课件45张PPT。Grammar and usageUnit 2Verb-ing form非谓语动词过去分词不定式-ing 形式动名词现在分词分词
一 分词在句子的成分及其运用
二 分词独立主格现象
三 分词的时态语态1 作定语
现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主动关系
boiling water
falling snow
the bridge being built
过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是被动关系或动作已完成
a destroyed house
a sport loved by many people
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 开水
the changing world 变化中的世界
the changed world 变化了的世界
the developing countries 发展中国家
the developed countries 发达国家
falling leaves 正在落下的叶子
fallen leaves 落叶
rising sun 正在升起的太阳
risen sun 已经升起的太阳 1）与动名词作定语的区别
动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。2）与定语从句的相互替换
a). A taxi which is waiting is around the corner. Go and take it.
A waiting taxi is around the corner. Go and take it.
b).It is said that nothing that lives can be found on Mars.
It is said that no living things can be found on Mars.
c).The boy who was smiling ran to his mother.
The smiling boy ran to his mother.
d).The woman who is coming to dinner this evening works in the bank.
The woman coming to dinner this evening works in the bank.
e).The young man who is looking at the map is lost.
The young man looking at the map is lost.
f).The man who is performing in the street can play five musical instruments.
The man performing in the street can play five musical instruments. (g) The dark-haired man went into the room. The man who was dark-haired went
into the room. (h) The name which was mentioned in the
letter was unknown to me.The name mentioned in the letter was
known to me.(i) The firemen were trying to rescue the
people who were trapped in the fire. The firemen were trying to rescue the
people trapped in the fire.2 作表语
与过去分词作表语的区别
凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。 interesting使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的
exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。Travelling is interesting but tiring.如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much. 他的论点很令人信服。The argument is very convincing.3.作补语
find,see,look at,notice,observe…;
leave,have,make,get …doing /done;
want ,would like…(to be) done;
catch …doing
现在分词与宾语之间表主动
过去分词与宾语之间表被动
1)Can you get the machine going again?
Can you get the work done on time?
2）The boys were seen walking on the grass.
The boy was seen beaten by his father
There was so much noise that the speaker
couldn’t make himself heardWhen he awoke, he found himself being
looked after by an old woman.Just now I caught him stealing things from
the supermarket.Laws that punish parents for their little
children’s actions against the laws get
parents worried. 4.作状语
1)分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致的情况下，
如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词，
如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是主动关系用现在分词a) Visited by an expected visitor, he missed the meeting.
Visiting a good friend, I brought a beautiful present with me
b) Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.
seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.2） 主动 doing
having done （先于谓词）
被动 done
being done （与谓语动词同时）
having been done （先于谓语 )
主动
a) Walking in the street, I came across an old friend
b) Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(04北京)
c) The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.(05全国 I)
被动
a)When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （04全国II）
b)Being beaten by his father, the boy cried loudly.
c)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes
3) 分词独立结构
Generally speaking frankly speaking
Judging from/by considering
taking…into consideration
to tell you the truth seeing(考虑到)
Supposing(即使) providing(如果)
provided that(如果)
Compared to/with
saving(除了) given(如果) 并非分词的逻辑主语都要和句子的主语一致。
此时的分词短语又可称为垂悬状语。有些动
词不定式也可以这样运用。常见的这种情况有：Strictly speaking, smoking is not allowed here. Judging from what he said, he is a southerner. Taken as a whole, there is nothing important
in his speech.4) 分词作状语，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状语等。
a)Seen from the space, the earth looks
blue.
When/if seen from space, the earth looks blue
=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue
Walking in the street, I came across an old
friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came
across an old friend.b) Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will
remain fresh.= If they are kept in refrigerator, these
vegetables will remain fresh.c). Having been translated into simple English,
the poem is easy to understand
= Because the poem has been translated into
simple English, the poem is easy to
understandd) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.
= Although he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.
e) The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
= The child fell, so he stroke his head against the door and cut it.
f) The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.
The teacher came into the lab, following some students.
分词作状语与状语从句的相互替换练习5) 分词独立主格结构
主语+分词
The young man rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off6 分词作状语与并列句的区分
Ex1) ________ or you will be late.
Getting up earlier
Got up earlier
To get up earlier
Get up earlier
Ex2) ________, he was late.
