2026年人教版中考英语一轮复习专题1 名词（无答案）

专题1 名词
【备考策略】
名词题往往是中考英语试题的比较重要的一部分内容。综合近几年的中考试题来看，中考对名词的考查一般着眼于常用且易误用的名词，考查的主要形式是单项选择题、完形填空、拼写单词、正确形式填空。分值在6分——10分，需要考生在平时学习中做好积累，尤其要注意一些常见名词、可数名词与不可数名词。做到有计划、有步骤的复习，重在学生的自主学习，教师多给予方法的指导。
考点1：名词分类
考点2：名词的数
可数名词的复数
(一)单数变复数变化规则
1.规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 词尾加-s cup→cups, friend →friends,
以s,x, ch, sh等结尾的词 词尾加- es class →classes, box →boxes, watch →watches,wish→wishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i,再加- es family→families candy→candies
以f或 fe结尾的词 把f/ fe变为v, 再加- es knife→knives
词尾加-s roof →roofs
以o结尾的词 词尾加- es tomato →tomatoes, hero— heroes(英雄))
词尾加-s radio→radios photo→photos
2.不规则变化(常见)
变化规则 示例
改变内部元音字母 a变e man→men 男人 woman→women 女人
oo变 ee foot→feet 脚 tooth→teeth 牙齿
ouse 变 ice mouse→mice 老鼠
词尾加-(r) en child→children 儿童 ox→oxen 公牛
单复数形式相同 sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 series 系列
表示“某国人”的名词复数形式 “中日”不变 Chinese→Chinese 中国人Japanese→Japanese 日本人
“英法”变 Englishman→Englishmen 英格兰人Frenchman→Frenchmen 法国人
其余“-s”加后面 American→Americans 美国人 German→Germans 德国人
巩固练习
1. There are two over there. ( watch)
2. I like taking . ( photo)
3. I can see a and two standing there. ( man, woman)
4. There are two baskets of on the floor. ( apple)
5. Look at those .( child)
6. He doesn't like these . ( glass)
7. How many can you see ( radio)
8. There are more and more drivers in Shanghai now. ( woman)
9. Give me some , please. ( water)
( ) 1. -- What are these -- They are .
A. deers B. radios C. Radioes D. tomatos
( ) 2. How many are there in these
A. tomatos, photos B. tomatoes, photos C. tomatoes, photoes D. potatos, photoes
( ) 3. Mr. Chen has two .
A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths D. toothes
( )4. --- Excuse me, are you --- Yes, I'm from .
A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America
( ) 5. Two and five are studying Chinese at Beijing University.
A. German, English B. Germans, English
C. Germans, Englishmen D. Germen, Englishmen
注意：
1.复合名词变复数：
一般复数只加主要名词, 多为后一个单词。
如: action movie→ action movies, pen pal→pen pals;
如果是由 man 或 woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。
如: man doctor→ men doctors, woman teacher→ women teachers
1.There are twenty in our hospital.
woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
2. are usually careful in doing exercises.
A. Girl students B. Girls students C. Girls’ students D. Girl's students
3. The delicious dishes are cooked by .
A. women cookers B. women cooks C. woman cooks D. woman cookers
4. Julie went to the to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store B. shoe's store C. shoe store D. shoes’ store
2.集体名词变复数：作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
　如： people　police　cattle（牛） 等本身就是复数，
a people，a police，a cattle（×） a person，a policeman，（ √）
注意：有些集体名词，侧重整体时，表示单数意义；侧重整体中的成员时，则表示复数意义。
family 家庭 group 组 team 队
My family is a big one.（这里强调家庭整体，是单数）“我的家庭是个大家庭。”
His family are all music lovers.（这里强调家庭成员，是复数）“他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
【典例】1. My family（enjoy / enjoys） watching TV.
2.Tom’s family（is / are）a big one.
3. 常以复数形式出现的名词: glasses 眼镜 trousers 裤子 chopsticks 筷子
这类名词不能被具体的数字修饰,但可以用 a pair of、two pairs of 等修饰。 a pair of glasses.
不可数名词
不可数名词通常无复数形式。
不能直接与具体数字或 a/ an连用。
不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
中考常考的不可数名词: information (信息) , news (新闻) , knowledge (知识) , weather(天气) ,
progress (进步, 进展), furniture (家具) , money (钱) , fun (乐趣) , advice(建议)
1.不可数名词表示数量时, 可用a lot of, much, little, a little, some, no等修饰。如：
I want some water.我想要一些水。
2.不可数名词表示一定的数量时，可借助可数名词，用“a+可数名词+ of+不可数名词”结构。表示复数意义时，把可数名词变为复数形式。例如：
He needs two pieces of paper.他需要两张纸。
不可数名词的计量
类型 英语 汉译 例子
个数单位词 piece 张 a piece of advice; two pieces of advice
drop 滴 a drop of ink; three drops of ink
pile 堆 a pile of wood; four piles of wood
容器单位词 cup 杯 a cup of coffee; seven cups of coffee
glass (玻璃)杯 a glass of milk; eight glasses of milk
bottle 瓶 a bottle of juice; nine bottles of juice
1）一副眼镜_____ ____ 2）两箱子苹果____ _____
3）十杯牛奶________ _ _ 4）两片面包_______
以s结尾的学科类名词一般为不可数名词。如 physics, maths, politics
另外，news 是不可数名词。
Maths (be) my favourite subject.
Practice
1. They don't have .
A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks
2. Can you give me
A. a paper B. some pieces of paper C. some pieces of papers D. papers
3. -- Would you like to have a drink -- Yes. Two , please.
