译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 2　The universal language知识点讲义

Unit 2　The universal language
一、 单词学记
(一) 英汉对记(40组)
1. Austrian adj. 奥地利的，奥地利人的(15)
2. symphony n. 交响乐，交响曲(15)
3. concerto n. 协奏曲(15)
4. Polish adj. 波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的(15)
5. deserve vt. 值得，应得(16)
6. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的(16)
7. whisper vi.& vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响
n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言(16)
8. weep vi.& vt.(wept, wept) 哭泣，流泪(16)
9. sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事(16)
10. grave n. 坟墓；死亡，去世
adj. 严重的；严肃的(16)
11. blues n. (the blues)布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤(17)
12. folk adj. 民间的，民俗的
n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人(17)
13. tune n. 曲调，曲子
vt. 调音；调频道；调整(17)
14. lyric n. 歌词；抒情诗
adj. 抒情的；吟唱的(17)
15. rural adj. 乡村的，农村的(17)
16. heaven n. 极乐之地(17)
17. breeze n. 微风，和风(17)
18. jazz n. 爵士乐(19)
19. arch n. 拱门；拱(19)
20. invader n. 武装入侵的军队(或国家)，侵略者(19)
21. solo n. 独奏，独唱
adj. 独自的；独唱的，独奏的(19)
22. flow vi. 流，流动；充满；涨起
n. 流，流动；连贯；涨潮(20)
23. solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的(21)
24. volume n. 音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额(23)
25. stare vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视
n. 盯，凝视，注视(23)
26. grab vt.& vi. 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧(23)
27. sweep vt.& vi. (swept, swept) 席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除
　n. 打扫，清扫(23)
28. disc (AmE disk) n. 唱片；光碟，光盘；圆盘，圆片(23)
29. lane n. (乡间)小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线(23)
30. stream vi.& vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动
n. 小溪；(人)流，(车)流(25)
31. vast adj. 大量的，辽阔的，巨大的(25)
32. reputation n. 名誉，名声(25)
33. brilliant adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的(25)
34. abandon vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃(26)
35. orchestra n. 管弦乐队(26)
36. genius n. 天赋，天资；天才(26)
37. chorus n. 合唱曲；副歌；合唱团(26)
38. grand adj. 宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的(26)
39. finale n. 末乐章，终场，结局；结尾(26)
40. rhythm n. 节奏，韵律，律动；规律(27)
(二) 拓展倍记(18组)
1. composer n. 作曲家，作曲者(15)→compose vt.& vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静(16)→composition n. 成分；构成；组合方式；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品；作曲；创作；作文；小论文
2. dramatic adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的(16)→drama n. 戏；剧；戏剧文学；戏剧艺术；戏剧；戏剧性事件；戏剧性情节
3. transform vi.& vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化(16)→transformation n. (彻底的)变化，改观，转变，改革
4. combine vt.& vi. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做；合并(16)→combination n. 结合体；联合体；联合；混合
5. adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应(19)→adapt vt.& vi. 使适应，使适合(新用途、新情况)；适应(新情况)；改编；改写
6. communist adj. 共产主义的 n. 共产主义者(19)→communism n. 共产主义；共产主义制度
7. greet vt. 问候，欢迎，招呼(21)→greeting n. 问候；招呼；迎接；致意
8. suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的(21)→suit vt. 对(某人)方便；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意；相配；合身；适合；适宜；有利于n. 西服；西装；套装
9. recording n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载(21)→record n. 记录；记载；唱片；(尤指体育运动中最高或最低的)纪录vt.& vi. 记录；记载；录制；录(音)；录(像)；演奏音乐供录制；灌(唱片)
10. breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象(23)→breathe vt. 呼吸；呼出；低声说；散发(某种感情或品质) vi. 呼吸；(打开瓶盖，让酒)通气飘香；透气