Getting up earlier
Not getting up earlier
Get up earlier
To get up earlier
分词作状语时，注意如下几点：
1.相当于相应的从句,不可与主句间用并列连词and,
or,but等连接
2.分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致
3.插入语现象(generally speaking;judging from…)
4.独立主格结构
5.现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态
6.非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词
7.否定式:not+分词
8.连词+分词现象(when,while,once,even if/though,
though,as if)NOTE:过去分词的逻辑主语必须和句子
的主语保持一致.Multiple choice: 1.—Where is my passport? I remember it here. —You shouldn‘t have left it here. Remember __________ it with you all the time. A. to put；to take B. putting；taking
C. putting；to take D. to put；taking
2.After finishing his homework he went on__________ a letter to his parents. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write
3.Only English doesn't mean________ the language. A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learning C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning 4.Would you mind quiet for a moment? I'm trying ___________a form. A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill out C. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out
5. the news of his father's death, he burst into tears. A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard
6.Our father often told us in the past that _____is believing.
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to be seen7._____is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
8.There was a terrible noise _______the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
9. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________all night.
A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned
10._________a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.
A. Not receiving B. Not to receive
C. Not having received D. Having not receivedLanguage points:1.disappoint(P29)
disappoint ?Vt. to fail to satisfy someone or their hopes, desires, etc.; to cause someone to feel unhappy:使失望
I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I'm afraid I can't come after all. We don't want to disappoint the fans. disappointed ??Adj. unhappy because someone or something was not as good as you hoped or expected, or because something did not happen:失望的
We were deeply disappointed at/about the result. His parents were bitterly disappointed in/with him.
She was disappointed (that) they hadn't phoned. He was disappointed to find they'd already gone.
disappointing ?? Adj. making you feel disappointed: 令人失望的 What a disappointing result! The response to our advertisement has been somewhat disappointing. disappointedly ?Adv. 失望地 disappointingly ?Adv. 令人失望地 disappointment ?? N. 失望 1） [U] the feeling of being disappointed:
Book early to avoid disappointment. To my (great) disappointment (= sadness), he decided to leave. .2 ）[C usually singular] something or someone that is not what you were hoping it would be: The party turned out to be a huge disappointment. I'm afraid I've been rather a disappointment to my parents2.One of the customs officers was watching the arrivals very closely.(P29)
closely Adv. in a close manner 接近地，紧密地，严密地，密切地 listen closely=listen carefully
The two events are closely connected.Cf. close: Adv. leaving little space between, in a close position 位置接近地，无空隙地
作副词时， close 常表示具体的距离的近。 closely常表示抽象意义。类似的还有：deeply, deep; highly, high等。
After 20 years of marriage, they're still deeply in love.
The submarine sailed deep under the ice cap.
For our country to remain competitive, we need a highly-skilled, highly-educated workforce.
close adj.
1. having direct family connections or shared beliefs, support and sympathy:关系接近的，亲密的There weren't many people at the funeral - just close family/relatives. Mira is one of my closest friends.
2. not distant in position or time:时间空间等接近Don't get too close to that dog, Rosie. I hate people standing too close to me. As Christmas gets closer, the shops get more and more crowded. Emma looked close to tears (= almost going to cry). 3) having only a small difference:相似，势均力敌的 The election results were so close they had to vote again. He came second in the race, but it was very close. 3.After all, they are limited.(P31)
After all
1) in spite of what has been said, done or expected 毕竟，终究
The rain has stopped, so the game will go ahead after all.
2）it should be remembered 应该记住，别忘了
I do like her - after all, she is my sister.all常用短语及搭配：
at all 根本，全然 Is there any uncertainty at all about the way she died?
all in all 从各方面考虑 All in all, I think you've done very well.
go all out 全力以赴 The team went all out for a win.
in all 总计 The bill came to ￡25 in all.
by all means 当然可以，别客气 "May I borrow this book?" "By all means."
above all: 最重要的
A clock must above all correct.
all but: 几乎 The game was all but over by the time we arrived.
all the same ：仍然，还是 It rained every day of our holiday - but we had a good time all the same.
all of a sudden：突然 It seemed to happen all of a sudden - I felt dizzy and I just collapsed.
all too ：
The holidays flew by all too quickly. 4. As a result, you impressed the audience.(P31)as a result: thereforeas a result of sth :because of something: He was late as a result of the triffic jam.without result :in vain徒劳，毫无结果
He tried to recall her name without result.result in sth: phrasal verb to cause a particular situation to happen: The fire resulted in damage to their property. His attempt resulted in failure.result from sth: phrasal verbIf a situation or problem results from a particular event or activity, it is caused by it: His difficulty in walking results from a childhood illness.
