英语 必修 第二册 WY
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas (Reading & Writing)
& Presenting ideas
一、阅读单词
1．device n. 设备，仪器，装置
2．stand－by adj. 备用的
3．mode n. (机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式
4．appliance n. 家用电器，家用器具
5．plug n. (电)插头
6．litre n. 升，公升
7．canteen n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
二、核心单词
1．false adj. 不正确的，错误的
2．leak v. (使)漏，(使)渗漏
3．remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉
4．campaign n. (宣传)活动
5．urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
6．concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的
7．contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)
8．average adj. 平均(数)的
三、拓展单词(可查字典)
1．majority n. 多数，大多数(人或物)→major adj. 主要的；重大的 v. 主修
2．electricity n. 电→electric adj. 电的；用电的→electrical adj. 与电有关的；电的
四、熟词生义
amount 熟义：n. 数量，数额
生义：vi. 合计；相当于
五、核心短语
1．break__down 分解；(机械等)出故障；(人)身体出毛病，垮掉
2．take__...__into__account 把……考虑进去
3．call__on 号召
课文三维剖析
What's really green
哪些才是真正的环保做法？
Most of us are aware that1 we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution2. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green 我们大部分人都意识到要保护环境，也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。但是近来，一些“绿色环保真相”被证实并非完全正确，甚至是无稽之谈。下面列举了一些常见的环保观念，其中哪些是正确的呢？ Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones. 纸质购物袋优于塑料袋？ Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which3 mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down4，but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice. However, making a paper bag5 uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag6 and up to three times the amount of water7. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So, take a reusable bag with you when8 you go shopping. 塑料袋会变成垃圾，被野生动物误食后会对其造成伤害。塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的降解时间要短得多，因此人们认为纸袋是更为环保的选择。 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。其生产过程也会产生更多的温室气体。 事实上这两种袋子都不够环保，所以出门购物时请带一个能重复利用的袋子。 When you turn off a device, it stops using power. 关掉的电器不耗电？ When9 we turn off a device, such as television, it goes into stand by mode. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand by mode can use even more. This happens because10 electricity continues to leak from the device, even when11 it is turned “off”. To make sure12 your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply. 当我们关掉电视等电器时，它会进入待机状态。这种状态下的电器仍然耗电，而且越旧的电器耗电越多。这是因为电器即使已经被“关掉”了，却依然有电流从电器中流失。为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。 Eating local food is good for the environment. 吃本地食物更利于环保？ It seems like common sense: eating local food13 should be better for the environment, because14 it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not that simple. It is the production of food, not its transport, that15 uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport16. 这似乎已是人们常识性的认识：吃本地产的食物更环保，因为不需要长途低温运输。然而事实并没有那么简单。相比于运输，食物的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及产生大部分温室气体的原因。在有些情况下，即使将运输的因素考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。 It's better to take a shower than a bath. 淋浴比泡澡更好？ It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If17 you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep18 your shower time as short as possible. Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it's worth checking19 common ideas and opinions to see20what21's really green. 这取决于你淋浴的时间和你的浴缸大小。如果淋浴超过八分钟， 那么耗水量就和泡澡一样多——大约为五十升水。所以，节水的关键在于尽量缩短淋浴的时间。 环保意识已经融入了人们的日常生活，但我们仍需仔细辨别我们已经习以为常的理念和观点中哪些才是真正“绿色环保”的。 1引导宾语从句 2动词不定式短语作目的状语 3引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明wild animals 4“It takes＋时间＋(for sb/sth) to do sth”句型，意为“做某事花费(某人/某物)多少时间” 5动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数 6“倍数＋as many/much＋n.＋as ...”结构的倍数表达法 7“倍数＋the amount/size/height/weight/length/ ... ＋of ...”结构的倍数表达法 8引导时间状语从句 9引导时间状语从句 10引导原因状语从句 11引导时间状语从句 12动词不定式短语作目的状语 13动名词短语作主语 14引导原因状语从句 15强调句型 16现在分词短语作让步状语 17引导条件状语从句 18动词不定式作表语 19“It's worth doing sth”句型，意为“做某事是值得的” 20动词不定式作目的状语 21引导宾语从句
阅读领悟
一、阅读课文并填空
二、问题链
1.Why do you need to remove the plug from the power supply
Because__the__devices__still__use__power.
2．Why is eating local food not always a green choice
Because__it__might__use__more__energy__and__produce__more__greenhouse__gases.
探究一 高频词
1．remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉；脱去；摘下；开除，解除(职务)(教材P91)
→removal n. 移动，去除；免职；搬迁 remove ... from ... 把……从……移开 remove from ... to ... 从……搬迁到…… remove sb from school/office/one's position 将某人从学校开除/免职 remove one's clothes 脱下某人的衣服 remove one's doubt 消除某人的疑虑
【语境感知】
①Realising her mom must be very tired after a day's work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her mom's shoulder.
意识到妈妈工作一天后肯定很疲劳，这个女孩帮忙把包从妈妈的肩膀上拿下来。(动作描写)
②Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour.
三个孩子因持续行为不检被学校开除。
③We must do all we can to remove their doubts.
我们要想尽一切办法来消除他们的疑虑。
【易混辨析】remove/move
相同之处 两词都有“移动，搬动”之意，表示“迁居，搬家”时二者均可
区别 remove强调完全放弃原来物体所处的位置而到达新的地点，remove还可以表示“开除，消除，除去”等意思； move强调“移动，搬动”，指事物位置和姿态的改变
形象记忆
【靶向小练】
①The kidney plays an important role in the removal (remove) of waste products from the blood.
②He was removed from the company yesterday.
③我认为很难消除他们之间的分歧。
I think it is very difficult to remove__the__differences__between__them.
2．urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动(教材P94)
→urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 →urgency n. 紧急；紧迫 (1)urge sb to do sth/into doing sth 敦促某人做某事 urge that ... (should) do sth 强烈要求……(应该)做某事；极力主张……(应该)做某事 (2)have an urge to do sth 有做某事的冲动
【语境感知】
①The dogs are urged into fighting more fiercely by loud shouts from the crowd.
人群里发出的高声叫喊使这些狗斗得更凶了。
②I urge that you (should) be accustomed to acquiring knowledge from the Internet as soon as possible.
我劝你尽快习惯从互联网上获取知识。(建议信)
③They have a strong urge to learn to read and write.
他们有学习读写的强烈愿望。
【靶向小练】
①They urged that the library (should)__be__kept (keep) open during the vacation.
②I'm afraid something urgent (urge) has come up; I won't be able to see you tonight.
③我们的老师敦促我们课下多做运动。
Our teachers urge__us__to__do__more__exercise after class.
＝Our teachers urge__that__we__(should)__do__more__exercise after class.
3．concerned adj. 焦急的；担忧的(教材P95)
→concern n. [U]担心；关切；[C]关心的人(或)事 vt. 涉及，与……有关；(使)担忧 →concerning prep. 关于 (1)be concerned about/for ... 担心/关心…… be concerned with/in ... 与……有关 as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言 (2)show/express one's concern about/for ... 对……表示关心/担心
【语境感知】
①He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
②I'm concerned about/for the future of wildlife in Africa.
我很担心非洲野生动植物的未来。(动物保护)
③I am not concerned with that matter any longer.
我和那件事情不再有牵连了。
④As far as I'm concerned, diligence is far more important than talents in helping people realize their dreams.
在我看来，勤奋远比天分更能帮助人们实现梦想。(观点陈述)
⑤Now many people express their concern about the effect of smoking.
现在有许多人对吸烟的影响表示担心。
concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的，关心的”；用作过去分词作后置定语时意为“相关的，有关的”。
【靶向小练】
①His mother is always concerned about/for his future and his happiness.
②You should pay attention to questions which are concerned with/in personal problems.
