英语 必修 第二册 WY
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
一、阅读单词
1.surfing n. 冲浪(运动)
2.plastic adj. 塑料制的
3.factor n. 因素，要素
4.twist n. (形势或事态的)意外转折
二、核心单词
1.represent v. 代表，表示
2.basis n. 基础；根据
3.equipment n. 装备，设备，用具
4.defend v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫
5.soldier n. 士兵，军人
6.conflict n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争
三、拓展单词(可查字典)
1.death n. 死，死亡→die vi. 死亡；灭亡；渴望→dying adj. 临终的；临死的→dead adj. 死的→deadly adj. 致命的 adv. 极其；非常
2.assure v. 向……保证，使确信→assurance n. 保证；担保
四、熟词生义
1.goal 熟义：n. 目标；目的
生义：n. 球门；射门；进球得分
2.content 熟义：adj. 满意的
生义：n. 满意，满足；内容；目录 vt. 使满足
五、核心短语
to__one's__heart's__content 尽情地；心满意足地
课文三维剖析
A Game for the World
全世界都热爱的运动
These days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Given that1 Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that2 it is also the most popular sport out of this world! The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game3using a ball4 of animal skins with hair inside. Goals were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules. 足球是现今世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！足球的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。当时这种运动称为蹴鞠(意为“以脚踢球”)，使用的球是由动物皮革填充毛发制成的，而球门是悬挂在半空中的。我们所熟知的现代足球始于英国，在那里这项运动被赋予了新的规则。 That5 football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. It is also a game that6 is very cheap to play. You don't need expensive equipment；even the ball doesn't have to cost much money. All over the world you can see kids playing7 to their hearts' content with a ball made of plastic bags; just like Pelé did when8 he was a boy. 足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因。它也是一项花费很少的运动，不需要什么昂贵的设备，连球也不会花费太多钱。在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们心满意足地踢着用塑料袋团成的球——贝利小时候也就是那样的。 Another factor behind football's global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people9. You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players—how10 they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see—or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist11. 足球得以风靡世界的另一个因素是(这种运动)在球场上展示出来的创造力和激动人心的氛围。其精彩程度足以吸引数以百万计的人。你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的球技有多么好——他们运用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。 What's more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate12: it does not require words, but everyone understands it. It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field. Take, for example, the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War Ⅰhad broken out months before, but13 British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember14 during years of conflict. 此外，足球还成为了人们最好的沟通方式之一：无需话语，但是人人都能理解。足球打破隔阂，将赛场内外的人们凝聚在一起。以1914年圣诞节那场著名的足球赛为例，虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了数月，但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支，一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和平一刻。 “Some people believe football is a matter of life and death, ...” said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. “I can assure you it is much, much more important than that.” This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth to realise15that16 our planet is shaped like a football. “有些人认为足球事关生死，……”著名的足球运动员和教练比尔·香克利曾这样说过，“我可以向你保证，足球比生死要重要得多。”这句话听起来也许有点儿夸张，但是只要想想地球，你就会意识到原来我们的星球跟足球的形状一样呢。 1引导原因状语从句，given that意为“鉴于，考虑到” 2引导宾语从句 3作cuju (kick ball)的同位语 4现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a__game 5引导主语从句 6引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰a__game 7现在分词作宾语补足语 8引导时间状语从句 9不定式短语作结果状语 10引导主语从句 11现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a__game 12不定式作后置定语 13连接两个并列分句 14不定式作后置定语 15不定式作结果状语 16引导宾语从句
阅读领悟
一、阅读课文并填空
二、问题链
1.What did the earliest football look like？
A__ball__made__of__animal__skins__with__hair__inside.
2.Why did the soldiers put down their guns during the World War Ⅰ？
Because__they__wanted__to__play__football__together.
探究一 高频词
1．represent v. 代表，表示；描绘；描述；声称；体现；说明(教材P34)
→representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n. 代表，代表性人物 →representation n. 代表；表现；描绘；象征 (1)represent ... as ... 把……描绘成…… represent sb/oneself as/to be ... 宣称某人/自己为…… represent sth to sb＝represent to sb sth 向某人说明/传达某事 (2)a representative of ... 是……的代表；代表着…… be representative of ... 代表着……；是……的代表
【语境感知】
①In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
下午，您将和我们的一些学生代表去参观海河，欣赏那里的美景。(邀请信)
②Her daughter is very clever and often represented as a genius.
她女儿很聪明，常被称为天才。
③He represented himself to be a friend of my father's, but now we know the truth.
他自称是我父亲的朋友，但现在我们知道真相了。
④The mansion is quite representative of Spanish art.
这幢大厦充分代表了西班牙艺术。
represent 作“向……描述/表达”讲时，不能直接跟“人”作宾语，常用结构为“represent sth to sb”或“represent to sb sth”。有类似用法的单词还有explain, suggest, announce, guarantee等。
【靶向小练】
①I represent to him that it will be dangerous to do what he suggested.
②Representing (represent) our school, I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
③She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.
④茶文化是传统文化的代表，具有巨大的魅力和价值。(历史文化)
Tea__culture__is__a__representative__of__traditional__culture,__which is of great charm and huge value.
2．basis n. 基础；根据(教材P35)
→base n. 基础；基地 vt. 以……为基础 →basic adj. 基本的 →basically adv. 大体上；基本上；总的来说 (1)on the basis of 以……为基础；在……基础上 on a regular basis 经常，定期地 on a daily basis 每天 (2)base ... on ... 把……建立在……基础上 be based on/upon ... 以……为基础/依据
【语境感知】
①We're going to have a meeting there on a regular basis.
我们将定期在那儿召开会议。
②He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the police.
他的结论建立在警方提供的证据上。
③The movie is based on/upon the popular novel of the same name.
这部电影是以同名人气小说为基础(改编)的。(电影评论)
【靶向小练】
①This experience teaches me a lesson: Never judge a person simply on the basis of the first impression.
②Based (base) on the quantity you need, we can allow you a big discount.
③Exercising on a daily basis (base) is of great help to you if you want to concentrate on your work.
④真正的友谊的基础是信任。
The__basis__of__a__true__friendship__is__trust.
⑤我根据自己的经验做出了这个决定。
On__the__basis__of__my__own__experience,__I__made__this__decision.
3．equipment n. [U] 装备，设备，用具(教材P35)
→equip v. 装备，配备；使有所准备；使有能力 (1)a piece of equipment 一件设备 (2)equip sb to do sth 使某人能做某事 equip ... with ... 用……装备……；为……配备…… be equipped with ... 配备有…… equip sb for ... 使某人为……做好准备；使某人能胜任…… be well/poorly equipped 装备精良/较差
【语境感知】
①The course aims to equip people with the skills necessary for a job in this technological age.
本课程旨在使人们在这个技术时代具备工作所必需的技能。
②Our school is equipped with advanced teaching equipment.
我们学校配备有先进的教学设备。
③A good education should equip you for life.
良好的教育能使你受用终生。
【靶向小练】
①I have been busy repairing all the broken office equipment (equip)．
②The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
③It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to__speak (speak)．
④He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.
→Equipped__with__much__experience__in__teaching,__he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词作状语)
→Equipping__himself__with__much__experience__in__teaching,__he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词作状语)
4．defend v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫；辩护(教材P35)
→defence n. 防御；保卫 (1)defend ... from/against ... 防御/保护……以免受……的侵害 (2)in defence of ... 为了保卫/辩护…… (a) defence against 对……的防御
【语境感知】
①White blood cells help defend the body against infection.
白细胞有助于保护身体免受感染。
②They took up arms in defence of their country.
他们拿起武器保卫祖国。
【靶向小练】
①The high wall was built as a defence (defend) against enemies.
②He gave his life in defence of his country.
③The frightened mother held out her umbrella to defend her son and herself from/against the fierce dog.
④应该训练孩子保护自己免遭某些交通事故的伤害。(建议信)
Children should be trained to__defend__themselves__from/against__some__traffic__accidents. (defend)
＝Children should be trained in__the__defence__against__some__traffic__accidents. (defence)
探究二 拓展词
5．death n. 死，死亡→die vi. 死亡；灭亡；渴望→dying adj. 临终的；临死的→dead adj. 死的→deadly adj. 致命的 adv. 极其；非常
【语境感知】
The dying soldier got a deadly wound of a bullet. He opened his eyes for a moment and then lay on the ground, dead. He died for his country, and it is a worthy death.
那位垂死的士兵受到了致命的枪伤。他睁开眼睛片刻，然后躺在地上，死了。他为国捐躯，死得其所。
【靶向小练】
①I'm dying to__know (know) what happened because it was so strange.
②Some snakes are deadly (die), so we should keep away from them.