11. unusual adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的(23)→usual adj. 通常的；寻常的；惯常的→usually adv. 通常地；正常地；一般地；经常地
12. complicated adj. 复杂的，难懂的(23)→complicate vt. 使复杂化
13. expectation n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望(23)→expect vt. 预料；预期；预计；等待；期待；盼望；要求；指望vi. 猜想；认为；料想
14. remarkable adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的(25)→remark n. 谈论；言论；评述；引人注目；显耀vt.& vi. 说起；谈论；评论
15. gifted adj. 有才华的，有天赋的(25)→gift n. 礼物；赠品；天赋；天才；才能；轻而易举的事；极便宜的东西vt. 白送；白给
16. depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气(25)→depression n. 抑郁症；精神忧郁；抑郁；沮丧；消沉；萧条期；经济衰退；不景气；低气压→depressed adj. 抑郁的；沮丧的；意志消沉的；患抑郁症的；不景气的；萧条的；经济困难的；低于一般水准的
17. desperate adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的(26)→desperately adv. 绝望地；不顾一切地，拼命地；极度地；猛烈地
18. variation n. 变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种(26)→vary vi. (根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同vt. 变更，(略做)改变
(三) 合成并记(8组)
1. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜(16)
2. forever adv. 永远；长久地；老是(16)
3. mankind n. 人类(21)
4. spacecraft n. (pl. spacecraft) 航天(飞行)器，宇宙飞船(21)
5. handkerchief n. (pl. handkerchiefs or
handkerchieves) 手帕，纸巾(25)
6. extraordinary adj. 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的(25)
7. upset adj. 难过的，失望的 vt. (upset, upset) 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻(25)
8. uplifting adj. 令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的(26)
(四) 短语强记(7组)
1. tear apart使(关系密切的人)分离，分开(16)
2. rely on 依赖，依靠；信任(17)
3. throw in奉送，额外赠送(17)
4. for good measure作为额外增添 (17)
5. consist of 由……组成(或构成)(19)
6. get down to (doing) sth开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事(21)
7. all of a sudden 突然，猛地(26)
(五) 重点例释(18组)
1. deserve vt. 值得，应得
(1) deserve在现代英语中通常只用作及物动词，且不用于进行时态。
注意：现在分词 deserving(值得的)在现代英语中已转化为形容词，be deserving of是一个常用结构，与用作动词的 deserve同义
(2) deserve doing＝deserve to be done
后接动词时，可用动名词也可用不定式(动名词总是用主动形式表示被动意义)
①After all that hard work, you really deserve a holiday.
在辛苦了这么长时间之后，你真得好好休息度个假。
②She deserves the prize.
＝She is deserving of the prize.
她该得这个奖。
2. sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事
(1) sorry adj. 难过；惋惜；同情；惭愧；过意不去
(2) better safe than sorry小心不出大错/谨言慎行不吃亏，轻率莽撞必后悔/小心驶得万年船
(3) sorrowful adj. 悲伤的，悲痛的，悲哀的
(4) in sorrow在悲痛之中
①He felt sorrow when his mother died.
他母亲去世时他非常悲伤。
②I was sorry to hear about your illness.
听说你病了，我很难过。
③A funeral is a sorrowful occasion.
葬礼是一种令人悲伤的场合。
3. rely on 依赖，依靠；信任
(1) rely on/upon it that …是固定句型，意为“相信……，指望……”，其中it为形式宾语，没有实际意义，真正的宾语是that引导的从句
(2) reliance n. 依赖；依靠；信任
(3) reliable adj. 可依靠的；真实可信的
①The old lady had to rely on other people to do the shopping for her.
那位老太太不得不依靠别人替她购物。
②Don't rely on it that others will lend you a hand when you're in trouble. Do depend on yourself.
当你有困难时，不要指望别人帮助你。一定要靠自己。
③In the absence of actual data no reliance can be placed on such figures.
在缺乏实际资料的情况下，这样的数据不可靠。
④We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard working.
我们在物色可靠而又勤奋的人。
4. surroundings n. 周围，环境
(1) surround vt. 围绕；环绕；(使)包围
(2) surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
(3) be surrounded with/by 被……包围/环抱
(4) surroundings与environment：两者均可表示“环境”，有时可互换，但相比之下前者侧重指人周围具体的(物质的)东西，而后者虽然也可指周围具体的东西，但它更强调这些周围的东西对人的心情、情感、品德、思想等方面的影响(即强调精神方面的因素)。使用时，前者总是用复数形式，而后者通常用单数形式。
①He felt relaxed and comfortable to be back in familiar surroundings.