③The persons concerned (concern) have some explaining to do.
④在我看来，健康和财富对我们的生活都很重要。(观点陈述)
As__far__as__I__am__concerned,__both__health__and__wealth__are__important__to__our__life.
4．contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献；捐献；投稿(教材P96)
→contribution n. 贡献；捐款；投稿 (1)contribute to (doing) ... 有助于(做)……；促成…… contribute ... to ... 向……捐献……；向……投稿(to为介词) (2)make contributions/a contribution to ... 对……做出贡献(to为介词)
【语境感知】
①I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement of my contribution.
我收到一本赠刊，表示对我投稿的谢意。
②His visit contributed to a better understanding between the two countries.
他的访问促成了两国之间更好的了解。
③More and more people are willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless.
越来越多的人愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
④Yuan Longping made great contributions to the development of agriculture.
袁隆平为农业的发展做出了巨大的贡献。(时代楷模)
【靶向小练】
①The volunteers contributed a huge amount of their own time to the project.
②I am sure your suggestion will contribute to solving (solve) the problem.
③The revolutionists of the older generation made great contributions (contribute) to the country's struggle for the independence.
④我敬佩科学家们是因为他们为世界做出了巨大贡献。
I admire scientists because they made__great__contributions__to the world.
⑤一个好的目标使你感觉良好并有助于增强你的信心。
A good goal makes you feel good and contributes__to__your__confidence.
5．average adj. 平均(数)的；正常的；普通的 n. 平均水平；平均数 v. 平均为；计算出……的平均数(教材P96)
on (the/an) average 平均；一般来说 an average of ... 平均是…… below (the) average 在平均水平之下，低于平均水平 above (the) average 在平均水平以上，高于平均水平
【语境感知】
①On (the/an) average, there are 3，000 visitors to the museum every day.
平均每天有3，000名游客参观博物馆。
②Prices have risen by an average of four percent over the past year.
物价在过去一年中平均上涨了4%。
③Temperatures are below (the) average for the time of year.
气温低于往年同期的平均水平。
【靶向小练】
①The average annual global sea level rise was 4.62 millimeters.词性：adj. 汉意：平均的
②An average adult man burns 1，500 to 2，000 calories per day.词性：adj. 汉意：普通的
③It's said that the paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.词性：n. 汉意：平均数
④The water in the lake is not particularly deep, averaging about 12 meters.词性：v. 汉意：平均为
⑤每一份报告平均需要1，000个小时来准备。
On__the/an__average,__each__report__requires__1，000__hours__to__prepare.
探究二 拓展词
6．majority n. 多数，大多数(人或物)→major adj. 主要的；重大的 v. 主修
【语境感知】
Among the students who major in arts, girls are in the majority.
在主修艺术的学生中，女孩占多数。
【靶向小练】
①Now one third of the country is covered with trees and the majority (major) of its citizens are satisfied with their environment.
②在一般人中，惯用右手的人占大多数。
In the general population, right handed__people__are__in__a/the__majority．
探究三 熟词生义
7．amount [熟义]n. 数量，数额 [生义]vi. 合计；相当于
【语境感知】
①The amount of sleep we need varies from person to person.
我们对睡眠的需求量因人而异。
②The number of the injured amounted to over one hundred.
受伤人数总计一百多。
【靶向小练】
①His earnings are said to add up to $300，000 every year.汉意：合计 同义词：amount
②这栋建筑的造价合计十万元。
The__cost__of__the__building__amounts__to__100，000__yuan.
探究四 短语
8．take ... into account 把……考虑进去(教材P91)
→account vi.& vt. 认为；说明；占(一定数量或比例) n. 账户；报道；说明；理由；账目；解释 →accountant n. 会计；会计师 (1)account for ... 是……的原因；解释……；导致……；占……(比例) take account of 考虑 (2)give an account of 说明；叙述 on account of 由于，因为 on no account 决不(位于句首，句子用部分倒装)
【语境感知】
①When judging his performance, don't take his age into account.
评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。
②As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy－related greenhouse gas emissions.
随着全球都在竞相实现全面脱碳，交通领域面临着特别的问题——该领域的温室气体排放量约占与能源相关的总排放量的四分之一。
③When pricing our products, we have to take account of our competitors' price.
在给产品定价时，我们必须考虑竞争对手的价格。
④The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident.
警察叙述了交通事故的经过。
⑤Innocent people get into trouble on account of others' misfortune.
城门失火，殃及池鱼。
⑥On no account should we give up the plan.
我们决不放弃这个计划。
【靶向小练】
①However, the gene they discovered doesn't account for all those cases.
②We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.
③We should take the interests of the whole into account.
④On no account must you accept any money if he offers you.
⑤Students should on no account use mobile phones in class.
→On no account should__students__use mobile phones in class.
探究五 长难句分析
9．However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water．(教材P91) 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
【分析】 making a paper bag为动名词短语作主语；“four times as much energy as ...”是常见的倍数表达法，其结构为：“倍数＋as many/much＋n.＋as ...”；“three times the amount of water”是“倍数＋the amount/size/height/weight/length/ ...＋of ...”结构的倍数表达法。
其他常见的倍数表达法句型：
(1)A is＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than＋B
【语境感知】
This hill is four times as high as that one.
＝This hill is four times higher than that one.
＝This hill is four times the height of that one.
这座山是那座山的四倍高。
表示“两倍”时，用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词＋times”来表达。句式中的倍数也可用分数、百分数、half等其他词来替换。
【靶向小练】
①There is four times as much water in this pot as in that one.
②为亚运会而修建的新体育场将是现在的三倍大。
The new stadium built for the Asian Games will be three__times__as__big__as the present one.
＝The new stadium built for the Asian Games will be three__times__bigger__than the present one.
＝The new stadium built for the Asian Games will be three__times__the__size__of the present one.
Ⅰ.写出单词
1．His careless attitude towards his work amounts (相当于) to a lack of responsibility.
2．She couldn't find the right plug (插头) for the European electrical outlet during her trip.
3．The anti－smoking campaign (活动) is mainly aimed at young teenagers.
4．The concerned (担忧的) mother stood at the gate, waiting for her son to come back home.
5．In our daily life we have to use various kinds of electronic devices (设备)．
6．His words gave us the false impression that he would lend us money, but he didn't.
7．The roof started to leak during the heavy rain, and water was dripping onto the floor.
8．Though urged to go to bed many times, the little boy just turned a deaf ear and fixed his eyes on the cartoon.
9．When traveling abroad, it's important to get used to the local mode of life.
10．The canteen at my workplace offers a variety of delicious dishes every day.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The doctor urged that the patient (should)__take (take) immediate rest to advoid worsening the condition.
2．Building (build) effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.
3．The environmental group called on the public to reduce the use of plastic bags.
4．I felt my heart broken (break) when I heard the bad news.
5．Large amounts of water are (be) needed in this area now.
6．It takes about 30 minutes for me to__walk (walk) to school every day.
7．I felt the wind blowing (blow) gently on my face.
8．He made a great contribution (contribute) to the success of the project.
9．After years of overwork, his health finally broke down,__and he had to take a long－term leave.
10．It was because of his carelessness that he made such a big mistake.
Ⅲ.语段填词
1．The distant village had a peaceful look. The locals knew every inch of the distance between their houses and the fields. (distant)
2．It was fortunate for her that she had prepared thoroughly for the exam. Unfortunately,__her classmate who had been lazy throughout the semester failed it. (fortunate)
3．The majority of the students in our class like sports. Tom is a major figure among them as he is the captain of the basketball team. (major)
4．After attending the environmental lecture, she became aware of the serious pollution problem. This new awareness led her to start recycling at home. (aware)
5．Electricity powers our daily lives. The electric lights in our homes are a common example of how we use it. (electric)
Ⅳ.翻译
1．The vacation is coming and I have__an__urge__to__travel (很想旅行)．
2．Given that he is enthusiastic and qualified for the job, I see no reason to__remove__him__from__office (开除他)．
3．It__is__worth__trying__to (值得一试) use new technology in education.
