[先讲解]
finance /'fa n ns; fa 'n ns/ n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金
① finance company 信贷公司，金融公司
the finance director/department 财务主任/财务科
② financial adj. 财政的，财务的，金融的
financial aid 助学金，助学贷款
③ financially adv. 财政上
【写作金句】
① [译林选必二U4P45]Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. 如今，人工智能已经应用于许多领域，如金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术等。(报道)
② It is obvious that people hold different opinions about whether voluntary services should be financially rewarded. 很明显，人们对志愿服务是否应该得到经济奖励有不同看法。(投稿)
threaten /'θretn/ vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓
① threaten sb./sth. 威胁某人/某物
threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事
threaten sb. with sth. 用……威胁某人
② threat n. 构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁，恐吓；凶兆
pose a threat to 对……构成威胁
under threat 受到威胁
③ threatening adj. 威胁的，恐吓的
a threatening letter 恐吓信
【写作金句】 It's neither aliens nor a rare disease that will threaten the human race in the future, but climate change. 未来威胁人类的不是外星人，也不是罕见的疾病，而是气候变化。(倡议书)
urge / d / vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望
① have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
② urge sb. to do sth. 催促/力劝某人做某事
urge that sb. (should) do sth. 极力主张/呼吁……
It is urged that sb. (should) do sth. 极力主张/呼吁……做某事。
③ urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
④ urgency n. 紧迫
【写作金句】 The public urge that smoking (should) be banned in public places for the sake of others' health. 公众要求为了他人的健康，禁止在公共场所吸烟。(倡议书)
【特别提醒】 urge作动词后面跟宾语从句时，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
They urged that the library (should) be kept open during the vacation.
他们要求图书馆假期也开放。
demand /d 'mɑ nd/ vt. 需要；强烈要求
n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要
① demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that sb. (should) do sth. 要求某人做某事
② be in (great) demand 需求量大
on demand 一经要求
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
③ demanding adj. 要求高的；苛求的；难满足的
【写作金句】 Because it was a demanding task, the manager demanded that we (should) work extra hours to meet customers' demands. 因为这是一项要求比较高的工作，所以经理要求我们加班来满足顾客们的需求。(求助信)
【特别提醒】 demand作动词后接宾语从句或者作名词后接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始(笑、哭等)；顺利打入
break into tears/laughter 突然大哭/笑起来
break in 强行进入；打断
break up 分裂；解体；打碎；结束(关系等)；绝交
break down出故障；(身体)垮掉；使分解
break off 折断；中断
break out 突然开始；爆发
break through 取得突破；冲破
break away from 逃脱；脱离
【写作金句】 The man was caught by the police on the spot when trying to break into the bank.
这名男子在试图闯入银行时被警察当场抓获。(细节描写)
【特别提醒】 break into 与break in 都有“闯入”之意，但break into中的into为介词，其后接宾语；而break in中的in为副词，为不及物动词短语；另外，break into 还有“突然开始”之意，相当于burst into，而break in 还有“插嘴，打断”之意。
distribution / d str 'bju n/ n. 分发，分送；分配，分布
① distribute vt. 分发，分配；分销；使分布，分散
distribute...to 把……分发/分配给……
distribute...among 在……中分发/分配
② distributor n. 经销商；分销商
【写作金句】 It is obvious that an equal distribution of the educational resources is what the public need badly nowadays. 很明显，教育资源的平等分配是当今公众迫切需要的。(主旨升华)
predict /pr 'd kt/ vt. 预言，预告
① predict sth./that从句 预言；预测
It's predicted that从句 据预测……
② prediction n. 预言；预测；预告
③ predictable adj. 可预见的；可预料的
【写作金句】 [译林选必二U4P48]It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink. 可以预测，不久之后，许多人将使用无人机来运送食物和饮料等日常用品。(投稿)
quantity /'kw nt ti/ n. 数量；大量
① a large quantity of＝large quantities of 大量的
a small quantity of＝small quantities of 少量的
② in large quantities 大量，大批
【写作金句】 It is the quality of the food rather than the quantity that matters. 重要的是食物的质量，而不是数量。(主旨升华)
【特别提醒】
① “a...quantity of＋可数/不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
② “quantities of＋可数/不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
There is a large quantity of rain in this area.
＝There are large quantities of rain in this area.
这个地区的雨量很大。
bury /'beri/ vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入
① bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面
② burial n. 埋葬；葬礼
【写作金句】 [北师选必四U10P14]Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily. 她在桌子旁的椅子坐下，双臂伏在桌上，把脸埋在里面放声大哭了起来。(动作描写)
【联想发散】 表示“专心于，致力于”的其他短语：be devoted to、be lost in、be absorbed in、focus/concentrate on等。
justified /'d st fa d/ adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的
① be justified in doing sth. 做某事有正当理由
prove justified 证明是事出有因的
② justify vt. 证明……正确有理；为……辩解
justify doing sth. 证明做某事是正确的
justify oneself (to sb.) 为自己辩解
③ justification n. 正当理由
in justification of 作为对……的解释
【写作金句】 Surrounded by people's misunderstanding, he was at a loss what to say to justify himself. 面对周围人的误会，他觉得真是百口莫辩。(情境描写)
superiority /su p ri' r ti/ n. 优越感；优越性，优势
① the superiority of ……的优越性
superiority in 在……方面的优势
superiority to/over 比……优越
② superior n. 上级，上司 adj. 更好的；占优势；(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的
be superior to sb./sth. (in) (在……方面)比……更好，更胜一筹
【写作金句】 It is assumed that gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority. 人们认为，八卦之所以令人满意，是因为它给人一种归属感，甚至优越感。(心理描写)
definition / def 'n n/ n. 定义；释义，解释
① the definition of ……的定义
by definition 根据定义，从定义上讲
② definite adj. 清楚的；肯定的，确定的
be definite about 对……有把握
③ definitely adv. 肯定；确切地
④ define vt. 给……下定义
define...as 把……定义为
【写作金句】 [译林选必二U4P53]The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself, which means “reality that is not real”. 虚拟现实的基本定义在于其名字本身，意思是“不真实的现实”。(宣传稿)
engage / n'ɡe d / vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系
① engage one's interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力
engage in 从事，参加
engage sb. in sth. 使某人参加某事
② engaged adj. 忙于，从事于；已订婚的；被占用的，使用中的
be engaged in 忙于……
be engaged to sb. 和某人订婚
③ engagement n. 订婚；约定，约会
【写作金句】 [译林选必二U4P53]By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to learning manages to engage students' interest and enhance learning efficiency. 通过以有意义的方式提供内容，这种新的学习方法能够激发学生的兴趣，提高学习效率。(建议信)
[后练习]
考点1 finance的相关用法
① [北师选必三U7P24]For example, good (finance) skills will benefit us greatly when we start earning money and have financial responsibilities.
② [译林选必四U3P30]Some might say that we work because we have to, not least because we need the salary that enables us to be (finance) independent.
③ The building project will (finance) by the government and public donation.
考点2 threaten的相关用法
① [外研必修三U6P88]It led to a severe food crisis and (threat) the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
② The terrorists threatened (blow) up the building.
③ These ancient woodlands are threat from new road developments.
④ [写作迁移]如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或是它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就可能减少。
，their numbers may decrease.
考点3 urge的相关用法
① The teacher demanded that the students should be taught how to take action in case of . (urge)
② [外研选必三U6P91]Carson urged people (make) themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.
③ The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters.
④ [写作迁移]公众要求政府采取措施来防止此类案件再次发生。
o prevent such cases from happening again.
考点4 demand的相关用法
① My father came down and demanded (know) what was going on.
② [译林选必四U3P34]For one thing, running your own business means dealing with (demand) work schedules.
③ They demands that the information (express) clearly and briefly.