他回到熟悉的环境后感到轻松和舒服。
②The police surrounded the house.
警察包围了这所房子。
③The village and its surrounding scenery are very pretty.
这座村庄和周围的风景十分优美。
④She was sitting on the floor surrounded by books.
她坐在地板上，周围都是书。
5. guarantee vt. 保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单
比较：guarantee、ensure、insure
*guarantee：指对事物的品质或人的行为等承担责任、履行义务的保证；对事物、商品等无质量、性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证。
*ensure：侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果。
*insure：“确保，投保，为……保险”，侧重说明为防不测向保险公司付钱投保。
①This washing machine is guaranteed for three years.
这台洗衣机保修三年。
②He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
他向我保证这种事情绝不会再发生。
③I will ensure that the car arrives by six o'clock.
我保证汽车六点钟之前到。
④My house is insured against fire.
我的房子保了火险。
6. consist of 由……组成(或构成)
(1) consist vi. 包含，组成，构成；在于，存在于(in)
(2) 比较：comprise、make up、compose
*comprise vt. 由……组成，构成
*make up sth组成，构成
be made up of … 由……组成，构成
*compose vt. 组成，构成
be composed of … 由……组成，构成
①Their diet consists largely of vegetables.
他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。
②Do you know how many parts this machine consists of
你知道这台机器是由多少部件组成的吗？
③The collection comprises 327 paintings.
这部画册收有327幅画。
④Women make up 56% of the student numbers.
女生占学生人数的56%。
⑤Around 15% of our diet is composed of protein.
我们的饮食中大约有15%的蛋白质。
7. defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解
(1) defend … from/against 保护……免遭伤害
(2) defense/defence n. 防御；保护；保卫；防御物；辩解；辩护
(3) in defence of为……辩护；保护；保卫；捍卫
①Don't defend him any more. It's obvious that he on purpose destroyed the fence of the garden.
别再为他辩护了。很明显，他是故意毁坏花园的篱笆的。
②The defense of the country is everyone's affair.
保卫祖国，人人有责。
③Mrs Green stood up in defence of the 16 year old boy, saying that he shouldn't have been punished.
格林夫人站起来为那个16岁的男孩辩护说他本来就不应该受到惩罚。
8. distant adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的
(1) distance n. 距离；间距；(空间的)遥远；远方；冷淡；疏远
(2) at/from a distance离一段距离；从远处；遥远地；久远地
(3) keep sb at a distance对……冷淡；同……疏远；与……保持一定距离
①A distant relative is not as good as a near neighbour.
远亲不如近邻。
②Many guests came from a distance.
许多客人从远方而来。
③He no longer keeps his neighbours at a distance.
他不再疏远邻居了。
9. accompany vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏
(1) company n. 公司；商号；演出团；陪伴；做伴
(2) keep sb company陪伴某人
①Lightning usually accompanies thunder.
闪电通常伴有雷声。
②Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
有家长陪同的孩子允许进入体育馆。
③The text is accompanied by illustration.
正文附有插图。
④She lives alone so she likes company at weekends.
她独自生活，所以很喜欢周末和别人在一起。
10. stream vi. & vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动
n. 小溪；(人)流，(车)流
①People streamed across the bridge.
桥上行人川流不息。
②Tears streamed down his face.
泪水顺着他的脸往下流。
③There was a stream of traffic behind him.
在他身后是长长的车流。
11. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的
①Enthusiastic fans would rather they met the super star at the airport tomorrow morning.
热情的粉丝们希望明天早上在机场能见到那位超级明星。
②He was praised for his enthusiasm and his open mindedness.
人们称赞他的热情与开明。
12. prediction n. 预言，预测
(1) predict vt. 预言；预告；预报
(2) predictable adj. 可预见的；可预料的；意料之中的
(3) unpredictable adj. 不可预测的，无法预言的
(4) predictability n. 可预报性；可预测性；可预计性；可预言(反义词unpredictability)
①He was unwilling to make a prediction about which books would sell in the coming year.
