances无论如何不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许的话 under/in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此
(1)我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标，因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。
U the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，i ，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
(2)即使在这种情况下，他仍然不遗余力地提高自己。
E ，he still spared no effort to improve himself.
【高考真题链接】
2024·江苏卷（选择题）：
_______ the circumstances, it’s better to postpone the meeting to next week.
On B. Under C. In D. For
take up a position担任；任职
take up拿起；占据；开始从事；接受 take off脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；休假 take in吸收；理解；收留；欺骗 take over接管；接任 take on呈现；雇用；承担 take down写下；记下；拆除 take apart拆开；拆卸
用take的相关短语填空
(1)With the remarkable development of science and technology，our country has taken a new look.
(2)I acknowledged that I hardly took what the teacher said in class，which made me in low spirits.
(3)Tom，a person with passion，will take his position as chairman of the Student Association at the end of next month.
(4)The smart professor had no difficulty taking the fridge and repaired it successfully.
(5) Apparently，when the delayed flight will take depends much on the weather.
(6)We students insist on taking the key points at class and sum them up after class.
【高考真题链接】
2025·全国Ⅰ卷模拟（选择题）：
When I first met him, he was about to _______ a position as a manager in the company.
take up B. take on C. take over D. take in
upon/on doing 结构； Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.” 获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。”
upon/on doing (that) ...一……就……，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。 表示“一……就……”的其他形式：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。
(1)一听说伯纳德陷入困难，约翰立即致力于通过做爆米花帮助他。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
U ，John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.(Upon/On doing...)
(2)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。
①A ，I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
②T ，I sighed in relief.(the instant)
③I ，I sighed in relief.(immediately)
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（翻译题）：
一听到这个好消息，整个班级都欢呼起来。
2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷（填空题）：
_______ (see) the teacher coming, the students stopped talking at once.
It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
it作形式主语的常用句式： It be＋an honour＋for sb.to do sth./It be one’s honour＋to do sth. It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句 It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句 It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句 It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句
(1)很荣幸能发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
It share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.
(2)据说将展览中国专家的许多剪纸作品。
It throughout China will be on show.
(3) Apparently，we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.
→It we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.(it作形式主语)
(4)这些国家公园已经得到旅游公司的财政支持，这是事实。
It have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
【高考真题链接】
2024·山东卷（选择题）：
_______ is obvious that regular exercise is beneficial to health.
This B. That C. It D. There
9. persuade vt.劝说；说服(persuasive adj.有说服力的 persuasion n．说服)
persuade sb.to do sth.＝persuade sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事 persuade sb.not to do sth.＝persuade sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 try to persuade sb.to do sth.＝advise sb.to do sth.试图说服某人做某事(未必成功)
(1)You must possess powers.After your persuasion，my stubborn son agreed to cease carrying out his former plan.(persuade)
(2)我成功地说服他同意我挨家挨户卖爆米花的计划。
①I managed to to sell popcorn from door to door.(persuade sb.to do sth.)
②I managed to to sell popcorn from door to door.(persuade sb.into doing sth.)
(3)我试图说服他不要和这个坏家伙联系，但是白费功夫。
①I ，but in vain.(persuade)
②I ，but in vain.(advise)
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（填空题）：
He finally persuaded his parents _______ (let) him study abroad.
2025·湖北卷模拟（选择题）：
We _______ him into giving up smoking, and now he is much healthier.
advised B. tried to persuade C. persuaded D. suggested
10. instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的(instantly＝immediately adv.立刻，马上)
the instant/instantly＋从句 一……就…… instant coffee/noodles速溶咖啡/方便面 表示“一……就……”的其他表达方式：on/upon (doing) sth.，as soon as＋从句，the moment/minute＋从句，immediately/instantly/directly＋从句，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...等。
(1)I detected two obvious mistakes (instant) I saw the article.
(2)一看到可怕的熊在咬我们的金属丝栅栏，我就屏住呼吸，一动也不敢动。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
①The our wire fence，I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(the instant)
②On/Upon our wire fence，I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(On/Upon doing...)
③Hardly our wire fence when I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(hardly...when...)
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（填空题）：
Hardly _______ (I) had I entered the room when the phone rang.
2023·浙江卷（选择题）：
_______ I finished my homework, I helped my mom with housework.
The instant B. As long as C. Even if D. So that
11. command v．命令；控制 n．指令；命令；掌握；控制
command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 command that...(should) do...命令…… at one’s command听某人支配 have a good command of/have a good knowledge of/master...掌握……；精通……
(1)I’m your command and hence，I will obey your orders.
(2)My teacher commanded me (hand) in my essay instantly.
→My teacher commanded that I (hand) in my essay instantly.
(3)我写信申请成为您的助教，因为我不仅精通英语，而且善于和其他人交流。(应用文写作之申请信)
I am writing to apply to be your teaching assistant，because not only but also I am good at communicating with others.