③Another 97 passengers were found dead (die) in the ship which sank off the coast.
④别介意这次失败，考虑到你还年轻，这不是多么了不起的事情。
Don't mind the failure and given that you are still young, it's__not__a__matter__of__life__and__death．
探究三 熟词生义
6．goal [熟义]n. 目标；目的 [生义]n. 球门；射门；进球得分
【语境感知】
①He continued to pursue his goal of becoming an actor.
他继续追求他成为演员的目标。
②He headed the ball into an open goal.
他把球顶入了无人防守的球门。
③Taylor scored a superb goal at the end of the first half.
泰勒在上半场结束时以一个高超进球得分。
【靶向小练】
①France won by six scores to two against Denmark.汉意：得分 同义词：goals
②就我个人而言，我曾经尝试有效的方法来实现我的学术目标。
Personally, I used to try effective methods to achieve__my__academic__goals.
7．content [熟义]adj. 满意的 [生义]n. 满意，满足；内容；目录 vt. 使满足
【语境感知】
①My parents are content to live in the country, where the air is fresh and clean.
我父母喜欢住在乡下，那里的空气清新干净。
②She dropped her purse and the contents fell out on the floor.
她弄掉了钱包，里面的东西撒落在地上。
③It is advisable to look at the contents page of a book before buying it.
建议买书前先看一看目录页。
【靶向小练】
①I am satisfied to admire the mountains from below.汉意：满意的 同义词：content
②Those will surely make no difference in life. They content themselves with their present situations.(合并升级为定语从句；content adj.)
→Those who__are__content__with__their__present__situations will surely make no difference in life.
探究四 长难句分析
8．Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！(教材P34) 想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！
【分析】 句中的Given that意为“考虑到，鉴于”，引导原因状语从句；say后是一个that引导的宾语从句。
其他引导原因状语从句的单词或短语： (1)because, since, as (2)considering (that) 考虑到，鉴于 (3)seeing that ... 鉴于，考虑到；既然 (4)now that 由于；既然 (5)in that 因为；由于；就在于
【语境感知】
①Given that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
鉴于他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已经做得很好了。
②Seeing that I am awake, I might as well come with you.
既然我醒了，我还是和你一起去吧。
③Now that we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour.
既然我们都是地球村的一部分，人人都成了邻居。
④She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.
她很幸运，因为她有朋友帮助她。
【靶向小练】
①Seeing (see) that it is eight o'clock, we'll wait no longer.
②I was impressed that she found the way here, considering (consider) she'd only been here once before.
③我花钱通常是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多，我必须这样做。
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, now/in/given__that__I__don't__earn__that__much．
＝Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, because/since/as__I__don't__earn__that__much．
＝Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, seeing/considering__that__I__don't__earn__that__much.
9．That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.(教材P35) 足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因。
【分析】 句中“That football is such a simple game to play”为that引导的主语从句。
(1)that在主语从句中不充当成分，也没有含义，但通常不能省略 (2)that从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置 常用it作形式主语的句型： (1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious/true/wonderful/possible/certain, etc.)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(词组)(no wonder/an honour/a pity/a fact, etc.)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/believed/reported/thought/expected, etc.)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(短语)(happens/turns out, etc.)＋that 从句
【语境感知】
①That our team had won the first prize made us very happy.
我们队获得了第一名，这使我们很高兴。(日记)
②The couple had both gone to work, so it was strange that someone was over there.
这对夫妇都去上班了，所以有人在那边是很奇怪的。
③It's a pity that he didn't accept the job.
他没有接受那份工作真可惜。
④It was reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.
据报道，这起事故中没有乘客受伤。
⑤It happens that I have her phone number.
碰巧我有她的电话号码。
【靶向小练】
①Personally, that we have a lot in common with each other counts among friends.
②It was__reported (report) that several people had been arrested.
③他对所发生的事感兴趣是很自然的。
It__is__natural__that__he__is__interested__in__what__happens.
④原来她和她的老师同名。
It__turned__out__that__she__and__her__teacher__shared__the__same__name.
Ⅰ.写出单词
1．A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity (流行) worldwide.
2．I always check the contents (目录) first when I get a new textbook.
3．Stress is often a factor (因素) in the development of long term sickness.
4．The plot of the movie has a twist (意外转折) in the end.
5．In the last minute of the game, he took a long shot and scored a beautiful goal (射门)．
6．A plastic chair is much lighter than a wooden one.
7．Surfing is the sport of riding on waves.
8．There is a conflict between his work and family life.
9．It's amazing how quickly he learned to speak a new language.
10．As is known to all, protecting the country is the duty of a soldier．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He bought some books to__read (read) during the vacation.
2．When the teacher left the classroom, chaos broke out among the students.
3．Actually, he is quite content to__have (have) his own room at home.
4．She began her professional (profession) career as a nursery school teacher.
5．The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence (defend) of their country.
6．The king is represented as a villain in the play.
7．There are two main sets of Games—the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis.
8．A basic two hour first aid course would equip you to__deal (deal) with any of these incidents.
9．He got up early to catch the first bus, only to__find (find) it had been cancelled.
10．The students working (work) hard for the exam will surely get good results.
Ⅲ.语段填词
1．The red cross on the flag represents help. It helps when things are bad. A representative of the charity group is wearing a red－cross vest. He will say how they help others. (represent)
2．The photographer wants to equip his studio with the latest cameras.The advanced equipment in the studio allows him to take amazing photos. (equip)
3．The old tree died last winter, its dead branches now a reminder of its life. The locals honored its death with a simple ceremony. (die)
4．This research paper provides a basis for further study. In our first－year course, we learn basic knowledge that is built on it. (base)
5．The teacher assured the students that the exam would not be too difficult.After hearing the teacher's assurance,__the students felt much more relaxed. (assure)
Ⅳ.翻译
1．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman to__get__the__Nobel__Prize (得到诺贝尔奖)．
2．It is every soldier's duty to defend__our__country__from/against__enemies (保卫我们的国家抵御敌人)．
3．On the weekend, he played video games to__his__heart's__contents__without__any__worry (毫无顾虑地)．
4．他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。(that引导主语从句)
That__he__finished__writing__the__composition__in__such__a__short__time__surprised__us__all.
5．考虑到你已经尽力了，我们决定再给你一次机会。(given that引导原因状语从句)
Given__that__you__tried__your__best,__we__decided__to__give__you__another__chance.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
Hang your tongue out of your mouth while your eyes look upwards. Breathe loudly and use your hands to pull your head in every way. This is yoga (瑜伽) for your face.
Fumiko Takatsu, creator of the Face Yoga Method, has written six books on face yoga and has been practicing facial exercises for about 15 years. Takatsu, 50, said she came up with the idea of facial exercises after a car accident when she was 35 years old, which left her face out of its proper position. Around the same time, Takatsu said she began to notice signs of aging, but gave up using creams and beauty treatments after they became too expensive.
Koko Hayashi, 39, a face yoga instructor in Los Angeles, said she first heard of face yoga by discovering Takatsu's work. Hayashi said she had a chin implant (下巴植入体) when she was 27 years old, but took it out because it misshaped her face. “That's why I'm so interested in more natural beauty instead of plastic surgery (整形手术)，” Hayashi said. Like others who practice facial exercises, Hayashi believes it can fix signs of aging and help reduce wrinkles (皱纹)．
The question that often pops up when someone mentions face yoga is, “Does it actually work？” A study out of Northwestern University found that the exercises may help middle aged women.
“This is a pilot study that suggests that there might be some factors of facial exercise that can be helpful to at least certain patients in improving certain signs of aging，” said Dr Murad Alam from Northwestern University. “But we need more studies to better understand exactly how much exercise is necessary to have any benefit, whether it works for men and women of different ages, and then how much exercise is needed to keep that benefit.”
Medical reporter Dr Jennifer Ashton said that she is not sure whether face yoga works and that any benefits are most likely going to be up to the person trying it. “If you feel better after trying face yoga, it may be something you should keep doing，” she said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Fumiko Takatsu (高富美子)创立的面部瑜伽法及其影响。
1．What made Takatsu decide to create the Face Yoga Method
A．An unexpected car accident.
B．Great interest in doing yoga.
C．Unaffordable beauty treatments.
D．Unsatisfactory effects of creams.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“she came up with ... out of its proper position”可知，Takatsu在35岁的时候遭遇了一场车祸，这使她萌生了进行面部锻炼的想法，随后便创造了面部瑜伽法。故选A。
2．What do we know about Hayashi
A．She wrote a book about face yoga.
B．She followed in Takatsu's footsteps.
C．She had a plastic surgery two years ago.