4．如果您能考虑我的提议，我将不胜感激。(take ... into account)
I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__take__my__proposal__into__account.
5．正在修建的这个主题公园是原来那个的五倍大。(倍数表达法)
The__theme__park__being__built__is__five__times__the__size__of/as__large__as/larger__than__the__original__one.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比0%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
Kabita Lohar lives in Pipriya village, a community located at the banks of the Mahakali River in Nepal. She is usually seen walking along the riverbank, carrying a blue box which contains equipment and chemicals to test the quality of water in the river. As Kabita carefully collects water samples (样本) from the river into her test tube and observes the color of the water, she says, “Our rivers are getting polluted; we need to raise awareness and encourage the community to save our rivers.”
Kabita is one of the many citizen scientists trained by Oxfam. Around five years ago, Oxfam started working with the communities living on the riverbanks of the Mahakali River through a project called Transboundary Rivers of South Asia (TROSA). The project aims to give the riverside communities more access to and control over water resources. “We use this data to encourage effective measures and raise awareness about water pollution among the community members and local government，” says Kabita.
People used to believe that the water in the Mahakali River contains something that is good for health, so it was a common practice to drink water directly from the river. But with the data on water pollution provided by citizen scientists like Kabita, they could raise awareness of the importance of not drinking water directly from the river.
Kabita says, “A few months ago, we spoke with our mayor (市长) about introducing measures to prevent the inflow of waste made by families and hotels into the river. Our mayor has stated that he will meet our demands. But we don't just want promises; we want action, and we will keep following up until the promise becomes a reality.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了公民科学家Kabita Lohar (卡比他·洛哈)利用水污染数据，提高社区成员和地方政府对水污染的认识的故事。
1．Why does Kabita walk along the bank
A．To clean the riverbanks.
B．To collect experimental data.
C．To enjoy nature for relaxation.
D．To collect water from family use.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She is usually ... the color of the water”和第二段中的“We use this data ... and local government”可知，Kabita沿着河边走是为了采集水样，收集实验数据。故选B。
2．How did Kabita make the villagers drink clean water
A．By showing them the truth.
B．By finding clean water for them.
C．By encouraging effective measures.
D．By stopping pouring waste into the river.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But with the data ... directly from the river. (但是有了像Kabita这样的公民科学家提供的水污染数据，他们就可以提高人们对不直接饮用河水的重要性的认识。)”可知，Kabita通过向村民展示水污染数据来使他们喝干净的水。故选A。
3．Which of the following can best describe Kabita
A．Energetic. B．Confident.
C．Organized. D．Determined.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Our mayor has stated ... becomes a reality. (我们的市长说他会满足我们的要求。但我们不只是想要承诺；我们想要的是行动，我们将继续跟进，直到承诺成为现实。)”可知，Kabita坚持检测水样，坚决要求解决水污染问题，由此可推知，她很有决心。故选D。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Water pollution is serious in Nepal.
B．Science is helpful in reducing pollution.
C．A citizen scientist fights water pollution.
D．A youth makes a difference to her village.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了公民科学家Kabita Lohar利用水污染数据，提高社区成员和地方政府对水污染的认识的故事。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
How to limit your environmental
impact while travelling
Travelling unlocks a world of endless possibilities and adventures, allowing us to hike through breathtaking landscapes, encounter kangaroos and deer in their natural habitat, and witness the power of volcanoes. __1__ Increased plastic waste and noise pollution can damage ecosystems. Thankfully, there are ways to limit our impact on the environment.
Try to travel by land instead of air. While air travel can often be quicker, it is typically one of the most polluting forms of transport. __2__ For example, if you're heading to Las Vegas from Los Angeles, driving for around four hours emits (排放) around 75% less CO2 compared to the one hour flight (provided you have several friends with you).
__3__ A typical hotel uses about 73，000 gallons of water per year. As laundering towels (洗熨毛巾) is an energy and water consuming process, many hotels often put up signs asking you to reuse your towels. By doing so, you'll reduce your environmental impact.
Make the most of safe tap water (自来水). Drinking tap water may come as a shock to many travelers. But when you're in countries where tap water is safe to consume, avoid bottled options. Not only are they more expensive, but they have a higher level of pollution compared to treated tap water. __4__
Respect the local environment. When visiting different destinations, we should recognize the importance of protecting the natural beauty. We mustn't throw rubbish everywhere. __5__ Additionally, supporting local conservation (保护) efforts, such as participating in community led clean up projects, can make a positive impact on the local environment.
A．Be a responsible hotel guest.
B．Explore with green tour companies.
C．Instead, carry a bottle and refill it wherever you can.
D．And we should avoid activities that may harm wildlife.
E．However, tourism can also be harmful to the environment.
F．Low cost airlines have made it much more affordable to travel.
G．Taking the train or driving in some countries may be better options.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何环保地旅行提出了一些建议。
1．答案：E
解析：上文提到了旅行的好处；根据下文“Increased plastic waste ... on the environment.(塑料垃圾和噪音污染的增加会破坏生态系统。值得庆幸的是，有一些方法可以限制我们对环境的影响。)”可知，设空处为过渡句，应指出旅游会破坏环境。E项(然而，旅游业可能对环境也是有害的。)符合语境。故选E。
2．答案：G
解析：根据上文“While air travel ... forms of transport.(虽然航空旅行通常更快，但它通常是污染最严重的交通方式之一。)”可知，设空处应承接上文，说明不那么容易带来污染的交通方式。G项(在一些国家，坐火车或开车可能是更好的选择。)符合语境。故选G。
3．答案：A
解析：设空处为段落主旨句；根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲述在酒店住宿如何保护环境。A项(做一个负责任的酒店住客。)能够概括本段主旨。故选A。
4．答案：C
解析：根据上文“But when you're ... tap water.”可知，不要选择瓶装水，因为瓶装水不仅很贵，而且更容易污染环境。C项(相反，携带一个瓶子，可以随地补充水。)承接上文。故选C。
5．答案：D
解析：根据本段主旨句“Respect the local environment.”和上文“When visiting ... throw rubbish everywhere.”可知，我们要尊重旅游地的环境，不到处扔垃圾。D项(并且我们应该避免可能伤害野生动物的活动。)承接上文。故选D。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假如你是李华，4月22日世界地球日即将到来，你的英国笔友 Leslie 给你发邮件询问你将要如何参与这次环保运动。请你根据下列要点写一封邮件回复他。
1．世界地球日的意义；
2．你的具体行动(至少两条)。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：世界地球日 World Earth Day
Dear Leslie，
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Leslie，
How are you doing As the World Earth Day is around the corner, I'm writing in response to your inquiry about my participation in this special day.
Nowadays, we are at risk of ruining our planet due to severe environmental issues everywhere, such as global warming and deforestation. World Earth Day calls on citizens to take an active part in environmental protection and live a low carbon life.
What we can do is to focus on our daily actions. I will hand out leaflets to raise people's awareness of protecting the environment. The more people are involved, the better the environment will be. Besides, it is a good idea to classify our rubbish on campus and recycle it in our daily life, making full use of resources.
Undoubtedly, it's high time that we took action! What will you do to make our world a better place I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
单元写作
单元写作——写一封劝说信
本单元的写作任务是应用文写作，主题为写一封劝说信。劝说信是以向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议为目的的一种应用文体。写作时要提出建议，并给出充分的理由劝说对方接受你的建议。
Dear ××， Knowing that ________ (事件背景), I'm writing to persuade you to ________ (具体做法)． ________ (主题) is very ________ (意义). First of all, ________ (理由一). Secondly, ________ (理由二). Besides, ________ (理由三)． I do hope you can take my suggestions into consideration and ________ (具体做法). I would be more than happy to see ________ (主题)． Yours sincerely， ××
※开头常用句式
1．Now it is commonly held that ..., but I doubt whether ...
