选择性必修 第四册
Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility
核心词汇
1. ① appointment; to pick ② Appointed ③ make an appointment with
2. ① themselves ② in ③ Torn ④ off
3. ① got in/made contact with; kept in contact with; lose contact with ② contact us ③ I was caught in a dust storm and lost contact with them.
4. ① reliable ② on ③ When facing difficulties, you had better not always rely on others to help you out.
5. ① suspected ② was suspected ③ suspects
6. ① making ② from ③ resignation ④ After careful consideration, I have decided to resign as chairman of the Students' Union.
7. ① guilty ② Out of guilt, I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again.
8. ① of ② to admit ③ ashamed; shameful ④ Anne was praised in class, and she felt happy as well as ashamed.
9. ① disappointment ② disappointed ③ to find ④ in a rude manner; making her mother disappointed and annoyed/which made her mother disappointed and annoyed
10. ① to be reading ② to fall ③ pretend to know what we don't know
11. ① at ② on ③ merciful
12. ① discouraging ② discouraged ③ discouragements
④ His parents tried to discourage him from going abroad but failed.
13. ① weigh on ② weigh up ③ weigh out
一词多义
1. ① A ② B
2. ① A ② B
3. ① A ② B ③ C ④ D
4. ① A ② B
5. ① A ② B ③ C
6. ① A ② B
7. ① C ② A ③ B
重难句式
① It's difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time.
② It is a great honour to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
③ When my parents are old, it is my duty to take care of them.
Unit 2 Understanding each other
核心词汇
1. ① competence ② competently ③ to carry ④ keep up their professional competence
2. ① negotiating ② negotiable ③ negotiation
3. ① in ② sympathetic ③ the poor in our community out of sympathy
4. ① on account of ② give an account of ③ On no account
④ accounts for
5. ① approval ② of ③ approved ④ We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal. /We would be grateful if you could give approval to our proposal.
6. ① embarrassment ② embarrassing ③ They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.
7. ① to/with ② correspondence ③ What she has just said doesn't correspond with/to
8. ① integration ② integrated ③ Language learning can be integrated with/into
一词多义
1. ① C ② B ③ A
2. ① A ② B ③ C
3. ① B ② A
4. ① A ② C ③ D ④ B
5. ① C ② B
重难句式
① Given that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
② Given his background, it's no surprise that he can do this.
Unit 3 Careers and skills
核心词汇
1. ① for ② about ③ how passion and courage made his dream come true
2. ① anticipation ② seeing ③ we have faced more difficulties and challenges than anticipated
3. ① on ② operators ③ operation ④ The new rules will come into operation next week
4. ① Led ② leading ③ Under her leadership, the team came back to the top
5. ① on ② within ③ based on the budget we made
6. ① swung; on ② Local residents also swung into action
7. ① gained the upper hand ② has her hands full ③ hand in hand with
8. ① relevance ② to ③ He has an advantage over others because he has relevant working experience.
一词多义
1. ① C ② D ③ B
2. ① A ② B
3. ① A ② D ③ C ④ B
4. ① A ② B ③ D
5. ① B ② A
6. ① A ② C ③ B
7. ① A ② B
8. ① D ② A ③ B ④ C
重难句式
1. ① Whether or not we'll succeed, we have done our best indeed.
② You are given a free gift whether you buy our goods or not.
2. ① As a teacher, you must have a wide range of knowledge as well as patience.
② The famous medical specialist as well as some of his assistants is to attend our meeting.
③ As well as studying hard, I've been involved in social activities.
3. ① We didn't know what to do once the money had run out.
② Once you enter the university, you will be free to study whatever interests you.
Unit 4 Never too old to learn
核心词汇
1. ① they're bound to happen sooner or later ② she boarded a bus bound for Chicago ③ are bound by
2. ① to ② subscription ③ subscriber ④ The majority of people subscribe to the view that students should develop in an all-round way.
3. ① to be ② assumption ③ assumed ④ Assuming that the work will be finished ahead of time
4. ① to work/for working ② qualifications ③ Unfortunately, his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough.
5. ① at ② randomly
一词多义
1. ① A ② C ③ B ④ D
2. ① A ② B ③ C
3. ① B ② A
4. ① A ② C ③ D ④ E ⑤ B
5. ① A ② D ③ B ④ C
6. ① C ② A
7. ① A ② C
重难句式
1. ① As a student, there is no need for you to care too much about the clothes.
② There is no need to keep blaming each other about the failure.
2. ① If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one.
② Several weeks had gone by before I realized the painting was missing.
3. ① Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
② Never have I imagined what life will be like in 2050.
4. ① Suddenly it dawned on me that they couldn't possibly have met before.