他不愿意预测来年哪些书会有销路。
②Even though we live in a high tech age, it's still impossible to predict the weather accurately.
即使我们生活在一个高科技时代，准确预测天气仍然是不可能的。
③Senior citizens long for a more predictable and secure future.
老年人渴望有一个更稳定、更可预见的未来。
④These reforms, we believe, would not only benefit both our countries, but contribute to global economic balance, predictability, and broader prosperity.
我们认为，这些改革措施将不仅惠及我们两国，还将有助于全球经济的平衡、可预测性和更普遍的繁荣。
13. extraordinary adj. 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的
①Yuan Longping has won many awards, which shows his extraordinary achievements.
袁隆平赢得了许多奖，这表明了他的非凡成就。
②An ordinary work day is eight hours.
正常的工作日是8小时。
③His speech was just ordinary.
他的演讲很平淡。
14. upset adj. 难过的，失望的
vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼；搅乱；打翻
①He was upset by the bad news.
坏消息使他感到不安。
②I upset the soup all over the table.
我把汤打翻在桌上了。
③The upsetting news made him feel upset.
这个令人不快的消息让他感到很心烦。
15. possess vt. 具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制
注意冠词的有无及含义的差异：
(1) in possession of (某人)拥有
(2) in the possession of sb (＝in sb's possession)为某人所拥有
(3) have possession of (某人)拥有
(4) take possession of (某人)拥有，具有，占有，占领
(5) come into possession of sth (某人)获得某物
(6) come into the possession of sb (＝come into sb's possession)被某人获得
①Nearly 3，500 years ago, people chewed on leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.
大约3 500年前，人们咀嚼含有一种特殊化学物质的树叶来减轻身体疼痛和退烧。
②They lost everything they possessed in the fire.
他们在火灾中失去了所有财产。
③China has been in possession of the island since time immemorial.
中国自古以来就拥有该岛屿。
④We can't take possession of the house until all the papers have been signed.
所有的文件都签字以后，我们才能拥有这房子。
⑤He had come into possession of a large fortune.
他得了一大笔财产。
16. abandon vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃
(1) abandon oneself to沉溺于，纵情于，陷入(to为介词)
(2) abandoned adj. 被离弃的；被遗弃的
①They first arrived at the town where they were abandoned.
她们第一次来到她们被遗弃的那个镇上。
②Don't abandon yourself to playing football, Jim.
不要沉溺于踢足球，吉姆。
③She adopted an abandoned baby 25 years ago.
她25年前收养了一个弃婴。
17. all of a sudden 突然，猛地
(1) sudden adj. 突然的；忽然的；骤然的
(2) suddenly adv. 突然；忽然；猛地；骤然
①All of a sudden the lights went out.
灯突然熄灭了。
②Don't make any sudden movements.
不要突然地做任何动作。
③It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.
我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。
18. ease n. 容易，轻易；舒适，安逸
vt. & vi. (使)宽慰，减轻
easy adj. 容易的；轻易的；不费力的；舒适的；安心的；容易吃亏的；平易近人的
①He passed the exam with ease.
他轻而易举地通过了考试。
②This computer is popular for its good design and ease of use.
这种计算机因设计巧妙、简单易用而广受欢迎。
③We laughed and that helped ease the tension.
我们笑了，因而使紧张的情绪缓和下来。
④We find it easy to get along with our new teachers here.
