中考英语二轮语法:四大句子种类核心用法+精练精析(含答案)

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名称 中考英语二轮语法:四大句子种类核心用法+精练精析(含答案)
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初中英语语法:四大句子种类核心用法&精练精析
初中英语学习中,句子种类是语法的基础框架 ——无论是写作、阅读还是口语表达,都离不开陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句的灵活运用。很多同学会混淆不同句子的结构、标点和用法,这篇干货将系统梳理,从定义、结构、例句到易错点层层拆解,看完直接就能用在学习中 !
一、陈述句(Declarative Sentence)
1. 核心定义
用来陈述事实、表达观点或说明情况,是最常用的句子类型。
标志:句末用句号(.),语调平稳,不带有强烈情绪。
2. 两大分类 + 结构拆解
肯定句:主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
否定句:主语 + 否定词(not/don’t/doesn’t/haven’t 等) + 谓语 + 其他成分
3. 经典例句(中英对照)
肯定:We have three English classes every week.(我们每周有三节英语课。)
否定:Tom hasn’t read this storybook yet.(汤姆还没读过这本故事书。)
4. 易错点避雷
第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词)作主语,否定句用 doesn’t,后面的实义动词必须用原形。
错误:She doesn’t likes apples.
正确:She doesn’t like apples.
现在完成时的否定:not 要放在助动词 have/has 后面,不是前面。
错误:We not have finished homework.
正确:We haven’t finished homework.
二、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)
1. 核心定义
用来提出问题、寻求回答的句子。
标志:句末用问号( ),语调通常上扬。
2. 四大类型详解
类型 结构特点 例句
一般疑问句 助动词 / 情态动词 / Be 动词提前 Do you like music (你喜欢音乐吗?)
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 Where do you live (你住在哪里?)
选择疑问句 一般疑问句 + or + 选择项 Do you want tea or coffee (你要茶还是咖啡?)
反意疑问句 陈述句 + 简短疑问(肯否相反) He is tall, isn’t he (他很高,不是吗?)
3. 关键规则必背
高频特殊疑问词:what(什么)、who(谁)、whose(谁的)、where(哪里)、when(何时)、why(为什么)、how(如何)、how many(接可数复数)、how much(接不可数)
反意疑问句 “三一致”:主语一致、时态一致、肯否相反
例:Lucy likes swimming, doesn’t she (Lucy 喜欢游泳,不是吗?)
例:They won’t come early, will they (他们不会早来,对吗?)
三、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)
1. 核心定义
用来提出请求、发出命令、给出建议或警告的句子。
标志:主语通常是 you(常省略),句末用句号(.)或感叹号(!)。
2. 三大类型
肯定祈使句:动词原形 + 其他成分(Open the window. 开窗。)
否定祈使句:Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他成分(Don’t eat in class. 别在课堂上吃东西。)
委婉祈使句:Please + 动词原形 / Could you + 动词原形(Could you help me 你能帮我吗?)
3. 语气调节小技巧
加 please(放句首更正式,放句末更随意):Please turn off the light. / Turn off the light, please.(请关灯。)
用感叹号强化语气(警告 / 紧急情况):Look out!(小心!)/ Don’t touch it!(别碰它!)
4. 易错点提醒
否定祈使句只能用 Don’t 开头,不能用 Doesn’t/Didn’t。
错误:Doesn’t run in the street.
正确:Don’t run in the street.
let 开头的祈使句(表 “让我们”):
肯定:Let’s go shopping this weekend.(我们这周末去购物吧。)
否定:Let’s not go shopping.(我们别去购物了。)
四、感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)
1. 核心定义
用来表达喜悦、惊讶、愤怒、赞美等强烈感情的句子。
标志:句末用感叹号(!),语调由高到低。
2. 两大核心句型(必考!)
What 型:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
例:What a beautiful flower it is!(多美的花啊!)
How 型:How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
例:How fast he runs!(他跑得真快啊!)
3. 拓展用法(口语 / 写作加分)
省略主语和谓语(简洁有力):What a pity!(真遗憾!)/ How amazing!(太神奇了!)
修饰不可数名词 / 复数名词(不用 a/an):What delicious bread!(多美味的面包啊!)/ What kind people they are!(他们真是善良的人啊!)
4. 易混淆点区分
核心判断:看 “中心词”—— 中心词是名词 → What;中心词是形容词 / 副词 → How
例:What a nice dress!(中心词 dress 是名词)
例:How nice the dress is!(中心词 nice 是形容词)
强化训练
一、选择题(选出最佳答案)
Which of the following is a declarative sentence ( )
A.Don’t open the window!
B. How beautiful the park is!
C.She will visit her grandma tomorrow.