② It gradually dawned on me that I couldn't afford to waste any time.[先讲解]
bound /ba nd/ adj. 一定会，很可能会；有义务(做某事)
be bound to do sth. 一定会，很可能会
be bound by sth. (to do sth.) 受……约束
be bound for sp. 前往某地
be bound up in sth. 忙于某事；热衷于某事
【写作金句】 So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are bound to succeed. 只要我们坚持自己的理想，永不放弃，我们就一定会成功。(主旨升华)
subscribe /s b'skra b/ vi. 订阅；定期订购(或订阅等)
① subscribe to订阅；定期订购(或订阅等)；同意，赞成；定期捐款
② subscription n. (报刊等的)订阅费，订购款，订阅，订购
③ subscriber n. (报刊的)订阅人，订购者，订户
【写作金句】 [人教选必二U1P4]Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming. 许多科学家认同人类活动导致全球变暖的观点。(报道)
assumption / 's mp n/ n. 假定，假设
① make an assumption假定
on the assumption that从句 假定……
② assume vt. 假定；认为；承担
assume sb./sth. to be 认为某人/某物是……
It is generally assumed that从句 人们普遍认为……
③ assuming conj. 假如
assuming (that)从句 假如……
【写作金句】 ①It is generally assumed that drinking tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory. 人们普遍认为，喝茶不仅能提神，还能增强我们的记忆力。(投稿)
②[译林选必四U1P12]Apart from personal development, assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society. 除了个人发展，对自己的行为负责对于改善社会也很重要。(主旨升华)
qualify /'kw l fa / vt. 使合格，使具备资格
vi. 取得资格(或学历)，合格
① qualify as 取得……资格
qualify sb. for sth. 使某人具备……资格
qualify sb. to do sth. 使某人具备做某事的资格
② qualified adj. 具备……的学历(或资历)；符合资格
be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
③ qualification n. 资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准
【写作金句】 In terms of qualification, ability and experience, you are perfectly qualified for the position. 就资历、能力和经验而言，你完全胜任这个职位。(邀请信)
random /'r nd m/ adj. 随机的；辨认不出的
① at random 随机地
② randomly adv. 随机地
【写作金句】 I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. 我坐在地板上，随意从书架上拽下来几本书。(动作描写)
[后练习]
考点1 bound的相关用法
① [写作迁移·外研选必三U4P43]Some of these ideas may sound far ahead of their time, but I'm sure (它们注定迟早会发生的)!
② [写作迁移]After an evening of overtime work at the office, (她上了一辆开往芝加哥的公共汽车)．
③ [写作迁移]You (受……约束) the contract to pay before the end of the month.
考点2 subscribe的相关用法
① I've personally never subscribed the view that either sex is superior to the other.
② You can become a member by paying the yearly (subscribe)．
③ I have been a (subscribe) to Newsweek for many years.
④ [写作迁移]大多数人赞同学生应该全面发展的观点。
考点3 assumption的相关用法
① We students assume him (be) the most qualified professor in our school.
② [译林选必四U4P47]Before the first black swan was seen, the (assume) was that all swans were white.
③ It is generally (assume) that we should well preserve those ancient buildings which are of great significance.
④ [写作迁移]假定这份工作提前完成，下一步我们该做什么？
, what should we do next
考点4 qualify的相关用法
① [译林选必四U4P48]Vocational education is no less important than academic education because it can qualify applicants (work) in a particular field.
② [译林选必四U3P37]After much thought, I decided to develop these skills and get the right (qualify) by studying art at university.
③ [写作迁移·人教选必三U4P40] 不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，资格不够。
考点5 random的相关用法
① We received several answers, and we picked one random.
② [人教必修三U3P36]A 2001 study measured diversity based on how likely it is for two (random) selected people to have different backgrounds.
composition / k mp 'z n/ A. n. (绘画、摄影的)构图 B. n. 构成，成分 C. n. 作文
D. n. 作品 E. n. 作曲；创作
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① It's their shared appreciation for one of the most important aspects of photography—composition.
② Apart from a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written.
③ Scientists study the composition of the soil brought from the moon.
④ [人教必修二U5P52]Over the next 10 years, Whitacre's original compositions began to become quite popular among choirs and singers.
resolve /r 'z lv/ A. vt. 解决 B. vt. & vi. 决心，决定 C. n. 决心，坚定的信念
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late.
② She resolved to report the matter to the hospital's nursing supervisor.
③ [人教选必四U2P19]This expresses the strength and resolve of the Australians as individuals and as a nation.
objective / b'd ekt v/ A. adj. 客观的，不带个人感情的 B. n. 目标，目的
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [外研选必三U3P35]Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.
② [译林选必四U4P45]Be objective and make yourself open to new knowledge and ideas.
register /'red st (r)/ A. vi. & vt. 登记，注册 B. vt. (正式地或公开地)发表意见，提出主张 C. vt. 显示(读数) D. n. 语体风格
E. n. 登记表
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [外研选必三U1P3]Last month they registered me for a TV programme, A New You.
② The earthquake registered 3 on the Richter scale.
③ The essay suddenly switches from a formal to an informal register.
④ Could you sign the hotel register please, sir
⑤ China has registered a protest over foreign intervention.
abstract /' bstr kt/ A. adj. 抽象的，纯理论的 B. n. (文献等的)摘要，概要
/ b'str kt/ C. vt. 把……抽象出 D. vt. 抽取
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师选必二U5P31]The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen because it is such an abstract concept.
② He came up with a plan to abstract 8 million gallons of water from the river.
③ It might also be necessary to supply an abstract of the review of the literature as well.
④ She abstracted the main points from the argument.
concrete /'k kri t/ A. adj. 确实的，具体的
B. adj. 有形的，实在的 C. n. 混凝土
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① The Romans were the first to use concrete as a building material.
② [外研选必四U5P78]Lacking any concrete evidence, some even claim it was supernatural powers!
prospect /'pr spekt/ A. n. 成功的机会，前景
B. n. 可能性 C. n. (竞赛中的)有望获胜者
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必四U4P48]Once a job has been secured, those with vocational qualifications often have better prospects of promotion within the company.