考点5 break into及其拓展短语的相关用法
① As is known to all, people shouldn't while others are speaking.
② I was having a conversation with a friend of mine in the coffee shop this afternoon when a stranger the shop.
③ [译林必修三U1P3]When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
④ [外研选必三U6P82]When World War Ⅰ , Priestley joined the army, and escaped death on a number of occasions.
⑤ Our soldiers quickly the enemy's defence works last night.
考点6 distribution的相关用法
① [人教选必四U2P19]It has to be the kangaroo, as it has a wide (distribute) throughout the country.
② You can get the book from your local (distribute)．
③ (distribute) to the students at home, the textbooks enabled them to study more efficiently.
考点7 predict的相关用法
① [译林选必一U2P25]Many important figures in the music world, including the brilliant musician Mozart, started making (predict) about Beethoven's extraordinary future.
② Senior citizens long for a more (predict) and secure future.
③ [写作迁移]没有人能预测未来会发生什么。
考点8 quantity的相关用法
① As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of the land (cover) by the desert.
② Large quantities of water (pollute), so the lake smells terrible.
③ [译林选必二U4P49]When passenger drones are flying above our cities large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded.
考点9 bury的相关用法
① The volcano erupted and the lava poured down the mountain, (bury) several villages.
② [外研选必四U5P66]Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city (bury) deep in the jungle.
③ [写作迁移]David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms.
→ David still refused to look at me, . (分词短语作状语)
→ David still refused to look at me, . (with复合结构)
考点10 justified的相关用法
① She was fully (justify) in asking for her money back.
② How can you justify (spend) so much time on outdoor activities
③ All I can say in (justify) of her actions is that she was under great pressure at work.
考点11 superiority的相关用法
① The winner would be able to claim technological (superior) over others.
② The settlers remained convinced of their superiority the native population.
③ Yang was described by his (superior) as hard-working.
④ [写作迁移]你的电脑是最新型号的，比我的好得多。
Your computer is the latest model,
.
考点12 definition的相关用法
① A message that can't be seen or heard is, by (definite), not effective.
② [外研选必一U4P60]But one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can (definite) expect the unexpected.
③ [写作迁移]把幸福定义为拥有大量金钱是极其错误的。
考点13 engage的相关用法
① [外研选必四U6P92]To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged building ever more advanced telescopes.
② [北师选必一U1P18]Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation, clarity and fluency, and also progression of ideas and audience (engage).
③ She was engaged Peter, which was beyond our expectations.
④ [写作迁移]一项调查显示，参加课外活动的高中生比那些不参加课外活动的高中生更快乐。
A survey shows that senior high school students than those who are not.
capacity /k 'p s ti/ A. n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力 B. n. 容量，容积 C. n. 职位，职责
D. n. 生产量
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师必修三U8P45]However, due to the amount of waste our lifestyles produce, these landfills are now reaching full capacity.
② [译林选必二U4P47]Facial recognition technology, with its capacity to analyse a huge amount of data, has come into widespread use.
③ We are simply involved in an advisory capacity on the project.
④ The factory is working at full capacity.
pose /p z/ A. vt. 造成，产生 B. vt. 提问，质询 C. vi. 摆好姿势 D. n. 姿势
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① We posed for photographs after the graduation ceremony.
② Pollution poses a threat to the continued existence of this species.
③ We can continue to contact them, posing questions to them to express our doubts on this issue.
④ Your body grow more flexible as you move from one pose to another.
monitor /'m n t (r)/ A. vt. 监视，跟踪调查
B. vt. 监听 C. n. 显示屏 D. n. 监测器
E. n. 班长
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Our monitor will be in charge when the class teacher is absent.
② An scanner can read characters and transfer them to the monitor of a computer.
③ [人教选必一U2P20]My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life.
④ [外研必修二U3P39]It has a digital display that records your steps, speed and distance, as well as monitoring your heart rate and calories burnt.
⑤ Telephone monitoring is one of the technical methods of investigation.
highlight /'ha la t/ A. n. 最好(或最精彩)的部分 B. vt. 突出，强调 C. vt. 使醒目
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [外研选必一U6P90]It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it.
② I have highlighted the important passages in yellow.
③ [北师选必四U10P18]The highlight of the festival was the music and dance by a group of children.
virtual /'v t u l/ A. adj. 虚拟的，模拟的
B. adj. 很接近的，事实上的
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师必修二U4P9]Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world.
② She is the virtual president, though her title is secretary.
initial / 'n l/ A. adj. 最初的，开始的
B. n. 首字母
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Make sure that the cases are marked with our initials and the contract number.
② [外研选必四U4P54]The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
the way后接定语从句
【课本原句】 In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. 简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。
先行词为the way，且在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句通常由in which或that引导，in which或that可以省略。
I don't like the way in which you speak to her. (√)
I don't like the way that you speak to her. (√)
I don't like the way you speak to her. (√)
【写作迁移】 翻译句子
① 不可否认，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。
② 令我吃惊的不是他说什么，而是他说话的方式。
③ 对你的工作方式做些相当细微的调整是很容易的。
[先讲解]
relate /r 'le t/ vi. & vt. 联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述
① relate...to 把……和……联系在一起
relate sth. to sb. 向某人叙述/讲述某事
relate to 了解；体恤
② related adj. 相关的；有亲属关系的
be related to 和……有关的；和……有联系的
③ relation n. 关系，联系
in relation to关于；与……相比
④ relative n. 亲戚，亲属
【写作金句】
① [北师选必二U5P30]She'd had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate to Helen's difficulties. 她早年也有视力问题，所以她能理解海伦的困难。(人物介绍)
② Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to traditional Chinese customs. 有消息说，我们学校将举行一次与中国传统习俗有关的班会。(告知信)
【联想发散】 表示“与……有关”的短语还有be connected with、be concerned with、have something to do with等。
restore /r 'st (r)/ vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位
① restore confidence/faith in 恢复对……的信心
restore...to 使……恢复到……；把……归还给……
② restoration n. 修复；恢复；归还
【写作金句】 It was built originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored. 它最初是在唐代修建的，用来保护这座城市，现在已经完全修复了。(中国传统文化)
fundamental / f nd 'mentl/ adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的 n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础
① fundamental principles 基本原则
be fundamental to 对……来说是基本的
② the fundamentals of ……的基本原理/根本法则
③ fundamentally adv. 根本上；基本上；完全地
【写作金句】 [译林选必二U3P31]Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. 基因组编辑作为抗击疾病的新武器，将导致我们医疗保健方法产生根本性变化。(报道)
restrict /r 'str kt/ vt. 限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束
① restrict oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 约束自己/某人(做)某事
restrict...to 把……限制在……
be restricted to 限于……
② restriction n. 限制，约束
speed restrictions 速度限制
③ restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的
restrictive laws/measures限制性法规/措施
④ restricted adj. 有限的，很小的；受限制的
a restricted space有限的空间
