阅读理解。
A
China’s Railway Sector: Faster, Greener and More Intelligent
As a key part of the country’s transportation infrastructure, China’s railway network has made remarkable progress in 2024, focusing on speed upgrades, green transformation and intelligent development. By the end of last year, the total length of China’s railways reached 162,000 kilometers, with high-speed rail accounting for 48,000 kilometers, maintaining its leading position globally.
A major highlight is the debut of the CR450 high-speed train prototype. With a test speed of 450 km/h, it will operate at 400 km/h when entering commercial service, up from the current 350 km/h of CR400 series. The new train uses carbon fiber materials to reduce weight by 10%, cutting energy consumption while improving speed. It also features quieter cabins and 4% more passenger space, including areas for wheelchairs and strollers.
Another green breakthrough is the CINOVA H2 hydrogen-powered train, unveiled at an international transport fair in Berlin. Running on hydrogen fuel cells, it achieves zero carbon emissions, with only water as a byproduct. Capable of reaching 200 km/h and traveling 1,200 kilometers on a single refueling (which takes just 15 minutes), it can carry over 1,000 passengers. Each such train can reduce CO emissions by 730 metric tons annually if operating 300,000 kilometers.
Both innovations reflect China’s commitment to building a greener and more efficient railway system, bringing convenience to passengers and contributing to global carbon reduction efforts.
（ ）1. What is the total length of China’s high-speed rail network by the end of 2024
A. 162,000 km. B. 48,000 km. C. 114,000 km. D. 400,000 km.
（ ）2. What advantage does the CR450 train have over the CR400 series
A. Lower test speed. B. Heavier body weight.
C. Higher operating speed. D. Fewer passenger seats.
（ ）3. What makes the CINOVA H2 train environmentally friendly
A. It uses carbon fiber materials. B. It produces no carbon emissions.
C. It refuels in a short time. D. It has a long travel range.
词汇回顾
transportation infrastructure：交通基础设施
remarkable progress：显著进步
green transformation：绿色转型
prototype：原型机
commercial service：商业运营
carbon fiber materials：碳纤维材料
energy consumption：能源消耗
hydrogen-powered：氢动力的
zero carbon emissions：零碳排放
byproduct：副产品
refueling：加注燃料
carbon reduction：碳减排
B
Natalie, a young Italian woman, has lived in Beijing for eight years and now calls China her second hometown. Her journey with Chinese culture began in 2015 when she was a college student in Italy. She chose to study Chinese and later got support from the Confucius Institute, which made her fall in love with the lively learning atmosphere of the Chinese class.
In 2018, Natalie returned to China for work and settled in Beijing. She was deeply attracted by the city’s unique charm — the blend of ancient history and modern development. Wandering in the hutongs or walking through the high-rises in Guomao, she felt a strong connection to the city. The warmth of Beijingers also impressed her greatly; although some elderly residents couldn’t speak fluent English, they always tried their best to help her find her way.
During her life in China, Natalie experienced the convenience brought by technology. She often used mobile apps to call repairmen or couriers, which made daily life much easier. She also noticed that Chinese electronic products like Huawei and Xiaomi are gaining popularity in Italy for their good quality and reasonable prices.
As a university teacher, Natalie devotes herself to promoting cultural exchange between China and Italy. In her classes, she not only teaches Italian but also compares the two cultures to help students understand their differences and similarities. She plans to translate more Chinese and Italian books into each other’s languages and organize cultural exchange activities. For Natalie, language is a powerful tool that helps build bridges between nations, and she hopes to continue her work as a cultural communicator in the future.