② She is one of Canada's best prospects for a gold medal.
there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 没有必要做某事
【课本原句】 This is not to suggest that there is no need for you to study in school but to acknowledge that refreshing your knowledge through lifelong learning is both essential and beneficial. 这并不是说你不需要在学校学习，而是承认通过终身学习来更新你的知识是必要的和有益的。
there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 意为“没有必要做某事”。该句型中to do sth. 是不定式作定语修饰need。
【写作迁移】 用以上句型翻译句子
① 作为一名学生，你没有必要太关注衣服。
② 没有必要一直因为失败而互相指责。
before引导时间状语从句
【课本原句】 Before I knew it, the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life. 还没等我反应过来，典礼就结束了，我的大学生活也落下了帷幕。
before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，其基本意思是“在……之前”，但根据语境会有很多不同的含义，如before sb. knew it (不知不觉地)、before sb. can/could...(某人还没来得及……就……)等。
【写作迁移】 用before引导的时间状语从句翻译句子
① 如果你错过了这个机会，你可能要过几年才能得到另一个机会。
② 几个星期之后我才意识到那幅画不见了。
否定副词位于句首的倒装
【课本原句】 Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life. 我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。
否定副词位于句首时，句子应该采用部分倒装形式，其结构为：否定词＋助词/情态动词＋主语＋其他成分。
常见的否定副词有never、nor、neither、seldom、hardly、no sooner、by no means、at no time、on no account、not until等。
【写作迁移】 用以上句型翻译句子
① 直到我开始工作，我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
② 我从未想过2050年的生活会是什么样子。
It dawns on sb. that从句 某人意识到……
【课本原句】 It soon dawned on me that many university professors are quite willing to share what they know, and they do take a genuine interest in their students' intellectual development. 很快我就开始明白，许多大学教授非常愿意分享他们所知道的，并且他们的确真心实意地关注学生的智力发展。
“It dawns on sb. that从句”意为“某人意识到……”。在该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
【写作迁移】 用以上句型翻译句子
① 我突然明白他们以前不可能见过面。
② 我渐渐明白我不能再浪费时间了。
[先讲解]
passion /'p n/ n. 酷爱；强烈情感
① have a passion for 酷爱……
② passionate adj. 热诚的；狂热的
be passionate about 对……热诚
【写作金句】 [人教选必一U1P8]While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, Einstein continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热爱，爱因斯坦继续学习，并于1905年获得物理学博士学位。(人物介绍)
anticipate / n't s pe t/ vt. 预料；预计
① anticipate doing sth. 预期做某事
anticipate that从句 预料……
② anticipation n. 预料，预期，预见；期盼，期望
in anticipation of 预料，预期
【写作金句】 [北师选必二U6P59改]Most people know and anticipate that the main purpose of the advertisement is to make customers buy the product. 大多数人都知道并能够预见广告的主要目的是让客户购买产品。(投稿)
operate /' p re t/ vt. 操作，使运行
vi. 运转，工作；经营，营业
① operate on sb. 给某人做手术
② operation n. 运转，运行，操作；手术
come into operation 开始生效，开始工作
be in operation 工作中，使用中；有效
put sth. into operation 实施；使……运转；启用
have an operation 动手术
③ operator n. 操作人员，技工
【写作金句】 In order to keep the environment from being polluted, our government will put the new regulations into operation soon. 为了阻止环境受到污染，我们政府将很快实施新规定。(环境保护)
leadership /'li d p/ n. 领导应有的品质；领导地位
① under one's leadership 在某人的领导下
② lead vi. & vt. 带路；领路；引领 n. 领先地位
lead to sp. 通往某地
lead to sb.'s/sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事
lead sb. to do sth. 带领某人做某事
lead a．..life 过……的生活
lead the way 带路；处于领先地位
③ leading adj. 最重要的，一流的；领先的
【写作金句】 In the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in my hometown with the development of tourism under the leadership of the government. 在过去的10年里，在政府的领导下，随着旅游业的发展，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(演讲稿)
budget /'b d t/ n. 预算
vi. & vt. 谨慎花钱；把……编入预算
① on a tight budget 预算紧张
within budget 未超出预算
over budget 超出预算
② budget (sth.) for sth. 谨慎花钱；把……编入预算
【写作金句】 Mum always worked out the household budget according to what we could afford. 妈妈总是根据我们的经济能力来做家庭预算。(人物介绍)
swing /sw / vi. & vt. (swung, swung)(使)改变；(使)摆动，摇摆 n. 改变；摆动；秋千
① swing into action 立即行动起来，马上大干起来
swing from A to B＝swing between A and B (使)改变(意见、情绪等)；在……之间摇摆
swing (sth.) at sb./sth. (挥动某物)朝……打去
② in full swing 处于兴盛阶段
【写作金句】 Autumn is here and you can see lots of fruits swinging in the wind, ready to be picked.