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（翻译题）：
他精通法语，所以被选为代表团成员。
2024·全国乙卷（填空题）：
The teacher commanded that all students _______ (hand) in their papers before leaving.
12. warning n．警告；警示(warn v．提醒注意；劝告；警告；告诫)
without warning不预先通知；突然地 warn sb.(not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事 warn sb.of/about sth.提醒/警告某人注意某事 warn sb.against doing sth.警告某人不要做某事
(1)The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early (warn) signals that we really have changed our planet.
(2)In our daily routine our head teacher often warns us the possible problems we might run into.
(3)老师警告我们不要把手机带进考场。
①The teacher mobile phones into the examination room.
②The teacher mobile phones into the examination room.
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题（选择题）：
My parents often warn me _______ swimming in the deep river. A. of B. against C. for D. with 。
2025·四川卷模拟（填空题）：
Without any _______ (warn), the storm hit the city suddenly.
13. oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠(opposed adj.反对的；对立的 opposition n．反对)
oppose (doing) sth.反对(做)某事 oppose sb./sb.’s doing sth.反对某人做某事 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事
(1)Regardless of my father’s (oppose)，I still purchase many luxuries.
(2)Hence，many educators are strongly opposed to (protect)children too much in our daily routine.
(3)Because all of my friends were opposed to my plan，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)
→With ，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(用with复合结构改写)
→All ，I couldn’t resist sobbing，hiding my face in my hands.(用独立主格结构改写)
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（翻译题）：
大多数家长反对孩子过度使用电子产品。
2023·北京卷（选择题）：
The experts oppose _______ the old building because of its historical value.
pull down B. pulling down C. to pull down D. pulled down
14. absence n．[C]& [U]缺席；不在(某处)；[U]缺乏(absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的)
in the absence of不在；缺少 in one’s absence某人不在时 absence of mind心不在焉 be absent from不参加；缺席 absent-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的
the absence of teachers’ instruction，I don’t know how to combine what I’ve learnt with practice.
(2)我写信向您道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I’m your birthday party last weekend.
(3)这就是我的妈妈，有时心不在焉、健忘，然而总是充满爱心。
Such is my mother，who ，yet always loving.
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题（填空题）：
His _______ (absent) from school without reason made the teacher angry.
2025·全国Ⅱ卷模拟（选择题）：
_______ the manager’s absence, Mr. Li is in charge of the company.
In B. On C. At D. For
15. in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
make sense of弄懂……的意思；理解 make no sense没道理；没意义 in a sense从某种意义上说 in no sense决不(位于句首时要用部分倒装结构) common sense常识 a sense of belonging/humour/direction/duty归属感/幽默感/方向感/责任感 There’s no/little sense (in) doing sth.做某事没道理/没意义。
(1)我写信请求您推荐一些我能够容易理解的英文名著。(应用文写作之求助信)
I’m writing to request you to recommend some English classics .
(2)以“自律”为主题的调查使我们意识到没有自律，在线学习就没有意义。
The research themed at“Self-discipline” made us realize that .
(3)We should in no sense give up our dreams even if we face many difficulties.
→In .(用倒装句改写)
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题（选择题）：
It _______ no sense to buy expensive clothes if you don’t wear them often.
does B. makes C. takes D. gives
2024·浙江卷（填空题）：
She has a strong _______ (sense) of responsibility, which makes her popular among colleagues.
16. keep in touch (with)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)
stay in touch (with)(与……)保持联系 be in touch (with)(与……)有联系 be out of touch (with)(与……)失去联系 以上三个短语表状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 get in touch (with)(与……)取得联系 lose touch (with)(与……)失去联系 以上两个短语表示动作，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
自从我们十年前取得联系，我们已经保持联系十年了。我的确相信我们再也不会失去联系了。
We each other for ten years since we ten years ago.I do believe that we will never each other.
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（翻译题）：
无论我们相距多远，都要保持联系。
2025·广东卷模拟（选择题）：
After graduation, I tried to _______ in touch with my classmates, but some of them moved abroad. A. stay B. get C. lose D. break
17. It will take+时间段+before...
Nevertheless，it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而，要让大多数新住宅开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
It will take＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)“在……之前要花一段时间” It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)“要过一段时间才……” It wasn’t long＋before从句(一般过去时)“没过多久就……” It won’t be long＋before从句(一般现在时)“过不了多久就会……”
(1)十天后我要参加期末考试了。
It I take the end-of-term examination.
(2)没过多久简就意识到她在陌生的森林里迷路了，这使她如坐针毡。但是她不断地安慰自己，“用不了多久，我的丈夫就会找到我”。(读后续写片段)
It ，which made her feel like sitting on pins and needles.But she constantly comforted herself，“It .”
