[先讲解]
deserve /d 'z v/ vt. 值得，应得
deserve respect/consideration/a reward 值得尊敬/值得考虑/理应受到奖励
deserve to do sth. 应该做某事
deserve doing＝deserve to be done (某事)值得被做，应该被做
get what you deserve＝deserve all/everything you get 罪有应得
You deserve it. 你活该/这是你应得的。
【写作金句】
① [2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷]The columns of Youth are so novel and appealing that they deserve reading/to be read regularly. 《青春》的栏目非常新颖且有吸引力，它们值得经常阅读。(投稿)
② She is widely acknowledged to be the most responsible and considerate teacher in our school, so she deserves to be respected by all us students. 她被公认为我们学校最负责任、最体贴的老师，所以她应该受到我们全体学生的尊重。(人物介绍)
【联想发散】 表示“值得”的短语或句型还有be worth (doing)、be worthy of sth.和It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.。
tear apart使(关系密切的人)分离，分开
tear sth. apart 使四分五裂；使分崩离析；撕毁；撕碎
tear down 拆毁，拆除(建筑物、墙等)
tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)
tear...from 从……撕下……
【写作金句】 The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families. 乐曲带我进入了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事，讲述的是一对年轻情侣被他们家庭拆散的遭遇。(推荐信)
whisper /'w sp (r)/ vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言
① whisper to sb. 低声对某人说
whisper sth. in one's ear 在某人耳边低语
It is/was whispered that从句 有人私下说……
② in a whisper/in whispers＝in a low voice 小声地，低声地
【写作金句】
① When the moon had risen, we lay on the grass, listening to the wind whispering in the dark.
当月亮升起时，我们躺在草地上，听着风在黑暗中低语。(情景描写)
② Then the twins whispered to their mother that they loved her so much and they were eager to see her smile every day. 然后双胞胎跟他们的母亲小声说，他们非常爱她，渴望每天都能看到她的微笑。(情感描写)
overcome / v 'k m/ vt. 受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜
overcome the difficulties/barriers 克服困难/障碍
be overcome by/with 受到……的极大影响
【写作金句】
① Faced with so many new challenges, David was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do.
面对这么多新挑战，大卫感到恐惧，不知道该做什么。(心理描写)
② When he received the admission letter from the university, he was overcome with joy. 当他收到大学的录取信时，他欣喜若狂。(心理描写)
transform /tr ns'f m/ vi. & vt. (使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化
① transform...into 把……变为……
② transformation n. (彻底的)变化，改观，转变，改革
experience/undergo a complete transformation
经历彻底的变革
【写作金句】 [北师选必四U12P53]Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”， with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests. 地球上的人类生活已经变成一个“地球村”，所有不同的国家都在共同利益链中联系在一起。(倡议书)
rely /r 'la / on 依赖，依靠；信任
① rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事，相信某人会做某事
rely on it that从句 相信……，指望……
② reliable adj. 可信赖的，可靠的
【写作金句】 [译林选必四U1P14]Responsibility is an important character trait to have if one wants to be seen as a reliable and trustworthy person. 如果一个人想被视为一个可靠和值得信赖的人，责任心是一个重要的性格特征。(演讲稿)
【联想发散】
① 表示“依赖，依靠”的短语还有depend on、count on。
② rely on后接that引导的从句时，必须用it作形式宾语再接that从句。类似的结构还有see to it that从句(确保……)。
You can rely on it that Jennifer will come and help us if we are in trouble. 你可以相信，如果我们有困难，珍妮弗会来帮助我们。
tune /tju n/ n. 曲调，曲子
vt. 调音；调频道；调整
① a catchy tune 一首悦耳易记的曲子
sing a song to the tune of 用……曲调唱歌
in tune with 与……协调/一致/融洽
out of tune with 与……不协调/不一致/不融洽
in/out of tune 音调正确/不正确
② tune...to 将频道调为……；调整……
tune in 收听，收看
tune out 不理睬；思想开小差
【写作金句】 The younger generation are raised in a more open environment, which has enabled them to develop in tune with their values. 年轻一代在一个更加开放的环境中长大，这使他们能够根据自己的价值观发展。(演讲稿)
consist /k n's st/ of 由……组成(或构成)
consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of 由……组成(或构成)
【写作金句】 A Chinese painting exhibition consisting of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art centre.
昨天在艺术中心举行了国画作品展，展出了几十幅我校同学的画作。(报道)
【特别提醒】 consist of无被动形式，也不可以用于进行时态。
get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事
get across 被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚
get away from 逃离，摆脱
get away with 做(坏事)而未受惩罚；偷携某物潜逃
get along (with) (与……)相处；(事情)进展
get about 传播；流传；各处走动
get over 解决；克服；控制；从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复常态
get through 用完；耗尽；打通；(使)正式通过；熬过
【写作金句】 It was your encouragement and support that cheered me up and helped me get through the hard times. 正是你的鼓励和支持使我振作起来，帮助我度过困难时期。(感谢信)
【联想发散】 表示“开始做某事”的短语还有set about doing sth.、set out to do sth.等。
accompany / 'k mp ni/ vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏
① accompany sb.＝keep pany 陪伴某人
accompany sb. to 陪伴/陪同某人去(某地)
accompany sb. on/at the piano/guitar 用钢琴/吉他为某人伴奏
be accompanied by由……陪同/伴随
② companion n. 同伴；伙伴
【写作金句】 The boys were struck with fear as the wind blew the trees on their side accompanied by heavy rain. 风猛刮着身边的树，伴随着大雨，男孩们吓坏了。(融情于景)
enthusiastic / n θju zi' st k/ adj. 热情的，热心的
① be enthusiastic about 对……热心的，对……热情的
② enthusiasm n. 热情，热心
do sth. with enthusiasm 热心地做某事
③ enthusiastically adv. 热情地，热心地
④ enthusiast n. 热心者，爱好者
【写作金句】
① [外研选必一U2P24]With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. 生活由起起落落组成，保持良好和热情的态度并不总是那么容易。
② I want to serve as a volunteer of this international tennis competition because I'm really enthusiastic about tennis. 我想成为这次国际网球比赛的志愿者，因为我对网球充满热情。(申请信)
upset / p'set/ adj. 难过的，失望的
/ p'set/ vt. 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻
① be/get upset about 对……感到难过/沮丧
be upset that从句 因……不高兴
② It upsets sb. to do sth. 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb. that从句 让某人不高兴的是……
【写作金句】 In spite of all his efforts, he failed. He was so upset about it that he felt like crying.