我们发现与我们这里的新老师相处很容易。
二、 短语扩充
(一) 英汉对记(120组)
1. the universal language(P15) 通用语言，世界语言
2. a classical musician古典音乐家
3. a wide range of types种类繁多
4. musical instruments 乐器
5. in the Tang Dynasty在唐朝
6. a blind erhu artist盲人二胡艺术家
7. (be) famous for … 因……而著名
8. Moonlight on the Second Spring 《二泉映月》
9. performing techniques表演技巧
10. Moon Night 《月夜》
11. Birdsong over Empty Mountain 《空山鸟语》
12. in the early 18th century在18世纪早期
13. an Austrian composer一位奥地利作曲家
14. a Polish composer and pianist一位波兰作曲家和钢琴家
15. musical pieces音乐作品
16. host countries(P16) 东道国，主办国
17. watch a music performance live现场观看音乐表演
18. Butterfly Lovers 《梁祝》
19. a beautiful violin concerto优美的小提琴协奏曲
20. deserve to be heard值得倾听
21. the twists and turns of a classic story一个经典故事的跌宕起伏
22. weep bitterly over the loss of … 因失去……痛哭流涕
23. (be) overcome with sorrow悲痛欲绝
24. take a softer turn变得更加柔和
25. Western musical elements西方音乐元素
26. have its roots in … 起源于……
27. all the best一切顺利，万事如意
28. host family(P17) 寄宿家庭，东道家庭
29. grow out of产生于，源于(某事物)；因长大而改掉(或革除、戒除)某习惯
30. folk music民间音乐
31. leave sb deep in thought使某人陷入沉思
32. in rural America在美国农村
33. beautiful natural images美丽的自然景象
34. be suggestive of提示有，使想起，暗示
35. an introduction to …(P19) ……的介绍
36. give sb access to让某人接触；允许某人进入
37. put on a series of free concerts举办一系列免费音乐会
38. the world's best known works世界上最著名的作品
39. in the downtown square在市中心广场
40. at the concert 在音乐会上
41. Yellow River Piano Concerto 《黄河钢琴协奏曲》
42. be well received across the world受到全世界的欢迎/好评
43. an adaptation of … ……的改编
44. (be) led by the Communist Party of China在中国共产党的领导下
45. “Ode to the Yellow River”《黄河颂》
46. end with … 以……结束
47. music related vocabulary音乐相关的词汇
48. in ancient China(P20) 在中国古代，在古代中国
49. Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods春秋战国时期
50. a master of the qin 琴师
51. think highly of … 对……评价很高，欣赏……
52. mountain ranges山脉
53. High Mountains and Flowing Water 《高山流水》
54. get tired of … 对……感到厌倦，对……厌烦
55. the preparatory subject 形式主语
56. give it one's best shot(P21) 尽力而为，尽力做好
57. be meant for … 打算给……；打算作……用
58. be capable of能够
59. the solar system太阳系
60. have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有麻烦
61. a larger audience更多的观众
62. hold music festivals举办音乐节
63. on the radio(P22) 通过广播，广播中
64. the radio presenter(P23) 电台主持人
65. play the latest single播放最新单曲
66. rush down the stairs冲下楼梯
67. in a state of … 处于……的状态
68. turn up the volume增大音量，调高音量
69. hold one's breath屏住呼吸，闭气
70. uncover the beauty of the song发掘这首歌的魅力
71. a force for change促进变革的力量，变革的推动力
72. explode onto the music scene引爆音乐现场
73. grab the attention of … 引起……的注意
74. be swept along on waves of joyous rock and roll music 被欢快的摇滚乐浪潮席卷
75. the less complicated music不那么复杂的音乐
76. be taken back to one's teenage years被带回到自己的少年时代
77. at the top of one's voice以某人最大的声音，声嘶力竭
78. look to the future with expectation满怀期待地展望未来
79. a memorable time(P24) 难忘的时光
80. ask for further information询问更多信息，要求提供进一步信息
81. a little bit more再多一点点
82. an unforgettable memory难忘的记忆
83. express positive feelings表达积极的情感
84. get rid of negative feelings摆脱消极情绪
85. a remarkable life(P25) 非凡的人生
86. a crowd of music lovers一群音乐爱好者
87. stream into a theatre涌进剧院
88. the first ever performance首次演出
89. break into enthusiastic cheers爆发出热烈的欢呼
90. at this point in one's life在人生的这一刻
91. a sea of people人山人海
92. express one's appreciation of … 表达某人对……的欣赏
93. a gifted child天才儿童，有天赋的孩子
94. day and night夜以继日；连续不断
95. not long after不久之后
96. enjoy a reputation as … 享有……的声誉
97. important figures重要人物
98. one's extraordinary future某人非凡的未来
99. take a sharp turn急转弯
100. in one's late twenties在某人二十大几岁的时候
101. one of the worst possible twists最糟糕的转折点之一
102. in the greatest perfection(P26) 完美至极
103. abandon hope放弃希望
104. be determined to … 下决心……
105. one of the most famous and treasured pieces最著名和最珍贵的作品之一
106. break into an energetic theme进入一个充满活力的主题
107. course through the music贯穿在音乐中
108. desperate lows and uplifting highs充满绝望的低音以及催人奋进的高音
109. strong will坚强的意志
110. in time order按时间顺序
111. go back to the past 回到过去