现在人们普遍认为……，但我怀疑是否……
2．At present, there is a widespread concern that ...
目前，人们普遍担心……
3．Now people in growing numbers are coming to realise that ...
现在越来越多的人逐渐意识到……
※主体段落常用句式
1．I'm sure the present situation will be completely changed if these measures are taken.
我相信如果采取这些措施，目前的情况将会完全改变。
2．What's worse, some people even damage them or take them just as their own possessions.
更糟糕的是，有些人甚至损坏它们或把它们当作自己的财产。
3．Start with our behaviour and perform good manners all the time.
从我们的行为开始，时刻保持良好的举止。
4．We are concerned that such bad behaviours will be bad for our school.
我们担心这样的不良行为会对我们学校有害。
5．Recently, haze has affected many areas in our country from time to time, resulting in severe air pollution.
近期，雾霾不时地影响我国多个地区，造成了严重的空气污染。
6．In my opinion, it's the lack of public awareness and related laws that contributes to such a phenomenon.
在我看来，是公众意识和相关法律的缺乏导致了这种现象。
※结尾常用句式
1．In short/In conclusion/In a word, it's time for us to take action.
总之，是我们采取行动的时候了。
2．I strongly urge that we should do more to protect the environment.
我强烈要求我们应该做更多的事来保护环境。
3．In order to improve the situation, we should take/adopt immediate action/measures.
为了改善这种情况，我们应该立即采取行动/措施。
假设你是李华，为响应国家厉行节约的号召，请你以“为资源、为环保，厉行节约”为主题，给同学们写一封劝说信。内容包括：
1．节约与资源的关系——节约资源，造福子孙等；
2．节约与环保的关系——减少浪费，改善环境等；
3．举例说明学生该如何厉行节约；
4．倡导社会保持节约的优良传统。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Students，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Students，
I'm writing to persuade you to save both for natural and renewable resources and the environment.
Saving is very important and sustainable because natural resources in our world may run out one day, so we should save some for our offspring. Meanwhile, saving can help us avoid producing waste, which will make our homeland more beautiful. As students, we can recycle our textbooks or use both sides of our exercise books. In this way, more trees would be saved. What's more, the majority of us Chinese have a good tradition of saving, so we call for everybody's action to take saving into account and do what we can to make our beautiful life last forever.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everyone in the seaside town knows that Fliss has a special bond with her dog Molly. They work together, live together, and play together. The Labrador is literally at Fliss's side all the time. If a person spent this much time with a friend, they would probably have fallen out by now, but the bond between Molly and her owner just gets stronger over time.
Fliss grew up in the city. In 2017, she moved to the seaside where she opened a bath and skincare shop. Upon arrival, she couldn't believe how much litter was left “senselessly” on the beach. In fact, she was shocked and appalled by the “unavoidable” amount of litter she found while taking Molly for walks. Being a person who cares a lot about her surroundings, Fliss decided that she had to do something about it before the tide carried the litter into the sea, threatening marine life.
One day, while collecting litter on the beach, Fliss saw Molly running towards her with an empty water bottle in her mouth. As Molly drew near, she dropped the bottle at Fliss's feet and set out to find other waste. This gave Fliss an idea: what if she could train Molly to find all those plastic bottles and bags, and make good use of them
The training started and Fliss was surprised at how fast Molly learned. Before long, the clever girl would venture to the seaside on her own and come home with her “prize”. She had soon filled Fliss's house with pieces of rubbish from the local beach. At one point, Fliss's garage was 60% filled with beach litter waiting to be distributed to local artists for use in their artwork.
When Fliss heard paws on the door the other day, she went to greet her good girl as usual. To her surprise, she saw Molly carrying a small plastic purse in her mouth. Fliss opened the purse and gasped. Inside was a passport, several credit cards, and a bunch of keys.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Fliss immediately took the purse to the local police station. Three days later, a journalist called at Fliss's shop.
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
Fliss, the dog Molly
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
Fliss and her dog Molly have a special bond; they live together in__harmony. When they moved to the seaside, Fliss started picking up trash with the dog, and one day Molly found a wallet containing a passport, several credit cards and a set of keys.
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
Fliss has a special bond with her dog Molly—Fliss moved to the seaside with Molly and was shocked to see much litter on the beach—She decided to do something about it—She trained Molly to find rubbish and was surprised that Molly learned it fast—To her surprise,__Molly brought back a purse one day
5．Read for theme (主题)
Protecting the environment is our duty.
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
To__help,__he__picked__up__a__plastic__bag__a__short__distance__away.
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
Fliss__politely__refused__thank you__gifts__but__she__cooked__a__large__steak__for__Molly__as__her__reward.
Step ：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
The owner was shocked,__because a dog carried her purse back.
第二段：
The journalist was moved by Fliss and Molly's action, joining their line.
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
With the help of a policeman, she found the__anxious__owner of the purse. Molly had been sitting obediently the entire time. When the owner discovered that it was a dog that found her purse, she looked at Molly in__wide eyed__amazement. Then her mouth also opened in astonishment after Fliss told her proudly why Molly could find it.
第二段：
He came to interview Fliss about Molly's magnificent feat. Fliss seized the chance to express her concern for the environmental__pollution and took him to the beach to show how Molly collected litter. When Molly dropped a bottle to his feet, the journalist felt a strong sense of responsibility—if a dog could care for the environment, why not people He made up his mind to publish Fliss and Molly's contribution to the ocean environment.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。 Fliss (弗利斯)和宠物狗Molly (莫莉)致力于保护海滩环境，将捡来的塑料垃圾拿给艺术家用于艺术创作。一天，Molly捡回了一个钱包，Fliss将钱包送到警察局，警察会找到失主吗？记者为什么来采访Fliss？
[精彩范文]
Fliss immediately took the purse to the local police station. With the help of a policeman, she found the anxious owner of the purse. Molly had been sitting obediently the entire time. When the owner discovered that it was a dog that found her purse, she looked at Molly in wide eyed amazement. Then her mouth also opened in astonishment after Fliss told her proudly why Molly could find it. Fliss politely refused thank you gifts but she cooked a large steak for Molly as her reward.
Three days later, a journalist called at Fliss's shop. He came to interview Fliss about Molly's magnificent feat. Fliss seized the chance to express her concern for the environmental pollution and took him to the beach to show how Molly collected litter. When Molly dropped a bottle to his feet, the journalist felt a strong sense of responsibility—if a dog could care for the environment, why not people He made up his mind to publish Fliss and Molly's contribution to the ocean environment. To help, he picked up a plastic bag a short distance away.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1. 2. 3.