【写作金句】 [人教选必三U3P27]We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. 我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。(倡议书)
prohibit /pr 'h b t/ vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能
① prohibit (doing) sth. 禁止(做)某事
prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
② prohibition n. 禁止；禁令
【写作金句】 It's necessary to prohibit people from smoking in public places. 禁止人们在公共场所吸烟是有必要的。(倡议书)
resistance /r 'z st ns/ n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗
① resistance to 对……的抵制/抵抗
② resist vi. & vt. 抵制；反抗；抵挡
resist (doing) sth. 抵制(做)某事
can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事
③ resistant adj. 有抵抗力的；抵制的
be resistant to sth. 对……有抵抗力；抵制某事
【写作金句】 [北师选必一U1P21]Teenagers want to be liked, to fit in and to be accepted, which means peer pressure can be powerful and hard to resist. 青少年希望被喜欢、融入和被接受，这意味着同伴压力可能很强大，难以抗拒。(安慰信)
debate /d 'be t/ vt. & vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n. 讨论，争论；辩论
① have/hold a debate on/about sth. 进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论
beyond/without debate 无可争辩
a heated debate 一场激烈的辩论
under debate 在讨论中
② debater n. 辩论者
【写作金句】 [人教选必二U3P32]There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. 如今，关于健康饮食的构成有很多争论。(报道)
without doubt 毫无疑问，的确
① There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...怀疑……
② doubt＋that从句(用于否定句、疑问句)
doubt＋if/whether从句(用于肯定句)
【写作金句】
① [译林选必二U3P31]Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. 毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。(投稿)
② There is no doubt that in the Internet era, one must get a good command of computer skills to be successful in getting a good job. 毫无疑问，在互联网时代，人们必须掌握良好的计算机技能才能获得一份好的工作。
【特别提醒】 doubt作名词用于肯定句，后接whether引导的同位语从句时，不能用if替换whether。
grateful /'ɡre tfl/ adj. 感激的，表示感谢的
① be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人表示感谢
be grateful to do sth. 感激……
be grateful that从句 感激……
I would be grateful if＋从句 如果……我将不胜感激。
② gratefully adv. 感激地，表示感谢地
③ gratitude n. 感激之情，感谢
with gratitude 怀着感激之情
in gratitude for 为了感谢……
【写作金句】 I would be grateful if you could send the completed form back as soon as possible. 如果你能尽快将填好的表格寄回，我将不胜感激。(求助信)
disabled /d s'e bld/ adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的
① disabled people＝the disabled 残疾人
be born disabled 天生残疾
physically/mentally disabled 有生理残疾/心理缺陷的
② disable vt. 使丧失能力，使伤残；使不能运转
③ disability n. 缺陷，障碍
【写作金句】 Although he was born disabled, he is a man with a sense of responsibility, one worthy of our admiration. 尽管他天生残疾，但他是一个有责任感的人，一个值得我们钦佩的人。(人物描写)
disturb /d 'st b/ vt. 使不安；打扰；搅乱
① It disturbs sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人不安。
② disturbed adj. 心神不安的；心烦意乱的
③ disturbing adj. 令人不安的，引起烦恼的
④ disturbance n. 打扰；动乱，骚乱
【写作金句】 The storm raged outside, disturbing their calm evening with loud thunder and flashing lightning. 暴风雨在外肆虐，惊扰了他们平静的夜晚，伴随着电闪雷鸣。(场景描写)
go to great lengths to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事
in length 在长度方面
at length 最后；详细地
at arm's length保持距离
【写作金句】 We should go to great lengths to solve the problem of environmental pollution with various effective means. 我们应该不遗余力地用各种有效手段来解决环境污染问题。(倡议书)
adjust / 'd st/ vt. & vi. 调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理
① adjust...to 根据……调整……
adjust (oneself) to 适应
adjust to doing sth. 适应做某事
② adjustment n. 调整，调节；适应
make an adjustment to 对……作出调整
③ adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的
【写作金句】 We need to adjust ourselves to a new environment and get on the right track as soon as possible. 我们需要适应新的环境，尽快走上正轨。(演讲稿)
evidence /'ev d ns/ n. 证据，证明；物证，人证
vt. 证明，表明
① scientific evidence科学根据
There is evidence that从句 有证据表明……
② evident adj. 清楚的；显而易见的
be evident to sb. 对某人来说很明显
It is evident that从句 很明显……
③ evidently adv. 明显地，显然地
【写作金句】 [人教选必二U3P32]However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. 然而，越来越多的证据表明，健康状况不佳的真正原因与其说是高脂肪食物，不如说是糖。(宣传稿)
date back to追溯到，始于，自……至今
① date from 追溯到；始于
② set/fix a date for 确定……的日期
up to date 最新的；最近的
out of date 过时的，陈腐的；失效的
to date 迄今为止；到目前为止；直到现在(谓语动词常用现在完成时)
【写作金句】
① [外研必修二U4P50]Dating back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. 京剧的历史可以追溯到18世纪，已有200多年的历史。(中国传统文化)
② There are many famous cultural relics in our country, many dating back to thousands of years ago.
我国有许多著名的文物，其中许多可以追溯到数千年前。(中国传统文化)
【易错提醒】 date back to和date from都没有进行时态，也无被动语态，常用一般现在时。
The origins of gunpowder in China also date from the 9th century AD.
火药在中国也是起源于9世纪。
switch /sw t / vi. & vt. 转变；交换；调班
n. 开关，闸；转变，改变
① switch on＝turn on 打开(电灯、电视等)
switch off＝turn off 关上(电灯、电视等)
switch (from A) to B (由A)转变成B
switch...with 与……交换
② make a switch 进行改变
【写作金句】 According to the air traffic rules, you shall switch off your mobile phone before the plane takes off. 根据空中交通规则，飞机起飞前你应该关闭手机。(告知信)
infection / n'fek n/ n. 传染，感染
① be exposed to infection暴露于易受感染的环境
② infect vt. 传染；使感染
be infected with 被感染上……
③ infectious adj. 传染性的
④ infected adj. 带菌的，感染病菌的
【写作金句】 It is highly recommended that the public keep one-metre social distance to avoid the risk of getting infected. 强烈建议公众保持一米社交距离，以避免感染的风险。(倡议书)
[后练习]
考点1 relate的相关用法
① [译林选必四U4P56]To succeed in one's education, it is wise to explore topics (relate) to learning.
② Determining where we are in (relate) to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
③ [写作迁移]在我看来，因为代沟，许多成年人无法理解他们的孩子。
From my point of view, many adults can't .
④ [写作迁移]他突然意识到所有的问题都与他的性格有关。
It suddenly hit him that all the problems .
考点2 restore的相关用法
① [外研选必三U2P27]With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these requires its own unique method of (restore).
② But the local authorities say it is not clear how quickly services will be restored normal.
③ [写作迁移]这些举措旨在恢复公众对经济的信心。
考点3 fundamental的相关用法
① Solidarity and honesty are fundamental career success.
② [2020江苏卷]Success depends (fundamental) on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
③ [写作迁移]好的方法加上聪明的头脑是做好任何事情的基础。
A good method together with a clever mind .
考点4 restrict的相关用法
① [译林选必四U2P26]In fact, there have never been any formal academic (restrict) on new borrowed words.
② He managed to twist himself round in the (restrict) space.
③ Britain is to adopt a more (restrict) policy on arms sales.
④ The speed is restricted 30 kilometres an hour in this area.
考点5 prohibit的相关用法
① [译林选必二U3P31]Should we prohibit geneticists using it to enhance healthy bodies
② The environmental group is demanding a complete (prohibit) against the hunting of whales.
考点6 resistance的相关用法
① [外研选必二U2P20]In the end, I turned on my phone to check, but couldn't resist (have) a quick look at my social media accounts.
② I prefer the plants that are (resist) to bad climate.
③ [写作迁移]人体对某些疾病有天然的抵抗力。
The human body .
考点7 debate的相关用法
① [人教选必四U5P52]There was a huge debate whether the reporter should be accused of spying on the star couple.
② At college he gained a reputation for being a brilliant (debate)．
③ [写作迁移]污染是否与该疾病有直接联系还在讨论中。
考点8 without doubt的相关用法
① There is no doubt this meeting has been one of the most successful we have had so far.
② There is still some doubt the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
③ [写作迁移]毫无疑问，健康比财富更重要。
考点9 grateful的相关用法
① I am extremely grateful all my teachers their help.
② She was presented with the gift in (grateful) for her long service.
③ We (grateful) acknowledge the contributions of everyone who helped us.
④ [写作迁移]如果你能给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。(求助信)
考点10 disabled的相关用法
① [北师选必三U7P9]There was also an obvious change in the (disable) students' attitudes.