尽管他很努力但还是失败了，他伤心地想哭。(情感描写)
possess /p 'zes/ vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制
① possess sth. 拥有某物
be possessed by 为……所支配，为……所迷住
② possession n. 个人财产；拥有，具有
take possession of 占有，拥有
come into possession of 继承
in possession of sth. 拥有
in the possession of sb. 被某人拥有，在某人手中
【写作金句】 [译林选必四U1P14]Honesty and the ability to accept responsibility are among the most important qualities that a person can possess. 诚实和承担责任的能力是一个人所能拥有的最重要的品质之一。(演讲稿)
【特别提醒】
① possess不用于进行时。
② in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有，拥有”；in the possession of表示被动，其主语通常是物，意为“被/为……占有”。
The old man is in possession of a large company.
＝A large company is in the possession of the old man.
这个老人拥有一家大公司。
[后练习]
考点1 deserve的相关用法
[写作迁移]首先要保持一个开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。(一句多译)
① What comes first is to keep an open mind, . (deserve)
② What comes first is to keep an open mind, . (worth)
③ What comes first is to keep an open mind, . (worthy)
考点2 tear apart及其拓展短语的相关用法
① The abandoned building is scheduled to be torn this month.
② When we tear a page the calendar, it means that our life has been shortened by one day.
③ [写作迁移]她父亲一看到那封信就把它撕碎了。
考点3 whisper的相关用法
[写作迁移]人们私下说他正在准备一个惊喜聚会。(一句多译)
① he was preparing a surprise party. (whisper v．)
② he was preparing a surprise party. (whisper n．)
③ he was preparing a surprise party. (it作形式主语)
考点4 overcome的相关用法
① (overcome) by curiosity, the boy couldn't wait to open the box on the table.
② [译林选必一U2P20]When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqi's death, he was overcome sorrow.
③ [写作迁移]只要我们拧成一股绳，就没有克服不了的困难。
As long as we are united, .
考点5 transform的相关用法
① A sitting room can (transform) into a guest bedroom simply by adding a sofa bed.
② Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form another.
③ The economic framework of the 21st century is going through new (transform)．
④ [写作迁移]过去的十年见证了这个小山村的彻底的变化。
考点6 rely的相关用法
① Don't rely on me (see) you off this afternoon because I will be occupied otherwise.
② When necessary, instinct is the most (rely) resource you can fall back on.
③ [写作迁移]你相信我好了，我会按时完成工作的。
考点7 tune的相关用法
① I have been out of practice at singing for many years, so I couldn't sing tune.
② His failure mainly arises from being of tune with what his customers want.
③ I have a 10-year-old grand piano which needs (tune) but otherwise it's in good condition.
④ [写作迁移]政府的最终决定与群众的想法完全一致。
The government's final decision the masses's opinion.
考点8 consist的相关用法
① [外研必修三U6P87]Consisting 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts.
② A team (compose) of 200 firefighters has been sent to the flood-stricken region.
③ [写作迁移]在我看来，幸福在于为人民服务。
考点9 get down to及其拓展短语的相关用法
① I had created a way to my message by using as few words as possible.
② [人教选必二U1P5]This was when you should have calmed down and doing some solid work.
③ I love cities, but there are times when I need to go to the countryside and
the noise, the dirt and the people.
考点10 accompany的相关用法
① While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her the piano.
② [译林选必四U2P16]They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if (accompany) by a gentle smile.
③ He said he was going to her home, and the lady was happy to have such a nice . (company)
④ [写作迁移]我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。(道歉信)
the bookshop at the appointed time.
考点11 enthusiastic的相关用法
① Today I am as about my job as the first day and my enables me to treat my job . (enthusiastic)
② According to the organizers, more than 600 kite (enthusiastic) from 59 countries and regions are attending this year's festival.
③ [写作迁移]如果你对英语充满热情，思维敏捷，那么就毫不犹豫地加入辩论队吧。(邀请信)
，don't hesitate to join the debate team.
考点12 upset的相关用法
① It upset me Tom didn't finish the task on time, but Jack said there was no point getting upset it, adding that the most important thing was to solve the problem.
② [写作迁移]朋友的不辞而别让她感到不安。(一句多译)
her friend had left without saying goodbye. (it作形式主语)
was that her friend had left without saying goodbye. (what引导主语从句)
Her friend had left without saying goodbye, . (which引导定语从句)
考点13 possess的相关用法
① With his business going on well, he at first big houses and cars; and later he took of stocks of different companies. Eventually, he found that everything he dreamed of was in his .(possess)
② [北师选必一U3P72]Mathilde focuses on her lack of (possess) such as gowns and jewellery instead of enjoying the life she has.
③ [写作迁移]直到所有文件都签了字你才能拥有这所房子。(一句多译)
You can't until all the papers have been signed. (possess)
You can't the house until all the papers have been signed. (possession)
The house can't be you until all the papers have been signed. (possession)
dramatic /dr 'm t k/ A. adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的 B. adj. 突然的，巨大的
C. adj. 戏剧的 D. adj. 夸张做作的
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① They watched dramatic pictures of the police raid on TV.
② [外研选必四U6P88]The dramatic scientific developments of recent years have brought space exploration back to public attention.
③ She's not only a great dramatic actress but she's also very funny.
guarantee / ɡ r n'ti / A. vt. 保证，担保；确保
B. vt. 为(产品)提供保修 C. n. 保证，担保
D. n. 保修单；保修 E. n. 保证金
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Buying a ticket in advance can guarantee you a seat.
② All Dreamland's electric blankets are guaranteed for three years.
③ My computer is still under guarantee.
④ [译林选必三U4P48]There was no guarantee that it would work, since no one had attempted anything similar before.
⑤ Males between 18 and 20 had to leave a deposit as a guarantee of returning to do their military service.
distant /'d st nt/ A. adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的 B. adj. 冷淡的 C. adj. 远亲的
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师必修二U5P37]Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
② Since that day, my distant relationship with my parents has changed a lot.
③ [北师选必四U10P17]My family and I went on a holiday last year to visit some distant relatives I had never met before.
desperate /'desp r t/ A. adj. 绝望的
B. adj. 不惜冒险的，拼命的 C. adj. 极其需要的 D. adj. 极严重的
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师选必一U1P15]My friends try to drag me away from my phone, but as soon as I'm alone again, I'm desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.
② They face a desperate shortage of clean water while lots of people are wasting water.
③ [外研选必三U4P60]He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn't change his mind.
④ [外研选必三U1P15]Feeling desperate, he tries to destroy the portrait with a knife, but it is he who is killed.