秋天到了，你可以看到许多水果在风中摇曳，等待采摘。(场景描写)
gain the upper hand 处于有利地位，有优势
by hand 手工
in hand 在手头；可供使用
out of hand 难以(或无法)控制
hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联
give/lend sb. a hand 帮某人一个忙
have one's hands full 忙得不可开交；应接不暇
on the one hand...on the other (hand) 一方面……，另一方面……
fall into sb.'s hands/the hands of sb. 受制于某人；被某人控制
【写作金句】 The candidate's fluent oral English let her gain the upper hand, finally seizing the opportunity given by the firm. 应聘者流利的英语口语让她占了上风，最终抓住了公司给她的机会。(申请信)
relevant /'rel v nt/ adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的
① be relevant to 与……紧密相关
② relevantly adv. 紧密相关地；更重要的是
③ relevance n. 相关性
【写作金句】 [外研选必四U4P60]Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy. 尽管如此，毫无疑问，共享经济与我们的日常生活以及全球经济越发紧密相关。(投稿)
[后练习]
考点1 passion的相关用法
① [译林选必四U3P30]Yang Liwei, for example, driven by his passion flying, became a pilot and then China's first astronaut in space.
② [北师必修一U2P46]I'm really happy to share with you how passionate I am sports and what I do to keep fit.
③ [写作迁移·人教选必四U3P28]在新闻发布会上，他谈到了激情和勇气是如何让他的梦想成真的。
At his press conference, he talked about .
考点2 anticipate的相关用法
① He bought extra food in (anticipate) of more people coming than he'd invited.
② [人教选必二U4P39]However, they did not anticipate (see) such an open country, and were truly amazed.
③ [写作迁移]过去一年，我们面临的困难和挑战比预期的要多。
Over the past year, .
考点3 operate的相关用法
① The patient was in great danger, so the doctors decided to operate him immediately.
② [译林选必三U4P48]UNESCO put together an international team of architects, engineers and heavy equipment (operate), who looked at different ways of saving the temples.
③ [人教必修三U2P18]During the (operate), she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.
④ [写作迁移]新规定将于下周实施，校长预计会取得好结果。
and the headmaster anticipates having a good result.
考点4 leadership的相关用法
① (lead) by the captain, the young players worked together and beat the opponent.
② The newspaper publishes a profile of a (lead) sportsman every week.
③ [写作迁移·北师选必一U2P40]在她的领导下，球队重回巅峰，赢得了2015年世界杯。
，winning the 2015 World Cup.
考点5 budget的相关用法
① How to prepare delicious and nutritious meals a tight budget
② You need to ensure the new projects will be delivered on time and budget.
③ [写作迁移·外研必修二U5P71] 我还根据我们的预算预订了住宿。
I've also booked accommodation .
考点6 swing的相关用法
① The happy girl (swing) higher and higher while she sat the swing, with her mother pushing her.
② [写作迁移]当地居民也立即行动起来，从洪水中救出680人。
, rescuing 680 people from the floods.
考点7 gain the upper hand及其拓展短语的相关用法
① Compared with his elder brother, he (占了上风) in terms of the reasoning ability.
② She certainly (忙得团团转) with four kids in the house.
③ Industrial progress should go
(和……手拉手) the development of agriculture.
考点8 relevant的相关用法
① Politicians' private lives have no (relevant) to their public roles.
② [译林选必四U4P49]At school, he attended classes relevant his chosen occupation.
③ [写作迁移]他比其他人有优势，因为他有相关的工作经验。
labour /'le b (r)/ A. n. 劳动，(尤指)体力劳动 B. n. 分娩期，分娩 C. vi. 努力做，干苦力活 D. n. 劳动力
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① Although they laboured under the unfavourable conditions, they fulfilled the plan.
② [北师必修一U3P71]Many of Dickens' stories were about the hardships of poverty and child labour.
③ Jane was in labour for ten hours before her son came to the world.
attain / 'teIn/ A. vt. (通常经过努力)获得，得到 B. vt. 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必四U3P30]Through the work we do, our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved.
② More of our young people need to attain each of these levels of expertise.
superior /su 'p ri (r)/ A. adj. (在品质上)更好的，占优势的 B. adj.(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的 C. adj. 有优越感的，高傲的
D. n. 级别(或地位、职位)更高的人
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [人教选必四U1P7] Robots are much stronger than we are and may be superior to us in the future.
② I'm going to complain to your superiors if you don't change the broken watch under guarantee.
③ The other girls in the team disliked her superior manner.
④ A superior court may review decisions of a lower court.
profile /'pr fa l/ A. n. 简介，概述 B. n. 形象
C. n. 侧面轮廓 D. vt. 概述，写简介
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [外研选必二U2P19]We would usually have posted pictures and updated our profiles.
② The deal will certainly raise the company's international profile.
③ His career is profiled in this month's journal.
institute /' nst tju t/ A. n. 机构，机构建筑
B. vt. 建立，制定(体系、政策等)
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① We will institute a number of measures to better safeguard the public.
② The National Cancer Institute now has a computerized system that can quickly provide information.
label /'le bl/ A. n. 标签 B. n. (不恰当的)称谓 C. vt. 贴标签于，用标签标明
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必四U3P37]Clothes with designer labels in shops are generally thought to be too expensive.
② [人教选必一U3P28]He ordered the dish labelled “Pumpkin Pie and Ice Cream”.
③ I hated the label “housewife”.
convey /k n've / A. vt. 表达，传递(思想、感情等) B. vt. 传送，运送
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师必修二U6P66]Although it was written by a young girl in a terrible situation, it conveys a message of courage and hope.