The terrible accident resulted from his careless.Homework1.Review the use of “verb-ing form”
2.Preview the next part of this unit.Thank you
Period 4 Grammar
一．【设计思想】
采用直观的方式演示不易理解的概念,锻炼学生用英语直接思维,交际和解决问题的能力
二．【教学目标】
准确掌握非谓语动词作分词的用法
三．【教学重难点】
1分词在句子的成分及其运用
2分词独立主格现象
3分词的时态语态
【课堂导入】
一 分词在句子的成分及其运用
1 作定语
形式：doing being done done
含义：现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主动关系
boiling water falling snow the bridge being built
过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是被动关系或动作已完成
a destroyed house a sport loved by many people
比较：
boiling water
boiled water
the changing world
the changed world
the developing countries
the developed countries
falling leaves
fallen leaves
rising sun
risen sun
1）与动名词作定语的区别
动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。
现在分词
动名词
a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子
a sleeping car一辆卧车
a flying bird一只正在飞翔的鸟
a flying course飞行课程
a swimming girl一个正在游泳的女孩
a swimming pool一个游泳池
the running water自来水
the running track跑道
2）与定语从句的相互替换
a). A taxi which is waiting is around the corner. Go and take it.
A waiting taxi is around the corner. Go and take it.
b).It is said that nothing that lives can be found on Mars.
____________________________________________________________
c).The boy who was smiling ran to his mother.
____________________________________________________________
d).The woman who is coming to dinner this evening works in the bank.
____________________________________________________________
e).The young man who is looking at the map is lost.
____________________________________________________________
f).The man who is performing in the street can play five musical instruments.
_______________________________________________________________
(g) The dark-haired man went into the room.
The man who was dark-haired went into the room.
(h) The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.
_________________________________________________________________
(i) The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.
_________________________________________________________________
2 作表语
与过去分词作表语的区别
凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
interesting使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的
exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
_______________________________________________________
如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
______________________________________________________
他的论点很令人信服。
______________________________________________________
3.作补语
find,see,look at,notice,observe…; leave,have,make,get …doing /done;
want ,would like…(to be) done; catch …doing
现在分词与宾语之间表主动
过去分词与宾语之间表被动
1)Can you get the machine going again?
Can you get the work done on time?
2) The boys were seen walking on the grass.
The boy was seen beaten by his father
3) There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard
4)When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
5)Just now I caught him stealing things from the supermarket.
6)Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get
parents worried.
4.作状语
1)分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致的情况下，
如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词，
如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是主动关系用现在分词
a) Visited by an expected visitor, he missed the meeting.
Visiting a good friend, I brought a beautiful present with me
b) Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.
seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.
2）形式： 主动 doing
having done （先于谓词）
被动 done
being done （与谓语动词同时）
having been done （先于谓语 )
主动
a) Walking in the street, I came across an old friend
b) Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(04北京)
c) The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.(05全国 I)
被动
a)When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （04全国II）
b)Being beaten by his father, the boy cried loudly.
c)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes
3) 并非分词的逻辑主语都要和句子的主语一致。此时的分词短语又可称为垂悬状语。有些动词不定式也可以这样运用。常见的这种情况有:
Generally speaking frankly speaking Judging from/by considering
taking…into consideration to tell you the truth seeing(考虑到)Supposing(即使) providing(如果) provided that(如果) Compared to/with saving(除了) given(如果)
Strictly speaking, smoking is not allowed here.
Judging from what he said, he is a southerner.
Taken as a whole, there is nothing important in his speech.
4) 分词作状语，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状语等。
a)Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
When/if seen from space, the earth looks blue
=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue
b)Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.
= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.
c) Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
= If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
分词作状语与状语从句的相互替换练习
d). Having been translated into simple English,the poem is easy to understand
= _______________________________________________________________________
e) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.
= _______________________________________________________________________
f) The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
= ______________________________________________________________________
g) The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.
The teacher came into the lab, following some students.
5) 分词独立主格结构
主语+分词/adj/adv/to do/介词短语/
With + n + 宾补
a)The young man rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
b)The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off
c)The test finished, we began our holiday.
_______________________________________________________________________
d)He came out, a book under his arm.
从山上望去，我发现这座城市很美丽。
_______________________________________________________________________
6 分词作状语与并列句的区分
Ex1) ________ or you will be late.
Getting up earlier
Got up earlier
To get up earlier
Get up earlier
Ex2) ________, he was late.
Getting up earlier
Not getting up earlier
Get up earlier
To get up earlier
分词作状语时，注意如下几点：
1.相当于相应的从句,不可与主句间用并列连词and,
or,but等连接
2.分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致
3.插入语现象(generally speaking;judging from…)
4.独立主格结构
5.现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态
6.非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词
7.否定式:not+分词
8.连词+分词现象(when,while,once,even if/though,/though,as if)
NOTE:
过去分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致.
【课后预习】
预习课本P12-17的内容，熟悉下节课的任务内容。
五．【板书设计】
六．【家庭作业】
1. 复习本节课的内容，熟记非谓语动词的用法。
2. 教师根据教辅资料自行安排家庭作业