112. a transitional sentence 过渡句
113. Disney's 2016 hit film(P27) 迪士尼2016年热映电影
114. take on the role of … 担任……的角色
115. have a strong beat and a catchy chorus有强烈的节奏感且副歌朗朗上口
116. a musical drama film(P28) 音乐剧电影
117. this long lasting classic film这部经久不衰的经典电影
118. this touching story这个感人的故事
119. reveal a lifelike impression of … 展现逼真的……印象
120. the talented musician天才音乐家
(二) 同词类记(2组)
● down(8)
1. break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；被搞垮；情不自禁地哭起来；划成部分(以便分析)
2. bring down 打垮；击败；减少；降低；使(飞机)着陆；击落
3. come down 崩塌；坍塌；落下；降落；从空中坠落；(价格、温度、比率等)下降、降低
4. cut down砍倒；削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)
5. get down (困难地)吞下，咽下；写下；使悲伤；使沮丧；使忧郁
6. put down 降落；着陆；使(当众)出丑；放下；写下；下订金；镇压；平定
7. take down 拆掉；拆除；拆卸；往下拽；写下；记录
8. turn down把……调低；关小；拒绝，顶回(提议、建议或提议人)
● on(8)
1. carry on继续移动；争吵；吵闹；继续做；坚持干
2. come on登台；出场；上场；改善；改进；加把劲；得了吧；开始
3. get on上车；进展，进步；获得成功；对付；应付
4. go on (演员)上场，出场；开始运行；发生；继续下去，持续
5. hold on等着；停住；(在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住；别挂断；固定
6. keep on继续
7. put on穿上；戴上；抹；涂；发动；播放(磁带等)；发胖；举办；上演
8. try on试穿；试验
三、 精选句型
1. Music is the utmost pleasure in life; music is the clear spring of life; music is the furnace of temperamental refinement.(P15)
2. The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.(P16)
3. When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience.(P16)
4. Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhu's father forces her to marry another man.(P16)
5. Life here in Nashville is as interesting as I thought it would be.(P17)
6. It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music, so the musicians use many similar instruments, such as the guitar.(P17)
7. Obviously I don't know what it's truly like to grow up in rural America, but the masters of country music, like John Denver, can make you feel like you're there.(P17)
8. To give the public more access to music, we will put on a series of free concerts.(P19)
9. In China's Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there lived a man named Boya, who was a master of the qin.(P20)
10. Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.(P20)
11. I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.(P23)
12. It has helped me look to the future with expectation and now it helps me reflect on my life with quiet satisfaction.(P23)
13. The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special, and they broke into enthusiastic cheers at the end of the symphony.(P25)
14. Beethoven, who was almost completely deaf at this point in his life, was unaware of the audience's response until one of the singers turned him around to face the crowd.(P25)
15. Before him, he saw a sea of people all standing, clapping, and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork.(P25)
16. Symphony No.9 was Beethoven's last major piece of music in a vast body of works written throughout his remarkable life.(P25)
17. Many important figures in the music world, including the brilliant musician Mozart, started making predictions about Beethoven's extraordinary future.(P25)
18. The first movement starts quietly, but all of a sudden the whole orchestra breaks into an energetic theme.(P26)
19. The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his suffering and his strong will to fight it.(P26)
20. The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer.(P26)
21. For his amazing achievements and for his determination even in his darkest days, Beethoven is regarded as one of the most remarkable musicians who ever lived.(P26)
22. Readers can get to know that Beethoven was a strong and pure man, and that despite all his sufferings, he never gave up and emerged as a conqueror.(P28)
四、 语法指南
动词 ing做主语和宾语(Verb ing forms as subjects and objects)
Verb ing (动名词)是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形＋ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称动名词。
(一) 动名词的性质和用法
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。本单元主要涉及做主语和宾语的情况。
1. 动名词做主语
动名词(短语)做主语往往表示经常或习惯性的动作。
(1) 直接置于句首做主语。
Reading is an art.
