译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1　Food matters知识点讲义

Unit 1　Food matters
一、 单词学记
(一) 英汉对记(55组)
1. mood n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围(2)
2. flavour (AmE flavor) n. 味，味道；特点，特色
vt. 给……调味，加味于(2)
3. dessert n．(饭后)甜点，甜食(2)
4. link vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来
n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接(3)
5. emotion n. 情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪(3)
6. saucer n. 碟状物，茶碟，茶托(3)
7. vinegar n. 醋(3)
8. sour adj. 酸的，有酸味的；馊的
vi.& vt.(使)变坏；变味，酸腐(3)
9. bond n. 纽带，联系；连接，结合 (3)
10. generate vt. 产生，引起(5)
11. calorie n. 卡，卡路里；千卡(5)
12. cycle n. 循环；自行车，摩托车
vi. 骑自行车(5)
13. enhance vt. 提高，增强 (6)
14. boil vt.& vi. 用沸水煮；(使)沸腾(6)
15. fry vt.& vi. 油炸，油煎(6)
16. steak n. 牛排；肉排，肉块 (6)
17. pan n. 平锅，平底锅(6)
18. buffet n. 自助餐(7)
19. bay n．(海或湖的)湾(7)
20. scenery n. 风景，景色；舞台布景(7)
21. atmosphere n. 气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气(7)
22. version n. 变体，变种；说法；版本(9)
23. filling n．(糕点等的)馅(9)
24. flour n. 面粉(9)
25. mild adj. 不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严
重的(9)
26. tiramisu n. 提拉米苏(9)
27. layer n. 层，表层；层次(9)
28. cheese n. 干酪，奶酪(9)
29. bitter adj. 味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的(9)
30. cream n. 奶油，乳脂；护肤霜(9)
31. ingredient n. 材料，成分；因素，要素(9)
32. loose adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的(11)
33. chilli (AmE chili) n. 辣椒(11)
34. pepper n. 甜椒；胡椒粉(11)
35. onion n. 洋葱，葱头(11)
36. damp adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的 (11)
37. foggy adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的(11)
38. dynasty n. 朝，代；王朝(11)
39. multiple adj. 数量多的，多样的(11)
40. sauce n. 调味汁，酱(11)
41. plain adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的
n. 平原(11)
42. slice n. 薄片，片；部分，份额
vt. 把……切成片；切开，割破(11)
43. chef n. 主厨，厨师(12)
44. property n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产(12)
45. appropriate adj. 合适的(12)
46. Cantonese adj. 广东人(或文化)的，粤语的
n. (pl. Cantonese)广东人；粤语(12)
47. essential adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的(12)
48. concept n. 概念，观念(12)
49. appetite n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望(12)
50. delicate adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的(12)
51. steam vt.& vi. 蒸；散发蒸汽
n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽(12)
52. gram n. 克(13)
53. cabbage n. 甘蓝，卷心菜(13)
54. edge n. 边，边缘；刀口(13)
55. apart adv. 成碎片；分开；相隔(13)
(二) 拓展倍记(14组)
1. creamy adj. 含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的(2)→cream n. 奶油；乳脂；奶油夹心糖；护肤霜；洁净剂；清洗液；奶油色；淡黄色；米色 adj. 奶油色的；淡黄色的；米色的
2. greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地(2)→greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪心的；贪吃的
3. gently adv. 轻柔地，温和地(2)→gentle adj. 文静的；慈祥的；温柔的；小心的；温和的；徐缓的；平和的；柔和的；平缓的
4. vary vi.(根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同vt. 变更，改变(2)→various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的；具有多种特征的；多姿多彩的→variety n．(同一事物的)不同种类，多种式样；变化；多样化；多变性；(植物、语言等的)变种，变体；异体；品种
5. salty adj. 咸的，含盐的(3)→salt n. 盐；食盐；盐(金属和酸组成的化学物质)；形状(或味道)像盐的物质vt.在(食物)中放盐；用盐腌制(食物)；把盐撒在路面上(以使冰雪融化)
6. security n. 安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证(5)→secure adj. 安心的；有把握的；可靠的；牢靠的；稳固的；安全的；稳妥的；严密把守的；牢固的；坚固的 vt.(尤指经过努力)获得，取得，实现；拴牢；扣紧；关严；保护；保卫；使安全；抵押
7. impress vt.& vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到(7)→impression n. 印象；感想；影响；效果；印象画→impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的