② The film Front of the Class tells the true story of a man with (disable) who fights to realize his dream of becoming a teacher.
考点11 disturb的相关用法
① [人教选必四U1P2]Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was (disturb)．
② My grandmother is (disturb) by the loss of hearing.
③ The building work is creating constant noise, dust and (disturb)．
考点12 go to great lengths to do sth.及其拓展短语的相关用法
① [译林选必二U3P37]No. 9 High School is one of those that have protect students' eyes, coming up with many effective solutions.
② Mary keeps all men to avoid getting hurt.
③ The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is 55 kilometres , which is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world.
④ He was asked to tell the policeman the accident .
考点13 adjust的相关用法
① You ought to learn some basic Chinese before you come, which may make it easy for you to adjust (you) to the life in Beijing.
② There was no light in the room and it took me a few seconds to adjust the darkness.
③ [译林选必四U2P17改] You can make (adjust) to your own tone and choice of words accordingly.
④ [外研必修二U3P39改]It also has a voice control setting that enables you to stay hands-free, while its waterproof band is fully (adjust).
考点14 evidence的相关用法
① [译林选必二U3P39]There is evidence acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.
② It is that they have found no directly connecting him with the victims. Quite , no one can put him into prison in such a case. (evidence)
③ [写作迁移]强有力的证据表明语言是只属于人类的天赋。
考点15 date back to的相关用法
① The brooch(胸针) (date) back to the fourth century BC.
② My family has some paper money (date) back to the Qing Dynasty.
考点16 switch的相关用法
① [人教选必一U2P14]Today, we have to use (switch) for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners.
② [人教选必一U5P55]As an alternative, some farmers have switched organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.
③ Don't forget to switch the light when you leave the office.
考点17 infection的相关用法
① [人教选必二U1P2]The other was that cholera was caused by an (infect) from germs in food or water.
② In heavily (infect) areas, half the population become blind.
③ [北师选必三U9P59]The virus was extremely (infect) and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas, indicating that very few people got over it.
contract /k n'tr kt/ A. vt. 感染(疾病)
B. vt. 与……订立合同(或契约) C. vt. 使收缩 /'k ntr kt/ D. n. 合同，合约
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [外研选必四U1P8]I need to read the contract properly before making a decision.
② [译林选必二U3P30]It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
③ The player is contracted to play until August.
④ The exercise consists of stretching and contracting the leg muscles.
pace /pe s/ A. n. 发生的速度，节奏 B. n. 步速 C. n. (走或跑时)迈出的一步，一步的距离
D. vi. 来回踱步，走来走去 E. vt. 调整节奏
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
② He'd only gone a few paces before he stopped again.
③ She paced up and down outside the room.
④ It was a tough race and I had to pace myself.
⑤ [人教选必四U1P8]As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.
arise / 'ra z/ (arose, arisen) A. vi. 发生，出现 B. vi. 起床 C. vi. 起立
D. vi. (由……)引起， (因……)产生
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Seeing the teacher entering the classroom, students arose from their seats immediately.
② [北师选必二U6P68]The problem arises when the readers visualize its world so clearly.
③ They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.
④ Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
withdraw /w 'dr / A. vi. 脱离(社会)，不与人交往 B. vt. (使)撤回 C. vt. 提，取(款) D. vi. & vt. (使)退出 E. vt. 停止提供
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① If you withdraw into yourself, it is not good for your growth.
② The paper had withdrawn its remarks before they were accused.
③ The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
④ They were refused to withdraw the money they deposited several days ago.
⑤ [人教选必四U3P28]The tennis player withdrew from several tournaments due to injury.
fuel /'fju l/ A. vt. 增加，刺激 B. vt. 给……提供燃料 C. n. 燃料 D. n. 刺激性言行
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必二U3P37]A recent national survey has revealed that roughly three out of four high school students wear glasses, fuelling concerns about eyesight problems among China's youth.
② Uranium is used to fuel nuclear plants.
③ His remarks simply add fuel to the fire of her rage.
④ [北师必修三U8P44]The main cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels by vehicles and power plants.
“否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示最高级含义
【课本原句】 Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. 在我的职业生涯中，我见证了许多了不起的科研成果，但没有一项能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。
原级或者比较级用来表示最高级含义的表达法
① 否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
② 否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
③ 比较级＋than＋
① Personally, she would like nothing better than to accept this invitation.
就她个人来说，她巴不得接受这次邀请。
② The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in Asia.
长江比亚洲的其他河流都长。
③ I think the novel is more interesting than all the other novels.
我觉得这本小说比所有其他的小说都有趣。
④ —What do you think of the plan
—I can't agree more. It's quite practical.
——你觉得这个计划怎么样？
——我非常同意你的看法。这个计划很实用。
【写作迁移】 一句多译
在我们日常生活中健康最重要。
①
②
③
动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式
【课本原句】 Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. 最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。
① 句中宾语是后面的动词不定式短语“to prevent diseases...”，因为这个宾语太长，而宾语补足语比较短，为了避免头重脚轻，故用it作形式宾语。
② 常用此结构的动词还有think、believe、find、consider、feel等。
③ it作形式宾语，句中真正的宾语除了用动词不定式短语之外，还可以用动名词或者宾语从句来充当。
① We found it useless arguing with him.
我们发现和他争论没用。
② We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
我们都认为会议取消了是一件遗憾的事。
【写作迁移】 翻译句子
① 所有这些噪声使我无法继续工作。
② 他发现很难适应这里的气候。
选择性必修 第二册
[先讲解]
critical /'kr t kl/ adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的
① be critical to 对……至关重要
be of critical importance 至关重要的
with a critical eye 以批判的眼光
in a critical condition 病情危急
② criticize vt. 批评，批判；评论，评价
criticize sb. for (doing) sth. 因(某人做)某事而批评某人
③ critic n. 批评家；评论家；评论员
④ criticism n. 批评，批判；评论
【写作金句】 [译林选必四U4P45]At the same time, you need to develop critical thinking skills so that you do not blindly accept new ideas. 与此同时，你需要培养批判性思维，这样你就不会盲目地接受新的想法。(演讲稿)
trap /tr p/ vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住
n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼
① be trapped in 被困在……中，陷入……中
trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱骗某人(做)某事
② set/lay a trap (for) (为……)设下圈套
fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入……陷阱
【写作金句】 [人教必修一U4P50]Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，军队派遣了15万名士兵前往唐山，挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。(报道)
come about发生
come across (偶然)遇见，发现；被理解，被弄懂
come on/along 快，加油，加把劲
come out 出版，发行
come to 共计；达到；苏醒
come up 走近；被讨论，被提及
come up with 找到(答案)；拿出(一笔钱等)
come down with 患，得，染上
come down to 可归结为，可归纳为
come off 从……掉下，与……分离
come true (梦想、愿望、目标等)实现，成为现实
【特别提醒】 come about常与how连用，构成句型“How does e about？”或者“How did it come about that从句？”。
① How did this unhappy state of affairs come about 这种不幸的情况是怎么发生的呢？
② How did it come about that he failed in the exam once again 他考试又不及格了，这是怎么回事？
