2025天津高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气用法专题复习练习题（含答案与解析）
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2025天津高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气用法专题复习练习题
真题练习
1.（2023天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us.
A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t
2.（2021天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made B. should have made
C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made
3.（2021天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A. need B. should C. could D. must
4.（2017全国卷）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so they_______come up for air.
A. may B. can C. might D. must
5.（2020全国卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
6.（2020天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
7.（2020天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
8.（2018天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door
—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
9.（2019天津卷）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
10.（2019天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.
A. need have practised B. might practise
C. must have practised D. could practise
11.（2017天津卷）Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated later.
A. should B. could C. might D. would
12.（2017全国卷）My brother lent me the money,_______I couldn't have afforded the trip.
A. Furthermore B. Otherwise
C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
13.（2019全国卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
14.（2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
15.（2019天津卷）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A. would be B. might have been
C. would have been D. had been
16.（2018天津卷）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A. studied B. had studied
C. would study D. might have studied
17.（2018天津卷）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
18.（2017全国卷）_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
19.（2017天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
20.（2016天津卷）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I_________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
名校模拟练习
1.（25-26高三上·天津·阶段练习）According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one ________ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.
A. can B. shall C. need D. would
2.（25-26高三上·天津北辰·阶段练习）—Can I pay the bill by Alipay
—Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ________ be made by credit card.
A. must B. need C. will D. shall
3.（25-26高三上·天津红桥·阶段练习）-Someone is knocking at the door. Is it William
-It________be William. He has gone to France for his holiday.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
4.（25-26高三上·天津·阶段练习）— That woman has been taking care of the two white tigers for 8 years.
— Oh, dear! She _________a lot of difficulties!
A. could go through B. might go through
C. should have gone through D. must have gone through
5.（25-26高三上·天津津南·阶段练习）I was really anxious about you. You ________ have left home without a word.
A. must B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. should
6. （25-26高三上·天津南开·开学考试）According to the traffic regulations, all the vehicles on the streets________ come to a full stop on seeing the red lights and put way to those walking by.
A. will B. shall C. can D. may
7.（25-26高三上·天津武清·开学考试）The cake ________ have been carefully baked for hours based on its delicious taste.
A. must B. would C. need D. should
8.（2025·天津武清·模拟预测）—I performed in the closing ceremony of English Festival held in our school yesterday.
—Really It ________ the highlight of your senior high.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
9.（24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）— My computer ________ start, no matter how hard I try.
— It might have crashed. You need to have it examined.
A. won’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
10.（2025·天津·模拟预测）The athletes competed so flawlessly in the gymnastics final. They ______ intensively for months before the event.
A. must have practiced B. should practice C. might practice D. could have practiced
11.（2025·天津·二模）—I didn’t see her yesterday.
—Of course, you _________ , because she had gone on a trip.
A. couldn’t B. may not have C. can’t have D. mustn’t have
12.（2025·天津·三模）He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. would C. could D. must
13.（2025·天津·模拟预测）— Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.
— Luckily for her. She ______ sick or even died.
A. could have got B. should have got C. must have got D. will have got
14.（2025·天津·二模）In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve, all of our family members ________ be together, sitting around the table and enjoying the food.
A. shall B. would C. must D. might
15.（2025·天津河西·三模）— How about the meals during your exchange visit
— Well, it ________ worse.
A. couldn't have been B. shouldn't have been
C. mustn't have been D. needn't have been
16.（2025·天津和平·三模）I wonder why you ______ turn to Tom for help all the time when you can complete your tasks by yourself.
A. should B. could C. may D. would
17.（2025·天津滨海新·三模）In my childhood, every year during the Lantern Festival, my grandparents ______ solve lantern riddles with me.
A. could B. should C. might D. would
18.（24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）—You ______ have finished the report already; it’s only been an hour.
—Believe it or not, I made it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
19.（24-25高三下·天津武清·阶段练习）When I was a little boy, on the eve of Spring Festival, all the family members ________ sit around the table, enjoying the food and being together again.
A. should B. could C. would D. might
20.（2025·天津河北·二模）When drafting essays, you ______ pay too much attention to logical flow — unclear connections confuse readers.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
21.（2025·天津和平·三模）He suggested that the problems ______ attached special attention to.
A. referred to be B. refer to being C. referred to being D. referring to be
22.（24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）— How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood
— Next to nothing. How I wish I ______ harder at English.
A. have worked B. had worked C. would work D. would have worked
23.（2025高二上·全国·专题练习）In this country, it is required that anyone who wants to settle here ______ pass this kind of test.