8. elderly adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的(9)→elder adj. 年纪较长的；(后面不紧跟名词，指两者中的)年长者；(用于人名前或后，指同名的两个人中)年龄大的一个n. 长者；长辈；元老；比……年长的人；(某些基督教会中的)长老
9. bake vt.& vi. 烘烤；烤硬(9)→bakery n. 面包(糕饼)店(9)
10. adorable adj. 可爱的，讨人喜爱的(9)→adore vt. 热爱，爱慕(某人)；喜爱，热爱(某事物)
11. consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)(12)→consumption n．(能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量；消费→consumer n. 消费者；顾客；用户
12. innovation n. 创造，创新；新思想，新方法(12)→innovate vt.& vi. 引入(新事物、思想或方法)；创新；改革
13. wrapper n. (食品等的)包装材料，包装纸(13)→wrap vt. 包，裹(礼物等)；用……包裹(或包扎、覆盖等)；用……缠绕(或围紧) n. (女用)披肩，围巾；包裹(或包装)材料；(拍摄电影时)完成拍摄，停机
14. mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合(13)→mix vt.& vi. (使)混合，掺和，融合；调配；配制；相容；平安相处；交往；相处；交际；混录；混音
(三) 短语强记(10组)
1. do the trick奏效，起作用，达到目的(2)
2. cry out for 迫切需要(3)
3. throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于(6)
4. out of this world好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫(9)
5. let sth loose 释放；放任(11)
6. Sichuan pepper 花椒(11)
7. spring onion 小葱，香葱(11)
8. hit the spot使人满意，正合需要(12)
9. dim sum点心(12)
10. fall apart破碎，破裂；崩溃(13)
(四) 重点例释(18组)
1. combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合
(1) in combination (with …) (与……)联合/结合
(2) combine … with/and … 把……与……结合起来
(3) combine to do sth联合起来做某事
①The combination of the two companies makes them get into a win win situation.
这两家公司的合并使他们进入了一个双赢的局面。
②Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. 氢与氧结合形成水。
③Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
技术创新，加上良好的市场营销，将促进这些产品的销售。
2. flavour (AmE flavor) n. 味，味道；特点，特色
vt. 给……调味，加味于
①Hats were very much flavour of the month.
帽子在当时是时尚热宠。
②Many of these recipes are highly flavoured.
这些菜谱中很多都添加了极浓的调味料。
3. association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
(1) in association with … 与……联合/有关
(2) be associated with … 与……有关
(3) associate with sb 与某人交往/联系
(4) business associates 商业伙伴
①Every party needs a straight person. You'll appear fun and funny by association.
每个派对都需要一个直率的人。通过关联成中间人，你会显得幽默风趣。
②Some of the injuries associated with running are uncommon among race walkers.
一些与跑步有关的损伤在竞走运动员中并不常见。
③I don't like you associating with those people.
我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。
4. native n. 出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地人
adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的
(1) be native to … 原产于……；源于……的
(2) be a native of … 是……人
(3) native land/country/city/peoples/art/language 故乡/祖国/故里/土著民族/本土艺术/母语
①The ecosystem down there can't handle this non native species.
那里的生态系统无法应对这种外来物种。
②You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.
游客与当地人之间的区别一看便知。
③He's a native of Edinburgh but now lives in London.
他是爱丁堡人，但现在居住在伦敦。
5. relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
(1) relief n. 宽慰，轻松；解脱；(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻，消除，缓和；(给灾区或交战地区人民提供的)救济，救援物品
(2) sense of relief如释重负的感觉
(3) sigh of relief松口气
(4) to one's relief令某人欣慰的是
(5) in relief松了口气
(6) with relief如释重负，欣慰地
①Television helps to relieve the boredom of the long winter evenings.
电视有助于打发漫长无聊的冬夜。
②We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.
他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。
③Much to my relief the car was not damaged.
令我庆幸的是车并没有损坏。
6. digest vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解 n. 摘要，文摘
(1) digest food 消化食物
(2) digest information领会信息
(3) digestion n. 消化；消化能力
(4) food digestion食物消化
①They learn well but seem to need time to digest information.