conclusion /k n'klu n/ n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成
① arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总之；最后
② conclude vi. & vt. 得出结论；推断出；(使)结束
conclude (...) with 以……结束
conclude from 从……得出结论；从……推断出
【写作金句】 In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise. 总之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。(建议信)
bring sth. to light揭露，披露
bring about 引起；导致
bring back 归还；使回忆起；带回
bring down 打垮；击败；使跌倒；降低
bring in 提出(新法案)；引入；赚得
bring up 提出(讨论等)；呕吐；抚养
bring out 使表现出；出版
【写作金句】 [译林选必二U1P3]News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light. 随着新事实的曝光，在事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息。(报道)
committed /k 'm t d/ adj. 尽心尽力的
① be committed to (doing sth.) 致力于(做某事)
② commit vt. 犯(罪或错等)；承诺；全心全意投入
commit oneself to doing sth. 全身心投入做某事
commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀
③ commitment n. 献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费
make a commitment to do sth. 承诺/保证做某事
【写作金句】
① [北师必修三U8P31]In addition to her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection. 除了她的研究，她一直全心全意致力于环境保护。(人物介绍)
② We will remain committed to the path of peaceful development and shoulder more international responsibilities. 我们将继续走和平发展道路，承担更多国际责任。(演讲稿)
witness /'w tn s/ vt. & vi. 见证；目击；作证
n. 目击者，见证人；证人
① witness sth. 目击……
时间/地点名词＋witness＋sth. ……目睹/见证某事
② be (a) witness to sth. 目击/见证某事
【写作金句】
① Our city witnesses four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold. 我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点冷。(推荐信)
② [译林选必三U2P21]December 2013 witnessed the Chinese spacecraft's first soft landing on the Moon. 2013年12月，中国航天器首次在月球上软着陆。(报道)
【特别提醒】 动词witness、see、find、notice、say、discover、observe等的主语可以是地点名词、时间名词，这一种拟人修辞法。
spring up迅速出现，突然兴起
spring to one's feet 突然站起来
spring from 起源于；由……造成
spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
spring for sth. (替别人)付……的账
spring into action＝spring into/to life (人、机器等)突然工作(或行动)起来
【写作金句】 Nowadays new buildings are springing up everywhere, satisfying people's demands for better housing conditions. 如今，新建筑如雨后春笋般涌现，满足了人们对更好住房条件的需求。(报道)
【特别提醒】 spring作动词时，其过去式是sprang，过去分词是sprung。
persuade /p 'swe d/ vt. 说服；使信服
① 说服某人做某事
② 说服某人不做某事
③ persuasive adj. 有说服力的
④ persuasion n. 说服，劝说；信仰
【写作金句】 Exposed to so many advertisements, we can't help being persuaded to buy what we don't really need. 面对如此多的广告，我们忍不住被说服去购买我们并不真正需要的东西。(建议信/倡议书)
【特别提醒】 persuade sb. to do sth. 表示“说服某人做某事”；若表示“试图说服某人做某事，而未涉及结果”，则用try to persuade sb. to do sth.或advise sb. to do sth.。
He tried to persuade his sister to give up the plan for cycling along the Mekong River, but failed.
他劝他的姐姐放弃骑自行车沿湄公河旅行的计划，但是失败了。
boost /bu st/ vt. 使增长，使兴旺
n. 增长，提高；帮助，激励
① boost exports/profits 增加出口/提高利润
boost sb.'s confidence 增强某人的信心
② give sb. a boost 给某人帮助/激励；托某人一把
【写作金句】
① [译林选必四U4P45]Lifelong learning will help you develop your skills and further your career, and will boost your sense of self-worth and keep your mind active. 终身学习将帮助你发展技能，进一步发展职业生涯，增强自我价值感，保持思维活跃。(演讲稿)
② 5G is an exciting mobile technology, which will give a great boost to smart cities and vehicles. 5G是一项令人兴奋的移动技术，它将极大地推动智能城市和汽车的发展。(发言稿)
memorable /'mem r bl/ adj. 难忘的，值得纪念的
① memorably adv. 难忘地，值得纪念地
② memorize vt. 记住；记忆
③ memory n. 记忆；记忆力
in memory of 作为对……的纪念
④ memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物
【写作金句】 Everyone was full of praise and admiration for the people who worked hard to make this trip so memorable. 每个人都对那些努力工作使这次旅行如此难忘的人充满了赞扬和钦佩。(情感表达)
get across 被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚
get sth. across (to sb.) (向某人)讲清楚某事，使(某人)理解某事
get about/around 各处走动；传播；流传
get away with 做(坏事)而未受到惩罚
get along/on with 进展，相处
get down to 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事
get rid of 摆脱；丢弃
get hold of 抓住；找到
get through 顺利通过；(用电话)打通；(设法)处理，完成
get over 解决；克服；控制
【写作金句】 I had created a way to get my message across while using as few words as possible. 我想出了一种能言简意赅地表达自己意思的方法。(建议信)
discount /'d ska nt/ n. 折扣 vt. 打折出售
① at a discount 打折
a 20% discount 八折
give/offer a discount (给……)打折
a discount shop打折商店
② discounted prices 打折价
【写作金句】 There is a discount for the cost of the 6-week English course provided that you pay in advance. 如果你提前付款，六周英语课程的费用有折扣。(告知信)
tailor /'te l (r)/ vt. 专门制作，定做 n. 裁缝
① tailor sth. to one's needs/requirements 根据某人的需要制作……
tailor sth. to do sth. 为了做某事专门制作/定做……
② at a tailor's (shop) 在裁缝店里
The tailor makes the man. [谚]人靠衣装。
【写作金句】 Special programmes of study should be tailored to the needs of specific groups. 应制订特殊课程，以满足特定群体的需要。(建议信)
amuse / 'mju z/ vt. (提供)消遣；逗笑
① amuse sb./oneself 逗某人笑/自娱自乐
② amusement n. 娱乐，愉悦；娱乐活动，消遣活动
with amusement 愉悦地
to one's amusement 使某人感到好笑的是
③ amusing adj. 逗人笑的；有乐趣的；好笑的
④ amused adj. 逗乐的；觉得好笑的
be amused at/by 被……逗笑
be amused to do sth. 做某事觉得好笑
keep sb. amused 使某人快乐
【写作金句】 Judging the voice not by appearance but by the voice itself makes the TV show stand out from numerous amusement programmes. 不是从外表而是从声音本身来判断声音，这使得这个电视节目在众多娱乐节目中脱颖而出。(推荐信)
[后练习]
考点1 critical的相关用法
① [译林选必四U4P45]Do not (critical) them or reject them simply because they differ from what you know or believe.
② [译林选必一U3P40]However, some (critical) suggest that on closer inspection, the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems.
③ [写作迁移]不言而喻，海洋在世界上发挥着至关重要的作用。
It goes without saying that .
考点2 trap的相关用法
① The eye-catching advertisements will trap us buying things that we actually don't need.
② (trap) in the mine, the workers felt worried and frightened all the time.
③ [写作迁移]The thief who was trapped in the house attempted to escape from the window.
→ attempted to escape from the window. (用过去分词短语作定语)
考点3 come about及其拓展短语的相关用法
① One day, I an old friend in the street, who told me that his new book would come out soon.
② The book has been translated into thirty languages since it in 1973 and it is worth reading again and again.
③ The dancers, all of whose masks suddenly, gave us a great surprise.
④ They a lot of plans at the meeting, none of them carried out in their work.
考点4 conclusion的相关用法
① He concluded his speech a famous saying, “Pride comes before a fall.”
② [写作迁移]我从自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
考点5 bring sth. to light及其拓展短语的相关用法
① Her parents died when she was a baby and she by her aunt.
② The bright colours of the painting really the beauty of the room.
③ The most important thing to the company is to new equipment.
④ This picture often to me many happy memories of my high school days.
⑤ The company decided to the prices to attract more customers.
⑥ [写作迁移]研究人员正在努力揭示社交媒体对当今青少年心理健康的影响。
Researchers are trying to .
考点6 committed的相关用法
① I took the College Entrance Examination and committed myself to (get) into college.
② [人教选必一U1P4]A talented scientist well known for his (commit) to his country, Huang Danian committed (he) to his research in geophysics.
③ (commit) to offering better services to the users, the company will provide them with all the information they need.
④ [写作迁移]屠呦呦是一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
Tu Youyou, , graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
考点7 witness的相关用法
① His good health is a witness the success of the treatment.
② (witness) also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10：45 p．m.