【高考真题链接】
模拟练习题（填空题）：
It _______ (not be) long before we meet again.
2023·全国甲卷（翻译题）：
要过大约三个月我们才能完成这项任务。
18. as引导原因状语从句
It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier，as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.它还使人们在生活中更加容易找到机会，因为它让人们能够通过社交媒体建立更大的朋友圈。
as作连词，可引导以下几种状语从句： as引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”。 as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；随着”。 as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……；照着……”。 as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”， 需将后面的表语、状语提到前面构成倒装句，即把句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词或实义动词提前。 as引导定语从句，意为“正如；正像”。
(1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
①As time went by，the librarian grew increasingly interested in her occupation.随着
②Just as an old saying goes，do in Rome as the Romans do.正如
③Child as he is，he has a good command of English.尽管
④I oppose you continuing with the training，as you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.因为
(2)随着公共汽车逐渐靠近城镇，汤姆浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
As the bus got closer and closer to the town，Tom shook all over，feeling like sitting on pins and needles.
(3)尽管我们又累又饿，但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
Exhausted and hungry as we were，we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.
【高考真题链接】
新增练习题（选择题）：
_______ he is young, he has a lot of working experience.
Because B. As C. Although D. When
2025·浙江卷模拟（填空题）：
_______ (time) as time went by, I gradually understood my parents’ love.
语法点
Grammar 定语从句
一、定语从句的种类
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
[观察例句]
This is the computer (that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.
这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。
I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.
我会带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。
He is English, which I know from his accent.
他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。
This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
[归纳用法]
①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有where, when, why。
②非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。
[即学即练1]——用适当的关系词填空
①Holly， is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese.
②The dictionary， our teacher bought yesterday, is helpful to us.
③I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
④Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
⑤Davis wanted to visit the farm the seawater rice was grown.
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1．形式不同
[观察例句]
Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.
这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)
The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion.
这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)
[归纳用法]
限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。
2．先行词不同
[观察例句]
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)
The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.
那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容)
[归纳用法]
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。
3．关系词的使用情况不同
(1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
[观察例句]
Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him.
大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他失望。
I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.
我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。
[归纳用法]
指物时要用which代替that, for which代替why。
(2)关系代词替代情况不同
[观察例句]
This is the man (whom/who/that)we are talking about.
这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.
这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)
She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher.
她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。
[归纳用法]
①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。
(3)关系代词省略情况不同
[观察例句]
This is a good film (which/that)I saw a few days ago.
这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)
The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near.
我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)
[归纳用法]
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
[即学即练2]——用适当的关系词填空
①Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.
②The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018.
③Can you tell me the reason he was absent yesterday
④We have a buyer would like to view the house.
⑤He was a personal friend I've known for many years.
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
[观察例句]
As we all know, Lu Xun is a great writer.
众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。
He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
他实验失败了，这是没有预料到的。
He is a cheat, as everyone can see.
每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。
He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected.
正如期望的那样，他实验做成功了。
As we all know, paper was invented in China.
正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。
[归纳用法]
①as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。
②as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
③as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。
[即学即练3]——用适当的关系词填空
①The weather turned out to be very fine， was more than we could expect.
② has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.
③He failed in the driving test, we had expected.
一.单句语法填空
1．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.
2．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in she distributed it to the children.
3．I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
4．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
5．Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust.
6．Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
7．The sun heats the earth, makes it possible for plants to grow.
8．Then he met Mary, invited him to a party.
9．There was a net bar around here, I remember.
10．He changed his mind again, made us all angry.
二、分级练习题（基础→提升）
基础题：关系词填空
1. The girl ______ won the speech contest is my deskmate.
2. This is the village ______ I spent my childhood.
3. The book, ______ cover is blue, belongs to my teacher.
4. We will never forget the day ______ the People's Republic of China was founded.
5. He passed the exam, ______ surprised all of us.
提升题：语法纠错与改写
纠错：The man that you talked to him is our headmaster.
改写：She has a son. He is studying in Peking University.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023年新课标I卷 语法填空
The study, ______ was published in the Journal of Applied Ecology, found that the average number of birds was 35% higher in areas with green roofs.
2. 2024年新高考II卷 语法填空
My grandmother often tells me stories about her childhood, ______ she experienced a lot of hardships but also gained precious courage.
3. 2025年模拟预测题（贴近考纲）
As is reported in the news, the medical team ______ members are from different provinces has arrived at the disaster area.
Grammar 将来进行时
一、定义
将来进行时表示最近或较远的将来正在进行的动作或说话人已经计划或安排好的事情。
二、构成
[观察例句]
We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes.
我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。
Anyhow, you won't be playing for the next few Saturdays.
无论如何，后几个星期六你不许再玩了。
—Will you be remaining in the city
—Yes, I shall be (remaining in the city).