读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun.
爬山真是有趣。
[注意]动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数。
(2) 用 it 做形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾做后置主语。
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。
常用句型：
It is＋no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/nice/a waste of time/a pleasure …＋ verb ing
[注意]important、essential、necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词(常用不定式)。
(3) 用于“There be”结构中。
There is no saying when he'll come.
很难说他何时回来。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
历史的车轮不可阻挡。
常用句型：There is no ＋ verb ing ＝It is impossible to do …
[注意]在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式做主语。
(4) 用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking.
＝No smoking is allowed (here).
禁止吸烟。
No parking.
禁止停车。
(5) 动名词的复合结构做主语。
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中做主语。
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。
Lao Li's going there won't be of much help.
老李去不会有多大帮助。
2. 动名词做宾语
(1) 做动词的宾语。
①某些动词(短语)后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词做宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词(短语)有：advise、suggest、allow、permit、avoid、consider、finish、cannot help、imagine、include、keep、mind、miss、delay、practise、resist、postpone、deny、appreciate、escape、excuse、pardon、can't stand、put off、give up等。
Would you mind opening the window
把窗户打开好吗？
Seeing the picture, he couldn't help laughing.
看了这幅画，他忍不住大笑起来。
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃跑来免除罚款。
②在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词(短语)做宾语：find/think/consider … ＋it(形式宾语)＋no use/no good/useless … ＋ verb ing (真正宾语)。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.
我觉得沿着海岸散步很愉快。
Do you consider it any good trying again
你认为再试一次有好处吗？
③形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。
The music is well worth listening to more than once.
这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
(2) 做介词的宾语。
①经常接动名词的短语有：think of/about、dream of/about、hear of、prevent/keep/stop … from …、depend on、set about、succeed in、worry about、burst out、insist on、be/get used to、devote … to …、look forward to、pay attention to、get down to、be good at、do well in、be fond of、be interested in、be tired of、be afraid of、spend … (in)、feel like、prefer … to …、instead of、in case of等。
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.
我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work
我们休息还是开始干活呢？
Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time.
安一直盼望着来中国。
②在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：
a. S＋have＋trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/a good time/a hard time＋(in)＋verb ing
b. S＋spend time/money＋(in)＋verb ing
c. S＋be busy＋(in)＋verb ing
d. S＋lose no time＋(in)＋verb ing (立即……)
We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet.
我们正忙着为即将到来的运动会做准备。
Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English
你听懂英语口语有困难吗？
[注意]动名词的复合结构
①带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可做主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。
Jane's being careless caused so much trouble.
(＝That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)
简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。
What's troubling them is their not having enough food. (＝What's troubling them is that they don't have enough food.)
烦扰他们的是食物不足。
②在口语中，如果动名词复合结构做宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首做主语时不能这样来代替。
Would you mind my/me using your computer
你介意我用一下你的电脑吗？
The father insisted on his son's/his son going to college.
这个父亲坚决要求他的儿子上大学。
Mary's(不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.
玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。
His(不可用Him) smoking made his family angry.
他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。
③在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格：
a. 无生命名词
The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.
这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒了。
b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义
Have you ever heard of women practising boxing
你听说过妇女练拳击吗？
c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列
Do you remember your parents and me telling about this
你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？
(二) 动名词的时态和语态
动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如下表所示(以及物动词write为例)，不及物动词没有语态的变化。
时态/语态 主动 被动
一般式 writing being written
完成式 having written having been written
1. 时态
(1) 动名词的一般式：表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。
I hate talking with such people.
我讨厌与这样的人说话。
Being careless is not a good habit.
粗心不是一个好习惯。
(2) 动名词的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
I don't remember having met him before.