过去分词作定语
【课本原句】 Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. 昨晚，我看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪和陈钢创作。
过去分词作定语，既可作前置定语，也可作后置定语。在语态上表被动，在时态上表示该动作已经发生或完成的状态，与它所修饰的词有逻辑上或意义上的动宾关系。
【对点微练】 用过去分词作定语翻译句子
① 参与打架的两名学生被要求下课后留下来。(involve)
② 刚才被警察审问的小偷没有说出真相。(question)
形容词作状语
【课本原句】 Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. 梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。
① 形容词(短语)除了可以作定语、表语或补语外，还可以作状语，具有副词的修饰功能。
② 形容词(短语)作状语可以置于句首、句末或句中，一般用逗号将其与句子中的其他部分隔开，它在意义上相当于一个状语从句，表示原因、结果、方式、伴随等。
【写作迁移】 用形容词(短语)作状语翻译句子
① 令他们非常欣慰的是，他们的儿子平安到家了。
② 既激动又害怕，我慢慢地踏着台阶登上了舞台。
whether引导宾语从句
【课本原句】 When the song had finished, I stood not knowing whether I liked it or not. 这首歌唱完后，我站在那里，不知道我是否喜欢它。
whether和if均可引导宾语从句，通常只能用whether的情况：
① 动词后的宾语从句，表达“是否”时，二者可以互换。但介词后的宾语从句，用whether引导。
I'm concerned about whether I ignored her feelings.
我担心我是否忽视了她的感受。
② 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，表达“是否”，用whether引导。
Whether the school will start as planned has not been announced. (主语从句)
学校是否会按计划开学还没有宣布。
There's some doubt whether we should trust his words or not. (同位语从句)
我们对是否应该相信他的话还有些疑问。
③ 与动词不定式连用时，用whether。
I haven't decided whether to attend the party.
我还没决定是否参加聚会。
【写作迁移】 翻译句子
① 问题是我们是否要把这个项目继续进行下去。(表语从句)
② 这个选择取决于条件是真还是假。(宾语从句)
③ 我在犹豫是接受还是拒绝他的邀请。(不定式)
选择性必修 第一册
Unit 1 Food matters
核心词汇
1. ① with/and ② combination ③ combined ④ Only when a person combines his interests and work can he enjoy the pleasure from it.
2. ① on ② into ③ I don't know what it was that did the trick
3. ① with ② are associated ③ association ④ is said to be associated with
4. ① herself ② threw off ③ throwing up ④ Upon reaching his office, he threw himself into preparing for the meeting.
5. ① Impressed ② impression ③ impressive ④ What impressed me most was Irish folk dances and songs
6. ① Out of breath ② out of patience ③ out of this world
④ out of place
7. ① estimated ② to date ③ It is estimated that more than 20 million shared bikes
8. ① to/for ② In ③ essential ④As we all know, it is essential that students should get enough sleep.
9. ① have an appetite for knowledge and outside world
② because she has been suffering from loss of appetite for two years
一词多义
1. ① A ② B
2. ① B ② A ③ C
3. ① A ② C ③ D ④ B
4. ① A ② C ③ B
5. ① A ② C
重难句式
1. ① He nodded to us with a smile, indicating that everything is fine. ② It rained heavily, causing extensive flooding in that country. ③ Lacking self-confidence, he dared not take part in the speech competition.
2. ① to have made ② that our city will hold ③ is said to be warming
Unit 2 The universal language
核心词汇
1. ① because everyone's ideas deserve consideration/considering/to be considered ② because everyone's ideas are worth considering
③ because everyone's ideas are worthy of consideration
2. ① down ② from ③ Her father tore it up the moment he glanced at the letter.
3. ① People whispered that ② People said in whispers that
③ It was whispered that
4. ① Overcome ② with/by ③ there is no difficulty we can't overcome
5. ① be transformed ② into ③ transformation
④ The past ten years has witnessed a complete transformation of the small village.
6. ① to see ② reliable ③ You can rely on it that I can finish the work on time. /You can rely on me to finish the work on time.
7. ① in ② out ③ to be tuned/tuning ④ was perfectly in tune with
8. ① of ② composed ③ As far as I'm concerned, happiness consists in serving the people.
9. ① get; across ② got down to ③ get away from
10. ① on/at ② accompanied ③ accompany; companion ④ I have to apologize to you for not being able to accompany you to
11. ① enthusiastic; enthusiasm; enthusiastically ② enthusiasts
③ If you are enthusiastic about English and have a sharp mind
12. ① that; about ② It upset her that; What upset her; which upset her
13. ① possessed; possession; possession ② possessions
③ possess the house; take/be in possession of; in the possession of
一词多义
1. ① A ② B ③ C
2. ① A ② B ③ D ④ C ⑤ E
3. ① A ② B ③ C
4. ① C ② D ③ B ④ A
重难句式
1. ① The two students involved in the fight were asked to stay behind after class.
② The thief questioned by the police just now didn't tell the truth.
2. ① Much to their relief, their son arrived home, safe and sound.
② Excited and scared, I slowly mounted the stairs and stepped onto the stage.
3. ① The question is whether we should go on with the project or not.
② The choice depends on whether the condition is true or false.
③ I hesitate over whether to accept or decline his invitation.
Unit 3 The art of painting
核心词汇
1. ① protecting ② opposing ③ opposed ④ With a lot of people opposing the new proposal
2. ① employees ② employment ③ employed
3. ① realistic ② really ③ reality ④ Those students with unrealistic goals
4. ① The project put forward by him is worth discussing/discussion. ② The project put forward by him is worthy of discussion. ③ It is worthwhile discussing/to discuss the project put forward by him.
5. ① in ② bathed ③ bathing ④ I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.
6. ① went through ② went by ③ go against ④ go for ⑤ go about
7. ① that ② apparently ③ It is apparent that smoking does harm to our health. /Apparently, smoking does harm to our health.
8. ① inspections ② inspected ③ carry out a thorough inspection of all their luggage
9. ① exposed ② exposure ③ exposing ④ Exposure to high levels of radiation may increase the risks of
10. ① to ② by ③ to hang ④ I have no alternative but to decline your invitation
一词多义
1. ① A ② D ③ C ④ B
2. ① B ② A ③ F ④ E ⑤ C ⑥ G
3. ① D ② A ③ C
4. ① B ② C ③ A
5. ① A ② B ③ C
6. ① C ② D ③ A ④ B
重难句式
1. ① It is strange that he should have taken out the books from the library without permission.
② It is said that you have won first place in the speech contest.
2. ① The academic conference being held now is of great value to the treatment for lung cancer.
② Recently, a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.
Unit 4 Exploring poetry
核心词汇
1. ① frozen ② freezing ③ the boy was frozen with fright
2. ① contradiction ② contradictory ③ in direct contradiction to; directly contradictory to
3. ① interpretations ② interpreter
4. ① being awarded; reward ② reward ③ rewarding ④ Tom got nothing as a reward for his kindness, which made him very sad.
5. ① reforming ② (should) be equipped ③ advocates ④ It is advocated that; should be rewarded instantly/immediately
6. ① belief ② unbelievable ③ which are believed to form the unity of opposites
7. ① cheating ② tolerant ③ tolerance ④ I can't tolerate you speaking to your mother in such a rude manner.