D．She had always admired natural beauty.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Koko Hayashi ... discovering Takatsu's work.”及“That's why I'm so interested in more natural beauty”可知，Koko Hayashi (林鼓子)是一位面部瑜伽教练，在发现Takatsu的作品后了解到面部瑜伽，并开始崇尚自然美。由此可推知，Hayashi是效仿Takatsu开始练习和教授面部瑜伽的。故选B。
3．What can be inferred from Alam's words
A．The study is helpful but more research is needed.
B．Face yoga is more suitable for women than men.
C．Face yoga needs too much exercise to bring benefits.
D．The study is well designed but the findings are worthless.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中来自西北大学的Murad Alam (穆拉德·阿拉姆)博士说的“This is a pilot study ... signs of aging”以及“But we need ... have any benefit”可知，尽管他们的研究表明面部锻炼可能对某些患者有帮助，但是仍需更多的研究来更好地了解面部瑜伽的益处。故选A。
4．What does Ashton think of face yoga
A．Its key point is keeping exercising.
B．It can stop all kinds of signs of aging.
C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
D．Its effectiveness depends on personal feelings.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段Jennifer Ashton (詹妮弗·阿什顿)博士说的“she is not sure ... the person trying it”可知，Ashton 认为，面部瑜伽是否有效取决于尝试者自己的个人感受。故选D。
Ⅱ 完形填空
After graduation, I decided to take the gym seriously. Accompanied by a friend, I __1__ a routine of walking on the treadmill (跑步机). I was __2__ with our routine in the gym. My friend, however, became bored.
One day, he suggested that we __3__ an outdoor sport. I was an uncoordinated (动作不协调的) person, so I __4__ his idea.
But several weeks later, he managed to __5__ me to step onto an outdoor racquetball (美式壁球) court. When I hit the ball, I sent it flying in every direction except the direction that I had __6__. Still, somehow, I tried hard to learn it and became __7__ after constantly practicing.
“We're not getting enough __8__ on the treadmill. Why not play tennis to build up our body？” suggested my friend.
“Tennis I can't play tennis! That __9__ real skills！” I firmly resisted (抵制) his new __10__．
However, weeks later, I started playing tennis. After several months of painful practice, one day, as the ball came flying towards me, my racket and the ball met in what tennis players __11__ as the “sweet spot”. I had __12__ learned how to play tennis properly!
I learned a valuable __13__ from these experiences: I can do whatever I set my mind on. I just need to put in efforts, and the results will __14__. And I become quite __15__ about trying new things and I'm always filled with a sense of excitement.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是一个动作不协调的人，但经过自己的不断努力，最后掌握了美式壁球和网球的运动技巧。作者借此告知我们：有志者，事竟成。
1．A.started B．changed
C．quit D．designed
答案：A
解析：start 开始；change 改变；quit 退出；design 设计。根据上文“I decided to take the gym seriously”可知，作者决定认真健身，因此此处指开始在跑步机上行走。故选A。
2．A.confident B．familiar
C．content D．careful
答案：C
解析：confident自信的；familiar熟悉的；content满意的；careful小心的。根据下文“My friend, however, became bored.”可知，上下文为转折关系，作者的朋友感到无聊，而作者感到满意。故选C。
3．A.focus on B．take up
C．make up D．check in
答案：B
解析：focus on 专注于；take up 开始从事；make up 组成；check in 登记入住。根据上文“My friend, however, became bored.”可知，作者的朋友对健身房的锻炼感到无聊，因此提出了建议，希望两人开始一项户外运动。故选B。
4．A.refused B．supported
C．revised D．admired
答案：A
解析：refuse 拒绝；support 支持；revise 修订；admire 钦佩。根据上文“I was an uncoordinated (动作不协调的) person”可知，作者认为自己动作不协调，因此拒绝了他的建议。故选A。
5．A.remind B．attract
C．request D．persuade
答案：D
解析：remind 提醒；attract 吸引；request 请求；persuade 说服。根据上文内容可知，作者拒绝了朋友提出的开始户外运动的建议，再根据“But”可知，上下文是转折关系，由此可知，作者被朋友说服了。故选D。
6．A.imagined B．wanted
C．scheduled D．arranged
答案：B
解析：imagine 想象；want 想要；schedule 安排；arrange 筹划。根据上文“flying in every direction except”可推知，作者此时击球并不成功，击出的球不按自己想要的方向飞。故选B。
7．A.fluent B．impressive
C．curious D．skillful
答案：D
解析：fluent 流利的；impressive 令人印象深刻的；curious 好奇的；skillful 熟练的。根据上文“I tried hard to learn it”和下文“after constantly practicing”可推知，在努力学习，不断练习后，作者掌握了这项运动，变得熟练。故选D。
8．A.exercise B．adventure
C．movement D．time
答案：A
解析：exercise 锻炼；adventure 冒险；movement 移动；time 时间。根据下文“Why not play tennis to build up our body？”可知，作者的朋友建议打网球来锻炼身体，因此他认为在跑步机上并不能得到充分的锻炼。故选A。
9．A.includes B．explores
C．improves D．requires
答案：D
解析：include 包括；explore 探索；improve 改善；require 需要。此处指打网球需要真正的技巧。故选D。
10．A.behaviour B．strategy
C．suggestion D．goal
答案：C
解析：behaviour 行为；strategy 策略；suggestion 建议；goal 目标。根据上文“suggested my friend”可知，此处指朋友新的建议，suggestion和上文suggested相呼应。故选C。
11．A.view B．comment
C．doubt D．express
答案：A
解析：view 看待；comment 评论；doubt 怀疑；express 表达。根据上文“tennis players”和下文“as the ‘sweet spot’”可推知，这是被网球运动员看作“最佳击球点”的地方。故选A。
12．A.obviously B．formally
C．finally D．actually
答案：C
解析：obviously 明显地；formally 正式地；finally 最终；actually 实际上。根据上文作者一开始抵制朋友打网球的建议，但几周之后还是开始进行这一运动，而且在几个月后学会了打网球，因此此处指作者最终学会了如何正确打网球。故选C。
13．A.lecture B．lesson
C．message D．responsibility
答案：B
解析：lecture 讲座；lesson 经验，教训；message 消息；responsibility 责任。根据下文“I can do whatever I set my mind on.”可推知，作者在描述从这些经历中学到的宝贵经验。故选B。
14．A.flash B．contact
C．follow D．narrow
答案：C
解析：flash 闪光；contact 联系；follow 跟随；narrow 变窄。根据上文作者努力练习美式壁球和网球，最后掌握了运动技巧可知，此处指努力后，结果会随之而来。故选C。
15．A.calm B．positive
C．confused D．interested
答案：B
解析：calm 冷静的；positive 积极的；confused 困惑的；interested 感兴趣的。根据下文“I'm always filled with a sense of excitement”可知，作者总是充满兴奋感，因此是对尝试新事物变得积极，be positive about “对……积极”。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
It is true that festivals are important. Festivals provide an opportunity to create new memories. Different cultures have different festivals, __1__ the joy and excitement are the same. For adults, celebrations are a way of taking a break from dull routines. For kids, this is the perfect time __2__ (learn) and enrich their lives with knowledge.
Festivals play a significant role in a __3__ (child) life. While being a part of celebrations, children experience occasions that bring them happiness and create great memories. Additionally, every festival has a rich backstory, __4__ has numerous lessons and values to teach. Historical and geographical contexts related to festivals explain why we celebrate festivals __5__ specific customs.
Celebrations bring people together. They help develop community pride and contribute to the __6__ (belief) and feelings of togetherness. Thus, festivals are a significant time for kids to connect with extended families, neighbors, and community members. Kids learn the importance of unity when they __7__ (active) participate and contribute to making the celebration __8__ (success)．
Festivals are a good opportunity for kids to meet people from all walks of life. As a result, children can learn different characters of social behavior by __9__ (talk) with the people around them. During these times, kids get a chance to meet new friends. Moreover, there __10__ (be) plenty of opportunities for kids to exchange thoughts and these interactions will help them develop social skills.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了节日的意义和作用。
1．答案：but/yet
解析：考查连词。句意：不同的文化有不同的节日，但欢乐和兴奋是相同的。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，应用并列连词but或yet连接。故填but/yet。
2．答案：to learn
解析：考查非谓语动词。名词time后应用不定式作后置定语，time to do ... 意为“做……的时间”。故填to learn。
3．答案：child's
解析：考查名词。表示“孩子的生活”，应用名词所有格child's作定语，修饰名词life。故填child's。
4．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为backstory，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
5．答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：与节日相关的历史和地理背景解释了为什么我们用特定的习俗来庆祝节日。表示“用……”，应用介词with。故填with。
6．答案：beliefs
解析：考查名词。句意：它们有助于培养社区自豪感，促进团结的信念和感觉。设空处与feelings是并列关系，用名词作contribute to的宾语，belief意为“信念”，且为可数名词，应用复数。故填beliefs。
7．答案：actively
解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词participate，应用副词actively，意为“积极地”。故填actively。
8．答案：successful
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作使役动词making后宾语the celebration的补足语，应用形容词。故填successful。
9．答案：talking
解析：考查非谓语动词。介词by后应用动名词作宾语。故填talking。
10．答案：are
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；there be句型的主语为复数名词opportunities，谓语动词也应用复数。故填are。
精深阅读
Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise now.
Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1，000 times thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories (卡路里)．
In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.
But what if you are afraid of the water No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn't require any special skills. You don't even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is fit for everyone.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的锻炼方式：水中运动。
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The advantages of aquatic exercise.
B．Weight change of one's body.
C．Difference between land and water.
D．The ways to do exercise on land.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，水中运动比陆地上的运动更轻松，比跑步或散步对膝盖更好，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。由此可知，第二段介绍了水中运动的优点。故选A。
2．What do most people think of aquatic exercise
A．Difficult. B．Dangerous.
C．Relaxing. D．Boring.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water.”可知，大多数人觉得水中运动令人感到轻松。故选C。
3．According to the passage, what is aquatic exercise
A．It is done in groups.
B．It is fit for everyone.
C．It is difficult to learn.
D．It is done with special skills.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Aquatic exercise is fit for everyone.”可知，水中运动适合每个人。故选B。
4．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage
A．Culture. B．Health.
C．Nature. D．Travel.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一种新的锻炼方式——水中运动，由此可推知，我们可能会在杂志的健康版块读到这篇文章。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．burn v. 燃烧
2．relaxed adj. 轻松的
3．quiet adj. 安静的
4．require v. 需要；要求
5．special adj. 特殊的；特别的
(二)高频短语
6．a kind of 一种
7．as__a__result 结果，因此
8．in control of 控制
9．be__afraid__of 害怕
10．be__fit__for__... 适合……
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．My two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others.
12．The paper provides a detailed information of how to__create (create) a balanced diet in daily life.
13．She trained five times a week at her local swimming (swim) pool.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．To be fit, one should do enough physical activities.健康的
15．The wind was blowing and the fog seemed to be getting thicker.更浓厚的
16．Your luggage must be weighed before it is put on the aircraft. 称重
(五)用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
have to, afraid, special
17．But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something particular. special
18．I am frightened of walking home alone in the dark.afraid
19．We must stop him from going to swim in the river. have__to
(六)长难句分析
20．To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard.
句意：要在水中移动，你的身体必须付出四倍的努力。
分析：主干是your__body__has__to__work；To move through the water为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．As__a__result (因此), painters concentrated less on religious themes.
22．In the West, people feel more in__control__of__their__own__lives (掌控他们自己的生活).
(八)仿写句子
23．The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
仿写：他夜以继日地工作，最终实现了他的梦想。
He__worked__day__and__night,__and__finally__made__his__dream__come__true.
精深阅读
I hesitated when my friend suggested that we join the school's new Tai Chi Club. I used to think that tai chi was for the elderly. However, the first class changed my previous understanding of tai chi. A year later, I can say that tai chi has had a huge impact on me.
The first few tai chi classes were fun and easy, and the moves with descriptive names really caught my imagination, like “white crane spreading its wings” and “golden rooster standing on one leg”. When I asked my coach where these interesting names came from, he told me about the history of tai chi. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. However, nowadays people tend to believe that Chen Wangting, a 17th century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi based on martial arts skills.
After the first few basic tai chi lessons, I found myself bored and aching from doing the same slow moves over and over again. Fortunately, my coach taught me how to relax my muscles and focus on peace of mind during everyday practice. With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved, that I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever.
Meanwhile, I started to explore the ancient Chinese culture behind tai chi. I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, which are believed to form the the unity of opposite. Neither can exist independent of the other. The practice of tai chi aims to keep the balance of yin and yang in the body through opposite movements: forwards and backwards, up and down, left and right, breathing in and breathing out. Ultimately,__tai chi brings about a state of physical balance and mental peace.
The experience of a year of tai chi has affected my everyday life positively. I sleep more soundly at night, and feel more energetic during the day. I feel happier and more confident. Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, enabling me to stay calm in stressful situations. I am sure I will continue to practise tai chi and enjoy the benefits it has brought me.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者学习太极的经历及太极运动对作者身心的积极影响。
1．Why did the author join the Tai Chi Club
A．Because of his friend's advice.
B．Because of his interest in it.
C．Because of the school's request.
D．Because of his parents' suggestion.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I hesitated when my friend suggested that we join the school's new Tai Chi Club.”可知，因为朋友的建议，作者加入了太极俱乐部。故选A。
2．Which of the following words can describe the moves of tai chi
A．Quick and beautiful.
B．Quick and free.
C．Slow and beautiful.
D．Slow and boring.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“doing the same slow moves”可知，太极拳的招式是缓慢的；第二段中的“The first few ... ‘golden rooster standing on one leg’．”提到最初的几节太极课既有趣又简单，那些动作的名字也很吸引作者，比如“白鹤展翅”和“金鸡独立”。由此可推知，太极拳的招式是优美的。故选C。
3．What is the Chinese culture behind tai chi
A．Tai chi is influenced by Laozi's philosophy of water.
B．Tai chi can have a positive effect in people's lives.
C．You can find the origin of tai chi in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang.
D．Tai chi can make people feel energetic and confident.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I discovered that ... the unity of opposite.(我发现太极深深地植根于中国的阴阳哲学，阴阳被认为是对立的统一。)”可知，太极背后的中国文化起源于中国的阴阳哲学。故选C。
4．What does the underlined word mean
A．Finally. B．Sometimes.
C．Firstly. D．Constantly.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。画线词前的“The practice of tai chi ... and breathing out.”表明太极通过相反的动作来保持身体的阴阳平衡，画线词后的“tai chi brings about a state of physical balance and mental peace”提到太极带来一种身体的平衡和心灵的平和，因此，画线词后表达的意思是通过练习太极动作最终达到的效果。由此可推知，画线词意为“最终”，与finally意思相近。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．descriptive adj. 描写的，说明的
2．imagination n. 想象力
3．coach n. 教练
4．affect v. 影响
5．energetic adj. 精力充沛的
(二)高频短语
6．have__an__impact__on__... 对……有影响
7．tend to do sth 倾向于/往往做某事
8．focus__on 专注于；关注
9．to one's satisfaction 使某人满意的是
10．be rooted in 植根于
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．If you want to know more detail, please don't hesitate to__get (get) in touch with me.
12．With all the books he was interested in bought, Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction (satisfy)．
13．I suggested that you (should)__try (try) to balance your diet by eating more fruit and less meat.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．A warm cup of tea can sometimes calm a person's troubled mind.使平静
15．Mr Smith coaches his daughter in math to help her get better grades.辅导
16．The experienced gardener knows well how to tend to various plants. 照料
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
energetic, affect, fortunately
17．We often make decisions which will influence our lives.affect
18．He said that night was totally crazy and dynamic with so many college students on the spot (现场)．energetic
19．I was late, but luckily the meeting hadn't started.fortunately
(六)长难句分析
20．When I asked my coach where these interesting names came from, he told me about the history of tai chi.
句意：当我问我的教练这些有趣的名字是从哪里来的，他告诉了我关于太极的历史。
分析：主干是he__told__me；When引导时间状语从句，从句中含有where 引导的宾语从句。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．The development of new technology continues to have__an__impact__on/upon__learning (对学习有影响)．
22．He couldn't focus__on__his__homework (专注于他的作业), and that is because his attention was drawn to a shining toy.
(八)仿写句子
23．Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. (be said to have done sth)
仿写：据说，事故是昨天早晨7点在一个十字路口发生的。
The__accident__is__said__to__have__happened__at__a__crossing__at__7__o'clock__yesterday__morning.__
27(共110张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 3 On the move
单元主题：人与社会——体育运动与健康生活方式
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 硬核考点
3
课后课时作业
５
课堂作业 巩固内化
４
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词
1. _________ n. 冲浪(运动)
2. _________ adj. 塑料制的
3. _________ n. 因素，要素
4. _________ n. (形势或事态的)意外转折
surfing
plastic
factor
twist
二、核心单词
1. _________ v. 代表，表示
2. _________ n. 基础；根据
3. _________ n. 装备，设备，用具
4. _________ v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫
5. _________ n. 士兵，军人
6. _________ n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争
represent
basis
equipment
defend
soldier
conflict
三、拓展单词(可查字典)
1.__________ n. 死，死亡→_________ vi. 死亡；灭亡；渴望→_________ adj. 临终的；临死的→________ adj. 死的→_________ adj. 致命的 adv. 极其；非常
2. _________ v. 向……保证，使确信→_____________ n. 保证；担保
death
die
dying
dead
deadly
assure
assurance
四、熟词生义
1.goal 熟义：n. _____________
生义：n. 球门；射门；进球得分
2.content 熟义：adj. _____________
生义：n. 满意，满足；内容；目录 vt. 使满足
五、核心短语
_______________________ 尽情地；心满意足地
目标；目的
满意的
to one's heart's content
自主学习 课文语篇
These days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Given that1 Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that2 it is also the most popular sport out of this world! The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game3using a ball4 of animal skins with hair inside. Goals were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.