我不记得以前见过他。
He denied having taken any money from the cash register.
他否认从收银机里拿了钱。
2. 语态
动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者时，动名词用被动语态。
(1) 动名词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在其后发生。
I don't like being laughed at in public.
在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
He came in without being asked.
他没被邀请就进来了。
(2) 动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.
我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
(3) 对于某些动词，尽管动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，但是我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式。
Excuse me for being late.
抱歉，我来晚了。
Thank you for giving us so much help.
谢谢你给我们这么多的帮助。
(4) 在多数情况下应避免使用动名词被动语态的完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。
I forget once being taken (having been taken) to the city zoo.
我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。
(三) 动名词的否定式：not＋verb ing
I regret not being able to help you.
我很抱歉不能帮助你。
I apologize for not having waited for you.
没有等你，我向你表示歉意。
(四) 动名词与动词不定式的区别
1. 做主语或表语时：
动词不定式和动名词都可以用做主语，在意义上相近，但动名词多用来表示泛指的抽象动作或经常性的动作；不定式多用来表示特指或具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。
Smoking is not good for your health.
抽烟对你的健康无益。
Our task now is to increase food production.
我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。
2. 有些动词后既可用动名词也可用不定式做宾语，如like、love、hate、dislike、begin、start、continue、want、need、stop、remember、forget、try、attempt等。
(1) 有时区别不大。
Let's continue working/to work.
我们继续工作吧。
When did you begin learning/to learn English
你什么时候开始学英语的？
(2) 但有时两种结构之间含义不同，如remember、forget、regret、try、stop、mean、go on等。
He tried speaking English to us.
他试着用英语和我们讲话。
Please try to do it better next time.
下次请设法做得更好些。
This means setting out at once.
这意味着立即出发。
He really meant to come.
他确实打算来的。
3. 在表示“需要”意义的动词后，如want、need、require、deserve等，当主语表事物时，其后既可用动名词的主动式也可用不定式的被动式表被动含义。
My watch needs repairing/to be repaired.
我的表需要修理。
The way deserves mentioning/to be mentioned.
这种方式值得一提。
4. 在allow、permit、advise、recommend、consider、forbid等词后，常用动名词做宾语，用不定式做宾语补足语。
We don't allow smoking here.
我们这禁止吸烟。
Her mother doesn't allow her to stay up late.
她妈妈不允许她熬夜。
五、 话题写作
(一) 佳句积累
1. Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.(形容词做状语)
2. Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave.(过去分词短语做状语)
3. Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.(现在分词短语做伴随状语)
4. It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation.(句型It turns out that …，意为“结果……”)
5. The tunes are easy to sing, and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought.(形容词＋不定式，主动表示被动；leave后接复合宾语)
6. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.(句型so … that …)
7. Since the only person that understands my music is gone, it's no use keeping the qin.(原因状语从句；定语从句；句型it's no use doing …)
8. By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.(by the time从句使用过去时，主句使用过去完成时)
9. Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope.(however置于句中)
10. Despite his hearing loss, he was determined to find a way to continue living a life full of music.(介词despite＋名词短语构成让步状语)
(二) 佳作欣赏
假定你是李华，你校英语报以“My Favourite Singer”为题征集英语短文，你打算从以下几个方面介绍歌手鲍勃·迪伦(Bob Dylan)，内容包括：
1. 鲍勃·迪伦，美国著名词曲创作人、歌手，2016年获得诺贝尔文学奖，其最具代表性的作品有The Times They Are A Changin'等；
2. 其作品反映了时代特征，为美国文化甚至整个世界的文化做出了贡献。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：歌词lyrics
My Favourite Singer
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One possible version：
My_Favourite_Singer
In 2016, the famous US musician Bob Dylan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
As a famous songwriter and singer, he has created a lot of remarkable works, especially when it comes to folk songs. One of the most typical songs is his The Times They Are A Changin'. His works reflect the characteristics of the times, making great contributions to American culture, and even to the world culture.
He is such a singer who can amuse me with most of his songs. Because of the rich lyrics and his pleasant voice, he has become my favourite singer.