8. ① Distinguished ② as ③ Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass
9. ① cast new light on the origin of our universe ② He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer
10. ① to ② Owing ③ he owed it to good luck rather than to intelligence
11. ① to blame ② for ③ Blamed for the breakdown of the network
一词多义
1. ① A ② D ③ C ④ B
2. ① A ② E ③ D ④ C
3. ① C ② B
4. ① B ② A ③ C
5. ① B ② C
6. ① B ② A ③ C
7. ① D ② G ③ A ④ C ⑤ B
重难句式
① It turns out that as long as we have a determined heart/a strong will, nothing can defeat us.
② You can do whatever you want to do now as long as you don't break the law.[先讲解]
opposed / 'p zd/ adj. 截然不同的；强烈反对的
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于
② oppose vt. 反对；抵制；与……角逐
oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
③ opposing adj. 相反的；对立的
④ opposite adj. 对面的；相反的
【写作金句】 This exercise develops suppleness as opposed to strength. 这项锻炼不是增强力量，而是增强柔韧性的。(推荐信)
【联想发散】 表示“反对”的短语还有object to (doing) sth.、be against sth.等。
employ / m'pl / vt. 运用，使用；雇用
① employ sb. as 雇用某人担任……
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
be employed in doing sth. 从事于，忙于做某事
② employment n. 工作，职业，受雇；利用；就业
③ unemployment n. 失业
④ employer n. 雇主，老板
⑤ employee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇员
【写作金句】 [译林选必四U3P33]As a result, employees will need to attain excellent soft skills such as communication, cooperation and leadership. 因此，员工需要掌握优秀的软技能，如沟通、合作和领导能力。(申请信)
realistic / ri 'l st k; r 'l st k/ adj. 逼真的，栩栩如生的；现实的，实际的；明智的
① be realistic about 对……实事求是
set realistic goals/targets 制定可实现的目标
a realistic painting 一幅写实画
② unrealistic adj. 不实事求是的；不切实际的
③ reality n. 现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历
in reality 实际上；事实上
escape from reality 逃避现实
turn...into reality 把……变成现实
④ really adv. 真正地，真实地；确实
⑤ real adj. 真实的；确实的
【写作金句】 [人教选必三U1P2]In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 特别是，他的画作因其逼真的人脸和深刻的情感影响而与其他画作不同。(人物介绍)
worthy /'w i/ adj. 值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的
① be worthy of＋n. 值得……
② worth adj. 值得的；有……价值
be worth＋n./doing 值得……/(某事)值得做
③ worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)的
It is worthwhile 做某事是值得的。
【写作金句】 [北师必修一U2P38]Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realizing that all the sweat and hard work were worth it in the end. 没有什么比意识到所有的汗水和努力最终都是值得的更让人满意的了。(主旨升华)
bathe /be / vt. 以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗
① bathe the wound 清洗伤口
bathe...in/be bathed in 沐浴在……中
② bath n. 洗澡，洗浴
take/have a bath 洗澡
【写作金句】 The cottage was bathed in warm sunshine. 小屋沐浴在温暖的阳光中。
go about sth. 忙于做某事，继续做某事
go against 与……相背，违反
go after 追赶
go by (时间)流逝，过去
go for 努力争取；适用于
go in for 参加考试(或竞赛)；爱好
go through 经历，遭受；用完；耗尽
go over 反复研究；仔细检查
【写作金句】 People from all walks of life can be seen going about their daily business. 可以看到各行各业的人们忙于他们的日常事务。(报道)
apparent / 'p r nt/ adj. 显而易见，明白易懂，显然
① It is apparent that从句 显然……
② apparently adv. 据……所知；看来；显然
【写作金句】 Apparently, blindly following others' advice can affect our own judgement. 显然，盲目听从别人的意见会影响我们自己的判断。(建议信)
inspection / n'spek n/ n. 检查，查看，审视；视察
① on closer inspection 经进一步检查/查看
carry out a thorough inspection of 对……进行彻底检查
a routine/daily inspection例行检查/日常检查
② inspect vt. 检查；视察
【写作金句】 All the passengers, according to the new regulation, are to be inspected before boarding the subway. 根据新规定，所有乘客在乘坐地铁前都要接受检查。(告知信)
expose / k'sp z/ vt. 揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露，露出；使遭受；使接触
① expose...to 使……接触……；使暴露于
expose oneself to 使自己面临……；使自己遭受……
be exposed to 接触；暴露于
② exposure n. 暴露；显露；揭露
exposure to 面临，遭受(危险或不快)
【写作金句】 [人教选必二U2P17]Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. 接触另一种文化及其人们可以让交换生对世界有更深入的了解。(跨文化交流)
decline /d 'kla n/ n. 衰退，衰落，减少，下降
vi. & vt. 减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝
① in decline＝on the decline 在下降
fall into (a) decline 开始衰退/衰落
a decline in 在……方面下降/减少
② decline by 下降/减少了……
decline to 下降/减少到……
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
【写作金句】 [北师选必四U12P59]Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. 尽管霍金的体能在几十年里有所下降，但他从未停止过研究，并提出了许多关于黑洞的新想法。(人物介绍)
[后练习]
考点1 opposed的相关用法
① Many educators are strongly opposed to (protect) children too much.
② [译林选必二U2P24]You can also include an (oppose) opinion and state why you disagree.
③ Now students can express their own ideas, as (oppose) to just listening to the teacher.
④ [写作迁移]The local government cancelled the new proposal because a lot of people were opposed to it.
→ , the local government cancelled it. (with复合结构)
考点2 employ的相关用法
① Full-time (employ) in our company are entitled to receive health insurance.
② Changes in farming methods have badly affected (employ) in the area.
③ [外研选必三U5P71]Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, which is currently (employ) in tsunami early-warning systems.
考点3 realistic的相关用法
① My parents asked me to be (reality) about my future.
② In fact, so much travelling was (real) a good thing because it made us close.
③ So long as you try your best, your dream will someday become a (realistic)．
④ [写作迁移]那些有不切实际的目标的学生往往比其他人承受更大的压力。
often put themselves under more stress than others.
考点4 worthy的相关用法
[写作迁移]他提出的这项课题值得讨论。(一句多译)
①
②
③
考点5 bathe的相关用法
① The moon bathed the countryside a silver light.
② Cycling along the small path, and (bathe) in the brilliant sunshine, the boy felt at ease.
③ The sun began to rise in the sky, (bathe) the mountains in an orange glow.
④ [写作迁移·译林选必二U1P2]我正要洗澡，突然听到人们的尖叫和狗的吠叫。
考点6 go about sth.及其拓展短语的相关用法
① Not until he real hardships did he realize the love from his family was so precious.
② As time , I realized how much I missed my parent who had passed away.
③ He had to do that, because he would not his parents' wishes.
④ Remember that you should every precious chance to better yourself.
⑤ [外研选必四U3P44]Finally, identify what you still need to find out and how you will this.
考点7 apparent的相关用法
① The fact soon became apparent to everyone what the boy said was unreal.