课文三维剖析
A Game for the World
全世界都热爱的运动
1引导_________从句，given that意为“________ _________”
2引导_______从句
3作cuju (kick ball)的_____
4现在分词短语作_________ ，修饰_______
原因状语
鉴于，考虑到
宾语
同位语
后置定语
a game
足球是现今世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！足球的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。当时这种运动称为蹴鞠(意为“以脚踢球”)，使用的球是由动物皮革填充毛发制成的，而球门是悬挂在半空中的。我们所熟知的现代足球始于英国，在那里这项运动被赋予了新的规则。
5引导________从句
6引导________从句，在从句中作________ ，修饰________
7现在分词作_____________
8引导___________从句
That5 football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. It is also a game that6 is very cheap to play. You don't need expensive equipment；even the ball doesn't have to cost much money. All over the world you can see kids playing7 to their hearts' content with a ball made of plastic bags; just like Pelé did when8 he was a boy.
主语
定语
主语
a game
宾语补足语
时间状语
足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因。它也是一项花费很少的运动，不需要什么昂贵的设备，连球也不会花费太多钱。在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们心满意足地踢着用塑料袋团成的球——贝利小时候也就是那样的。
9不定式短语作__________
10引导_______从句
11现在分词短语作________ __，修饰_______
12不定式作___________
13连接两个___________
14不定式作___________
What's more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate12: it does not require words, but everyone understands it. It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field. Take, for example, the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War Ⅰhad broken out months before, but13 British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember14 during years of conflict.
结果状语
主语
后置定语
a game
后置定语
并列分句
后置定语
此外，足球还成为了人们最好的沟通方式之一：无需话语，但是人人都能理解。足球打破隔阂，将赛场内外的人们凝聚在一起。以1914年圣诞节那场著名的足球赛为例，虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了数月，但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支，一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和平一刻。
15不定式作__________
16引导________从句
“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death, ...” said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. “I can assure you it is much, much more important than that.” This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth to realise15that16 our planet is shaped like a football.
“有些人认为足球事关生死，……”著名的足球运动员和教练比尔·香克利曾这样说过，“我可以向你保证，足球比生死要重要得多。”这句话听起来也许有点儿夸张，但是只要想想地球，你就会意识到原来我们的星球跟足球的形状一样呢。
结果状语
宾语
一、阅读课文并填空
阅读领悟
goes back
popularity
simple
cheap
creativity
communicate
breaks down
二、问题链
1.What did the earliest football look like？
____________________________________________________
2.Why did the soldiers put down their guns during the World War Ⅰ？
____________________________________________________
A ball made of animal skins with hair inside.
Because they wanted to play football together.
合作探究 硬核考点
1．represent v. 代表，表示；描绘；描述；声称；体现；说明(教材P34)
→representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n. 代表，代表性人物
→representation n. 代表；表现；描绘；象征
(1)represent ... as ... 把……描绘成……
represent sb/oneself as/to be ... 宣称某人/自己为……
represent sth to sb＝represent to sb sth 向某人说明/传达某事
(2)a representative of ... 是……的代表；代表着……
be representative of ... 代表着……；是……的代表
探究一 高频词
【语境感知】
①In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
下午，您将和我们的一些学生代表去参观海河，欣赏那里的美景。(邀请信)
②Her daughter is very clever and often represented as a genius.
她女儿很聪明，常被称为天才。
③He represented himself to be a friend of my father's, but now we know the truth.
他自称是我父亲的朋友，但现在我们知道真相了。
④The mansion is quite representative of Spanish art.
这幢大厦充分代表了西班牙艺术。
epresent 作“向……描述/表达”讲时，不能直接跟“人”作宾语，常用结构为“represent sth to sb”或“represent to sb sth”。有类似用法的单词还有explain, suggest, announce, guarantee等。
【靶向小练】
①I represent ______ him that it will be dangerous to do what he suggested.
②_______________ (represent) our school, I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
③She represents her mother _____ the kindest mother in the world.
④茶文化是传统文化的代表，具有巨大的魅力和价值。(历史文化)
___________________________________________, which is of great charm and huge value.
to
Representing
as
Tea culture is a representative of traditional culture
2．basis n. 基础；根据(教材P35)
→base n. 基础；基地 vt. 以……为基础
→basic adj. 基本的
→basically adv. 大体上；基本上；总的来说
(1)on the basis of 以……为基础；在……基础上
on a regular basis 经常，定期地
on a daily basis 每天
(2)base ... on ... 把……建立在……基础上
be based on/upon ... 以……为基础/依据
【语境感知】
①We're going to have a meeting there on a regular basis.
我们将定期在那儿召开会议。
②He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the police.
他的结论建立在警方提供的证据上。
③The movie is based on/upon the popular novel of the same name.
这部电影是以同名人气小说为基础(改编)的。(电影评论)
【靶向小练】
①This experience teaches me a lesson: Never judge a person simply _____ the basis of the first impression.
②__________ (base) on the quantity you need, we can allow you a big discount.
③Exercising on a daily ________ (base) is of great help to you if you want to concentrate on your work.
④真正的友谊的基础是信任。
________________________________________________
⑤我根据自己的经验做出了这个决定。
___________________________________________________
on
Based
basis
The basis of a true friendship is trust.
On the basis of my own experience, I made this decision.
3．equipment n. [U] 装备，设备，用具(教材P35)
→equip v. 装备，配备；使有所准备；使有能力
(1)a piece of equipment 一件设备
(2)equip sb to do sth 使某人能做某事
equip ... with ... 用……装备……；为……配备……
be equipped with ... 配备有……
equip sb for ... 使某人为……做好准备；使某人能胜任……
be well/poorly equipped 装备精良/较差
【语境感知】
①The course aims to equip people with the skills necessary for a job in this technological age.
本课程旨在使人们在这个技术时代具备工作所必需的技能。
②Our school is equipped with advanced teaching equipment.
我们学校配备有先进的教学设备。
③A good education should equip you for life.
良好的教育能使你受用终生。
【靶向小练】
①I have been busy repairing all the broken office ______________(equip)．
②The course is designed to equip students _____ a career in nursing.
③It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped ___________ (speak)．
④He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.
→______________________________________, he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词作状语)
→____________________________________________, he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词作状语)
equipment
for
to speak
Equipped with much experience in teaching
Equipping himself with much experience in teaching
4．defend v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫；辩护(教材P35)
→defence n. 防御；保卫
(1)defend ... from/against ... 防御/保护……以免受……的侵害
(2)in defence of ... 为了保卫/辩护……
(a) defence against 对……的防御
【语境感知】
①White blood cells help defend the body against infection.
白细胞有助于保护身体免受感染。
②They took up arms in defence of their country.
他们拿起武器保卫祖国。
【靶向小练】
①The high wall was built as a __________ (defend) against enemies.
②He gave his life ______ defence of his country.
③The frightened mother held out her umbrella to defend her son and herself ____________ the fierce dog.
④应该训练孩子保护自己免遭某些交通事故的伤害。(建议信)
Children should be trained ______________________________________________. (defend)
＝Children should be trained ___________________________________. (defence)
defence
in
from/against
to defend themselves from/against some traffic accidents
in the defence against some traffic accidents
5．death n. 死，死亡→______ vi. 死亡；灭亡；渴望→ ______ adj. 临终的；临死的→ ______ adj. 死的→ _________ adj. 致命的 adv. 极其；非常
【语境感知】
The dying soldier got a deadly wound of a bullet. He opened his eyes for a moment and then lay on the ground, dead. He died for his country, and it is a worthy death.
那位垂死的士兵受到了致命的枪伤。他睁开眼睛片刻，然后躺在地上，死了。他为国捐躯，死得其所。
探究二 拓展词
die
dying
dead
deadly
【靶向小练】
①I'm dying ___________ (know) what happened because it was so strange.
②Some snakes are _________ (die), so we should keep away from them.
③Another 97 passengers were found _________ (die) in the ship which sank off the coast.