24(共98张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Earth first
单元主题：人与自然——关爱地球，保护环境
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas (Reading & Writing) & Presenting ideas
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 硬核考点
3
课后课时作业
５
课堂作业 巩固内化
４
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词
1．________ n. 设备，仪器，装置
2．____________ adj. 备用的
3．__________ n. (机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式
4．_________ n. 家用电器，家用器具
5．______ n. (电)插头
6．______ n. 升，公升
7．___________ n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
device
stand－by
mode
appliance
plug
litre
canteen
二、核心单词
1．________ adj. 不正确的，错误的
2．________ v. (使)漏，(使)渗漏
3．________ v. 移走，搬走，去掉
4．____________ n. (宣传)活动
5．________ v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
6．___________ adj. 焦急的，担忧的
7．__________ v. 促成，造成(某事发生)
8．__________ adj. 平均(数)的
false
leak
remove
campaign
urge
concerned
contribute
average
三、拓展单词(可查字典)
1．__________ n. 多数，大多数(人或物)→__________ adj. 主要的；重大的 v. 主修
2．__________ n. 电→__________ adj. 电的；用电的→__________ adj. 与电有关的；电的
四、熟词生义
amount 熟义：n. ____________
生义：vi. 合计；相当于
majority
major
electricity
electric
electrical
数量，数额
五、核心短语
1．__________ 分解；(机械等)出故障；(人)身体出毛病，垮掉
2．____________________ 把……考虑进去
3．__________ 号召
break down
take ... into account
call on
自主学习 课文语篇
1 引导________从句
2 动词不定式短语作_________
What's really green
哪些才是真正的环保做法？
Most of us are aware that1 we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution2. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green
我们大部分人都意识到要保护环境，也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。但是近来，一些“绿色环保真相”被证实并非完全正确，甚至是无稽之谈。下面列举了一些常见的环保观念，其中哪些是正确的呢？
宾语
课文三维剖析
目的状语
3引导_______________从句，解释说明wild animals
4“It takes＋时间＋(for sb/sth) to do sth”句型，意为“___________________ _______________”
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
纸质购物袋优于塑料袋？
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which3 mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down4，but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice.
非限制性定语
做某事花费(某人
/某物)多少时间
5动名词短语作_______，谓语动词应用_______
6“倍数＋as many/much＋n.＋as ...”结构的倍数表达法
7“倍数＋the amount/size/height/weight/length/ ... ＋of ...”结构的倍数表达法
8 引导___________从句
However, making a paper bag5 uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag6 and up to three times the amount of water7. The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So, take a reusable bag with you when8 you go shopping.
主语
单数
时间状语
塑料袋会变成垃圾，被野生动物误食后会对其造成伤害。塑料需要数百年才能分解，而纸的降解时间要短得多，因此人们认为纸袋是更为环保的选择。
然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。其生产过程也会产生更多的温室气体。
事实上这两种袋子都不够环保，所以出门购物时请带一个能重复利用的袋子。
9 引导_________从句
10 引导___________从句
11 引导____________从句
12 动词不定式短语作_________
When you turn off a device, it stops using power.
关掉的电器不耗电？
When9 we turn off a device, such as television, it goes into stand by mode. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand by mode can use even more. This happens because10 electricity continues to leak from the device, even when11 it is turned “off”. To make sure12 your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.
时间状语
原因状语
时间状语
目的状语
当我们关掉电视等电器时，它会进入待机状态。这种状态下的电器仍然耗电，而且越旧的电器耗电越多。这是因为电器即使已经被“关掉”了，却依然有电流从电器中流失。为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。
13动名词短语作_______
14引导_________从句
15 强调句型
16现在分词短语作__________
Eating local food is good for the environment.
吃本地食物更利于环保？
It seems like common sense: eating local food13 should be better for the environment, because14 it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not that simple. It is the production of food, not its transport, that15 uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport16.
主语
原因状语
让步状语
这似乎已是人们常识性的认识：吃本地产的食物更环保，因为不需要长途低温运输。然而事实并没有那么简单。相比于运输，食物的生产过程才是消耗大部分能源及产生大部分温室气体的原因。在有些情况下，即使将运输的因素考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。
17 引导__________从句
18 动词不定式作_______
19 “It's worth doing sth”句型，意为“_________________”
20 动词不定式作______________
21 引导_______从句
It's better to take a shower than a bath.
淋浴比泡澡更好？
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If17 you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep18 your shower time as short as possible.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it's worth checking19 common ideas and opinions to see20what21's really green.
条件状语
表语
做某事是值得的
目的状语
宾语
取决于你淋浴的时间和你的浴缸大小。如果淋浴超过八分钟，那么耗水量就和泡澡一样多——大约为五十升水。所以，节水的关键在于尽量缩短淋浴的时间。
环保意识已经融入了人们的日常生活，但我们仍需仔细辨别我们已经习以为常的理念和观点中哪些才是真正“绿色环保”的。
一、阅读课文并填空
阅读领悟
half true
reusable
off
production
short
common ideas and opinions
二、问题链
1.Why do you need to remove the plug from the power supply
__________________________________________________________________
2．Why is eating local food not always a green choice
__________________________________________________________________
Because the devices still use power.
Because it might use more energy and produce more greenhouse gases.
合作探究 硬核考点
1．remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉；脱去；摘下；开除，解除(职务)(教材P91)
→removal n. 移动，去除；免职；搬迁
remove ... from ... 把……从……移开
remove from ... to ... 从……搬迁到……
remove sb from school/office/one's position 将某人从学校开除/免职
remove one's clothes 脱下某人的衣服
remove one's doubt 消除某人的疑虑
探究一 高频词
【语境感知】
①Realising her mom must be very tired after a day's work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her mom's shoulder.
意识到妈妈工作一天后肯定很疲劳，这个女孩帮忙把包从妈妈的肩膀上拿下来。(动作描写)
②Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour.
三个孩子因持续行为不检被学校开除。
③We must do all we can to remove their doubts.
我们要想尽一切办法来消除他们的疑虑。
【易混辨析】remove/move
相同之处 两词都有“移动，搬动”之意，表示“迁居，搬家”时二者均可
区别 remove强调完全放弃原来物体所处的位置而到达新的地点，remove还可以表示“开除，消除，除去”等意思；
move强调“移动，搬动”，指事物位置和姿态的改变
形象记忆
【靶向小练】
①The kidney plays an important role in the _________ (remove) of waste products from the blood.
②He was removed _________ the company yesterday.
③我认为很难消除他们之间的分歧。
I think it is very difficult to ________________________________.
removal
from
remove the differences between them
2．urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动(教材P94)
→urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
→urgency n. 紧急；紧迫
(1)urge sb to do sth/into doing sth 敦促某人做某事
urge that ... (should) do sth 强烈要求……(应该)做某事；极力主张……(应该)做某事
(2)have an urge to do sth 有做某事的冲动
【语境感知】
①The dogs are urged into fighting more fiercely by loud shouts from the crowd.
人群里发出的高声叫喊使这些狗斗得更凶了。
②I urge that you (should) be accustomed to acquiring knowledge from the Internet as soon as possible.
我劝你尽快习惯从互联网上获取知识。(建议信)
③They have a strong urge to learn to read and write.
他们有学习读写的强烈愿望。
【靶向小练】
①They urged that the library _______________ (keep) open during the vacation.
②I'm afraid something _______ (urge) has come up; I won't be able to see you tonight.
③我们的老师敦促我们课下多做运动。
Our teachers _________________________ after class.
＝Our teachers __________________________________ after class.
(should) be kept
urgent
urge us to do more exercise
urge that we (should) do more exercise
3．concerned adj. 焦急的；担忧的(教材P95)
→concern n. [U]担心；关切；[C]关心的人(或)事 vt. 涉及，与……有关；(使)担忧
→concerning prep. 关于
(1)be concerned about/for ... 担心/关心……
be concerned with/in ... 与……有关
as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言
(2)show/express one's concern about/for ...
对……表示关心/担心
【语境感知】
①He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
②I'm concerned about/for the future of wildlife in Africa.
我很担心非洲野生动植物的未来。(动物保护)
③I am not concerned with that matter any longer.
我和那件事情不再有牵连了。
concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的，关心的”；用作过去分词作后置定语时意为“相关的，有关的”。
④As far as I'm concerned, diligence is far more important than talents in helping people realize their dreams.
在我看来，勤奋远比天分更能帮助人们实现梦想。(观点陈述)
⑤Now many people express their concern about the effect of smoking.
现在有许多人对吸烟的影响表示担心。
【靶向小练】
①His mother is always concerned ___________ his future and his happiness.