② [人教选必一U1P2]She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood (apparent) destroyed its medical properties.
③ [写作迁移]很显然，吸烟有害我们的健康。
考点8 inspection的相关用法
① [人教选必三U3P33]At the same time, they started to carry out (inspect) regularly and fine tourist organizations for abuses.
② Products must be strictly, not carelessly, (inspect) before they leave the factory.
③ [写作迁移]在游客进入博物馆前，保安将对他们所有的行李进行彻底的检查。
Before the tourists enter the museum, the security will .
考点9 expose的相关用法
① [译林选必三U1P3]As you are (expose) to diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space.
② [外研选必二U6P94]What's more, my spacesuit keeps me safe from (expose) to the Martian surface for up to several hours at a time.
③ Seeing us approaching, she smiled joyfully, (expose) nice little white teeth.
④ [写作迁移·译林选必三U2P27]暴露于高水平的辐射可能会增加感染癌症和其他疾病的风险。
contracting cancer and other diseases.
考点10 decline的相关用法
① It is reported that the temperature will decline －2℃ in one or two days.
② The number of tourists declined at least 20% last year because of the slow-growing economy.
③ She declined (hang) out with her friends that night, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
④ [写作迁移]因为我在忙着准备期末考试，所以我别无选择，只能谢绝你的邀请。
Occupied in preparing for my final exam, .
wander /'w nd (r)/ A. vi. & vt. 闲逛，漫步
B. vi. 走失 C. vi. 走神 D. vi. 蜿蜒曲折
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必一U3P34]As I wandered in the National Gallery, I was amazed to see all the paintings.
② The wide river wanders through some beautiful country and finally reaches the Yellow River.
③ Unfortunately, my attention wandered for a moment and I lost the thread of what I was saying.
④ The child wandered off and got lost.
strike /stra k/ A. vt. 突然想到 B. vt. 撞，碰；打 C. vt. & vi. 侵袭 D. vi. 罢工 E. vt. 划(火柴) F. n. 罢工 G. n. 击，打；击球未中【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① It gave me a shock that an apple fell off the tree and struck me on the head.
② It strikes me that nobody is really in favour of the sudden changes.
③ Workers along the coastline are planning to go on a strike.
④ He struck a match and saw that this beautiful miracle was indeed accomplished.
⑤ A 7.2-magnitude earthquake struck the Philippines on Tuesday, killing at least 32 people.
⑥ [译林选必二U2P26]“Three strikes and you are out” is another idiom that comes from baseball.
dominate /'d m ne t/ A. vt. 在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色 B. vt. & vi. 支配，控制 C. vt. & vi. 占有优势 D. vt. 俯视【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① It's one of the tallest buildings in this area, and it really dominates this whole place.
② [译林选必一U3P31]Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works, as opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art.
③ Real Madrid dominated the first half of the match.
vision /'v n/ A. n. 远见卓识 B. n. 视力，视野 C. n. 想象
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Children with poor vision will be influenced in their future career.
② The book tells a vision of a world in which there would be no wars.
③ [北师选必三U7P21]When working together with others, it is important that you have a clear vision and a working plan to achieve it.
display /d 'sple / A. vt. 陈列，展出
B. vt. 显露，显示，表现 C. n. 陈列，展览
D. n. 表现，展示【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their original works.
② [译林选必一U3P39]Using ink on silk, he creates realistic images of scenery, buildings and people, and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective.
③ [外研选必一U4P59]As this artwork is rarely on display, people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it.
wind /w nd/ A. n. 风
/wa nd/ B. vt. 缠绕 C. vt. & vi. 给……上发条 D. vt. & vi. 蜿蜒，迂回
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [外研选必三U2P27改]Now, the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong.
② The river winds its way between two meadows.
③ [译林必修二U3P31]Some of them carried flags, which blew in the wind.
④ Wind a bandage firmly around the wounded leg and you can stop bleeding.
It is＋形容词＋that.
【课本原句】 It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he brought the pond's beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 令人赞叹的是，莫奈每次端详睡莲池这处简单的风景，都能以独特的方式让它的美跃然于画布之上。
为保持句子结构上的平衡，It在句中充当形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
① It is important/evident/necessary/strange/impossible/
natural that从句
② It is a pity(遗憾)/an honour(荣誉)/a privilege(荣幸)/no wonder(难怪) that从句
③ It is reported/said/believed/thought/announced/claimed/recommended that从句
【写作迁移】 用以上句型翻译句子
① 真奇怪，他竟然没有得到允许就把书从图书馆里带走了。
② 据说你在演讲比赛中得了第一名。
现在分词作定语
【课本原句】 The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, featuring crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work. 第一部分展现了汴京城外平静的乡村生活场景，重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。
① 在形式上，现在分词作定语一般有doing和being done两种形式，不用having done/having been done形式作定语。
② 在意义上，doing表示主动、动作正在进行或当时的状态，being done表示被动。
③ 现在分词(短语)作后置定语时，可转换成定语从句。
【写作迁移】 用现在分词(短语)作定语翻译句子
① 正在开的这场学术会议将对肺癌的治疗极具价值。
② 最近，在两家不同超市对相同商品进行的一次价格比较调查引起了市民热烈的讨论。
[先讲解]
combination / k mb 'ne n/ n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合
① a combination of A and B A与B的结合
in combination with 与……结合；与……联合
② combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合；兼做；合并
combine...with/and 把……与……结合起来；兼有……和……
【写作金句】 [外研必修二U1P14]The combination of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist. 辛、咸、甜、酸的混合口味让宫保鸡丁难以抗拒。(推荐信)
do the trick奏效，起作用，达到目的
play a trick/tricks on sb. 戏弄某人
every trick in the book 无所不用其极；浑身解数
the trick of (doing) sth. (做)某事的诀窍/技巧
trick sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事
【写作金句】 [译林选必一U1P2]Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick, not to mention the lovely creamy flavour. 有时只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油的味道了。(推荐信)
association / s si'e n; s i'e n/ n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
① have (no) association with 与……(没)有联系
in association with 与……联合/合伙
② associate vt. 联想，联系；交往
associate...with 把……与……联系在一起
be associated with 与……有联系
associate with sb. 与某人交往
【写作金句】
① [北师选必四U12P65]The ancient Chinese are associated with many important inventions, some of which have changed the world, and many of which we still use today. 中国古代人与许多重要的发明有关，其中一些改变了世界，还有许多至今仍在使用。(中国传统文化)