他们学得很好，但似乎需要时间来吃透这些信息。
②I thought myself as a Reader's Digest member at the age of six.
六岁的时候，我以为自己是《读者文摘》的一员。
③No liquids are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.
上饭菜时不要同时上汤水或饮品，因为这会影响消化。
7. lower vt. 降低，减少；把……放低，使……降下
adj. 下面的；在底部的；低洼的
①He had to lower his head to get through the door.
他得低头才能过这道门。
②Can you turn the music lower—you'll wake the baby.
你可以把音乐声音调小一点吗——别把孩子吵醒了。
③He sold his car at a low price.
他低价卖掉了他的汽车。
8. throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
(1) throw away扔掉；丢弃；失去；错过
(2) throw at投向，掷向；向……投去
(3) within a stone's throw一箭之遥；就在附近
(4) throw light on … 使……显得清楚；阐明……
(5) throw out逐出；脱口而出
(6) throw open开放；允许……参加
①A science campus will be held next month with the aim of encouraging more students to throw themselves into scientific research.
下个月将举行一场科学夏令营，目标是鼓励更多的学生投身科学研究。
②Hundreds were thrown out of work.
数以百计的人遭到解雇。
③The debate will be thrown open to the audience.
这次辩论将允许观众参加。
9. bet n. 打赌，赌注；预计，估计
vi. & vt. (bet, bet)下赌注，打赌；敢说
①We've got a bet on who's going to arrive first. 我们打了个赌，看谁先到。
②He bet $2，000 on the final score of the game.
他下2 000美元赌比赛的最终比分。
③You can bet (that) the moment I sit down, the phone will ring.
几乎可以肯定，我一坐下，电话铃就会响起来。
10. out of this world好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫
(1) live out of the world 不与人来往；离群索居
(2) on top of the world极度幸福
(3) be worlds apart (在态度、看法等方面)有天壤之别；截然不同
(4) go/come up in the world 飞黄腾达；发迹
(5) go/come down in the world 衰落；落魄
①I have never seen such a beautiful girl. She's out of this world!
我从来没见过这么美的女孩，简直美若天仙！
②The novel is worlds apart from his academic writings.
这本小说和他的学术著作截然不同。
③When they started to go up in the world, they moved to a flat in London.
他们开始发家的时候，搬进了伦敦的一所公寓。
11. let sth loose 释放；放任
(1) loose adj. 不受约束；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的
(2) loosely adv. 宽松地；松散地；不精确地
(3) set loose释放；松脱
①If a tooth feels very loose, your dentist may recommend that it be taken out.
如果一颗牙齿感觉很松，你的牙医可能会建议把它拔掉。
②She wore her hair loosely knotted on top of her head.
她在头顶上打了个松松的发髻。
③Why didn't you tell me she'd been set loose
你为什么不告诉我她已经自由了？
12. expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述
(1) expand into扩大为
(2) expansion n. 扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀
①My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one.
我的学校已扩建成一个大学校，是之前的三倍大。
②The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year.
本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。
③The company is forging ahead with its plans for expansion.
公司的扩张计划正顺利进行。
13. multiple adj. 数量多的，多样的
(1) multiply vt. & vi. 乘；(使)繁殖；迅速增加
(2) multiply A by B 用A乘以B
(3) multiply A and B 将A和B相乘
①Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.
多种基因表现不同，这取决于一个人在散步前是否吃东西。
②These creatures can multiply quickly.
这些生物能迅速繁殖。
③Multiply 2 and 6 together and you get 12.
2和6相乘得12。
14. estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本
(1) estimate sth (at sth) 估计(某物为……)
(2) it is estimated that据估计，有人估计
(3) underestimate vt. & n. 低估
(4) estimation n. 判断；评价；看法
(5) estimated adj. 估计的，预计的
①Sorry, Madam, I have underestimated you as I didn't know your background.
对不起，女士，由于不了解您的背景，我低估了您。
②Estimations of our total world sales are around 50 million.
我们在全世界的总销售量估计在5 000万左右。
③By the end of May nearly 100 of an estimated 2，000 political prisoners had been freed.