②You should pay attention to questions which are concerned _________ personal problems.
③The persons ___________ (concern) have some explaining to do.
④在我看来，健康和财富对我们的生活都很重要。(观点陈述)
____________________________________________________________________
about/for
with/in
concerned
As far as I am concerned, both health and wealth are important to our life.
4．contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献；捐献；投稿(教材P96)
→contribution n. 贡献；捐款；投稿
(1)contribute to (doing) ... 有助于(做)……；促成……
contribute ... to ... 向……捐献……；向……投稿(to为介词)
(2)make contributions/a contribution to ...
对……做出贡献(to为介词)
【语境感知】
①I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement of my contribution.
我收到一本赠刊，表示对我投稿的谢意。
②His visit contributed to a better understanding between the two countries.
他的访问促成了两国之间更好的了解。
③More and more people are willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless.
越来越多的人愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
④Yuan Longping made great contributions to the development of agriculture.
袁隆平为农业的发展做出了巨大的贡献。(时代楷模)
【靶向小练】
①The volunteers contributed a huge amount of their own time ______ the project.
②I am sure your suggestion will contribute to __________ (solve) the problem.
③The revolutionists of the older generation made great ________________ (contribute) to the country's struggle for the independence.
④我敬佩科学家们是因为他们为世界做出了巨大贡献。
I admire scientists because they ____________________________ the world.
⑤一个好的目标使你感觉良好并有助于增强你的信心。
A good goal makes you feel good and ____________________________.
to
solving
contributions
made great contributions to
contributes to your confidence
5．average adj. 平均(数)的；正常的；普通的
n. 平均水平；平均数 v. 平均为；计算出……的平均数(教材P96)
on (the/an) average 平均；一般来说
an average of ... 平均是……
below (the) average 在平均水平之下，低于平均水平
above (the) average 在平均水平以上，高于平均水平
【语境感知】
①On (the/an) average, there are 3，000 visitors to the museum every day.
平均每天有3，000名游客参观博物馆。
②Prices have risen by an average of four percent over the past year.
物价在过去一年中平均上涨了4%。
③Temperatures are below (the) average for the time of year.
气温低于往年同期的平均水平。
【靶向小练】
①The average annual global sea level rise was 4.62 millimeters.
词性：______ 汉意：__________
②An average adult man burns 1，500 to 2，000 calories per day.
词性：______ 汉意：__________
③It's said that the paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.
词性：______ 汉意：__________
④The water in the lake is not particularly deep, averaging about 12 meters.
词性：______ 汉意：__________
⑤每一份报告平均需要1，000个小时来准备。
____________________________________________________________________
adj.
平均的
adj.
普通的
n.
平均数
v.
平均为
On the/an average, each report requires 1，000 hours to prepare.
【语境感知】
Among the students who major in arts, girls are in the majority.
在主修艺术的学生中，女孩占多数。
【靶向小练】
①Now one third of the country is covered with trees and the __________ (major) of its citizens are satisfied with their environment.
②在一般人中，惯用右手的人占大多数。
In the general population, ___________________________________．
6．majority n. 多数，大多数(人或物)→______ adj. 主要的；重大的 v. 主修
探究二 拓展词
major
majority
right handed people are in a/the majority
7．amount [熟义]n. 数量，数额
[生义]vi. _______________
【语境感知】
①The amount of sleep we need varies from person to person.
我们对睡眠的需求量因人而异。
②The number of the injured amounted to over one hundred.
受伤人数总计一百多。
探究三 熟词生义
合计；相当于
【靶向小练】
①His earnings are said to add up to $300，000 every year.
汉意：________ 同义词：________
②这栋建筑的造价合计十万元。
________________________________________________________
合计
amount
The cost of the building amounts to 100，000 yuan.
8．take ... into account 把……考虑进去(教材P91)
→account vi.& vt. 认为；说明；占(一定数量或比例) n. 账户；报道；说明；理由；账目；解释
→accountant n. 会计；会计师
(1)account for ... 是……的原因；解释……；导致……；占……(比例)
take account of 考虑
(2)give an account of 说明；叙述
on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(位于句首，句子用部分倒装)
探究四 短语
【语境感知】
①When judging his performance, don't take his age into account.
评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。
②As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy－related greenhouse gas emissions.
随着全球都在竞相实现全面脱碳，交通领域面临着特别的问题——该领域的温室气体排放量约占与能源相关的总排放量的四分之一。
③When pricing our products, we have to take account of our competitors' price.
在给产品定价时，我们必须考虑竞争对手的价格。
④The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident.
警察叙述了交通事故的经过。
⑤Innocent people get into trouble on account of others' misfortune.
城门失火，殃及池鱼。
⑥On no account should we give up the plan.
我们决不放弃这个计划。
【靶向小练】
①However, the gene they discovered doesn't account ______ all those cases.
②We delayed our departure ______ account of the bad weather.
③We should take the interests of the whole ______ account.
④______ no account must you accept any money if he offers you.
⑤Students should on no account use mobile phones in class.
→On no account __________________ mobile phones in class.
for
on
into
On
should students use
9．However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water．(教材P91)
然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
探究五 长难句分析
【分析】 making a paper bag为动名词短语作主语；“four times as much energy as ...”是常见的倍数表达法，其结构为：“倍数＋as many/much＋n.＋as ...”；“three times the amount of water”是“倍数＋the amount/size/height/weight/length/ ...＋of ...”结构的倍数表达法。
其他常见的倍数表达法句型：
(1)A is＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than＋B
【语境感知】
This hill is four times as high as that one.
＝This hill is four times higher than that one.
＝This hill is four times the height of that one.
这座山是那座山的四倍高。
表示“两倍”时，用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词＋times”来表达。句式中的倍数也可用分数、百分数、half等其他词来替换。
【靶向小练】
①There is four times as much water in this pot ______ in that one.
②为亚运会而修建的新体育场将是现在的三倍大。
The new stadium built for the Asian Games will be _________________ the present one.
＝The new stadium built for the Asian Games will be ________________________ the present one.
＝The new stadium built for the Asian Games will be ________________________ the present one.
as
three times as big as
three times bigger than
three times the size of
课堂作业 巩固内化
Ⅰ.写出单词
1．His careless attitude towards his work __________ (相当于) to a lack of responsibility.
2．She couldn't find the right ________ (插头) for the European electrical outlet during her trip.
3．The anti－smoking ____________ (活动) is mainly aimed at young teenagers.
4．The __________ (担忧的) mother stood at the gate, waiting for her son to come back home.
5．In our daily life we have to use various kinds of electronic ________ (设备)．
amounts
plug
campaign
concerned
devices
6．His words gave us the ________ impression that he would lend us money, but he didn't.
7．The roof started to ________ during the heavy rain, and water was dripping onto the floor.
8．Though ________ to go to bed many times, the little boy just turned a deaf ear and fixed his eyes on the cartoon.
9．When traveling abroad, it's important to get used to the local ________ of life.
10．The ________ at my workplace offers a variety of delicious dishes every day.
false
leak
urged
mode
canteen
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The doctor urged that the patient ________________ (take) immediate rest to advoid worsening the condition.
2．__________ (build) effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.
3．The environmental group called ______ the public to reduce the use of plastic bags.
4．I felt my heart __________ (break) when I heard the bad news.
5．Large amounts of water __________ (be) needed in this area now.
(should) take
Building
on
broken
are
6．It takes about 30 minutes for me __________ (walk) to school every day.
7．I felt the wind __________ (blow) gently on my face.
8．He made a great _____________ (contribute) to the success of the project.
9．After years of overwork, his health finally broke _______ , and he had to take a long－term leave.