④别介意这次失败，考虑到你还年轻，这不是多么了不起的事情。
Don't mind the failure and given that you are still young, ___________________ _________________．
to know
deadly
dead
it's not a matter of life and death
6．goal [熟义]n. 目标；目的
[生义]n. ________________________
【语境感知】
①He continued to pursue his goal of becoming an actor.
他继续追求他成为演员的目标。
②He headed the ball into an open goal.
他把球顶入了无人防守的球门。
③Taylor scored a superb goal at the end of the first half.
泰勒在上半场结束时以一个高超进球得分。
探究三 熟词生义
球门;射门;进球得分
【靶向小练】
①France won by six scores to two against Denmark.汉意：________ 同义词： ________
②就我个人而言，我曾经尝试有效的方法来实现我的学术目标。
Personally, I used to try effective methods to ___________________________.
得分
goals
achieve my academic goals
7．content [熟义]adj. 满意的
[生义]n. ___________________________ vt. ___________
【语境感知】
①My parents are content to live in the country, where the air is fresh and clean.
我父母喜欢住在乡下，那里的空气清新干净。
②She dropped her purse and the contents fell out on the floor.
她弄掉了钱包，里面的东西撒落在地上。
③It is advisable to look at the contents page of a book before buying it.
建议买书前先看一看目录页。
满意，满足；内容；目录
使满足
【靶向小练】
①I am satisfied to admire the mountains from below.汉意：____________ 同义词：___________
②Those will surely make no difference in life. They content themselves with their present situations.(合并升级为定语从句；content adj.)
→Those ___________________________________ will surely make no difference in life.
满意的
content
who are content with their present situations
8．Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！(教材P34)
想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！
探究四 长难句分析
【分析】 句中的Given that意为“考虑到，鉴于”，引导原因状语从句；say后是一个that引导的宾语从句。
其他引导原因状语从句的单词或短语：
(1)because, since, as
(2)considering (that) 考虑到，鉴于
(3)seeing that ... 鉴于，考虑到；既然
(4)now that 由于；既然
(5)in that 因为；由于；就在于
【语境感知】
①Given that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
鉴于他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已经做得很好了。
②Seeing that I am awake, I might as well come with you.
既然我醒了，我还是和你一起去吧。
③Now that we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour.
既然我们都是地球村的一部分，人人都成了邻居。
④She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.
她很幸运，因为她有朋友帮助她。
【靶向小练】
①_______ (see) that it is eight o'clock, we'll wait no longer.
②I was impressed that she found the way here, _____________ (consider) she'd only been here once before.
③我花钱通常是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多，我必须这样做。
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, __________________________ _____________________．
＝Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, ________________________ _________________．
＝Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, ________________________ _______________________.
Seeing
considering
now/in/given that I don't earn that much
because/since/as I don't earn that much
seeing/considering that I don't earn that much
9．That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.(教材P35)
足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因。
【分析】 句中“That football is such a simple game to play”为that引导的主语从句。
(1)that在主语从句中不充当成分，也没有含义，但通常不能省略
(2)that从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置
常用it作形式主语的句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious/true/wonderful/possible/certain, etc.)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(词组)(no wonder/an honour/a pity/a fact, etc.)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/believed/reported/thought/expected, etc.)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(短语)(happens/turns out, etc.)＋that 从句
【语境感知】
①That our team had won the first prize made us very happy.
我们队获得了第一名，这使我们很高兴。(日记)
②The couple had both gone to work, so it was strange that someone was over there.
这对夫妇都去上班了，所以有人在那边是很奇怪的。
③It's a pity that he didn't accept the job.
他没有接受那份工作真可惜。
④It was reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.
据报道，这起事故中没有乘客受伤。
⑤It happens that I have her phone number.
碰巧我有她的电话号码。
【靶向小练】
①Personally, __________ we have a lot in common with each other counts among friends.
②It __________________ (report) that several people had been arrested.
③他对所发生的事感兴趣是很自然的。
__________________________________________________
④原来她和她的老师同名。
__________________________________________________
that
was reported
It is natural that he is interested in what happens.
It turned out that she and her teacher shared the same name.
课堂作业 巩固内化
Ⅰ.写出单词
1．A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in ____________(流行) worldwide.
2．I always check the ___________ (目录) first when I get a new textbook.
3．Stress is often a ___________ (因素) in the development of long term sickness.
4．The plot of the movie has a _________ (意外转折) in the end.
5．In the last minute of the game, he took a long shot and scored a beautiful _______ (射门)．
popularity
contents
factor
twist
goal
6．A ___________ chair is much lighter than a wooden one.
7．___________ is the sport of riding on waves.
8．There is a ___________ between his work and family life.
9．It's ___________ how quickly he learned to speak a new language.
10．As is known to all, protecting the country is the duty of a ___________．
plastic
Surfing
conflict
amazing
soldier
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He bought some books ___________ (read) during the vacation.
2．When the teacher left the classroom, chaos broke _______ among the students.
3．Actually, he is quite content __________ (have) his own room at home.
4．She began her ____________ (profession) career as a nursery school teacher.
5．The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in __________ (defend) of their country.
6．The king is represented _____ a villain in the play.
to read
out
to have
professional
defence
as
7．There are two main sets of Games—the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years ________ a regular basis.
8．A basic two hour first aid course would equip you __________ (deal) with any of these incidents.
9．He got up early to catch the first bus, only __________ (find) it had been cancelled.
10．The students __________ (work) hard for the exam will surely get good results.
on
to deal
to find
working
Ⅲ.语段填词
1．The red cross on the flag ______________ help. It helps when things are bad. A ______________ of the charity group is wearing a red－cross vest. He will say how they help others. (represent)
2．The photographer wants to __________ his studio with the latest cameras.The advanced __________ in the studio allows him to take amazing photos. (equip)
3．The old tree ________ last winter, its _______ branches now a reminder of its life. The locals honored its _________ with a simple ceremony. (die)
represents
representative
equip
equipment
died
dead
death
4．This research paper provides a ________ for further study. In our first－year course, we learn _________ knowledge that is built on it. (base)
5．The teacher ______ the students that the exam would not be too difficult.After hearing the teacher's ____________, the students felt much more relaxed. (assure)
basis
basic
assured
assurance
Ⅳ.翻译
1．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman _________________(得到诺贝尔奖)．
2．It is every soldier's duty to ___________________________________ (保卫我们的国家抵御敌人)．
3．On the weekend, he played video games _______________________________ ____________ (毫无顾虑地)．
4．他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。(that引导主语从句)
________________________________________________________________
5．考虑到你已经尽力了，我们决定再给你一次机会。(given that引导原因状语从句)
________________________________________________________________
to get the Nobel Prize
defend our country from/against enemies
to his heart's contents without any worry
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
Given that you tried your best, we decided to give you another chance.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ 阅读
Hang your tongue out of your mouth while your eyes look upwards. Breathe loudly and use your hands to pull your head in every way. This is yoga (瑜伽) for your face.
Fumiko Takatsu, creator of the Face Yoga Method, has written six books on face yoga and has been practicing facial exercises for about 15 years. Takatsu, 50, said she came up with the idea of facial exercises after a car accident when she was 35 years old, which left her face out of its proper position. Around the same time, Takatsu said she began to notice signs of aging, but gave up using creams and beauty treatments after they became too expensive.
Koko Hayashi, 39, a face yoga instructor in Los Angeles, said she first heard of face yoga by discovering Takatsu's work. Hayashi said she had a chin implant (下巴植入体) when she was 27 years old, but took it out because it misshaped her face. “That's why I'm so interested in more natural beauty instead of plastic surgery (整形手术)，” Hayashi said. Like others who practice facial exercises, Hayashi believes it can fix signs of aging and help reduce wrinkles (皱纹)．
The question that often pops up when someone mentions face yoga is, “Does it actually work？” A study out of Northwestern University found that the exercises may help middle aged women.
“This is a pilot study that suggests that there might be some factors of facial exercise that can be helpful to at least certain patients in improving certain signs of aging，” said Dr Murad Alam from Northwestern University. “But we need more studies to better understand exactly how much exercise is necessary to have any benefit, whether it works for men and women of different ages, and then how much exercise is needed to keep that benefit.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Fumiko Takatsu (高富美子)创立的面部瑜伽法及其影响。
Medical reporter Dr Jennifer Ashton said that she is not sure whether face yoga works and that any benefits are most likely going to be up to the person trying it. “If you feel better after trying face yoga, it may be something you should keep doing，” she said.
1．What made Takatsu decide to create the Face Yoga Method
A．An unexpected car accident.
B．Great interest in doing yoga.
C．Unaffordable beauty treatments.