② In Western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually related to bad luck, but actually there isn't any association between them. 在西方国家，人们常把数字“13”与噩运联系在一起，但实际上它们之间没有任何关联。(跨文化交流)
throw oneself into投身于，热衷于
throw away 扔掉；浪费；失去
throw on 匆匆穿上(衣服)
throw off 匆匆脱掉；摆脱，甩掉
throw up 呕出(食物)
throw cold water on 泼冷水
【写作金句】 [译林选必一U1P6]In the last few weeks, I've thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. 在过去的几周里，我全身心投入到家庭烹饪中，像煮面条或煎牛排等。(个人情况)
impress / m'pres/ vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到
① impress sb. with... ……给某人留下深刻印象
(sb.) be impressed by/with ……给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记；使某人意
识到(重要性或严重性等)；给某人留下深刻印象
What impressed me most is... 给我印象最深的是……
② impression n. 印象；感想
leave/make a (...) impression on sb. 给某人留下(……的)印象
③ impressive adj. 令人赞叹的，令人敬佩的
【写作金句】
① [外研选必三U1P3]It can be an expression of our personalities, helping us make a good and positive impression on others. 它可以表达我们的个性，帮助我们给他人留下良好和积极的印象。(建议信)
② So fantastic are the paintings that I am deeply impressed by the talent of the painters as well as the charm of traditional Chinese culture. 这些画作是如此漂亮，画家的才华和中国传统文化的魅力给我留下了深刻的印象。(宣传稿)
out of this world好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫
out of breath 喘不上气
out of sight 看不见
out of patience 不耐烦，失去耐心
out of control 失控
out of shape 变形的；走样的；身体不好；不健康
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过时
out of place 不合时宜，不恰当
【写作金句】 [译林选必一U1P9]The mooncake is always my favourite because of its satisfying taste that is out of this world and the happy memories it brings to mind. 月饼一直是我的最爱，因为它无与伦比的美味令人心满意足，亦能让人想起美好的回忆。(中国传统文化)
estimate /'est me t/ vt. 估计，估价
/'est m t/ n. 估计；估计的成本
① a rough/conservative estimate 粗略/保守估计
② estimate sth. at 估计……
It is estimated that从句 据估计……
③ overestimate vt. 高估
④ underestimate vt. 低估
【写作金句】 Windy though it was that day, we arrived at the castle which was estimated to be 700 years old. 尽管那天风很大，我们还是到达了这座估计有700年历史的城堡。(情景描写)
essential / 'sen l/ adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的
① be essential to/for 对……是极其重要/必不可少的
It is essential to do sth./that从句 ……是极其重要的。[that从句的谓语要用“(should)＋do”]
② essentially adv. 本质上；根本上；基本上
③ essence n. 本质；实质；精髓
in essence 从本质上讲
【写作金句】 Meanwhile, accepting ourselves helps us realize our strengths, which is essential for setting practical goals. 同时，接受自己有助于我们认识到自己的优势，这对设定切实可行的目标是至关重要的。(主旨升华)
appetite /' p ta t/ n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
spoil one's appetite 影响某人的胃口
have an appetite for 对……有强烈欲望
have no appetite 没有胃口/食欲
loss of appetite 食欲不振
【写作金句】 Compared with his wife who enjoys travelling abroad, Bill has little appetite for foreign travel. 与喜欢出国旅行的妻子相比，比尔对出国旅行没有什么兴趣。(人物描写)
[后练习]
考点1 combination的相关用法
① If he can combine his ability hard work, he should be very successful.
② [译林选必一U2P16]This unique (combine) has made me realize that music is indeed a universal language.
③ Education, (combine) with recreation, is what some film-makers want to put into their films.
④ [写作迁移]只有当一个人的兴趣和工作结合在一起时，他才能从中享受到乐趣。
考点2 do the trick及其拓展短语的相关用法
① One of the problems of old age is that your memory can start to play tricks you.
② He tried to trick the police believing that he had done good deeds.
③ [写作迁移]我不知道究竟是什么起了作用，但我现在感觉确实好多了。(强调句型)
but I'm definitely feeling much better now.
考点3 association的相关用法
① [北师选必一U1P14]I have a never-ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate online.
② [外研选必三U2P30]Yet they did not seek fame, and even today, their great works (associate) more with the imperial court than with them.
③ We are working in (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
④ [写作迁移]据说皮肤癌与日光曝晒之间有联系。
Skin cancer exposure to sun.
考点4 throw oneself into及其拓展短语的相关用法
① Since then, she has completely threw (she) into the voluntary work.
② She entered the room and her wet coat as soon as possible.
③ He feels like what he has eaten all the time.
④ [写作迁移]一到办公室，他就专心致志地为会议做准备。
考点5 impress的相关用法
① (impress) by the magnificent architecture, we couldn't wait to start our exploration.
② The new teacher left a good (impress) on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
③ [译林选必三U2P24]To make your story (impress), you need to give vivid descriptions using your observation and imagination.
④ [写作迁移]给我印象最深的是爱尔兰的民间舞蹈和歌曲，这是艺术节的亮点之一。
， which were one of the highlights of the festival.
考点6 out of this world及其拓展短语的相关用法
① , my mother rushed back home to check the security.
② We eventually ran with his childish behaviour.
③ Thank you so much for allowing me to stay at your house, and I have to say that your cooking is !
④ She can't speak Spanish so she felt a bit among a group of Latin American visitors.
考点7 estimate的相关用法
① [外研选必四U5P74]Lying under waters across the globe are an (estimate) three million shipwrecks.
② The ancient tower is estimated (date) back to the Qing Dynasty.
③ [写作迁移]据估计，到2025年为止，将有2 000多万辆共享自行车投入使用。
will have been put into operation by 2025.
考点8 essential的相关用法
① Sun and water are essential the growth of crops.
② essence, a firm belief is the key to success of revolution.
③ [人教选必二U1P10]Two of the (essence) qualities a scientist needs to have seem to be curiosity and creativity.
④ [写作迁移]众所皆知，学生得到充足的睡眠是极其重要的。
考点9 appetite的相关用法
① [写作迁移]生活在偏远山区的孩子们对知识和外界有着强烈的欲望。
Kids living in remote mountains
.
② [写作迁移]她瘦得皮包骨，因为两年来她一直受食欲不振的折磨。
She is skinny
.
atmosphere /' tm sf (r)/ A. n. 气氛，氛围
B. n. 大气；气体；空气
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师必修一U3P69]From this day, the festival atmosphere builds with increasing excitement.
② Countries all over the world should pay attention to pollution of the atmosphere.
delicate /'del k t/ A. adj. 需要技巧的，需要小心处理的 B. adj. 微妙的 C．adj. 易损的，脆弱的，易碎的
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [外研选必一U6P92]What's more, they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in.
② The delicate surgical operation took five hours.
③ The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body.
bitter /'b t (r)/ A. adj. 味苦的 B. adj. 激烈的 C. adj. 令人难过的，痛苦的 D. adj. 严寒的
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必一U1P9]There is also a bitter taste of coffee but this flavour is not very strong.
② [北师选必四U11P30]He's bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”.
③ Outside, a bitter east wind was accompanied by flurries of snow.