③ [写作迁移·译林选必二U1P8]过去的几十年见证了网络新闻媒体发展迅速。
考点8 spring up及其拓展短语的相关用法
① Everyone when the principal walked in.
② [译林选必二U1P8]At almost the same time, news websites with no print editions .
③ Integrity and honesty are words that when talking of the man.
④ I decided to the old man's meal, which made him very moved.
考点9 persuade的相关用法
① Bill had expected to retire at 60, but his colleagues persuaded him (stay) on for a few more years.
② What do you think were some of the more (persuade) arguments on the other side
③ It didn't take much (persuade) to get her to tell us where he was.
④ [写作迁移]试图劝他休假是没有用的，因为他是个工作狂。
because he is a workaholic.
考点10 boost的相关用法
① [写作迁移]爸爸的话增强了我的信心。
② [写作迁移]如果我托你一把，你能够到窗户吗？
, could you reach the window
考点11 memorable的相关用法
① [译林选必二U1P11]A common technique to make an impact is to create a (memory) slogan.
② To (memory) these key words, I repeat them again and again.
③ After the tsunami, a (memory) was put up where there had once been a school.
④ [写作迁移]这部电影是为了纪念那些奔赴前线的勇敢医生而拍摄的。
The film was made .
考点12 get across及其拓展短语的相关用法
① During the summer festival, the local folks encouraged visitors to and explore all the beauty of this village.
② Now that we all live under one roof, we should learn how to each other.
③ Believe in yourself. You are sure to the present difficulty.
④ The humour didn't amuse the audience in that the performer couldn't its real meaning.
⑤ The child ought to be punished. You shouldn't let him telling lies!
考点13 discount的相关用法
① The theatre gives 10% discount to parties of more than ten.
② They are selling old-fashioned clothes a discount.
③ [写作迁移]我们城市有一家折扣店，在那里我们可以买到便宜的商品。
考点14 tailor的相关用法
① [写作迁移]我们可以根据病人的需要调整这个方案。
② [写作迁移]穿黑衣服的那位男士是本店最好的裁缝。
考点15 amuse的相关用法
① [译林选必二U1P13]After lunch the residents and the young volunteers amused (they) with art activities which included Chinese painting and calligraphy.
② [译林选必三U1P12]Two tall slim local people were standing by the roadside watching us with
(amuse).
③ The lecture was given in a relaxing and (amuse) way, but was still rich in helpful and practical knowledge.
release /r 'li s/ A. vt. 发布，公布 B. vt. 松开，使自由移动(或飞翔、降落等) C. vt. 释放，放走 D. vt. 发泄，宣泄 E. n. 释放 F. n. 发行，公布
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① More than 10,000 balloons were released at the ceremony.
② He called for the immediate release of all political prisoners.
③ Police have released no further details about the accident.
④ [外研选必一U5P74]The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.
⑤ She burst into tears, releasing all her pent-up emotions.
discrimination /d skr m 'ne n/ A. n. 辨别力，识别力 B. n. 歧视，区别对待
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必二U1P3]With great discrimination, every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader.
② They have determined to end racial discrimination in areas such as employment.
mount /ma nt/ A. vi. 逐步增加 B. vt. 攀登，爬上 C. n. 山
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Pressure is mounting on the government to change the law.
② He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd.
③ Mount Tai is a well-known tourist attraction, which is famous for its unique sunrise.
channel /'t nl/ A. n. 途径，渠道 B. n. 电视台，频道 C. n. 方法，手段 D. n. 水渠 E. n. 海峡
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必二U1P11]As media channels have grown in number and type, so have advertisements.
② Complaints must be made through the proper channels.
③ Music is a great channel for releasing your emotions.
④ The English Channel separates England and France.
⑤ [人教选必四U2P23]Then they cut a channel through Mount Yulei to discharge the excess water.
peak /pi k/ A. adj. 高峰时期的，巅峰状态的
B. n. 顶峰，高峰 C. vi. 达到高峰，达到最高值
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Mount Qomolangma is the world's highest peak.
② Summer is the peak time for electricity consumption.
③ Food sales usually peak just before the Spring Festival in China.
absorb / b'z b/ A. vt. 理解，掌握 B. vt. 吸收 C. vt. 吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注
D. vt. 耗费，耗去(大量金钱、时间等)
E. vt. 使并入，吞并
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
② I haven't had time to absorb everything he said in fact.
③ [人教选必三U2P20]I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night.
④ Defense spending absorbs almost 30% of the country's wealth.
⑤ Many of these farmers have been absorbed into the urban workforce in recent years.
brighten up A. (使)增添乐趣 B. 使更艳丽
C. (使)快活起来 D. 放晴义
① Fresh flowers will brighten up any room in the house.
② He brightened up at their words of encouragement.
③ In the distance, the sky was beginning to brighten up.
④ A personal letter will usually brighten up a person's day.
by＋时间 到……(时间)为止
【课本原句】 By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor. 截至此时，火势已蔓延到十六楼。
此处by意为“到……时为止”，后接过去时间，句子的谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)；后接现在时间，句子的谓语动词用现在完成时(has/have done)；后接将来时间，句子的谓语动词用将来完成时(will/shall have done)。
【写作迁移】 语法填空/翻译句子
① By now, we (complete) 80% of our work.
② By the time the fire engine arrived, the house (burn) to the ground.
③ By the time this letter reaches you, I (leave) the country.
④ 当我到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
现在分词短语作结果状语
【课本原句】 A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged. 周日晚间突发一场可怕的大火，致使亨德森大楼严重受损。
① 本句中leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语时，表示自然而然的结果。
② 现在分词作结果状语，表示意料、情理之中的结果；动词不定式作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果。
He was busy writing a story, only stopping once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
他当时一直忙于写一个故事，只是偶尔停下来抽支烟。
I reached the station only to find that my train had already left.
我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。
【写作迁移】 语法填空/翻译句子
① The news shocked the public, (lead) to great concern about students' safety at school.
② George returned after the war, only (tell) that his wife had left him.