10．It was because of his carelessness _______ he made such a big mistake.
to walk
blowing
contribution
down
that
Ⅲ.语段填词
1．The _________ village had a peaceful look. The locals knew every inch of the _________ between their houses and the fields. (distant)
2．It was ______________ for her that she had prepared thoroughly for the exam. _____________ , her classmate who had been lazy throughout the semester failed it. (fortunate)
distant
distance
fortunate
Unfortunately
3．The __________ of the students in our class like sports. Tom is a __________ figure among them as he is the captain of the basketball team. (major)
4．After attending the environmental lecture, she became ________ of the serious pollution problem. This new __________ led her to start recycling at home. (aware)
5．____________ powers our daily lives. The ____________ lights in our homes are a common example of how we use it. (electric)
majority
major
aware
awareness
Electricity
electric
Ⅳ.翻译
1．The vacation is coming and I ________________________ (很想旅行)．
2．Given that he is enthusiastic and qualified for the job, I see no reason ________________________ (开除他)．
3．___________________ (值得一试) use new technology in education.
4．如果您能考虑我的提议，我将不胜感激。(take ... into account)
__________________________________________________________________
5．正在修建的这个主题公园是原来那个的五倍大。(倍数表达法)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
have an urge to travel
to remove him from office
It is worth trying to
I would appreciate it if you could take my proposal into account.
The theme park being built is five times the size of/as large as/larger than the original one.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比0%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比30%)
Ⅰ 阅读
Kabita Lohar lives in Pipriya village, a community located at the banks of the Mahakali River in Nepal. She is usually seen walking along the riverbank, carrying a blue box which contains equipment and chemicals to test the quality of water in the river. As Kabita carefully collects water samples (样本) from the river into her test tube and observes the color of the water, she says, “Our rivers are getting polluted; we need to raise awareness and encourage the community to save our rivers.”
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★★ ★★ ★★
Kabita is one of the many citizen scientists trained by Oxfam. Around five years ago, Oxfam started working with the communities living on the riverbanks of the Mahakali River through a project called Transboundary Rivers of South Asia (TROSA). The project aims to give the riverside communities more access to and control over water resources. “We use this data to encourage effective measures and raise awareness about water pollution among the community members and local government，” says Kabita.
People used to believe that the water in the Mahakali River contains something that is good for health, so it was a common practice to drink water directly from the river. But with the data on water pollution provided by citizen scientists like Kabita, they could raise awareness of the importance of not drinking water directly from the river.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了公民科学家Kabita Lohar (卡比他·洛哈)利用水污染数据，提高社区成员和地方政府对水污染的认识的故事。
Kabita says, “A few months ago, we spoke with our mayor (市长) about introducing measures to prevent the inflow of waste made by families and hotels into the river. Our mayor has stated that he will meet our demands. But we don't just want promises; we want action, and we will keep following up until the promise becomes a reality.”
1．Why does Kabita walk along the bank
A．To clean the riverbanks.
B．To collect experimental data.
C．To enjoy nature for relaxation.
D．To collect water from family use.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She is usually ... the color of the water”和第二段中的“We use this data ... and local government”可知，Kabita沿着河边走是为了采集水样，收集实验数据。故选B。
2．How did Kabita make the villagers drink clean water
A．By showing them the truth.
B．By finding clean water for them.
C．By encouraging effective measures.
D．By stopping pouring waste into the river.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But with the data ... directly from the river. (但是有了像Kabita这样的公民科学家提供的水污染数据，他们就可以提高人们对不直接饮用河水的重要性的认识。)”可知，Kabita通过向村民展示水污染数据来使他们喝干净的水。故选A。
3．Which of the following can best describe Kabita
A．Energetic.
B．Confident.
C．Organized.
D．Determined.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Our mayor has stated ... becomes a reality. (我们的市长说他会满足我们的要求。但我们不只是想要承诺；我们想要的是行动，我们将继续跟进，直到承诺成为现实。)”可知，Kabita坚持检测水样，坚决要求解决水污染问题，由此可推知，她很有决心。故选D。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Water pollution is serious in Nepal.
B．Science is helpful in reducing pollution.
C．A citizen scientist fights water pollution.
D．A youth makes a difference to her village.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了公民科学家Kabita Lohar利用水污染数据，提高社区成员和地方政府对水污染的认识的故事。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
How to limit your environmental
impact while travelling
Travelling unlocks a world of endless possibilities and adventures, allowing us to hike through breathtaking landscapes, encounter kangaroos and deer in their natural habitat, and witness the power of volcanoes. __1__ Increased plastic waste and noise pollution can damage ecosystems. Thankfully, there are ways to limit our impact on the environment.
Try to travel by land instead of air. While air travel can often be quicker, it is typically one of the most polluting forms of transport. __2__ For example, if you're heading to Las Vegas from Los Angeles, driving for around four hours emits (排放) around 75% less CO2 compared to the one hour flight (provided you have several friends with you).
__3__ A typical hotel uses about 73，000 gallons of water per year. As laundering towels (洗熨毛巾) is an energy and water consuming process, many hotels often put up signs asking you to reuse your towels. By doing so, you'll reduce your environmental impact.
Make the most of safe tap water (自来水). Drinking tap water may come as a shock to many travelers. But when you're in countries where tap water is safe to consume, avoid bottled options. Not only are they more expensive, but they have a higher level of pollution compared to treated tap water. __4__
Respect the local environment. When visiting different destinations, we should recognize the importance of protecting the natural beauty. We mustn't throw rubbish everywhere. __5__ Additionally, supporting local conservation (保护) efforts, such as participating in community led clean up projects, can make a positive impact on the local environment.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何环保地旅行提出了一些建议。
A．Be a responsible hotel guest.
B．Explore with green tour companies.
C．Instead, carry a bottle and refill it wherever you can.
D．And we should avoid activities that may harm wildlife.
E．However, tourism can also be harmful to the environment.
F．Low cost airlines have made it much more affordable to travel.
G．Taking the train or driving in some countries may be better options.
1．答案：E
解析：上文提到了旅行的好处；根据下文“Increased plastic waste ... on the environment.(塑料垃圾和噪音污染的增加会破坏生态系统。值得庆幸的是，有一些方法可以限制我们对环境的影响。)”可知，设空处为过渡句，应指出旅游会破坏环境。E项(然而，旅游业可能对环境也是有害的。)符合语境。故选E。
2．答案：G
解析：根据上文“While air travel ... forms of transport.(虽然航空旅行通常更快，但它通常是污染最严重的交通方式之一。)”可知，设空处应承接上文，说明不那么容易带来污染的交通方式。G项(在一些国家，坐火车或开车可能是更好的选择。)符合语境。故选G。
3．答案：A
解析：设空处为段落主旨句；根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲述在酒店住宿如何保护环境。A项(做一个负责任的酒店住客。)能够概括本段主旨。故选A。
4．答案：C
解析：根据上文“But when you're ... tap water.”可知，不要选择瓶装水，因为瓶装水不仅很贵，而且更容易污染环境。C项(相反，携带一个瓶子，可以随地补充水。)承接上文。故选C。
5．答案：D
解析：根据本段主旨句“Respect the local environment.”和上文“When visiting ... throw rubbish everywhere.”可知，我们要尊重旅游地的环境，不到处扔垃圾。D项(并且我们应该避免可能伤害野生动物的活动。)承接上文。故选D。
Ⅲ 应用文写作
假如你是李华，4月22日世界地球日即将到来，你的英国笔友 Leslie 给你发邮件询问你将要如何参与这次环保运动。请你根据下列要点写一封邮件回复他。
1．世界地球日的意义；
2．你的具体行动(至少两条)。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：世界地球日 World Earth Day
Dear Leslie，
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Leslie，
How are you doing As the World Earth Day is around the corner, I'm writing in response to your inquiry about my participation in this special day.