至五月底，估计2 000名政治犯中有近100人已经获释。
15. stimulate vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋
(1) stimulation n. 激励；兴奋作用
(2) stimulating adj. 趣味盎然的；激励人的；振奋人心的；增加活力的；增进健康的
①The conference stimulated him to study the subject in more depth.
这次会议促使他更深入地研究那个课题。
②Many enjoy the mental stimulation of a challenging job.
很多人喜欢富有挑战性的工作所带来的精神刺激。
③Thank you for a most stimulating discussion. 感谢你们妙趣横生的讨论。
16. delicate adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
①The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body.
眼睛是人体最脆弱的器官之一。
②Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island.
观光客常常破坏岛上微妙的自然生态平衡。
③She picked her way delicately over the rough ground.
她小心翼翼地在高低不平的地面上行走。
17. emphasis n. (pl. emphases)强调，重视；重读
(1) put/place emphasis on 强调，重视
(2) emphasize vt. 强调；重视；着重；重读；使突出
①Recently, much more emphasis has been put on developing the students' creativity.
近年来，人们越来越重视培养学生的创造力。
②We are very annoyed about his mistake, because we have emphasized this for several times.
我们对他的错误感到非常生气，因为这一点我们已经强调了好几次。
18. fall apart破碎，破裂；崩溃
(1) apart from 除了……之外
(2) come apart破碎；破裂
(3) live apart分开住；分居
(4) set apart 使与众不同；拨出(专用)
(5) take apart 拆开；严厉抨击
(6) tear apart使不快；撕碎；使分崩离析；把(某处)翻得乱七八糟
(7) tell apart 区分；分辨
①My whole life had come apart at the seams.
我的整个生活都崩溃了。
②The boy was curious about the clock. Out of curiosity, he took it apart.
这个男孩对这个钟很好奇。出于好奇，他把它拆开了。
③The machines were coded so we could tell them apart.
机器都编了号，便于我们区分。
二、 短语扩充
(一) 英汉对记(130组)
1. be fundamental to …(P1) 对……至关重要
2. comfort food安慰食品，(时髦说法)治愈系食物
3. consist of 包含，由……组成
4. be made up of 由……组成
5. be made from 用……做成
6. more than(P2) 超过，不仅仅；多于
7. have an impact on … 对……有影响
8. lift one's spirits 振奋某人的精神
9. not to mention … 更不用说……，更不用提……
10. lovely creamy flavour美妙的奶油味
11. a time machine时间机器
12. with pleasure高兴地
13. eat bowl after bowl 一碗接一碗地吃
14. take one's time慢慢来，不慌不忙
15. roll the silky dessert around one's mouth 让丝滑的甜点在口中轻轻翻转
16. refer to 指的是；参考，查阅；涉及
17. call … to mind使记起……，使联想起……
18. make up for … 弥补……
19. vary from person to person 因人而异
20. depend on 依赖，依靠；取决于
21. shape one's life塑造人生
22. tend to(P3) 往往，倾向于
23. be linked with … 与……有关联
24. take care of照顾，看护；处理，应对
25. unlock memories of a time打开一段时间的记忆
26. cheer sb up使某人振作起来；使某人高兴起来
27. the sense of belonging归属感
28. move away from one's home country离开祖国
29. right away立刻，马上
30. a saucer of vinegar一碟醋
31. take sb back to one's cultural roots使某人回到自己的文化根源
32. relieve feelings of homesickness缓解思乡之情
33. build an emotional bond with … 与……建立情感纽带
pare … to …(P4) 把……比作……
35. key concepts 关键概念，核心概念
36. in a broad sense广义上说
37. in a narrow sense狭义上说
38. remind sb of sth使某人想起某事，提醒某人某事
39. in low spirits(P5) 情绪低落
40. a sense of security安全感
41. (be) high in … ……含量高
42. blood sugar levels血糖水平，血糖量
43. the sharp increase in … ……的急剧增加
44. cause … to do sth 促使……做某事
45. enter a cycle of highs and lows 进入高潮和低谷的循环
46. be aware of 意识到，明白
47. the hidden dangers 隐患，隐藏的危险
48. a blog entry(P6) 一篇博文
49. not that long ago不久前
50. at mealtimes吃饭的时候，在用餐时间
51. be eager to … 渴望……，急于……
52. enhance the relationship with … 加强与……的关系
e across偶然发现，偶然遇见；使产生……印象
54. offer detailed instructions提供详细的说明
55. step by step一步一步地，逐步地
56. new found skills新发现的技能
57. at the beginning of … 在……开始的时候，在……初
58. home cooked meals(P7) 家常菜，自家做的饭菜
59. open a restaurant开一间饭馆