④ The two sides are locked into a bitter dispute.
consume /k n'sju m/ A. vt. 吃，喝，饮 B. vt. 消耗，耗费 C. vt. 烧毁，毁灭
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师选必四U11P37]Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot.
② They were heartbroken when they saw the house consumed by the big fire.
③ This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed.
expand /Ik'sp nd/ A. vt. & vi. 扩大，增加，增强 B. vt. & vi. 扩展，发展(业务) C. vi. 详述，详细阐明
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师选必二U5P31]As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.
② He asked his teacher to expand on the steps of programming.
现在分词短语作伴随状语
【课本原句】 With pleasure, I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma's flat, listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding. 欣欣然，我回忆起那些慵懒的周日午后，那时我常常是在外婆温暖的公寓里，一边听她讲着那些精彩的故事，一边一碗接一碗贪婪地吃着她做的美味的大米布丁。
本句中listening to her wonderful stories和greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding是现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词短语还可以作时间状语、原因状语、让步状语、条件状语、结果状语、方式状语等。
【写作迁移】 用现在分词短语作状语翻译句子
① 他向我们微笑点头，表示一切都好。
② 雨下得很大，造成了那个国家大范围的洪水。
③ 由于缺乏自信，他不敢参加演讲比赛。
sb./sth. be＋过去分词＋动词不定式
【课本原句】 They are believed to have started off
in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold wet winters. 人们认为，火锅始自清末，当时是长江上的船工在湿冷的冬季取暖的一种办法。
①
② 可用于本句型的动词有say、think、believe、expect、report、consider、suppose等。
Sb./Sth. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...to do sth.＝It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...that从句 据说……/人们认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/人们认为……/据推测……
【写作迁移】 同义句转换
① It is believed that Tom has made great contributions to his class.
＝Tom is believed great contributions to his class.
② Our city is reported to hold a Chinese paper-cutting show this Sunday.
＝It is reported a Chinese paper-cutting show this Sunday.
③ It is said that carbon dioxide is warming the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
＝Carbon dioxide the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.[先讲解]
frozen /'fr zn/ adj. 结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的
① be frozen with/in sth. 吓呆；惊呆
② freeze vi. & vt. (使)冻结，结冰；惊呆
freeze to death 冻死
freeze one's blood＝make one's blood freeze 使人恐怖万分；令人毛骨悚然
③ freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的
freezing point 冰点
freezing cold 极冷
【写作金句】 [译林选必三U3P39]Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck. 拉塞尔觉得自己的血液凝固了，但他很快清醒过来，冲向甲板。(细节描写)
contradictory / k ntr 'd kt ri/ adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的
① self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的
② contradict vt. 相抵触；相矛盾；反驳；驳斥
contradict oneself 自相矛盾
③ contradiction n. (说法、观点等)矛盾，不一致
in contradiction to 与……相矛盾/对立
a contradiction between A and B A与B相互矛盾
【写作金句】 [译林选必二U1P3]However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information. 然而，我们通常会发现，关于同一事件的报道包含不同甚至相互矛盾的信息。(投稿)
interpret / n't pr t/ vt. 解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi. 口译
① interpret sth. as 把……理解为……
interpret for sb. 为某人做翻译
② interpretation n. 解释，说明；演绎
③ interpreter n. 口译译员
【写作金句】 I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal. 我不知该把她的沉默看作是接受还是拒绝。(求助信)
reward /r 'w d/ vt. 奖励，奖赏
n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金
① reward sb. with 用……回报某人
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事奖赏某人
② a reward for (doing) sth. 对(做)某事的奖励
③ rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的；报酬高的
④ award vt. 授予，奖励 n. 奖，奖金，奖品
award sb. sth. 授予/奖励某人某物
give sb. an award 给某人颁奖
win/receive/get an award for sth. 因某事赢得/得到/获得奖项
【写作金句】 [人教选必四U3P34]A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the murder. 警方已宣布悬赏500万美元，以获取逮捕谋杀案嫌疑人的信息。(报道)
advocate /' dv ke t/ vt. 拥护，支持，提倡
/' dv k t/ n. 拥护者，支持者，提倡者；辩护律师
① advocate doing sth. 提倡做某事
advocate that sb. (should) do sth. 主张/提倡……
It is advocated that从句 主张/提倡……
② an advocate for/of ……的支持者/拥护者
【写作金句】 We advocated that everyone in our school (should) donate some money to the homeless people. 我们提倡学校里的每个人都给无家可归的人捐一些钱。(倡议书)
belief /b 'li f/ n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心
① There is a general belief that 从句 大家普遍认为……
hold the belief that从句 认为……
beyond belief 令人难以置信
② believe vi. & vt. 相信
believe in 相信
③ believable adj. 可相信的；可信任的
④ unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
【写作金句】 Everything is a bit depressing at the moment, but I hold the belief that good times are just around the corner. 目前一切都有点令人沮丧，但我相信美好的时光就在眼前。(主旨升华)
tolerant /'t l r nt/ adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的
① be tolerant of/towards 对……宽容的；能忍受……
② tolerate (＝put up with) vt. 忍受，容忍，包容
容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
③ tolerance n. 忍受，容忍，宽容
have tolerance for 对……宽容/容忍
【写作金句】 Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinions. 朋友之间应该学会忍受对方恼人的小毛病，并允许意见出现分歧。(主旨升华)
distinguish /d 'st ɡw / vt. & vi. 成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众
① distinguish...from 把……与……区分开
distinguish between...and 区分……和……
distinguish oneself as 使出众；使著名
② distinguished adj. 著名的，卓越的；有尊严的
be distinguished for 因……而闻名
be distinguished as 作为……而闻名
【写作金句】 Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. 阅读好书既能丰富我们的思想又能教我们明辨是非。(主旨升华)
【联想发散】 表示“把……与……区分开”的短语还有tell...from、make a distinction between...and等。
cast /kɑ st/ vt. (cast, cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n. 全体演员；投，抛
① be cast down 沮丧
cast light on 使……较容易理解
cast sb. as... 选派某人演……角色/把某人描写成
② an all-star cast 明星云集的演员阵容
the supporting cast 配角演员
a cast list 演员表
【写作金句】
① The sun casts its golden rays over the calm sea and many citizens come to appreciate the scenery. 太阳在平静的海面上洒下金色的光芒，许多市民前来欣赏风景。(景色描写)
② What makes the film so special are the moving story and the absolutely wonderful cast. 使这部电影如此特别的是它感人的故事和绝对优秀的演员阵容。(影评)
owe / / vt. 欠(情)；欠(债)
① owe sb. sth.＝owe sth. to sb. 欠某人……；归功于某人
owe sb. a favour 欠某人人情
]② owing to 由于，因为
【写作金句】 He owed his achievements to other people's help, which showed his modesty. 他将他的成就归功于他人的帮助，这显示了他的谦虚。(人物描写)
blame /ble m/ vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，指责
n. 责任，责备，指责
① blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) (对坏事)负有责任(用主动形式表示被动意义)
② lay/put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
get the blame 背黑锅
【写作金句】
① [北师选必一U3P52]Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame.