② Your baggage will be conveyed by helicopter from the airport to your hotel.
firm /f m/ A. adj. 强有力的，坚决的
B. adj. 坚固的，坚硬的 C. adj. 牢固的，稳固的 D. n. 商行，公司
① The firm's employees were expecting large bonuses.
② [译林选必四U3P40]So start with a firm handshake and a genuine smile when greeting the interviewer.
③ Bake the cakes until they are firm to the touch.
④ No building can stand without firm foundations, and neither can a marriage.
whether引导让步状语从句
【课本原句】 ① Whether we are scientists, lawyers, doctors, public servants, consultants, clerks, receptionists or butchers, we all make our respective contributions. 无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、职员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都做出了各自的贡献。
② Whether or not we are fond of these changes, we will need to face them. 不管我们是否喜欢这些变化，我们都需要面对它们。
whether...or/whether...or not 表示“不管……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。
【写作迁移】 用以上句型翻译句子
① 不管成功与否，我们的确已尽了最大努力。
② 不管你买不买我们的商品，你都将得到一份免费的礼物。
as well as连接两个并列成分
【课本原句】 We can take pride in the knowledge that hard work is essential for our individual well-being as well as for the benefit of our society as a whole. 我们可以自豪地认识到，努力工作对我们个人的幸福和我们整个社会的利益都是必不可少的。
as well as意为“除……之外，也，还”，用作并列连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与第一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。
【写作迁移】 用以上句型翻译句子
① 作为一名教师，你必须有广泛的知识和耐心。
② 这位著名的医学专家和他的一些助手将参加我们的会议。
③ 除了努力学习，我还参加了社交活动。
once引导时间状语从句
【课本原句】 Once you've done your homework about the company and the position, make a list of questions that could be asked during the interview and think about how to best answer them. 针对公司和职位做足功课之后，列出在面试中可能会被问到的问题，并想想如何给出最佳答案。
once意为“一旦，一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。
【写作迁移】 翻译句子
① 一旦钱花光了，我们就不知道该怎么办了。
② 一旦你进入大学，你可以自由学习任何你感兴趣的东西。
选择性必修 第四册
[先讲解]
appointment / 'p ntm nt/ n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务
① make an appointment with sb. 与某人约定
② appoint vt. 任命，委任；安排，确定(时间、地点)
appoint sb. to do sth. 任命某人做某事
appoint sb. as... 任命某人为……
③ appointed adj. 事先约定好的；指定的
【写作金句】 Learning he was appointed as head of the team, he couldn't contain his excitement and danced into the house. 得知他被任命为小组组长后，他无法掩饰自己的激动，手舞足蹈地进了家。 (动作和情感描写)
tear down 拆毁，拆除
tear apart 撕毁；撕碎
tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)
tear oneself away (from) 依依不舍地离开
tear sth. open撕开某物
tear sth. in two将某物撕成两半
tear sth. off 把……撕掉/扯掉
be torn between...and 在……和……之间左右为难
【写作金句】 No conclusion will be reached whether to tear down the old buildings for a theme park until several discussions have been made.
在进行几次讨论之后，才能就是否拆除旧建筑作为主题公园得出结论。(报道)
lose contact 失去联系
get in/make contact with 与……取得联系
lose contact with 与……失去联系
keep in contact with 与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with 与……有/没有联系
【写作金句】 The World Expo is more like a platform for cultural exchange, bringing people into closer contact with the rest of the world. 世博会更像是一个文化交流的平台，让人们与世界其他地方更紧密地联系。(报道)
reliable /r 'la bl/ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
① reliably adv. 可靠地
② reliability n. 可靠性；可信度
③ rely on/upon sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on it that从句 相信……；指望……
【写作金句】 [译林选必四U1P14]Being honest and taking responsibility mean that you are trustworthy, consistent and reliable. 诚实负责意味着你值得信赖、始终如一、可靠。(主旨升华)
suspect /s 'spekt/ vt. & vi. 疑有，觉得；怀疑
/'s spekt/ n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象
① suspect sb./sth. 怀疑某人或某事
suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做某事
suspect that从句 怀疑……
② suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑
【写作金句】 [北师选必三U9P66]The DNA is stored in a database, where policemen can find the same or similar DNA to track down suspects and victims. DNA存储在数据库中，警察可以在里面找到相同或相似的DNA来追踪嫌疑人和受害者。(报道)
resign /r 'za n/ vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去
① resign from 从……辞职
resign as... 辞去……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任；只好接受；顺从
② resignation n. 辞职；辞职信
③ resigned adj. 逆来顺受的；顺从的
be resigned to (doing) sth. 屈服于……
【写作金句】 [人教选必四U4P40]One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job. 我的梦想之一是辞职后去非洲工作，继续帮助残疾人。(申请信)
guilty /'ɡ lti/ adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
① be guilty of sth. 犯有……罪
be/feel guilty about sth. 对……感到内疚
② guilt n. 内疚；犯罪；罪责
out of guilt 出于愧疚
【写作金句】 “But I have cheated my grandmother，” she said, and tears of guilt flowed down her cheeks. 她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶。”内疚的泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来。(情感描写)
ashamed / ' e md/ adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
① be ashamed of (doing) sth. 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
be ashamed that从句 对……感到内疚
② shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
to one's shame 令某人惭愧的是
It's a shame that从句 ……真让人遗憾。
What a shame/pity! 真可惜！
③ shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的
【写作金句】 [外研必修三U1P2]Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't concentrate on anything. 我感到尴尬和羞愧，无法专注于任何事情。(求助信)
disappointed / d s 'p nt d/ adj. 失望的，沮丧的
① be disappointed with/in sb. 对某人失望
be disappointed at/by sth. 对某事失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对某事感到失望
② disappoint vt. 使失望
③ disappointing adj. 令人失望的
④ disappointment n. 失望；使人失望的人/事物
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
【写作金句】 [人教必修三U4P41]However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，虽然这些灾难带来许多伤心和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望不会磨灭。(主旨升华)
pretend /pr 'tend/ vt. & vi. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
pretend
【写作金句】 I really hope you can adjust your emotion and don't pretend to be happy every day.