60. some day总有一天，有朝一日
61. as long as只要；长达
62. be afraid of 害怕
63. be impressed by … 被……感动；对……印象深刻
64. at the top of … 在……最高地位，在……顶部；用最高/最大的(速度、声音等)
65. better still更好的是，更甚者
66. get bored with … 对……厌倦；觉得……无聊
67. get the most wonderful views看到最美妙的景色
68. (be) full of eye catching Asian dishes充满吸引眼球的亚洲菜
69. range from … to … 范围从……到……
70. take sb out to dinner 带某人出去吃饭
71. write a thank you note写一封感谢信
72. return the favour报恩
73. invite sb to one's home for dinner邀请某人到家里吃饭
74. make an announcement(P8) 发布通告
75. the school Food Festival校园美食节
76. the writing competition写作比赛
77. food stands食品摊
78. no less than不少于，多达
79. hand in the article上交文章
80. the sweet red bean filling(P9) 甜红豆馅
81. shiny golden brown闪亮的金棕色
82. take each bite每咬一口
83. a light, creamy experience淡淡的奶油味体验
84. a bitter taste of coffee咖啡的苦味
85. associate … with …(P10) 把……与……联系起来
86. a rhetorical question反问句
87. a figure of speech 比喻，修辞格
88. in the form of a question以问题的形式
89. emphasize a point 强调一点
90. express feelings and attitudes表达情感和态度
91. a piece of descriptive writing 一篇描述性的文章
92. create a vivid picture创造一幅生动的画面
93. plenty of sensory details丰富的感官细节
94. create an image of … 创建……的图像/形象
95. remember to do sth记得去做某事
96. the mouth watering hot pots(P11) 令人垂涎欲滴的火锅
97. heat up a cold midwinter evening让寒冷的仲冬之夜热起来
98. rivers of sweat汗流浃背，大汗淋漓
99. a gas burner煤气炉
100. quicken one's laughter使某人的笑声更活跃
101. the damp, foggy climate潮湿多雾的气候
102. start off 从……开始；进行(或开展)起来
103. in the late Qing Dynasty在清朝末期
104. keep warm取暖，保温
105. over time随着时间的推移
106. multiple options多种选择
107. appeal to … 对……有吸引力；向……呼吁，向……请求，向……投诉，诉诸武力
108. people of different tastes不同口味的人
109. socialize with friends与朋友交往
110. salted duck盐水鸭
111. food export 食品出口
112. countless waterways(P12) 无数的水路
113. raise waterbirds养水鸟/水禽
114. without equal天下无双，无与伦比
115. cooling properties冷却性能
116. it is estimated that 据估计
117. tens of thousands of 数万，数以万计
118. an essential part of the daily routine日常生活中必不可少的一部分
119. stimulate customers' appetite刺激顾客的食欲
120. work one's way through自始至终做某事
121. beef balls牛肉丸
122. rice noodle rolls肠粉
123. dumpling wrappers(P13) 饺子皮
124. stick the edges of the dumpling wrappers together把饺子皮的边粘在一起
125. serve with vinegar配醋食用，蘸醋吃
126. press out extra water挤出多余的水
127. have difficulty (in) doing sth(P14) 做某事有困难
128. an animated film一部动画电影
129. the fearless无畏者
130. reveal surprising information揭露令人惊讶的信息
(二) 同词类记(2组)
● up(13)
1. bring up 抚养；养育；教养；使出庭受审；传讯；提出(讨论)等；呕吐；调出
2. call up (给某人)打电话；征召(服役)；征召入伍；选入；使回忆起；使想起；调出备用
3. come up 破土而出；发生；升起；被提及；即将发生(或出现、到来)
4. give up 投降；认输；放弃
5. keep up (天气)持续不变；(与……)齐步前进，并驾齐驱；跟上
6. look up 好转；改善；抬头往上看；拜访；查阅
7. make up 上妆；形成；构成；拼装；编造(故事、谎言等)
8. pick up 拿起；举起；(偶然)得到，学会；辨认；取回；整理；(开车)接人；接电话
9. put up 提出(意见)等；提名；张贴；提高
10. set up 创建；建立；安装好，调试好(设备或机器)；立业；开始从事；诬陷；栽赃
11. show up 如约赶到；露面；(使)看得见，变得明显；(因举止不妥而)使人难堪，使人尴尬，使人丢脸
12. turn up (尤指失去后偶然)被发现，被找到；到达；来到；偶然出现；开大，调高(音量、热量等)
13. take up 继续；接下去；占用(时间)；占据(空间)；将(衣服等)改短；学着做，开始做；开始从事；继续(他人未完成的事)；接着讲(以前提过的事)
● off(15)
1. break off 断开；折断；停顿；中断；突然终止
2. carry off 赢得；获得；成功地对付，不费劲地处理(大多数人认为难以应付的事)
3. cut off 打断；中断；切掉；阻碍；阻挡
4. get off 下车，下来；离开，动身
5. give off 发出，放出(气味、热、光等)
6. go off 爆炸；离开(尤指去做某事)；熄灭；中断；变质，变坏
7. keep off 避免吃(或喝、吸)某物；回避某话题
8. lay off 停止，别再打扰；停止使用；解雇
9. let off 不惩罚；宽恕；允许(某人)不做；准许(某人)不去(某处)；放(枪等)；使爆炸
10. pay off 成功；奏效；达到目的；遣散；付清；偿清