③ 不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，整个家庭状况更糟了。
④ 许多树被狂风刮倒，把道路和铁路都堵塞了。
[先讲解]
compete /k m'pi t/ vi. 参加比赛；竞争
① compete in 参加比赛(或竞赛)
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against sb. for sth. 为……和某人竞争
② competitor n. 对手；竞赛者
③ competition n. 竞赛；比赛
in competition with 与……竞争
④ competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的
【写作金句】 [外研选必四P100]In the competitive world of business, the keys to success are innovation and creativity. 在竞争激烈的商业世界中，成功的关键在于创新和创造力。(主旨升华)
motivate /'m t ve t/ vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因
① motivate sb. to do sth. 激励/激发某人做某事
be motivated by 受……激励/激发；出于……原因
② motivation n. 动力；积极性
the motivation for sth. 做某事的动力
③ unmotivated adj. 不感兴趣的，缺少动力的
【写作金句】 [译林选必三U2P25]With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure. 每次太空任务都会带来更深入的洞察，从而激励我们继续沿着同样的冒险之路前进。(演讲稿)
demonstrate /'dem nstre t/ vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威
① demonstrate sth. to sb. 向某人说明/示范某事
demonstrate against 示威反对……
demonstrate in favour of 示威支持……
② demonstration n. 表现；证明；示范；游行示威
③ demonstrator n. 示威者
【写作金句】
① [人教选必一U4P38]In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. 在日本，与老年人交谈时低头可能表示尊重。(建议信)
② This scene is a clear demonstration of how technology has changed the daily life. 这个场景清晰地展示了技术是如何改变日常生活的。(情景描写)
applaud / 'pl d/ vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌
① applaud sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而称赞某人
② applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩
a round of applause 一阵掌声
【写作金句】 No sooner had Tu Youyou stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 屠呦呦一上台，观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。(情景描写)
consistent /k n's st nt/ adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的
① be consistent in 在……方面一致
be consistent with 与……一致
② consistently adv. 一致地；连续地
③ consistency n. 一致性；连贯性
④ inconsistent adj. 不一致的；相矛盾的
【写作金句】 Life is like a marathon where perseverance and consistent efforts count. 生活就像一场马拉松，毅力和持续努力至关重要。(主旨升华)
faith /fe θ/ n. 信心；宗教信仰
① have faith in 对……有信心
lose faith in 对……失去信心
keep faith with 对……守信用；对……忠诚
break faith with不守信用；对……不忠诚
② faithful adj. 忠实的，忠诚的
be faithful to 对……忠诚
③ faithfully adv. 如实地；忠实地
【写作金句】 Have faith in yourself, be faithful to your work and make every effort and then you are not far away from success. 对自己有信心，忠于自己的工作，尽你所能，你就离成功不远了。(主旨升华)
ambition / m'b n/ n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志
① achieve/realize/fulfil one's ambition 实现某人的夙愿
have an ambition to do sth. 有做某事的愿望
② ambitious adj. 有野心的；有雄心的
③ ambitiously adv. 有野心地；有雄心地
【写作金句】 With constant efforts, we can make progress and eventually fulfil our ambitions. 通过不断的努力，我们会进步，最终实现我们的抱负。(主旨升华)
identical /a 'dent kl/ adj. 完全同样的
① be identical to/with 与……完全相同
be identical in 在……方面完全相同
② identically adv. 完全同样地
③ identity n. 身份；特征；一致
④ identify vt. 发现；确认；说明身份
⑤ identification n. 鉴定，辨认；确认，确定；身份证明
【写作金句】 [北师必修三U9P66]In places like Japan, boys and girls read for enjoyment at an almost identical level, with 54% of boys and 58% of girls reporting that they enjoy reading. 在日本等地，男孩和女孩为寻求乐趣而阅读的人数几乎相同，54名男孩和58名女孩表示他们喜欢阅读。(投稿)
complain /k m'ple n/ vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉
① complain to sb. about/of sth. 向某人抱怨某事
complain that从句 抱怨/投诉……
② complaint n. 抱怨；不满；投诉
make a complaint about/against 投诉……
a letter of complaint 投诉信
【写作金句】 Anyone complaining about life often can never experience the real happiness in life.
任何抱怨生活的人永远体会不到生活中真正的快乐。(主旨升华)
[后练习]
考点1 compete的相关用法
① As the youngest (compete), Tim will compete the writing contest 30 other top students the annual award of writing. So he must be very (compete) so that he can win in the (compete)．
② [写作迁移·人教必修三U5P54]竞争如此激烈，以至于没有人确定谁会获得最佳演员奖。
no one was sure who would win the Best Actor award.
考点2 motivate的相关用法
① [北师选必一U1P23]When feeling bad or stressed, introverts look inside themselves for energy and (motivate).
② Creativity is the most important quality to keep students interested and (motivate)．
③ [北师选必一U1P22]When extroverts feel bad, (motivate) or without energy, they look outside themselves.
④ [写作迁移]对一个学生来说，没有学习的动力可能是最危险的事情。
考点3 demonstrate的相关用法
① They demonstrated the government's nuclear policy.
② [译林选必三U3P30]According to some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in length, (demonstrate) the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.
③ We were given a brief (demonstrate) of the computer's functions.
④ [写作迁移·译林选必三U4P48]这一成功表明了危机时期国际合作的力量。
in times of crisis.
考点4 applaud的相关用法
① [译林选必二U2P19]However, it is not only the athletes who deserve (applaud)．
② I applauded her having the courage to refuse.
③ [写作迁移·外研必修二U4P55]看到我所有的家人和朋友在观众中为我鼓掌，我感到很自信和感激。
， I felt so confident and grateful.
考点5 consistent的相关用法
① [译林选必三U1P5]I'm amazed that Calgary has been (consistent) recognized as one of the world's most liveable cities!
② We need to ensure the (consistent) of service to our customers.
③ [写作迁移]只有当我们言行一致时，我们才能得到他人的信任。(only位于句首)
考点6 faith的相关用法
① As is shown in the movie, under no circumstances should you lose faith yourself.
② I'm looking forward to receiving congratulations from my (faith) friends.
③ [写作迁移·人教必修三U1P5改]节日是社会的重要组成部分，它们反映了人们的愿望、信仰和对生活的态度。
Festivals are an important part of society, .
考点7 ambition的相关用法
① [写作迁移]中国年轻人应该有雄心壮志，努力工作，不辜负国家和人们的期望。
, living up to the expectations of the country and the people.
② [写作迁移]只有具备足够的知识和技能，一个人才能实现他的目标。
Only if one has enough knowledge and skills can he .
考点8 identical的相关用法
① [译林必修二U3P36]Finally, traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help shape our national (identify)．
② The new smartphone model is identical the previous version, featuring the same design and specifications as before.
③ [北师选必四U11P36]One man showed his (identify) papers to a soldier, but the American simply said, “Sorry.”
考点9 complain的相关用法
① Neighbourhood residents complain frequently their driveways being blocked by illegally parked cars.
② [北师选必四U11P30]He moved out of his rented flat after (complain) from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.
③ [写作迁移]我写此信意在投诉贵宾馆的服务。(投诉信)
rank /r k/ A. vi. & vt. 属于某等级
B. vi. & vt. 把……分等级 C. vt. 排列，使排成行 D. n. 地位，级别 E. n. 等级
F. n. 排，列 G. n. 军衔
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必二U2P17]In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time, China also ranked first in the medal table.
② The teacher ranked the students according to their grades.
③ She ranked the bottles in order of size along the self.
④ [人教选必三U1P2]Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.
⑤ He was promoted to the rank of captain.
relay /'ri le / A. n. 接力赛 B. vt. 转送，转发(信息、消息等) C. vt. 播放，转播
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Lewis has recently recovered his fitness and will clash with Christie in the 4×100m relay.
② [人教选必四U4P44]Today, I want to relay to you that I'm proud of the work my mother has done, and I am now supportive of it.
③ The game was relayed by satellite to audiences all over the world.
session /'se n/ A. n. 一段时间 B. n. 一场，一节 C. n. 会议，开庭 D. n. 学年
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① After two late-night sessions, the Security Council has failed to reach agreement.
② The dancers can earn anything between ￡20 and ￡30 for each session.
③ He collapsed following a vigorous exercise session at his home.
④ After the long summer holiday, these children can't wait to start the next session.
constitution / k nst 'tju n/ A. n. 体质，身体素质 B. n. 宪法，章程 C. n. 组成，形成
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必二U2P21改]While I didn't feel that I had a strong constitution to run that far, I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could.
② According to the American Constitution, presidential elections are held every four years.
③ He recommended the constitution of a review committee.
handle /'h ndl/ A. vt. 处理，应付 B. vt. 控制，操纵 C. n. 把手，拉手
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [人教选必二U2P15]How can students prepare to handle these challenges before going abroad
② Winding this handle, you can easily operate this old-fashioned film projector.
③ I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
强调句型
【课本原句】 It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. 是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。
① 强调句的基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。如果被强调部分指物，用that；如果被强调部分指人，用who/that。
He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语the book，指物)
→It was he that/who bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语he，指人)
② 在强调句型中，被强调的成分除了是名词、代词、介词短语等之外，也可以是从句。
It was when he got back that he knew what had happened. (强调when引导的时间状语从句)
③ 强调not...till/until 结构时，句型为：It is/was not until...that...
It was not until I got home that I realized that I had left my bag at school.