（ ）4. When did Natalie first come to China
A. In 2015. B. In 2018. C. Eight years ago. D. When she was a teacher.
（ ）5. What made Natalie fall in love with learning Chinese
A. The support from her family. B. The lively class atmosphere.
C. The difficulty of the language. D. The promise of a good job.
（ ）6. Why are Chinese electronic products popular in Italy according to Natalie
A. They are cheap and fashionable.
B. They are light and easy to carry.
C. They have good quality and reasonable prices.
D. They are promoted by Italian stars.
（ ）7. What’s the best title for the passage
A. The Rapid Development of Beijing.
B. The Popularity of Chinese Products in Italy.
C. An Italian Teacher’s Life in Beijing.
D. A Cultural Bridge-Builder Between China and Italy.
词汇回顾
cultural exchange：文化交流
Confucius Institute：孔子学院
lively atmosphere：活跃的氛围
blend of ancient and modern：古今交融
hutongs：胡同
high-rises：高楼大厦
mobile apps：手机应用程序
repairmen：维修工
couriers：快递员
electronic products：电子产品
reasonable prices：合理的价格
devotes herself to：致力于
build bridges between nations：搭建国家间桥梁
cultural communicator：文化传播者
C
Green travel, as an efficient and low-carbon way of getting around, has become a key part of China’s urban development and carbon reduction efforts. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in promoting this concept across the country.
Policy support has laid a solid foundation. With national strategies like carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, green travel has been integrated into the construction of a transportation power and a beautiful China. Since 2020, a national green travel initiative has been carried out, with 97 cities passing the assessment. Infrastructure has also been upgraded: by the end of 2023, there were nearly 80,000 urban public transport routes, serving about 200 million passengers daily. Cities like Beijing and Xiamen have built dedicated bicycle lanes, which are widely praised by residents.
However, challenges remain. The rapid growth of car ownership and the rising demand for individual motorized travel have hindered the increase of green travel rates. Moreover, the green travel environment needs improvement—some bicycle lanes are discontinuous, lack right-of-way protection, and outdated pedestrian facilities increase safety risks, making people reluctant to choose slow travel.
Looking ahead, green travel in China is showing positive trends. New travel modes such as shared bicycles and electric bikes are enriching people’s choices. Cities are accelerating the planning of slow traffic systems, including bicycle lanes and urban greenways. The application of carbon credit mechanisms is also encouraging more people to adopt green travel. To achieve high-quality development, joint efforts from the government, society and the market are needed—improving relevant laws, optimizing infrastructure, and turning the concept of green travel into people’s conscious actions.
（ ）8. What has laid a solid foundation for China’s green travel development
A. The increase in car ownership.
B. Policy support from the country.
C. The construction of dedicated bicycle lanes.
D. The growth of individual travel demand.
（ ）9. What is a challenge facing China’s green travel
A. Insufficient public transport routes.
B. Low recognition of green travel concepts.
C. Poor green travel environment.
D. Lack of new travel modes.
（ ）10. What trend is green travel in China showing
A. Fewer people choose shared bicycles.
B. Slow traffic system planning is accelerating.
C. Carbon credit mechanisms are being abandoned.
D. Pedestrian facilities are becoming more outdated.
（ ）11. What does the text mainly want to tell readers
A. China’s green travel has made progress but still faces challenges.
B. How to improve China’s public transport infrastructure.
C. Why individual motorized travel is popular in cities.
D. The importance of carbon neutrality for urban development.
词汇回顾
green travel：绿色出行
low-carbon：低碳的
carbon reduction：碳减排
carbon peaking and carbon neutrality：碳达峰碳中和
solid foundation：坚实基础
infrastructure：基础设施
dedicated bicycle lanes：专用自行车道
car ownership：汽车保有量
motorized travel：机动化出行
hinder：阻碍
right-of-way protection：路权保障
slow travel：慢行出行
shared bicycles：共享单车
electric bikes：电动自行车
urban greenways：城市绿道
carbon credit mechanisms：碳积分机制
joint efforts：多方合力
conscious actions：自觉行动
D
Plastic pollution from disposable food packaging has become a pressing global environmental issue. Traditional food packaging like polyethylene (PE)-coated paper relies on plastic films for water and oil resistance, but these materials are hard to recycle and degrade, leading to long-term environmental harm. To address this challenge, Chinese enterprises and research institutions have developed a groundbreaking solution: water-based barrier technology for food packaging paper.
In March 2025, the global launch of large-scale mass production of zero-plastic water-based barrier food packaging paper was held in Zibo, Shandong Province. Jointly developed by Asia Pulp & Paper (APP), BASF and DBC, this innovative product breaks through technical bottlenecks in replacing traditional paper-plastic composite packaging. It adopts BASF’s Joncryl water-based barrier materials and DBC’s Bioten water-based adhesives, achieving one-time molding on modern high-speed paper machines without the need for secondary coating.