D．Unsatisfactory effects of creams.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“she came up with ... out of its proper position”可知，Takatsu在35岁的时候遭遇了一场车祸，这使她萌生了进行面部锻炼的想法，随后便创造了面部瑜伽法。故选A。
2．What do we know about Hayashi
A．She wrote a book about face yoga.
B．She followed in Takatsu's footsteps.
C．She had a plastic surgery two years ago.
D．She had always admired natural beauty.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Koko Hayashi ... discovering Takatsu's work.”及“That's why I'm so interested in more natural beauty”可知，Koko Hayashi (林鼓子)是一位面部瑜伽教练，在发现Takatsu的作品后了解到面部瑜伽，并开始崇尚自然美。由此可推知，Hayashi是效仿Takatsu开始练习和教授面部瑜伽的。故选B。
3．What can be inferred from Alam's words
A．The study is helpful but more research is needed.
B．Face yoga is more suitable for women than men.
C．Face yoga needs too much exercise to bring benefits.
D．The study is well designed but the findings are worthless.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中来自西北大学的Murad Alam (穆拉德·阿拉姆)博士说的“This is a pilot study ... signs of aging”以及“But we need ... have any benefit”可知，尽管他们的研究表明面部锻炼可能对某些患者有帮助，但是仍需更多的研究来更好地了解面部瑜伽的益处。故选A。
4．What does Ashton think of face yoga
A．Its key point is keeping exercising.
B．It can stop all kinds of signs of aging.
C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
D．Its effectiveness depends on personal feelings.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段Jennifer Ashton (詹妮弗·阿什顿)博士说的“she is not sure ... the person trying it”可知，Ashton 认为，面部瑜伽是否有效取决于尝试者自己的个人感受。故选D。
Ⅱ 完形填空
After graduation, I decided to take the gym seriously. Accompanied by a friend, I __1__ a routine of walking on the treadmill (跑步机). I was __2__ with our routine in the gym. My friend, however, became bored.
One day, he suggested that we __3__ an outdoor sport. I was an uncoordinated (动作不协调的) person, so I __4__ his idea.
But several weeks later, he managed to __5__ me to step onto an outdoor racquetball (美式壁球) court. When I hit the ball, I sent it flying in every direction except the direction that I had __6__. Still, somehow, I tried hard to learn it and became __7__ after constantly practicing.
“We're not getting enough __8__ on the treadmill. Why not play tennis to build up our body？” suggested my friend.
“Tennis I can't play tennis! That __9__ real skills！” I firmly resisted (抵制) his new __10__．
However, weeks later, I started playing tennis. After several months of painful practice, one day, as the ball came flying towards me, my racket and the ball met in what tennis players __11__ as the “sweet spot”. I had __12__ learned how to play tennis properly!
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是一个动作不协调的人，但经过自己的不断努力，最后掌握了美式壁球和网球的运动技巧。作者借此告知我们：有志者，事竟成。
I learned a valuable __13__ from these experiences: I can do whatever I set my mind on. I just need to put in efforts, and the results will __14__. And I become quite __15__ about trying new things and I'm always filled with a sense of excitement.
1．A.started B．changed
C．quit D．designed
解析：start 开始；change 改变；quit 退出；design 设计。根据上文“I decided to take the gym seriously”可知，作者决定认真健身，因此此处指开始在跑步机上行走。故选A。
2．A.confident B．familiar
C．content D．careful
解析：confident自信的；familiar熟悉的；content满意的；careful小心的。根据下文“My friend, however, became bored.”可知，上下文为转折关系，作者的朋友感到无聊，而作者感到满意。故选C。
3．A.focus on B．take up
C．make up D．check in
解析：focus on 专注于；take up 开始从事；make up 组成；check in 登记入住。根据上文“My friend, however, became bored.”可知，作者的朋友对健身房的锻炼感到无聊，因此提出了建议，希望两人开始一项户外运动。故选B。
4．A.refused B．supported
C．revised D．admired
解析：refuse 拒绝；support 支持；revise 修订；admire 钦佩。根据上文“I was an uncoordinated (动作不协调的) person”可知，作者认为自己动作不协调，因此拒绝了他的建议。故选A。
5．A.remind B．attract
C．request D．persuade
解析：remind 提醒；attract 吸引；request 请求；persuade 说服。根据上文内容可知，作者拒绝了朋友提出的开始户外运动的建议，再根据“But”可知，上下文是转折关系，由此可知，作者被朋友说服了。故选D。
6．A.imagined B．wanted
C．scheduled D．arranged
解析：imagine 想象；want 想要；schedule 安排；arrange 筹划。根据上文“flying in every direction except”可推知，作者此时击球并不成功，击出的球不按自己想要的方向飞。故选B。
7．A.fluent B．impressive
C．curious D．skillful
解析：fluent 流利的；impressive 令人印象深刻的；curious 好奇的；skillful 熟练的。根据上文“I tried hard to learn it”和下文“after constantly practicing”可推知，在努力学习，不断练习后，作者掌握了这项运动，变得熟练。故选D。
8．A.exercise B．adventure
C．movement D．time
解析：exercise 锻炼；adventure 冒险；movement 移动；time 时间。根据下文“Why not play tennis to build up our body？”可知，作者的朋友建议打网球来锻炼身体，因此他认为在跑步机上并不能得到充分的锻炼。故选A。
9．A.includes B．explores
C．improves D．requires
解析：include 包括；explore 探索；improve 改善；require 需要。此处指打网球需要真正的技巧。故选D。
10．A.behaviour B．strategy
C．suggestion D．goal
解析：behaviour 行为；strategy 策略；suggestion 建议；goal 目标。根据上文“suggested my friend”可知，此处指朋友新的建议，suggestion和上文suggested相呼应。故选C。
11．A.view B．comment
C．doubt D．express
解析：view 看待；comment 评论；doubt 怀疑；express 表达。根据上文“tennis players”和下文“as the ‘sweet spot’”可推知，这是被网球运动员看作“最佳击球点”的地方。故选A。
12．A.obviously B．formally
C．finally D．actually
解析：obviously 明显地；formally 正式地；finally 最终；actually 实际上。根据上文作者一开始抵制朋友打网球的建议，但几周之后还是开始进行这一运动，而且在几个月后学会了打网球，因此此处指作者最终学会了如何正确打网球。故选C。
13．A.lecture B．lesson
C．message D．responsibility
解析：lecture 讲座；lesson 经验，教训；message 消息；responsibility 责任。根据下文“I can do whatever I set my mind on.”可推知，作者在描述从这些经历中学到的宝贵经验。故选B。
14．A.flash B．contact
C．follow D．narrow
解析：flash 闪光；contact 联系；follow 跟随；narrow 变窄。根据上文作者努力练习美式壁球和网球，最后掌握了运动技巧可知，此处指努力后，结果会随之而来。故选C。
15．A.calm B．positive
C．confused D．interested
解析：calm 冷静的；positive 积极的；confused 困惑的；interested 感兴趣的。根据下文“I'm always filled with a sense of excitement”可知，作者总是充满兴奋感，因此是对尝试新事物变得积极，be positive about “对……积极”。故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
It is true that festivals are important. Festivals provide an opportunity to create new memories. Different cultures have different festivals, __1__ the joy and excitement are the same. For adults, celebrations are a way of taking a break from dull routines. For kids, this is the perfect time __2__ (learn) and enrich their lives with knowledge.
Festivals play a significant role in a __3__ (child) life. While being a part of celebrations, children experience occasions that bring them happiness and create great memories. Additionally, every festival has a rich backstory, __4__ has numerous lessons and values to teach. Historical and geographical contexts related to festivals explain why we celebrate festivals __5__ specific customs.
Celebrations bring people together. They help develop community pride and contribute to the __6__ (belief) and feelings of togetherness. Thus, festivals are a significant time for kids to connect with extended families, neighbors, and community members. Kids learn the importance of unity when they __7__ (active) participate and contribute to making the celebration __8__ (success)．
Festivals are a good opportunity for kids to meet people from all walks of life. As a result, children can learn different characters of social behavior by __9__ (talk) with the people around them. During these times, kids get a chance to meet new friends. Moreover, there __10__ (be) plenty of opportunities for kids to exchange thoughts and these interactions will help them develop social skills.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了节日的意义和作用。
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
1．答案：but/yet
解析：考查连词。句意：不同的文化有不同的节日，但欢乐和兴奋是相同的。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，应用并列连词but或yet连接。故填but/yet。
2．答案：to learn
解析：考查非谓语动词。名词time后应用不定式作后置定语，time to do ... 意为“做……的时间”。故填to learn。
3．答案：child's
解析：考查名词。表示“孩子的生活”，应用名词所有格child's作定语，修饰名词life。故填child's。
4．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为backstory，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
5．答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：与节日相关的历史和地理背景解释了为什么我们用特定的习俗来庆祝节日。表示“用……”，应用介词with。故填with。
6．答案：beliefs
解析：考查名词。句意：它们有助于培养社区自豪感，促进团结的信念和感觉。设空处与feelings是并列关系，用名词作contribute to的宾语，belief意为“信念”，且为可数名词，应用复数。故填beliefs。
7．答案：actively
解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词participate，应用副词actively，意为“积极地”。故填actively。
8．答案：successful
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作使役动词making后宾语the celebration的补足语，应用形容词。故填successful。
9．答案：talking
解析：考查非谓语动词。介词by后应用动名词作宾语。故填talking。
10．答案：are
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；there be句型的主语为复数名词opportunities，谓语动词也应用复数。故填are。
Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise now.
Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1，000 times thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories (卡路里)．
精深阅读
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的锻炼方式：水中运动。
In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.
But what if you are afraid of the water No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn't require any special skills. You don't even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is fit for everyone.
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The advantages of aquatic exercise.
B．Weight change of one's body.
C．Difference between land and water.
D．The ways to do exercise on land.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，水中运动比陆地上的运动更轻松，比跑步或散步对膝盖更好，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。由此可知，第二段介绍了水中运动的优点。故选A。
2．What do most people think of aquatic exercise
A．Difficult. B．Dangerous.
C．Relaxing. D．Boring.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water.”可知，大多数人觉得水中运动令人感到轻松。故选C。
3．According to the passage, what is aquatic exercise
A．It is done in groups.
B．It is fit for everyone.
C．It is difficult to learn.
D．It is done with special skills.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Aquatic exercise is fit for everyone.”可知，水中运动适合每个人。故选B。
4．In which part of a magazine can we read the passage
A．Culture. B．Health.
C．Nature. D．Travel.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一种新的锻炼方式——水中运动，由此可推知，我们可能会在杂志的健康版块读到这篇文章。故选B。
(一)热词
1．burn v. _________
2．relaxed adj. _________
3．_________ adj. 安静的
4．_________ v. 需要；要求
5．special adj. __________________
精深阅读——好词句小练
燃烧
轻松的
quiet
require
特殊的；特别的
(二)高频短语
6．a kind of _________
7．______________ 结果，因此
8．in control of _________
9． ______________害怕
10．______________适合……
一种
as a result
控制
be afraid of
be fit for ...
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．My two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish _________ others.
12．The paper provides a detailed information of how ___________(create) a balanced diet in daily life.
13．She trained five times a week at her local ____________ (swim) pool.
than
to create
swimming
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．To be fit, one should do enough physical activities.___________
15．The wind was blowing and the fog seemed to be getting thicker. __________
16．Your luggage must be weighed before it is put on the aircraft. __________
健康的
更浓厚的
称重
(五)用方框中单词或短语的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something particular. _________
18．I am frightened of walking home alone in the dark. _________
19．We must stop him from going to swim in the river. _________
special
have to, afraid, special
afraid
have to
(六)长难句分析
20．To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard.
句意：要在水中移动，你的身体必须付出四倍的努力。
分析：主干是_______________________；To move through the water为动词不定式短语作____________。
your body has to work
目的状语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．____________ (因此), painters concentrated less on religious themes.
22．In the West, people feel more __________________________ (掌控他们自己的生活).
(八)仿写句子
23．The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
仿写：他夜以继日地工作，最终实现了他的梦想。
_________________________________________________________
As a result
in control of their own lives
He worked day and night, and finally made his dream come true.
I hesitated when my friend suggested that we join the school's new Tai Chi Club. I used to think that tai chi was for the elderly. However, the first class changed my previous understanding of tai chi. A year later, I can say that tai chi has had a huge impact on me.
The first few tai chi classes were fun and easy, and the moves with descriptive names really caught my imagination, like “white crane spreading its wings” and “golden rooster standing on one leg”. When I asked my coach where these interesting names came from, he told me about the history of tai chi. Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. However, nowadays people tend to believe that Chen Wangting, a 17th century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi based on martial arts skills.
精深阅读
After the first few basic tai chi lessons, I found myself bored and aching from doing the same slow moves over and over again. Fortunately, my coach taught me how to relax my muscles and focus on peace of mind during everyday practice. With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved, that I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever.
Meanwhile, I started to explore the ancient Chinese culture behind tai chi. I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, which are believed to form the the unity of opposite. Neither can exist independent of the other. The practice of tai chi aims to keep the balance of yin and yang in the body through opposite movements: forwards and backwards, up and down, left and right, breathing in and breathing out. Ultimately,__tai chi brings about a state of physical balance and mental peace.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者学习太极的经历及太极运动对作者身心的积极影响。
The experience of a year of tai chi has affected my everyday life positively. I sleep more soundly at night, and feel more energetic during the day. I feel happier and more confident. Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, enabling me to stay calm in stressful situations. I am sure I will continue to practise tai chi and enjoy the benefits it has brought me.
1．Why did the author join the Tai Chi Club
A．Because of his friend's advice.
B．Because of his interest in it.
C．Because of the school's request.
D．Because of his parents' suggestion.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I hesitated when my friend suggested that we join the school's new Tai Chi Club.”可知，因为朋友的建议，作者加入了太极俱乐部。故选A。
2．Which of the following words can describe the moves of tai chi
A．Quick and beautiful.
B．Quick and free.
C．Slow and beautiful.
D．Slow and boring.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“doing the same slow moves”可知，太极拳的招式是缓慢的；第二段中的“The first few ... ‘golden rooster standing on one leg’．”提到最初的几节太极课既有趣又简单，那些动作的名字也很吸引作者，比如“白鹤展翅”和“金鸡独立”。由此可推知，太极拳的招式是优美的。故选C。
3．What is the Chinese culture behind tai chi
A．Tai chi is influenced by Laozi's philosophy of water.
B．Tai chi can have a positive effect in people's lives.
C．You can find the origin of tai chi in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang.
D．Tai chi can make people feel energetic and confident.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I discovered that ... the unity of opposite.(我发现太极深深地植根于中国的阴阳哲学，阴阳被认为是对立的统一。)”可知，太极背后的中国文化起源于中国的阴阳哲学。故选C。
4．What does the underlined word mean
A．Finally. B．Sometimes.
C．Firstly. D．Constantly.
解析：词义猜测题。画线词前的“The practice of tai chi ... and breathing out.”表明太极通过相反的动作来保持身体的阴阳平衡，画线词后的“tai chi brings about a state of physical balance and mental peace”提到太极带来一种身体的平衡和心灵的平和，因此，画线词后表达的意思是通过练习太极动作最终达到的效果。由此可推知，画线词意为“最终”，与finally意思相近。故选A。
(一)热词
1．descriptive adj. _________________
2．____________ n. 想象力
3．_______ n. 教练
4．_______ v. 影响
5．__________ adj. 精力充沛的
精深阅读——好词句小练
描写的，说明的
imagination
coach
affect
energetic
(二)高频短语
6．_______________________ 对……有影响
7．tend to do sth_____________________
8．____________ 专注于；关注
9．to one's satisfaction__________________
10．be rooted in _____________
have an impact on ...
倾向于/往往做某事
focus on
使某人满意的是
植根于
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．If you want to know more detail, please don't hesitate ________(get) in touch with me.
12．With all the books he was interested in bought, Tom left the bookshop with great ______________ (satisfy)．
13．I suggested that you ______________ (try) to balance your diet by eating more fruit and less meat.
to get
satisfaction
(should) try
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．A warm cup of tea can sometimes calm a person's troubled mind.__________
15．Mr Smith coaches his daughter in math to help her get better grades._______
16．The experienced gardener knows well how to tend to various plants. _______
使平静
辅导
照料
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．We often make decisions which will influence our lives.___________
18．He said that night was totally crazy and dynamic with so many college students on the spot (现场)．___________
19．I was late, but luckily the meeting hadn't started. _____________
affect
energetic, affect, fortunately
energetic
fortunately
(六)长难句分析
20．When I asked my coach where these interesting names came from, he told me about the history of tai chi.
句意：当我问我的教练这些有趣的名字是从哪里来的，他告诉了我关于太极的历史。
分析：主干是____________；When引导_____________从句，从句中含有where 引导的__________从句。
he told me
时间状语
宾语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．The development of new technology continues to ______________________ __________(对学习有影响)．
22．He couldn't _________________________(专注于他的作业), and that is because his attention was drawn to a shining toy.
have an impact on/upon learning
focus on his homework
(八)仿写句子
23．Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. (be said to have done sth)
仿写：据说，事故是昨天早晨7点在一个十字路口发生的。
____________________________________________________________________
The accident is said to have happened at a crossing at 7 o'clock yesterday morning.