我真的希望你能调整你的情绪，不要每天都假装很开心。(建议信)
mercy /'m si/ n. 仁慈，宽恕
① at the mercy of 任……处置；对……无能为力
show mercy to 怜悯……
have mercy on 对……表示怜悯
without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地
② merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的
be merciful to sb. 对某人仁慈
【写作金句】 [译林选必四U1P11]A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour. 没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。(主旨升华)
discouraged /d s'k r d d/ adj. 灰心的，泄气的
① discourage vt. 使灰心，使泄气；阻拦，劝阻
discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝阻某人做某事
② discouragement n. 泄气，灰心；阻拦，劝阻
③ discouraging adj. 令人泄气的
【写作金句】 Don't get discouraged; the road to your dreams may not be an easy one. 不要气馁！通往梦想的道路并不平坦。(主旨升华)
weigh on sb./sth. 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
① weigh up 权衡，斟酌
weigh out 称出(一定重量的东西)
weigh sb. down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡
② weight n. 重量，分量
by weight 按重量
lose weight 减肥
put on weight 增肥
【写作金句】 Life is full of challenges and puzzling. However, as long as you believe in the true, the good and the beautiful and hold your ground, you won't be weighed down. 生活充满挑战，令人困惑，但是，只要你相信真、善、美的存在，并坚守立场，就不会感到焦虑沮丧。(主旨升华)
[后练习]
考点1 appointment的相关用法
① I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I have to cancel the (appoint) with you, and I will appoint my brother (pick) you up at the airport.
② (appoint) as president of the university yesterday, he is giving a speech on the platform now.
③ [写作迁移]我需要和我的医生做个预约，讨论一下我最近出现的一些令人担忧的症状。
I need to my doctor to discuss some troubling symptoms I've been experiencing lately.
考点2 tear down及其拓展短语的相关用法
① So addicted are many students to online games that they find it difficult to tear (they) away from them.
② He was so angry that he tore the letter two.
③ (tear) between traditional fun and clear air, the public voted for the latter.
④ I tore the wrapping paper and found a cup inside.
考点3 lose contact及其拓展短语的相关用法
① I the soldier ten years ago, and we have each other for ten years. In my view, we will never each other again.
② [人教必修一U2P27]For more brochures about other package tours around Peru, please (联系我们) on our official website.
③ [写作迁移·外研选必二U6P94]我被困在了沙尘暴中，和他们失去了联系。
考点4 reliable的相关用法
① [外研必修三U6P86]So, for accurate and (rely) predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
② Nowadays parents have done everything for their children, which makes the children rely their parents heavily.
③ [写作迁移]当面临困难时，你最好不要总是指望别人会帮助你。
考点5 suspect的相关用法
① The man (suspect) of shooting 6 school children was caught by the police.
② Pilcher (suspect) of giving away government secrets to the enemy.
③ [北师选必三U9P66]Police questioned several (suspect), but they couldn't identify the person who killed the girl.
考点6 resign的相关用法
① We had to resign ourselves to (make) a loss on the sale.
② I resigned the foreign company in order to take a more challenging job.
③ Bob Morgan has offered his (resign) and it has been accepted.
④ [写作迁移]经过慎重考虑，我已决定辞去学生会主席一职。
考点7 guilty的相关用法
① [北师选必一U2P32]This worried me a lot and I felt very (guilt) being a rich man without doing anything.
② [写作迁移]出于愧疚，我向老师解释并保证这种事情不会再发生。
考点8 ashamed的相关用法
① We are often ashamed our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures.
② I was once ashamed (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
③ You should be of your behaviour at the opening ceremony. (shame)
④ [写作迁移·外研必修三U1P6]安妮在课堂上受到表扬，她感到既高兴又惭愧。
考点9 disappointed的相关用法
① [外研必修三U1P11]Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the (disappoint) and anger of others.
② [北师选必二U6P52]There are many times I have been pessimistic about or even (disappoint) by a film of a book I love.
③ She was disappointed (find) herself failing again in the driving test.
④ [写作迁移]她对待朋友态度粗鲁，这使她母亲既失望又恼怒。
She treated her friend , .
考点10 pretend的相关用法
① The naughty boy pretended (read) when the headmaster came into the classroom.
② [人教必修一U3P41]I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend (fall) down even if it helps his or her team.
③ [写作迁移]学习上遇到困难时，我们不应该不懂装懂。
When faced with difficulties in learning, we should not .
考点11 mercy的相关用法
① When the hurricane struck the coast, the whole town was the mercy of the big wave.
② I never have mercy overconfident people because they can always comfort themselves.
③ Nicholas was very kind, (mercy) and generous.
考点12 discouraged的相关用法
① Today's report is rather more (discourage) for the economy.