11. put off 取消，撤销；使反感；使分神；推迟；延迟
12. set off 出发；动身；启程；使(炸弹等)爆炸；使(警报)响起；拉响(警报)；引发；激起；衬托
13. show off 炫耀；卖弄；显示；使显得漂亮；使夺目
14. take off 起飞；匆匆离去；突然大受欢迎；换下；中止；脱下(衣服)；摘掉；休假；取消
15. turn off 拐弯；不再听；使厌烦；关掉，截断(电流、煤气、水等)
三、 精选句型
1. I take my time over every spoonful, gently rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk.(P2)
2. In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better.(P2)
3. In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.(P2)
4. If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions.(P2)
5. For example, we often connect chicken soup with a happy childhood and its flavour becomes tied up with the feeling of being taken care of.(P3)
6. When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after, and this cheers us up.(P3)
7. The feeling of happiness and sense of belonging can become particularly important for people who move away from their home country.(P3)
8. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.(P3)
9. As a result, we will be in a better mood after eating the comfort food.(P5)
10. When the chemical lowers blood sugar levels, we are likely to feel sad again and will greedily eat more comfort food.(P5)
11. Most of the recipes include photos or videos, which are very useful for beginners.(P6)
12. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.(P6)
13. Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want.(P6)
14. The mooncake is always my favourite because of its satisfying taste that is out of this world and the happy memories it brings to mind.(P9)
15. Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp, foggy climate in which they were invented.(P11)
16. Over time, it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.(P11)
17. What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.(P11)
18. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck in particular, saying it was without equal.(P12)
四、 语法指南
动词不定式做主语和表语(To infinitives as subjects and predicatives)
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独做谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。它还可以有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
(一) 动词不定式的特征和种类
动词不定式是由不定式符号to＋动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
1. 不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语表示的动作几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy.
他看起来好像很高兴。(同时发生)
To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.
为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。(To catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后)
2. 不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。
It happened to be raining when I got there.
我到那里的时候，碰巧正在下雨。
I'm glad to be travelling with you.
我很高兴和你一起旅游。
3. 不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
I'm sorry to have lost your key.
我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.
我本来想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感觉身体不舒服。
4. 不定式的完成进行式
不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生并且一直进行着。
He was said to have been living in London for twenty years.
据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。
I'm sorry to have been interrupting you.
很抱歉，我一直打扰你。
[比较]不定式的时态意义：
He is said to be studying abroad.
据说他正在国外读书。(不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行)
He is said to have studied abroad.
