人教版新课标必修一 unit 1Friendship单元语法定语从句课件(29张ppt)

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名称 人教版新课标必修一 unit 1Friendship单元语法定语从句课件(29张ppt)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2016-09-28 12:37:13

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课件29张PPT。定语从句The Attributive Clause Do you like English? English is hard to learn. *Do you like English that is hard to learn? Note: Red parts are same, and the same part makes the two clauses relative.What’s attributive clause?It includes “restrictive attributive clause" and “non-restrictive attributive clause”.
定语从句包括限定性和非限定性两种。
It also is called “relative clause”, its main fun_ction is that it is used as the modifier of noun/pronoun, and in Chinese it is translated “……的”, which is “attributive”.
定语从句也被称为“关系从句”,主要作名词/代词修饰语,译为汉语中的“……的”,即“定语”。The origin of attributive clause那个漂亮的、大约16岁的、站在校门口的、穿着红衣服的女孩名叫丽丽,是我的妹妹。
Main structure: 那个女孩是我的妹妹。
One word to express: beautiful
???How to express other “attributive”
*英语重“形合”,汉语重“意合”,英语中不能用一个词来表达的“定语”,因为英语的结构严谨性,只能用句子后置来表达,定语从句随之出现。
1.A beautiful girl;
2.A girl is about 16 years old;
3.A girl is standing at the school gate;
4.A girl wears a red coat;
5.A girl’s name is Lily;
The beautiful girl who is about 16 years old, wears a red coat and is standing at the school gate, is my sister, whose name is Lily.
What’s “先行词”and “关系词”?先行词:the same part in different clause, and the part that the attributive clause modifies.分句中出现的重复部分,及定语从句修饰的中心词。
关系词:“Relative Pronoun” and “Relative Adverb”.包括“关系代词”和 “关系副词”,主要用于①引导定语从句②代替(介词+)先行词在句中充当成分。Relation between “先行词”and “关系词”定语从句修饰的词 先行词 分句重复部分
根据其是人还是物,以及其在从句中所作成分
判断关系词的使用
Relative Pronoun Relative Adverb
(that which whom (when where why who whose) prep+which)
关系代词(relative pronoun)Examples指人
I like students.
I like the students that/who finish their homework on time. (subject)
I like the students (that/whom)I always praise. (object)
I like the students whose/of whom homework is finished on time. (adjective)Examples指物
I have a picture.
I have a picture that/which shows the view of MeKong River.
I have a picture (that/which) I bought from America.
I have a picture whose/of which color is splendid.ExercisesGuide principles:首先判断先行词是人还是物,其次看在从句中充当的成分。
1.I have a friend___ has an useful computer.
A whom B who C whose D it
2.Do you know the boy___we met in the library yesterday.
A whom B who C which D he
3.There is only a friend___Lily has in China.
A which B who C / D whose
4.I know the boy___ umbrella I borrowed yesterday.
A of which B / C whose D that
5.Mary bought a car___can travel 160 km/h.
A / B who C which D whose
6.He has not found the key___he lost last week.
A that B who C whose D whom7.I saw some trees___leaves were black with disease.
A / B whose C of whom D of who
8.The man___killed a child has been caught.
A which B / C whom D who
9.The baby___I have found in zoo has been crying.
A / B which C who D of whom
10.The coat___I have wore is yellow.
A whom B who C that/which// D of which that which1.先行词为all,much,little,few,none,the one, nothing,everything,anything,something等不定代词时;
★ (10湖北)My mother was so proud of all _____I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.
★(10全国Ⅱ)I refuse to accept the blame for something ____was someone else’s fault.
A. which B. that C. as D. what2.先行词被形容词最高级或被only, any, few, little,no,all,one of 等修饰时;
The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this county.
John is the only student (that) you have met in the library.
3.先行词同时含有人和物时;
I’ve never heard of the people and things (that)you talked about just now.
4.先行词为数词或被序数词修饰时;
The first gift (that) I received will be my best memory.
Look at these flowers. You can see the two (that) you gave me.
5.关系代词代替先行词在从句中作表语时;
Mrs. Smith still looks like the Lady (that) she was ten years ago.
6.先行词为who或which时;
Who (that) you have ever known can do this job better?that1.关系代词前有介词;
This is the room in which LuXun lived.
2.先行词本身是that;
The clock is that which tells the time.
3.非限制性定语从句中;
He has a daughter, who works in a farm.???Is there difference between “restrictive” and “non-restrictive”Difference限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.Definition:限制性定语从句省去后指代不明;非限制性定语从句省去后不影响主句意思,起补充说明作用。
2.Form:逗号是否存在,that是否可用。
3.Nature:限定性的只能修饰一个名词性质的词;非限定性的不仅可修饰一个名词性质的词,还可以修饰整个句子。Examples 1.Those (who/that want to join the Party) must hand in their applications.
This note was left by John, (who was careless.)
2. The car (that/which// you bought) is lost.
The four tyres of the car were lost, (which are new.)
3. The words (that/which// you recited) are easy.
The four tyres of the car were lost, (which is strange.)Summary 1.碰到复合句先找出主句 (是否完整),判断是否是定语从句;
2.找出主句、从句(……的)、先行词;
3.判断先行词(人/物);
4.关系代词代替先行词在从句中做什么成分(看从句中缺什么成分);
5.看先行词是否有特殊条件限制。关系副词(relative adverb)Note:关系副词实质上是代替“介词+先行词”在从句中作状语!Examples 1.表时间
October 1, 1949 is the day when (=on which) the People’s Republic of China was founded. 介词+先行词
关系副词“when”代替“on the day”在从句中作时间状语。
2.表地点
Recently I went to the town where (=in which) I was born. 介词+先行词
关系副词“where”代替“in the town”在从句中作地点状语。3.表原因
The reason why(=for which) he was late was that he missed his train. for+先行词
关系副词”why”代替“for the reason”在从句中作原因状语。

思考:???How to choose preposition(介词)介词的确定方法:根据先行词(即从句中所作的状语)来确定
This is the place in which I grew up.
(where)
This is the place;
Two clauses
I grew up (in) the place ;
先行词表达时间、地点、原因时,关系词的选择要根据从句中所缺的成分来定The Choice of Relative Pronoun and Relative AdverbHow to choose “relative pronoun” and “relative adverb” when you met above words on previous page?
key: 看从句中所缺的成分, 即关系词代替(介词+)先行词在句中充当什么成分!
E.g.1 (时间)
The morning that I remembered was sunny.
The morning when (in which) I came was sunny.E.g.2 (地点)
This is the place which we visited.
This is the place where (in which) he works.
E.g.3 (原因)
The reason which he explained at the meeting was not true.
The reason why (for which) he was late was that he missed his train.
Exercises 1.The house____was destroyed in the
terrible fire, has been repaired.
A the roof of which B which roof
C the roof of whose D that roof
2.I’ll never forget the day___I joined the army.
A where B when C why D in which3.The factory___his father works is in the west of the city.
A where B when C on which D of which
4.The factory___you have visited goes broke.
A where B in which C that D when
5.That is the reason___I did the job.(多)
A that B which C for which D in which
E why F where G whenSummary1.碰到复合句先找出主句 (是否完整),判断是否是定语从句;
2.找出主句、从句(……的)、先行词;
3.判断先行词(时间/地点/原因);
4.关系副词代替介词+先行词在从句中做什么成分(看从句中是否缺状语——从句使用的五种基本句子结构);