② [人教必修二U5P56]I was very afraid and I felt so alone and (discourage)．
③ Despite all these (discourage), she refused to give up.
④ [写作迁移]他的父母试图阻止他出国，但没有成功。
考点13 weigh on sb./sth.及其拓展短语的相关用法
① To somebody is to make somebody anxious or worried.
② You should the consequences before making this decision.
③ This is why you should flour using a kitchen scale.
substantial /s b'st n l/ A. adj. 大量的，价值巨大的 B. adj. 结实的，牢固的
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [外研选必二U5P68]Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial number of penguins.
② The house built with bricks, steel and concrete is substantial.
burden /'b dn/ A. n. (义务、责任等的)重担，负担 B. vt. (使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① It is the test system that is responsible for the heavy burden of middle school students nowadays.
② [译林选必四U1P11改]Hopefully, you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you.
bow /b / A. n. 弓 B. n. 鞠躬
/bau/ C. vt. 低(头)，垂(首) D. vi. 鞠躬
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① He was a hero who was able to shoot down a flying eagle with a bow and arrow.
② He gave a graceful bow to the audience after the performance.
③ The soldiers bowed their heads in respectful silence as the funeral procession went by.
④ [人教选必一U4P38]Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
forgive /f 'ɡ v/ A. vt. & vi. 原谅，宽恕
B. vt. 免除(债务)
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [人教选必四U3P32]If we do not protect it, future generations will not forgive us.
② The government has agreed to forgive a large part of the debt.
cheat /t i t/ A. vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 B. vi. 作弊，舞弊 C. n. (尤指游戏中的)作弊者，骗子
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [译林选必四U1P8]However, I felt cheated and it really depressed me.
② If you cheat in the exam, you could hardly get away with it.
③ What he said suggested that he was a cheat.
likewise /'la kwa z/ A. adv. 同样地
B. adv. 也，而且
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [北师必修一U1P14] Likewise, his friends all left his hometown for work in Shanghai or Beijing.
② Her second marriage was likewise unhappy.
embrace / m'bre s/ A. vt. 欣然接受
B. vt. 包含 C. vt. & vi. 拥抱
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① They embraced and promised to keep in touch with each other.
② [外研必修二U2P27]I don't understand why some people refuse to embrace the change.
③ The talks embraced a wide range of issues.
it作形式主语
【课本原句】 Honoured guests, teachers and students, it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion. 尊敬的来宾、老师、同学们，我很高兴和荣幸欢迎你们今天来到这里，并在这个特别的场合表达我的想法。
① “It is/was＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.”句型中it作形式主语，(for sb.) to do sth.作真正的主语。
② 动词不定式短语在句中作主语，如果谓语部分比较短，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放到句末，这样可以避免头重脚轻。
【写作迁移】 用it作形式主语翻译句子
① 在这么短的时间内完成这项任务对他来说是困难的。
② 很荣幸能在这里和大家分享我对京剧的看法。
③ 当父母变老了，照顾他们是我的责任。
[先讲解]
competent /'k mp t nt/ adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的
① be competent to do sth. 有能力做某事
② competence n. 能力；胜任
competence in (doing) sth. 做某事的能力
③ incompetent adj. 不胜任的；不称职的
④ competently adv. 出色地
【写作金句】 [人教选必二U2P20]Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages, have leadership and organizational skills, and have strong cultural awareness. 因此，中国需要更多具有国际视野、语言能力强、领导能力和组织能力强、文化意识强的青年才俊。(演讲稿)
negotiate /n 'ɡ ie t/ vi. & vt. 谈判；商定，达成(协议)
① negotiate with sb. 与某人谈判
② negotiation n. 谈判；磋商；协商
under negotiation 在协商中
③ negotiable adj. 可协商的
④ negotiator n. 谈判代表；协商者
【写作金句】 [外研选必四U4P52]What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills. 真正重要的是健全的商业计划、获得资金的机会以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。(主旨升华)
sympathy /'s mp θi/ n. 同情；赞同
① have (no) sympathy for 对某人(不)同情
in sympathy with 赞同
out of sympathy 出于同情
② sympathetic adj. 同情的；赞同的
be sympathetic to sb. 对某人同情
【写作金句】 Everybody should not only show sympathy for the people with disability but give them great encouragement and help. 每个人不仅应该对残疾人表示同情，而且应该给予他们极大的鼓励和帮助。(倡议书)
account for 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占
① on account of＝because of 由于；因为
on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
take...into account/consideration＝take account of 考虑到……
give an account of 描述
② accountant n. 会计师；会计
【写作金句】 It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. 据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。(建议信)
approve / 'pru v/ vi. & vt. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)
① approve of 赞成，赞同
approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事
② approval n. 赞成；批准
③ disapprove vi. 不同意
④ approving adj. 赞成的；同意的
【写作金句】 The majority of the senior citizens don't approve of the proposal of celebrating Western festivals in China. 大多数老年人不赞同在中国庆祝西方节日的提议。(发言稿)
embarrassed / m'b r st/ adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
① be embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬
be embarrassed at/about sth. 因……尴尬
② embarrass vt. 使尴尬，使窘迫
③ embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的(或难堪的、惭愧的)
④ embarrassment n. 窘迫；愧疚；难堪
to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
【写作金句】 It is likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know China's table manners. 如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪，你有可能使你的朋友感到尴尬。(建议信)
correspond / k r 'sp nd/ vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信
① correspond with/to 与……相符
correspond with 与……通信
② correspondence n. 通信；通信联系
in correspondence with sb. 与……通信
【写作金句】 One of the good points of the Internet is that we can correspond with people with similar interests in distant areas. 互联网的一个优点是，我们可以与远方有着相似兴趣的人通信。(投稿)
integrate /' nt ɡre t/ vt. & vi. (使)合并；(使)加入
① integrate...with/into (使)加入，成为一体
② integrated adj. 各部分密切协调的；综合的；完整统一的
③ integration n. 结合；整合；一体化
【写作金句】 It is advocated that personal emotion management should be integrated into college courses. 有人建议将个人情绪管理纳入大学课程。(投稿)
[后练习]
考点1 competent的相关用法
① [人教选必二U2P20]Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general (competent)．
② The government performed (competent) in the face of multiple challenges.