D.Have you finished your homework
2.—______ is your favorite subject —English.( )
A. What B. Who C. Where D. When
3.______ late for school again, Tom!( )
A. Don’t be B. Doesn’t be C. Not be D. Be not
4.______ interesting storybook it is!( )
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
5.He didn’t go to the party yesterday, ______ ( )
A. did he B. didn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he
6.Which sentence is an interrogative sentence ( )
A. Please pass me the pen. B. They have two dogs.
C. Is there a bank near here D. What a lovely cat!
7.______ quiet in the library.( )
A. Keep B. Keeps C. Keeping D. To keep
8.—______ do you go to the cinema —Once a month.( )
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How many
9.______ sad news it is!( )
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
10.She can play the guitar, ______ she can’t sing.( )
A. and B. but C. so D. or
11.______ you please tell me the way to the station ( )
A. Could B. Do C. Does D. Did
12.Which is a negative declarative sentence ( )
A. I like reading novels. B. He isn’t good at math.
C. Where are you going D. Let’s go hiking.
13.______ fast he runs!( )
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
14.—Do you like tea ______ coffee —Coffee.( )
A. and B. but C. or D. so
15.They have lived here for 5 years, ______ ( )
A. haven’t they B. have they C. don’t they D. do they
16.______ not talk with your mouth full.( )
A. Do B. Does C. Don’t D. Not
17.—______ is your father —He is a doctor.( )
A. What B. Who C. How D. Where
18.______ a clever girl she is!( )
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
19.Which sentence is an imperative sentence ( )
A. I will go to Beijing tomorrow. B. Are you happy today
C. Don’t eat too much sugar. D. How exciting the game is!
20.He never plays computer games on weekdays, ______ ( )
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. is he D. isn’t he
二、填空题(按要求完成句子)
She ______ (not like) bananas.(否定陈述句)
______ (be) there a bookstore near your home (一般疑问句)
______ (open) the door, please.(肯定祈使句)
______ ______ (what /beautiful) flowers they are!(感叹句)
Tom finished his homework, ______ he (反意疑问句)
We ______ (visit) our teacher next Sunday.(肯定陈述句)
______ you ______ (like) swimming (一般疑问句)
______ ______ (don’t /run) in the classroom.(否定祈使句)
______ ______ (how /fast) she swims!(感叹句)
They can’t speak French, ______ they (反意疑问句)
My mother ______ (cook) dinner every evening.(肯定陈述句)
______ ______ (when /you) will come to see me (特殊疑问句)
______ ______ (could /you) please help me with my English (委婉祈使句)
______ ______ (what /a) interesting film we watched!(感叹句)
She has never been to Shanghai, ______ she (反意疑问句)
He ______ (not go) to school yesterday.(否定陈述句)
______ ______ (how many /book) do you have (特殊疑问句)
______ ______ (let /we) go to the park this afternoon.(祈使句)
______ ______ (how /happy) the children are!(感叹句)
There is some water in the bottle, ______ there (反意疑问句)
三、判断对错题(对的打√,错的打 ×)
He doesn’t plays football on weekends.( )
What a lovely dog!( )
Do you like apples or pears —Yes, I like apples.( )
Let’s not to be late for class.( )
She is a student, isn’t she ( )
How a tall building it is!( )
They will go to Beijing, don’t they ( )
Don’t smoking here.( )
I have two sisters.(肯定陈述句)( )
What delicious food are they!( )
答案与详细解析
一、选择题答案
1.C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B
A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A
关键解析
3 题:否定祈使句结构为 “Don’t + 动词原形”,be late 是固定搭配。
4 题:interesting 是元音音素开头,用 what an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数。
8 题:询问频率用 how often,答语是 “每月一次”。
17 题:询问职业用 what,答语是 “医生”。
二、填空题答案
1.doesn’t like 2. Is 3. Open 4. What beautiful 5. didn’t
will visit /are going to visit 7. Do; like 8. Don’t run 9. How fast 10. can
cooks 12. When will 13. Could you 14. What an 15. has
didn’t go 17. How many books 18. Let’s 19. How happy 20. isn’t
关键解析
1 题:主语 she 是第三人称单数,否定句用 doesn’t + 动词原形。
14 题:interesting 元音音素开头,用 what an + 可数名词单数。
17 题:how many 后接可数名词复数,book 的复数是 books。
三、判断对错题答案
× 2. √ 3. × 4. × 5. √ 6. × 7. × 8. × 9. √ 10. ×
关键解析
1 题:doesn’t 后接动词原形,plays 应改为 play。
3 题:选择疑问句不能用 Yes/No 回答,应直接选一个选项。
8 题:Don’t 后接动词原形,smoking 应改为 smoke。
10 题:food 是不可数名词,应用 what delicious food it is!
学习小贴士
1.记结构不如记例句:每个类型背 3-5 个经典例句,做题时直接 “套用”。
2.注意标点符号:语法没错但标点用错会扣分,牢记各句型对应标点。
3.多做转换练习:把陈述句改成疑问句、感叹句,强化对结构的理解。
4.英语句子的学习就像搭积木,先掌握这四大基础类型,后续学习复合句、从句时会更轻松,考前翻一翻,语法考点不迷路!