The zero-plastic packaging paper boasts excellent environmental performance. Certified by international authorities, it is 100% plastic-free, recyclable (with a recovery rate of 98.8% tested by Germany’s PTS Institute), and compostable both industrially and at home. It can reduce carbon emissions by 68% compared to traditional packaging and effectively eliminates microplastic pollution. Meanwhile, it maintains strong functional performance—resistant to water and oil, heat-sealable, and safe for microwave heating, meeting the needs of coffee, milk tea and food delivery industries.
This technology provides a new path for the green transformation of the packaging industry. With the global demand for functional packaging paper reaching 4.2 million tons annually, the large-scale production of water-based barrier packaging paper is expected to promote sustainable development in the industry, supporting global “plastic restriction” and “dual carbon” goals.
（ ）12. What is the problem with traditional PE-coated food packaging
A. It lacks water resistance. B. It is difficult to recycle and degrade.
C. It cannot be used for food delivery. D. It has high production costs.
（ ）13. What makes the zero-plastic packaging paper an innovative product
A. It uses traditional plastic films.
B. It requires secondary coating processing.
C. It achieves one-time molding on high-speed machines.
D. It is developed by foreign enterprises alone.
（ ）14. What environmental advantage does the zero-plastic packaging paper have
A. It can reduce carbon emissions by 68%.
B. It contains a small amount of plastic.
C. Its recovery rate is only 50%.
D. It produces microplastic pollution.
（ ）15. What can we infer from the passage
A. Traditional packaging is more popular than green packaging.
B. Water-based barrier technology will promote industry sustainability.
C. Global demand for functional packaging paper is declining.
D. The new technology fails to meet international standards.
词汇回顾
disposable food packaging：一次性食品包装
pressing environmental issue：紧迫的环境问题
polyethylene (PE)-coated paper：聚乙烯淋膜纸
water and oil resistance：防水防油性
degrade：降解
groundbreaking solution：突破性解决方案
water-based barrier technology：水性阻隔技术
mass production：规模化量产
technical bottlenecks：技术瓶颈
paper-plastic composite packaging：纸塑复合包装
water-based adhesives：水性粘结剂
one-time molding：一次性成型
recyclable：可回收的
compostable：可堆肥的
carbon emissions：碳排放
microplastic pollution：微塑料污染
heat-sealable：可热封的
green transformation：绿色转型
plastic restriction：限塑
dual carbon goals：双碳目标阅读理解。
A
【文章导读】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍2024年中国铁路在高速列车升级和氢动力列车研发方面的进展，凸显其更快、更环保、更智能特点。
【答案详解】
1. B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“By the end of last year, the total length of China’s railways reached 162,000 kilometers, with high-speed rail accounting for 48,000 kilometers”可知，截至2024年底，中国高铁总里程为4.8万公里，A选项是铁路总里程，C、D选项无原文依据，故选B。
2. C细节理解题。文章第二段提到“it will operate at 400 km/h when entering commercial service, up from the current 350 km/h of CR400 series”，说明CR450的运营速度比CR400系列更高；A选项“更低的测试速度”与原文“test speed of 450 km/h”矛盾，B选项“更重的车身”与“reduce weight by 10%”不符，D选项“更少的乘客座位”与“4% more passenger space”相悖，故选C。