③ Make sure the firm is competent (carry) out the work.
④ [写作迁移]教师必须不断更新知识，以保持其专业能力。
Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to .
考点2 negotiate的相关用法
① [译林选必四U2P17改] If you are a business person (negotiate) with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face.
② The salary they offered was not what I expected, but I was told that it was (negotiate) during the interview.
③ It is reported that the (negotiate) broke down because one side refused to keep the rule.
考点3 sympathy的相关用法
① I am sure he will be sympathy with your proposal.
② [人教选必三U5P53]In these poems the poet Tagore shows a (sympathy) understanding of children's feelings.
③ [写作迁移]出于同情，她通常会自愿帮助我们社区的穷人。
She usually volunteers to help .
考点4 account for及其拓展短语的相关用法
① The vaccine is reported to have been developed by scientific researchers (因为) their great efforts and devotion.
② In describing an object , we can
(描述) its shape, size, colour and function.
③ (绝不) should you share your personal information with strangers online.
④ [译林选必四U2P17]Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what (解释，说明) their emotions and empathize with them.
考点5 approve的相关用法
① [北师选必四U11P43]The court gave their (approve) for the life support machines to be turned off.
② I approve the importance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
③ If (approve) by the States Assembly, the law will come into effect on 1 July, 2025.
④ [写作迁移]如果你批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。
(approve)
(approval)
考点6 embarrassed的相关用法
① [译林选必四U2P21]If you know what to avoid and how to behave, you will spare yourself (embarrass)．
② [人教必修二U3P32]He or she may also post (embarrass) photos and information about those people.
③ [写作迁移·人教选必一U4P44]他们也可能用手捂住脸，就像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。
考点7 correspond的相关用法
① Only when we make our actions correspond our words can we win the trust of others.
② [人教选必三U5P53]Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal (correspond).
③ [写作迁移]她刚才所说的同大多数人所持的观点不一致。
the views of the majority.
考点8 integrate的相关用法
① His music is an (integrate) of tradition and new technology.
② [北师必修二U6P53]There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully (integrate).
③ [写作迁移]语言学习可以与个人爱好和娱乐相结合。
personal hobbies and entertainment.
suit /su t/ A. vt. 满足需要 B. vt. 相配，合身 C. n. 套装，西装，西服
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [人教必修三U5P56]I'll take the suit coat for now and get the others later.
② [外研必修一U3P36]Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents.
③ Choose a computer to suit your particular needs.
enterprise /'ent pra z/ A. n. 公司，企业
B. n. 规划，事业 C. n. 事业心，进取精神
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [人教选必三U3P32]The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.
② Horse breeding is indeed a risky enterprise.
③ Success came quickly, thanks to a mixture of talent, enterprise and luck.
recite /r 'sa t/ A. vt. 吟诵 B. vt. 列举
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① All he could do was recite a list of government failings.
② [人教选必三U5P50]The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.
accent /' ksent/ A. n. 口音，腔调 B. n. 重音 C. n. 着重点，强调 D. vt. 着重，强调，突出
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① [人教选必二U4P44]They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisements were in French and many people spoke English with an accent.
② In all our products the accent is on quality.
③ Throughout his speech he accented the gravity of the situation.
④ In “today” the accent is on the second syllable.
cite /sa t/ A. vt. 提及，列举 B. vt. 引用，引述 C. vt. 嘉奖，表彰
【对点微练】 赏句猜义
① It was the third time that they were cited for their loyalty and value to the company.
② I'd like to cite a common saying to end my speech, “No pains, no gains.”
given that表示“考虑到……”
【课本原句】 This comes as no surprise, given that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages, including Latin, Greek, French and Chinese. 考虑到英语已经从300多种不同的语言中借用了单词，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和汉语，这就不足为怪了。
① given用作形容词，意为“特定的”。
About 250 students are working with us at any given time. 大约有250名学生在特定的时间与我们一起工作。
② given用作介词，意为“鉴于，考虑到”。
Given the present conditions, I think she's done rather well.
考虑到目前的情况，我认为她做得相当好。
③ given that 为连词短语，后接句子，表示“考虑到”。
Given that conflict is inevitable, we need to learn how to manage it. 考虑到冲突是不可避免的，那么我们就要学会如何处理它。
【写作迁移】 用以上句型翻译句子
① 考虑到他们缺乏经验， 他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。
② 考虑到他的背景，他能做这件事情就不令人吃惊了。
