定语从句学案(Ⅰ)(无答案）2026届高考英语一轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 定语从句学案(Ⅰ)(无答案）2026届高考英语一轮复习专项 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-11-23 13:39:51 | ||
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定语从句 学案一
教学目标：
1.掌握定语从句的定义和作用
2.掌握关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as基本用法
3.掌握关系代词的特殊用法
4.掌握使用定语从句的注意事项
教学过程
导入---诵读课本例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．(必修一教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.
2．(必修一教材P50）The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
3．(必修一教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4．(必修一教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5．(必修一教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
[发现总结]
1．第3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who，在定语从句中作主语。
2．第1句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that，在定语从句中作主语。
3．第5句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom，在定语从句中作宾语。
关系代词who/whom常用来指代人；关系代词that/which常用来指代物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。
4．第4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作定语，它既可以指人也可以指物。
[语法精讲]
一、定语从句的定义和作用
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。
从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1．who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.正在和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。
The girl (who) I met yesterday is his sister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
2．whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
注意：
(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
The boy(who/whom/that) I saw yesterday is John's brother.
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
3．which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Gui lin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
4．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
The report (that) Mr.Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
5．whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，作从句定语。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
as “正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
常用于以下句型当中：as we all know,众所周知 as is often the case, 这是常有的事
such/so….. as…. 像…..一样 the same …. as… 和…...同样的
A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.He is not the same man as he was.
As I remember, there were a net bar here.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.
[语法总结]
[即学即练1] 关系代词填空
(1)Do you know the man ___________ is talking with your mother
(2)This is the person ___________ you should thank for helping your son.
(3)Look,here are some people ___________ I want you to meet.
(4)Do you still remember the chicken farm ___________ we visited three months ago
(5)Any student ___________ family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
三、关系代词的特殊用法
1.用that不用which的情况
1）当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
2）当先行词既指人，又指物时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
3）当先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4） 当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。
5）当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不是过去那个样子了。
[语法总结]
[即学即练2] 完成句子
(1)这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
This is the most beautiful park ___________________________.
(2)我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
We often talk about the persons and things ______________________.
(3)我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
I have found the very pen______________________yesterday.
2.用which不用that的情况
1）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。
2）引导非限制性定语从句时（用逗号与主句隔开）。
Tom came back, which made us very happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
[语法总结]
[即学即练3] 用关系代词填空
(1)The house in _____________I used to live has become a shoe shop.
(2)Have you ever read the book, ___________ was written by a young girl
3.用who不用that的情况
1) 先行词为指人的不定代词 。
当先行词是those, someone, anyone, everyone, one, all（指人）等复合不定代词，常用who。
Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished.（任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚）。
2) 非限制性定语从句中指人 。
非限制性定语从句（用逗号与主句隔开）中，指人时只能用who。
He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.（他有一个儿子，儿子已出国深造）。
3) 先行词为人称代词或被特定限定词修饰 。
当先行词是he, she, they等人称代词，或被the only, the very等修饰时，用who。
She is the only one who passed the exam.（她是唯一通过考试的人）。
[语法总结]
[即学即练4] 用关系代词填空
(1) Those ___________ work hard will succeed.
(2)My teacher, ___________ is from Canada, speaks three languages.
(3) He ___________ laughs last laughs best.（笑到最后的人笑得最好）。
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1．主谓一致，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
The man, along with his two sons, who is invited to the party is a famous writer.
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，代表前面整个情况。这时which被看作单数
He said he was a Frenchman, which was not true.他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。
2．关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
(3)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
[即学即练5] 单句语法填空
(1)All that can be done____________ (have) been done.
(2)The student you should learn from is the one ___________ works hard and studies hard.
(3)He is one of the students ___________ know Spanish.
板书设计
1.关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
2.关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose,as
3.用that不用which的情况;用which不用that的情况;用who不用that的情况
教学目标：
1.掌握定语从句的定义和作用
2.掌握关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as基本用法
3.掌握关系代词的特殊用法
4.掌握使用定语从句的注意事项
教学过程
导入---诵读课本例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．(必修一教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.
2．(必修一教材P50）The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
3．(必修一教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4．(必修一教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5．(必修一教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
[发现总结]
1．第3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who，在定语从句中作主语。
2．第1句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that，在定语从句中作主语。
3．第5句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom，在定语从句中作宾语。
关系代词who/whom常用来指代人；关系代词that/which常用来指代物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。
4．第4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作定语，它既可以指人也可以指物。
[语法精讲]
一、定语从句的定义和作用
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。
从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1．who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.正在和我父亲说话的那个人是教师。
The girl (who) I met yesterday is his sister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
2．whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
注意：
(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
The boy(who/whom/that) I saw yesterday is John's brother.
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
3．which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Gui lin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一个有2 000年历史的城市。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
4．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
The report (that) Mr.Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
5．whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，作从句定语。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
as “正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
常用于以下句型当中：as we all know,众所周知 as is often the case, 这是常有的事
such/so….. as…. 像…..一样 the same …. as… 和…...同样的
A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.He is not the same man as he was.
As I remember, there were a net bar here.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.
[语法总结]
[即学即练1] 关系代词填空
(1)Do you know the man ___________ is talking with your mother
(2)This is the person ___________ you should thank for helping your son.
(3)Look,here are some people ___________ I want you to meet.
(4)Do you still remember the chicken farm ___________ we visited three months ago
(5)Any student ___________ family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
三、关系代词的特殊用法
1.用that不用which的情况
1）当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
2）当先行词既指人，又指物时。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
3）当先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4） 当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。
5）当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不是过去那个样子了。
[语法总结]
[即学即练2] 完成句子
(1)这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
This is the most beautiful park ___________________________.
(2)我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
We often talk about the persons and things ______________________.
(3)我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
I have found the very pen______________________yesterday.
2.用which不用that的情况
1）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。
2）引导非限制性定语从句时（用逗号与主句隔开）。
Tom came back, which made us very happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
[语法总结]
[即学即练3] 用关系代词填空
(1)The house in _____________I used to live has become a shoe shop.
(2)Have you ever read the book, ___________ was written by a young girl
3.用who不用that的情况
1) 先行词为指人的不定代词 。
当先行词是those, someone, anyone, everyone, one, all（指人）等复合不定代词，常用who。
Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished.（任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚）。
2) 非限制性定语从句中指人 。
非限制性定语从句（用逗号与主句隔开）中，指人时只能用who。
He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.（他有一个儿子，儿子已出国深造）。
3) 先行词为人称代词或被特定限定词修饰 。
当先行词是he, she, they等人称代词，或被the only, the very等修饰时，用who。
She is the only one who passed the exam.（她是唯一通过考试的人）。
[语法总结]
[即学即练4] 用关系代词填空
(1) Those ___________ work hard will succeed.
(2)My teacher, ___________ is from Canada, speaks three languages.
(3) He ___________ laughs last laughs best.（笑到最后的人笑得最好）。
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1．主谓一致，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
The man, along with his two sons, who is invited to the party is a famous writer.
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，代表前面整个情况。这时which被看作单数
He said he was a Frenchman, which was not true.他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。
2．关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
(3)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
[即学即练5] 单句语法填空
(1)All that can be done____________ (have) been done.
(2)The student you should learn from is the one ___________ works hard and studies hard.
(3)He is one of the students ___________ know Spanish.
板书设计
1.关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
2.关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose,as
3.用that不用which的情况;用which不用that的情况;用who不用that的情况