3. B细节理解题。第三段明确指出“Running on hydrogen fuel cells, it achieves zero carbon emissions, with only water as a byproduct”，零碳排放是其环保核心优势；A选项是CR450的特点，C、D选项是其性能优势而非环保优势，故选B。
B
【文章导读】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了意大利女孩娜塔丽在中国的生活、工作经历，以及她作为文化使者促进中意两国文化交流的故事。
【答案详解】
4. A细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Her journey with Chinese culture began in 2015 when she was a college student in Italy”可知，娜塔丽第一次来中国是在2015年；B选项2018年是她再次来中国工作的时间，C选项“八年前”与原文“已在北京生活八年”的时间逻辑不符，D选项“当她是老师时”无原文依据，故选A。
5. B细节理解题。由第一段“which made her fall in love with the lively learning atmosphere of the Chinese class”可知，活跃的课堂氛围让她爱上了中文学习；A选项“家人的支持”、C选项“语言的难度”、D选项“好工作的承诺”均未在原文提及，故选B。
6. C细节理解题。根据第三段“Chinese electronic products like Huawei and Xiaomi are gaining popularity in Italy for their good quality and reasonable prices”可知，中国电子产品因质量好、价格合理在意大利受欢迎；A、B、D选项的描述均与原文不符，无对应信息支撑，故选C。
7. D主旨大意题。文章围绕娜塔丽在中国的生活展开，核心突出她作为中意文化交流桥梁的角色，最后一段也明确提到她“build bridges between nations”；A选项“北京的快速发展”、B选项“中国产品在意大利的流行”仅为文章部分细节，C选项“一位意大利老师在北京的生活”未体现核心的文化交流主题，故选D。
C
【文章导读】
本文是一篇议论文，围绕中国绿色出行的发展成就、面临的挑战及未来趋势展开论述，探讨如何推动其高质量发展。
【答案详解】
8. B细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Policy support has laid a solid foundation”可知，国家政策支持为绿色出行发展奠定了坚实基础；A选项“汽车保有量增加”、D选项“个人出行需求增长”是绿色出行面临的挑战，C选项“专用自行车道建设”是基础设施升级的具体表现，并非基础保障，故选B。
9. C细节理解题。第三段明确提到“the green travel environment needs improvement”，并列举了自行车道不连续、步行设施陈旧等问题，说明绿色出行环境不佳是当前面临的挑战；A选项“公交路线不足”与原文“近8万条公交路线”矛盾，B选项“绿色出行理念认可度低”与第一段“理念日渐深入人心”不符，D选项“缺乏新出行方式”与最后一段“新出行方式层出不穷”相悖，故选C。
10. B细节理解题。最后一段指出“Cities are accelerating the planning of slow traffic systems”，说明慢行交通系统规划正在加速推进；A选项“选择共享单车的人减少”、C选项“碳积分机制被放弃”、D选项“步行设施更陈旧”均与原文描述相反，无原文依据，故选B。
11. A主旨大意题。文章第二段论述绿色出行取得的进步，第三段指出面临的挑战，最后一段展望未来趋势，核心是“中国绿色出行有成就但仍存挑战”；B选项“如何改善公交基础设施”、C选项“机动化出行流行的原因”仅为文章部分细节，D选项“碳中和对城市发展的重要性”并非文章核心话题，故选A。
D
【文章导读】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国企业联合研发的水性阻隔技术及零塑食品包装纸，阐述其技术突破、环保优势及行业意义。
【答案详解】
12. B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“these materials are hard to recycle and degrade, leading to long-term environmental harm”可知，传统PE淋膜食品包装难以回收和降解；A选项“缺乏防水性”与原文“relies on plastic films for water and oil resistance”矛盾，C选项“不能用于外卖”、D选项“生产成本高”均未在原文提及，故选B。
13. C细节理解题。第二段明确提到“achieving one-time molding on modern high-speed paper machines without the need for secondary coating”，这是该创新产品的核心特点；A选项“使用传统塑料膜”与“zero-plastic ”相悖，B选项“需要二次涂布”与原文“without the need for secondary coating”矛盾，D选项“仅由外国企业研发”与“jointly developed by Asian Pulp & Paper (APP), BASF and DBC”不符，故选C。
14. A细节理解题。第三段指出“It can reduce carbon emissions by 68% compared to traditional packaging”，这是其关键环保优势；B选项“含少量塑料”与“100% plastic-free”矛盾，C选项“回收率仅50%”与“recovery rate of 98.8%”不符，D选项“产生微塑料污染”与“effectively eliminates microplastic pollution”相悖，故选A。
15. B推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“the large-scale production of water-based barrier packaging paper is expected to promote sustainable development in the industry”，可推断该技术将推动行业可持续发展；A选项“传统包装比绿色包装更受欢迎”、C选项“功能性包装纸需求下降”均无原文依据，D选项“新技术未达国际标准”与“Certified by international authorities”矛盾，故选B。