直到到家我才发现书包落在学校了。
④ 一般疑问句式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分
Was it because of his illness that he didn't go to see the film
⑤ 特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他部分
What was it that made his mother so disappointed
【特别提醒】 强调句型的最大特点是：去掉It is/was和that/who后，句子结构仍然完整。
比较下面两句：
① It was twelve o'clock at night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. (该句不是强调句型，when引导的是时间状语从句)
② It was at 5 o'clock that the visitors finally arrived at Pudong International Airport. (该句是强调句型，被强调的部分是时间状语at 5 o'clock)
【写作迁移】 把下列句子改成强调句型
① Her husband met her at the airport yesterday.
→
② I didn't go to bed until he got back deep into the night.
→
③ He got married to a beautiful lady on July 26th last year.
→
as引导非限制性定语从句
【课本原句】 As Coubertin believed, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.” 正如顾拜旦所信奉的：“有了奥林匹克运动会，每一代人都能庆祝他们的到来、他们生活的喜悦、他们对未来的信念、他们的雄心，以及他们进取的决心。”
① 此句中as指代整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置很灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末；as在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
常见的as引导非限制性定语从句的结构有：
As is expected... 正如所料……
As is known to all... 众所周知……
As the saying goes... 俗话说……
As is announced... 正如宣布的那样……
As is often the case... 情况常常如此……
As sb. puts it... 正如某人所说……
② which也可以指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，但不可放在句首，which在从句中一般作主语。
He had been admitted to Peking University,
which made us all surprised. 他被北京大学录取了，这让我们所有人都感到很意外。
③ as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于the same as, such...as等搭配中。
Messi is such an excellent football player as many fans are crazy about. 梅西是一名如此棒的足球运动员，以至于许多球迷都为他着迷。
【写作迁移】 句子升级/完成句子/翻译句子
① It is reported that the bus with 15 people on board fell into the river.
→ , the bus with 15 people on board fell into the river. (as引导非限制性定语从句)
② 众所周知，光比声音传播快。
, light travels faster than sound.
③ 这是她第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们大家都很惊讶。
选择性必修 第二册
Unit 1 The mass media
核心词汇
1. ① criticize ② critics ③ oceans play a critical role in the world
2. ① into ② Trapped ③ The thief trapped in the house
3. ① came across ② came out ③ came off ④ came up with
4. ① with ② I concluded from my own experiences
5. ① was brought up ② bring out ③ bring in ④ brings back
⑤ bring down ⑥ bring to light the impact of social media on the mental health of teenagers today
6. ① getting ②commitment; himself ③ Committed ④ a committed and patient scientist
7. ① to ② Witnesses ③ The past decades have witnessed the rapid development of online news media.
8. ① sprang to their feet ② sprang up ③ spring to mind
④ spring for
9. ① to stay ② persuasive ③ persuasion ④ It is no use trying to persuade him to have a holiday
10. ① What my father said boosted my confidence. ② If I give you a boost
11. ① memorable ② memorize ③ memorial ④ in memory of those brave doctors who went to the front
12. ① gets about/around ② get along/on with ③ get over
④ get across ⑤ get away with
13. ① a ② at ③ There's a discount store in our city, where we can buy cheap goods.
14. ① We can tailor the programme to the patient's needs.
② The man in black is the best tailor in this shop.
15. ① themselves ② amusement ③ amusing
一词多义
1. ① B ② E ③ A ④ C ⑤ D
2. ① A ② B
3. ① A ② B ③ C
4. ① B ② A ③ C ④ E ⑤ D
5. ① B ② A ③ C
6. ① B ② A ③ C ④ D ⑤ E
7. ① B ② C ③ D ④ A
重难句式
1. ① have completed ② had burned ③ will have left ④ By the time I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off.
2. ① leading ② to be told
③ Unfortunately, his father passed away, leaving the family even worse off.
④ Many trees were blown down by strong winds, blocking roads and railway lines.
Unit 2 Sports culture
核心词汇
1. ① competitor; in; with/against; for; competitive; competition
② The competition was so close that
2. ① motivation ② motivated ③ unmotivated ④ Having no motivation for study may be the most dangerous thing for a student.
3. ① against ② demonstrating ③ demonstration ④ This success demonstrates the power of international cooperation
4. ① applause ② for ③ Seeing all my family and friends in the audience applaud me
5. ① consistently ② consistency ③ Only when our words are consistent with our actions can we earn others' trust.
6. ① in ② faithful ③ which reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life
7. ① Young Chinese should be ambitious and work hard
② achieve/realize/fulfil his ambition
8. ① identity ② with/to ③ identification
9. ① about/of ② complaints ③ I am writing to make a complaint about/against the service of your hotel.
一词多义
1. ① A ② B ③ C ④ D ⑤ G
2. ① A ② B ③ C
3. ① C ② B ③ A ④ D
4. ① A ② B ③ C
5. ① A ② C ③ B
重难句式
1. ① It was her husband who/that met her at the airport yesterday.
② It was not until he got back deep into the night that I went to bed.
③ It was on July 26th last year that he got married to a beautiful lady.
2. ① As is reported ② As is known to all ③ It is the third time that she has won the race, which surprised us all/which made us all surprised.
Unit 3 Fit for life
核心词汇
1. ① related/relating ② relation ③ relate to children because of the generation gap ④ were related to his personality
2. ① restoration ② to ③ These measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy.
3. ① to ② fundamentally ③ is fundamental to doing anything well
4. ① restrictions ② restricted ③ restrictive ④ to
5. ① from ② prohibition
6. ① having ② resistant ③ has a natural resistance to certain diseases
7. ① on/about ② debater ③ Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is under debate.
8. ① that ② whether ③ Without doubt, health is more important than wealth. /There is no doubt that health is more important than wealth.
9. ① to; for ② gratitude ③ gratefully ④ I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
10. ① disabled ② disability
11. ① disturbing ② disturbed ③ disturbance
12. ① gone to great lengths to ② at arm's length ③ in length
④ at length
13. ① yourself/yourselves ② to ③ adjustments ④ adjustable
14. ① that ② evident; evidence; evidently ③ There is strong evidence that language is a gift which belongs to humans only.
15. ① dates ② dating
16. ① switches ② to ③ off
17. ① infection ② infected ③ infectious
一词多义
1. ① D ② A ③ B ④ C
2. ① A ② C ③ D ④ E ⑤ B
3. ① C ② A ③ B ④ D
4. ① A ② B ③ E ④ C ⑤ D
5. ① A ② B ③ D ④ C
重难句式
1. ① Nothing is more important than health in our daily lives.
② Health is more important than anything else in our daily lives.
③ Health is the most important thing in our daily lives.
2. ① All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.
② He found it difficult to adapt himself to the climate here.
Unit 4 Living with technology
核心词汇
1. ① financial ② financially ③ be financed
2. ① threatened ② to blow ③ under ④ If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food
3. ① urgent; urgency ② to make ③ urgent ④ The public urged that the government (should) take measures
4. ① to know ② demanding ③ (should) be expressed
5. ① break in ② broke into ③ break down ④ broke out
⑤ broke through
6. ① distribution ② distributor(s) ③ Distributed
7. ① predictions ② predictable ③ No one can predict what will happen in the future.
8. ① is covered ② are polluted ③ in
9. ① burying ② buried ③ burying his head in his arms; with his head buried in his arms
10. ① justified ② spending ③ justification
11. ① superiority ② to/over ③ superiors ④ which is far superior to mine
12. ① definition ② definitely ③ It is extremely wrong to define happiness as owning a lot of money.
13. ① in ② engagement ③ to ④ engaged in after-school activities are happier
一词多义
1. ① B ② A ③ C ④ D
2. ① C ② A ③ B ④ D
3. ① E ② C ③ D ④ A ⑤ B
4. ① B ② C ③ A
5. ① A ② B
6. ① B ② A
重难句式
① There is no denying that this technology is transforming the way (that/in which) we live.
② What surprised me was not what he said but the way (that/in which) he said it.
③ It's quite easy to make quite small changes to the way (that/in which) you work.