许多科学家说，我们正在进入地球的第六次大灭绝。这一次，人类活动将是罪魁祸首。(倡议书)
② So instead of blaming others, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' shoes. 因此，我们应该多交流并换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(建议信)
[后练习]
考点1 frozen的相关用法
① [外研必修二U1P12]Once a week, we do a big shop and buy a lot of (freeze) food.
② [人教选必二U4P38]Edmonton is (freeze) cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging －10℃.
③ [写作迁移]看到狼朝他走近，那个男孩吓呆了。
Seeing the wolf approaching him,
.
考点2 contradictory的相关用法
① Now you say you both left at ten—that's a (contradict) of your last statement.
② [人教选必二U1P2]In general, doctors in those days had two (contradict) theories to explain how cholera spread.
③ [写作迁移]他的公开演讲与他的个人生活方式直接矛盾。(一句多译)
His public speeches are his personal lifestyle. (contradiction)
His public speeches are his personal lifestyle. (contradictory)
考点3 interpret的相关用法
① [译林选必一U4P56]Experts provide (interpret) of Du Fu's works from different perspectives.
② Given the fact that not everyone here can speak English, we'd better invite an (interpret)．
考点4 reward的相关用法
用reward/award的正确形式填空(①②题)
① After the first prize, he expressed that he would continue to the people and the society with his hard work.
② After my trip, I returned with a souvenir as a for my neighbour's favour.
③ [北师选必三U7P25]Jobs change at an amazing pace these days, and if we can keep up, we can have really exciting and (reward) future careers.
④ [写作迁移]汤姆的好心没有得到任何回报，这使他非常伤心。
考点5 advocate的相关用法
① The public are eager to advocate (reform) the education system.
② The report advocated that all buildings (equip) with smoke alarms.
③ [译林选必二U4P54]The entertainment industry is one of the most enthusiastic (advocate) of VR.
④ [写作迁移]对小孩的良好表现加以及时奖励，这是应受倡导的。
children's good behaviour .
考点6 belief的相关用法
① It is my firm (believe) that only with our joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow.
② [译林必修三U1P5]As a result, most of the forest's nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves, thus allowing them to grow at an (believe) speed.
③ [写作迁移·译林必修二U2P26改]太极拳深深植根于中国的阴阳哲学，中国哲学认为阴和阳是既对立又统一的。
Tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, .
考点7 tolerant的相关用法
① The school cannot tolerate (cheat) in exams, which is a regulation.
② [译林选必一U4P54]This open and (tolerate) atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality.
③ When neighbours want to get along well with each other, they have to show their (tolerate)．
④ [写作迁移]我不能容忍你用这种粗鲁的方式和你妈妈说话。
考点8 distinguish的相关用法
① (distinguish) for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.
② As far as we know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself a great volleyball coach in the world.
③ [写作迁移·外研选必二U6P84]由于无法区分蓝天和玻璃，鸟类以每小时约50公里的速度撞向窗户。
，birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour.
考点9 cast的相关用法
① [写作迁移]研究结论让人们对宇宙的起源有了新认识。
The research findings .
② [写作迁移]他选定她在他最近的一部影片里扮演一名雄心勃勃的律师。
in his latest movie.
考点10 owe的相关用法
① I owe a debt of gratitude all my family, who support me all the time.
② (owe) to the stranger's assistance, we finally succeeded in starting the engine on the way.
③ [写作迁移]当被问及他的成功时，他将其归功于好运，而非智力。
When asked about his success, .
考点11 blame的相关用法
① It is your wife as well as you that is (blame) for the spoiled child.
② The captain blamed himself the team's poor performance.
③ [写作迁移]Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the network.
→ , Alice was in low spirits. (分词作状语)
dimension /da 'men n/ A. n. 方面，侧面
B. n. 规模，程度 C. n. 维 D. n. 尺寸
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Professors took into consideration the economic dimension of the issue.
② We need to know the exact dimensions of the room.
③ [译林选必三U3P29]People believe there are three dimensions of Space—Length, Breadth and Thickness; however, there is a fourth dimension—Time.
④ The city encountered a catastrophe of enormous dimensions.
remote /r 'm t/ A. adj. 偏远的，偏僻的
B．adj. 遥远的，久远的 C．adj. 远亲的
D. adj. 不很友好的，冷漠的 E. adj. 远程的【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [人教选必四U4P38]Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village, home to one of our students, Tombe.
② [人教选必一U2P14]Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners.
③ She looked so beautiful, and at the same time so remote.
④ It is my remote cousin who helps me get over my shyness.
perceive /p 'si v/ A. vt. 注意到 B. vt. 意识到 C. vt. 将……理解为，将……视为
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必四U4P44]The ability to admit this should not be perceived as a weakness, but as a strength.
② [北师选必四U12P53]This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin, which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.
representative / repr 'zent t v/ A. adj. 典型的，有代表性的 B. n. 典型人物，代表性人物
C. n. 代表
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① The singer is regarded as a representative of the youth of her generation.
② Peking Opera is the most influential and representative of all operas in China.
③ [外研选必三U3P44改] In 2017, representatives from Peking University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
allowance / 'la ns/ A. n. 津贴，补助
B. n. 限额 C. n. 零花钱
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① As is required, a baggage allowance of 20 kilos is a must.
② My allowance was sufficient to afford my mum's birthday gift.
grasp /ɡrɑ sp/ A. vt. 抓紧，抓牢 B. vt. 领会，理解 C. n. 理解，领会
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① It is important that people grasp what is going on around them.
② She is ready to grasp any opportunity to expand the business.
③ These complex formulas are beyond the grasp of the average pupils.
claim /kle m/ A. n. 声明，宣称 B. n. 所有权
C. n. 索赔 D. vt. 宣称，声称 E. vt. 要求；索取 F. vt. 获得 G. vt. 夺去
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [人教选必一U2P20]Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.
② [人教必修三U3P29]Over 3,000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
and the series of fires that occurred after it.
③ [人教选必一U5P54]When people present important facts, they usually give some evidence to support their claims.
④ Last time we made a claim on our insurance, they paid up really quickly.
⑤ They had no claim on the land.
as long as引导条件状语从句
【课本原句】 As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort. 只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。
① as/so long as 意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
② 引导条件状语从句的常用短语还有in case (that)(万一……)、on condition that(如果，在……条件下)、provided that(假如……)等。
【写作迁移】 用条件状语从句翻译句子
① 事实证明，只要我们意志坚定，没有什么能打败我们。
② 只要你不违法，你现在可以做任何你想做的事。