——你将来会留在这个城市吗？
——是。
—What time will she be arriving
—She will be arriving at about 8：30 tomorrow morning.
——她什么时候到达？
——她大概明天上午8点半到达。
[归纳用法]
1．肯定句：主语 ＋ shall/will ＋ be ＋ 现在分词．..
2．否定句：主语 ＋ shall/will ＋ not ＋ be ＋ 现在分词．..
3．疑问句：Shall/Will ＋ 主语 ＋ be ＋ 现在分词．..
4．疑问代词/疑问副词 ＋ shall/will ＋ 主语 ＋ be ＋ 现在分词．..
[名师点津]
shall用于第一人称，will用于第一、二、三人称。
[即学即练1]——完成句子
①今晚我将在办公室里待到比较晚。
I late at the office this evening.
②——他们会顺着这条路来吗？
——不，他们不会从这条路来。
— this way
—No, they (coming this way).
③明天早上十点他会在干嘛？
at 10：00 tomorrow
三、将来进行时的主要用法
[观察例句]
A space vehicle will be circling Jupiter in five years' time.
航天器5年后将绕木星飞行。
When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television.
当我到家时，我太太可能正在看电视。
I'll be taking my holidays soon.
不久我将要度假了。
We shall be going to London next week.
下周我们要去伦敦。
Will you be having some tea 喝点茶吧。
Will you be needing anything else 你还需要什么吗？
[归纳用法]
1．将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
2．将来进行时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
3．将来进行时表示委婉语气。
[即学即练2]—— 完成句子
①五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃晚饭。
Don't phone me between 5 and 6.We dinner then.
②我下个星期来看你。
I you next week.
③克雷格教授明晚做关于伊特拉斯坎陶器的讲演。
Professor Craig a lecture on Etruscan pottery tomorrow evening.
四、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别
1．一般将来时是指将来某个时间将要发生的动作和状态，基本结构是：主语＋will＋do.
I will go to Beijing next Sunday.
我下个星期天将要去北京。
What will you do tomorrow 你明天干什么？
将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。基本结构是：主语 ＋ will be ＋ doing
What will you be doing this time tomorrow
明天这个时候你会在做什么呢？
2. 两者均可表示将来，但用将来进行时语气更委婉
比较：
When will you finish these letters
你什么时候处理完这些信件？(直接询问，如上司对下属)
When will you be seeing Mr.White
你什么时候见怀特先生？(委婉地询问，如下属对上司)
When will you pay back the money
你什么时候还钱？(直接讨债)
When will you be paying back the money
这钱你什么时候还呢？(委婉地商量)
3. 有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况
Mary won't pay this bill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)
Mary won't be paying this bill.不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)
[即学即练3]——完成句子
①十二点的时候我将在睡觉。
I at 12：00.
②20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。
I in university at the age of 20.
③如果看到有人遇到危险，他会怎么做？
if he sees somebody in danger
一.单句语法填空
1．He (lie)on one of the sunny beaches in Hawaii all day when he spends his holiday there.
2. Don't call me between 2：00 and 4：00 this afternoon.I (have)an test then.
3. Nobody knew what (happen)to the Earth in a century's time.
4. Mr.Lee said he would give the CD to me as soon as he (return)from Canada.
5. When we were young, father (take)us for a special treat on Mother's day.
6．—Did you invite Sarah to your birthday party
—Sorry, I forget.I (call)her now.
7．You can't miss him.He (wear)a dark green suit and a yellow tie waiting for you.
8. I (tell)you about my plan, but you stopped me before I could speak.
9. Will you (use)your computer this time tomorrow
10. I (close)the kitchen door when a little mouse popped its head out.
二、分级练习题（基础→提升）
基础题：用将来进行时完成句子
1. This time next year, I ______ (study) in a university abroad.
2. —______ (you / attend) the meeting this afternoon —Yes, I will.
3. Don't call him at 9 o'clock. He ______ (have) a meeting then.
提升题：选择合适的时态填空
I ______ (finish) the report by tomorrow evening.
—I'm going to the supermarket. —I ______ (come) with you. I need to buy some milk.
综合检测：语法混合应用
The scientist ______ we will meet tomorrow ______ (give) a lecture on AI at this time next Monday.
This is the library ______ I ______ (read) books every Saturday, and I ______ (prepare) for the exam here this weekend.
【高考真题链接】
1. 2023年全国甲卷
—What will you be doing this time tomorrow —I ______ on a beach in Sanya, enjoying the sunshine.
2. 2024年浙江卷 语法填空
The plane ______ (fly) at an altitude of 10,000 meters when the passengers felt a sudden shake.
3. 2025年模拟预测题（贴近考纲）
The guide told us that the tour group ______ (visit) the ancient temple at 10 a.m. the next day.
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