Nowadays, we are at risk of ruining our planet due to severe environmental issues everywhere, such as global warming and deforestation. World Earth Day calls on citizens to take an active part in environmental protection and live a low carbon life.
What we can do is to focus on our daily actions. I will hand out leaflets to raise people's awareness of protecting the environment. The more people are involved, the better the environment will be. Besides, it is a good idea to classify our rubbish on campus and recycle it in our daily life, making full use of resources.
Undoubtedly, it's high time that we took action! What will you do to make our world a better place I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
本单元的写作任务是应用文写作，主题为写一封劝说信。劝说信是以向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议为目的的一种应用文体。写作时要提出建议，并给出充分的理由劝说对方接受你的建议。
单元写作
单元写作——写一封劝说信
Dear ××，
Knowing that ________ (事件背景), I'm writing to persuade you to ________ (具体做法)．
________ (主题) is very ________ (意义). First of all, ________ (理由一). Secondly, ________ (理由二). Besides, ________ (理由三)．
I do hope you can take my suggestions into consideration and ________ (具体做法). I would be more than happy to see ________ (主题)．
Yours sincerely，
××
※开头常用句式
1．Now it is commonly held that ..., but I doubt whether ...
现在人们普遍认为……，但我怀疑是否……
2．At present, there is a widespread concern that ...
目前，人们普遍担心……
3．Now people in growing numbers are coming to realise that ...
现在越来越多的人逐渐意识到……
※主体段落常用句式
1．I'm sure the present situation will be completely changed if these measures are taken.
我相信如果采取这些措施，目前的情况将会完全改变。
2．What's worse, some people even damage them or take them just as their own possessions.
更糟糕的是，有些人甚至损坏它们或把它们当作自己的财产。
3．Start with our behaviour and perform good manners all the time.
从我们的行为开始，时刻保持良好的举止。
4．We are concerned that such bad behaviours will be bad for our school.
我们担心这样的不良行为会对我们学校有害。
5．Recently, haze has affected many areas in our country from time to time, resulting in severe air pollution.
近期，雾霾不时地影响我国多个地区，造成了严重的空气污染。
6．In my opinion, it's the lack of public awareness and related laws that contributes to such a phenomenon.
在我看来，是公众意识和相关法律的缺乏导致了这种现象。
※结尾常用句式
1．In short/In conclusion/In a word, it's time for us to take action.
总之，是我们采取行动的时候了。
2．I strongly urge that we should do more to protect the environment.
我强烈要求我们应该做更多的事来保护环境。
3．In order to improve the situation, we should take/adopt immediate action/measures.
为了改善这种情况，我们应该立即采取行动/措施。
假设你是李华，为响应国家厉行节约的号召，请你以“为资源、为环保，厉行节约”为主题，给同学们写一封劝说信。内容包括：
1．节约与资源的关系——节约资源，造福子孙等；
2．节约与环保的关系——减少浪费，改善环境等；
3．举例说明学生该如何厉行节约；
4．倡导社会保持节约的优良传统。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Students，
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Students，
I'm writing to persuade you to save both for natural and renewable resources and the environment.
Saving is very important and sustainable because natural resources in our world may run out one day, so we should save some for our offspring. Meanwhile, saving can help us avoid producing waste, which will make our homeland more beautiful. As students, we can recycle our textbooks or use both sides of our exercise books. In this way, more trees would be saved. What's more, the majority of us Chinese have a good tradition of saving, so we call for everybody's action to take saving into account and do what we can to make our beautiful life last forever.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Everyone in the seaside town knows that Fliss has a special bond with her dog Molly. They work together, live together, and play together. The Labrador is literally at Fliss's side all the time. If a person spent this much time with a friend, they would probably have fallen out by now, but the bond between Molly and her owner just gets stronger over time.
Fliss grew up in the city. In 2017, she moved to the seaside where she opened a bath and skincare shop. Upon arrival, she couldn't believe how much litter was left “senselessly” on the beach. In fact, she was shocked and appalled by the “unavoidable” amount of litter she found while taking Molly for walks. Being a person who cares a lot about her surroundings, Fliss decided that she had to do something about it before the tide carried the litter into the sea, threatening marine life.
One day, while collecting litter on the beach, Fliss saw Molly running towards her with an empty water bottle in her mouth. As Molly drew near, she dropped the bottle at Fliss's feet and set out to find other waste. This gave Fliss an idea: what if she could train Molly to find all those plastic bottles and bags, and make good use of them
The training started and Fliss was surprised at how fast Molly learned. Before long, the clever girl would venture to the seaside on her own and come home with her “prize”. She had soon filled Fliss's house with pieces of rubbish from the local beach. At one point, Fliss's garage was 60% filled with beach litter waiting to be distributed to local artists for use in their artwork.
When Fliss heard paws on the door the other day, she went to greet her good girl as usual. To her surprise, she saw Molly carrying a small plastic purse in her mouth. Fliss opened the purse and gasped. Inside was a passport, several credit cards, and a bunch of keys.
Fliss immediately took the purse to the local police station. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Three days later, a journalist called at Fliss's shop.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
Fliss, the dog _________
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
Fliss and her dog Molly have a special bond; they live together _______________. When they moved to the seaside, Fliss started picking up trash with the dog, and one day Molly found a wallet containing a passport, several credit cards and a set of keys.
Molly
in harmony
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
Fliss has a special ________with her dog Molly—Fliss moved to the seaside with Molly and was __________ to see much litter on the beach—She ________ to do something about it—She trained Molly to find rubbish and was ____________ that Molly learned it fast—To her ___________ , Molly brought back a purse one day
5．Read for theme (主题)
Protecting the environment is our duty.
bond
shocked
decided
surprised
surprise
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
____________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
____________________________________________________________________
Step ：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
The owner was __________ , because a dog carried her purse back.
第二段：
The journalist was _______ by Fliss and Molly‘s action, joining their line.
To help, he picked up a plastic bag a short distance away.
Fliss politely refused thank you gifts but she cooked a large steak for Molly as her reward.
shocked
moved
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
With the help of a policeman, she found _____________________ of the purse. Molly had been sitting obediently the entire time. When the owner discovered that it was a dog that found her purse, she looked at Molly _________________________. Then her mouth also opened in astonishment after Fliss told her proudly why Molly could find it.
the anxious owner
in wide eyed amazement
第二段：
He came to interview Fliss about Molly's magnificent feat. Fliss seized the chance to express her concern for the _______________________ and took him to the beach to show how Molly collected litter. When Molly dropped a bottle to his feet, the journalist felt a strong sense of _____________—if a dog could care for the environment, why not people He made up his mind to publish Fliss and Molly's contribution to the ocean environment.
environmental pollution
responsibility
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。 Fliss (弗利斯)和宠物狗Molly (莫莉)致力于保护海滩环境，将捡来的塑料垃圾拿给艺术家用于艺术创作。一天，Molly捡回了一个钱包，Fliss将钱包送到警察局，警察会找到失主吗？记者为什么来采访Fliss？
[精彩范文]
Fliss immediately took the purse to the local police station. With the help of a policeman, she found the anxious owner of the purse. Molly had been sitting obediently the entire time. When the owner discovered that it was a dog that found her purse, she looked at Molly in wide eyed amazement. Then her mouth also opened in astonishment after Fliss told her proudly why Molly could find it. Fliss politely refused thank you gifts but she cooked a large steak for Molly as her reward.
Three days later, a journalist called at Fliss's shop. He came to interview Fliss about Molly's magnificent feat. Fliss seized the chance to express her concern for the environmental pollution and took him to the beach to show how Molly collected litter. When Molly dropped a bottle to his feet, the journalist felt a strong sense of responsibility—if a dog could care for the environment, why not people He made up his mind to publish Fliss and Molly's contribution to the ocean environment. To help, he picked up a plastic bag a short distance away.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1.
2.
3.