据说他在国外学习过。(不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束)
5. 不定式的被动式
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语表示的动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成式两种。
(1) 一般式(to be done)
These are the books to be given out to the students.
这些是要发给学生的书。
He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed.
他要求被派往最需要他的地方。
(2) 完成式(to have been done)
The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。
He appeared to have been questioned for many times.
看起来他已经被询问过很多次了。
6. 不定式的否定形式
不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。
We decided not to go out because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，我们决定不出去。
Never to have made any mistake is impossible.
从不犯错是不可能的。
[注意]谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定表达不同的意义。
I did not promise to wake him up.
我没有答应叫醒他。
I promised not to wake him up.
我答应了不叫醒他。
(二) 动词不定式做主语和表语
1. 动词不定式做主语
不定式具有名词的特征，可在句子中充当主语。
(1) 不定式短语置于句首做主语
To know oneself is difficult.
人贵有自知之明。
To say is one thing and to do is another.
说是一回事，做又是另一回事。
(2) 用it做形式主语
在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平稳一些。
It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort.
想不下苦功就能学会外语是不可能的。
It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time.
浪费了这么多时间，真是遗憾。
[注意]当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。
To respect others is to be respected.
尊重别人就是尊重自己。
To become a slave is to give up one's freedom.
做奴隶就等于放弃自由。
2. 动词不定式做表语
不定式做表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。
His wish is to become an astronaut.
他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。
What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.
他希望能被大学录取。
[注意]
(1) 有些做表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。
She is to blame.
她应该受到责备。
The house is to let.
此房出租。
(2) 动词不定式做表语省略to的情况。
动词不定式做表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，做表语的不定式符号to可以省略。
All we have to do is (to) live each day with passion.
我们必须做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。
Don't worry. What you need to do is (to) have a good sleep.
别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。
3. 动词不定式做主语和表语的注意事项
(1) 动词不定式前通常可以加上for引导的短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。
It would make me very happy for her to win the election.
如果她赢得选举，我会很高兴。
It only takes a few seconds for the computer to solve such a complicated problem.
计算机只需要几秒钟就可以解决这一复杂的问题。
[注意]
在“It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb) to do sth”句型中，for或of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语，其区别为：如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格，介词用of；如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征，介词用for。
It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.
对父母来说，知道孩子在使用哪些应用程序也非常重要。
It was kind of Henry to give his seat to the old woman.
亨利真善良，把座位让给了那位老太太。
(2) 动词不定式做主语和表语时，可以有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honour for me to be invited here today.
我很荣幸今天被邀请到这里来。(invite与其逻辑主语me之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
Linda's birthday party is to be held next Friday.
琳达的生日聚会将于下周五举行。(表示将来发生的被动动作)
五、 话题写作
(一) 佳句积累
1. No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. (让步状语从句)
2. Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick, not to mention the lovely creamy flavour, which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood. (not to mention意为“更不用说”；非限制性定语从句)
3. With pleasure, I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma's flat, listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.(定语从句；现在分词短语做伴随状语)
4. Since it brings back happy memories of the past or offers an opportunity to connect with our home culture, comfort food can often do the trick.(原因状语从句)
5. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.(不定式做主语；现在分词短语做伴随状语)
6. They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.(主语＋be believed＋动词不定式结构)
7. It definitely hit the spot when I tried it, and it has become one of my personal favourites.(hit the spot意为“发挥正当作用，适得其用，恰到好处”)
8. The concept took off, and today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate customers' appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more delicate and delicious than the last.(独立主格结构)
(二) 佳作欣赏
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友David对中国美食很感兴趣，来信询问你家乡的特色美食。请根据以下要点给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐一种美食；
2. 简要介绍其特色；
3. 邀请他来你的家乡品尝。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear David，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_David，
Hearing you are interested in Chinese food, I'd like to recommend a well known dish to you—Kung Pao Chicken.
As one of the most popular dishes in my hometown, Kung Pao Chicken is made of chicken breast, roasted peanuts, small pieces of carrot, dried chilies and onions. Cooked with sugar, salt and vinegar, it has a combination of sweet and sour taste.
I would like to extend my sincere welcome to you if you pay a visit to my hometown, during which I will show you around. We'll try this delicious dish and other local cuisine. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,_
Li_Hua