A. cup of tea B. cups of tea C. cup of teas D. cups of teas
4. We have some and every morning.
A. milks; eggs B. milks; egg C. milk; eggs D. milk; egg
5. Dad has for breakfast.
A. two piece of bread B. two pieces of bread
C. Two piece of breads D. two pieces of breads
6. John didn’t find much about the accident.
A. news B. answer C. article
7. You can find many about the famous film star on the Internet.
A. news B. pictures C. tickets D. information
三、既是可数又是不可数名词
有些名词，既可作可数名词又可作不可数的名词，但意义不同。
不可数 可数
work 工作 works 作品
paper 纸 papers 论文，试卷
glass 杯子 glasses 眼镜
time 时间 times 时代
experience 经验 experiences 经历
考点3 名词所有格 （表示所属关系“……的”）
（一）-'s 所有格
构成 示例
一般情况下在名词词尾加-'s my aunt's room 我姑姑的房间
以-s或- es结尾的复数名词，在词尾加-' teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室 my friends’ hometowns 我朋友们的家乡
不以-s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加-'s the children's books 孩子们的书 Women's Day 妇女节
复合名词在词尾加-'s that grown- up's help 那位成年人的帮助 the woman teacher’s son 那位女教师的儿子
表示两人或多人共有时，只变化最后一个名词的词尾； 表示各自所有时，各个名词的词尾都要变化 Tom and Jim's cake 两人共有 Tom's and Jim's cakes 分别拥有
1. These are mothers.
A. Lucy and Lily's B. Lucy’s and Lily's C. Lucy’s and Lily
2. The book is .
A. Tom’s and Jerry's. B. Tom and Jerry’s C. Tom’s and Jerry
3. In China, we celebrate Day on June 1st, Day on September, 10 th.
A. Children’s; Teacher’s B. Children; Teachers C. Children’s; Teachers’
(二) of所有格 无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词 of短语来构成
a map of China 一张中国地图 a photo of my family 我的一张全家福
双重所有格： 所有物+ of+’s结构或所有物+ of+名词性物主代词=双重所有格。
如：a friend of my father’ s 我父亲的一个朋友 a pen of mine 我的一支钢笔
1.— Who’s that girl over there — Julia, she is a student of .
A. my fathers’ B. my father C. my fathers D. my father’s
2.Knowledge can help open up the eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.
A. students’ B. student’s C. students D. student’
3.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day.
A. Woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s
4.—— Is the school bag under the desk yours
— No, it's my . He left it there just now.
brother B. brother’s C. brothers’
链接中考(名词适当形式填空专项复习)
语法填空提示词如果是名词，一般有以下几种考法
1.名词的单复数：
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：
有数词或 these, those, several, many, all, both, various, different等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
名词前有 one of时用名词复数形式。
若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。
固定搭配中: take notes; do morning exercises
结合常识和语境只能用复数: glasses, socks, shoes, trousers, scissors
2.名词转换成形容词
若空格后是名词，要将名词转换为形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.﹢﹣able→adj.honor→honorable
②n.+-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.+-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.+-en→adj.wood→wooden
⑤n.+-y→adj.wealth→wealthy
3.名词转换成动词（要积累）
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀
①加前缀 en-: courage→encourage vt. danger→ endanger vt.危及; 使遭到危险
②加后缀- en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀- ize: apology →apologize v . 道歉
4.填名词的所有格(结合语境）
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s
②以-s或- es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'
Practice
1. After the 1000 meters' race,I could hardly move my .( foot)
2. The were surprised at the amazing night views of the Bund.( German)
3. Fruits like apples and oranges come in a great many .( variety)
4. Mr. Smith bought three of local snacks for the exchange students.( box)
5. Tony's father and uncle are both . They help keep the city safe.( policeman)
6. Too much sugar is bad for your ( tooth).
7. Chinese people often shake ( hand) and smile when meeting visitors.
8. M is the fifth month of the year in the Western calendar.
9. Then, hand le the most important tasks first so you' ll feel a real sense of ( achieve).
10. My mother is already in her ( forty), but she is still dreaming to go to university.
11. Yang Liwei is one of the national ( hero). We should learn from him.
12. It's really enjoyable to have a close look at different in Italy.( church)
13. We need to concentrate on our now, while we have the energy.( goal)
14.Nowadays, many have been used to work in dangerous situations.( robot)
15. First impressions are of great ( important) , so try to remember the name of the person you have just met and use it in your conversation.
17.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ( patient).
18. Important language points, grammar rules, useful ( express) and key words are what we want to take down.
19. They like pears, but they don't like ( strawberry).
20. Jenny has found it easy to make at school. ( friend)
21. After the ( dead) of Qu Yuan, people of Chu went to Miluo River to mourn over the great poet they loved so much.
Doing outdoor ( activity) can help students improve their abilities and skills.
Young people make their parents angry with their ( choose) in clothes, in entertainment and in music
24. More citizens agree to be green travelers so as to reduce air . ( pollute)
25. China has seen new in finding ancient things of great value underwater.( develop)
26. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct
( solve).
27. The article tells us that sometimes money doesn't bring to us.( happy)
28. The Chinese women's basketball team achieved great in FIBA World Cup.( succeed)
We all know that Mozart was one of the greatest ( composer) of all time.
In about 20 minutes we witnessed in ( excite) how a fisherman fished with his fishing birds.
It also provides ( evident) that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer.
Knowing that you are doing good and needed work can add to life. ( mean)