A. has to B. had to C. have to D. will have to
24.（19-20高三上·天津静海·阶段练习）Mary often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through WeChat, as if they chatting in her living room.
A. were B. are C. had been D. has been
25.（2019·天津和平·二模）If Tom ______ one more votes, he could be the monitor of our class now.
A. received B. had received
C. should receive D. would receive
26. （2019·天津·一模）--Sorry for having kept you waiting. But for the traffic jam，I________________ 20 minutes earlier —Never mind，I haven't been waiting that long.
A. arrived B. would have arrived
C. would arrive D. had arrived
27.（2019·天津红桥·二模）----What happened to the young trees we planted last week？
---The trees_____________ well，but I didn't water them.
A. might grow B. needn't have grown
C. would grow D. would have grown
28.（2019·天津南开·二模）Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he ______________ over to help us.
A. might have come B. would come
C. had come D. were to come
29.（2019·天津河北·二模）Oh! The flower can’t be saved. If the flower had been watered，it now.
A. wouldn’t be dying B. is dead
C. had been dead D. will not die
30.（20-21高二上·山西阳泉·期末）Tom had his hands full yesterday, otherwise he ______ your graduation ceremony.
A. will attend B. had been attended
C. would attend D. would have attended
31.（2019·天津河西·二模）I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I ________ the task on schedule.
A. would accomplish B. could accomplish
C. must have accomplished D. might have accomplished
32.（22-23高三上·天津武清·期中）It’s a pity that such a talent as Jerry ______ leave his favourite work in that company.
A. need B. could C. should D. may
33.（2019·天津红桥·二模）—Shall the bike be repaired by him today
—No, I’d rather he ______ it repaired tomorrow.
A. had B. has C. have D. would have
34.（2019·天津和平·一模）The suggestion came from the chairman ______ the new rule ______.
A. what; was developed B. that; was developed
C. what; be developed D. that; be developed
35.（2019·天津河东·二模）—This is the first time I ________ my picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A. have taken; took B. took; should take
C. took; will take D. will take; have taken
36.（2020高三·全国·专题练习）It is recommended by the representatives that traditional cultures ______.
A. should preserve B. have been preserved
C. be preserved D. must be preserved
37.（24-25高三上·甘肃兰州·开学考试）We desire that our school ______ more activities like this, which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons.
A. organised B. organises C. organise D. is organising
38. （23-24高二上·天津·阶段练习）I expected to feel instantly different, as if I ________ the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
A. closed B. had closed C. close D. have closed
39.（23-24高二上·天津宁河·期末）Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, ________ the event had happened only yesterday.
A. even if B. only if C. now that D. as if
40.（23-24高二上·天津·期末）I was ill that day, otherwise I ________the sports meet.
A. must take part in B. must have taken part in
C. would take part in D. would have taken part in
答案解析
真题练习
1.（2023天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us.
A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止；B. daren’t不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。
2.（2021天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made B. should have made
C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldn't have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。
3.（2021天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A. need B. should C. could D. must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
4.（2017全国卷）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so they_______come up for air.
A. may B. can C. might D. must
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：鲸通过肺呼吸，就跟我们人类一样，所以它们必须浮上水面呼吸空气。A. may可以，也许；B. can可以（有能力），可能；C. might也许，语气较弱；D. must必须，一定。根据语境，鲸由于用肺呼吸，它一定要浮出水面，没有其它可能，故选D。
5.（2020全国卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
6.（2020天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
7.（2020天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。
8.（2018天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door
—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：---门怎么了 ---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t 不需要；D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。
9.（2019天津卷）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【详解】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，排除B、D项；这里表示应该，故选A。
10.（2019天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.
A. need have practised B. might practise
C. must have practised D. could practise
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。
11.（2017天津卷）Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated later.
A. should B. could C. might D. would
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们用了10天的时间来完成这个训练计划，如果不成功，以后还可以重复。结合后文“ it could be repeated later.”可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句用would (should, could, might) +动词原形，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用were）或用 should+动词原形或 were to+动词原形；且而虚拟条件句中，如有were、should或had，可将if省略，将were、should或had提前至句首构成倒装。故选A。
12.（2017全国卷）My brother lent me the money,_______I couldn't have afforded the trip.
A. Furthermore B. Otherwise
C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
【答案】B
【详解】本题考查副词辨析。句意：我哥借钱给我了，否则我不可能有能力支付这旅行的费用。A.furthermore还有；B.otherwise否则；C.moreover还有；D.nevertheless然而。根据句意可知，这里含有对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，用otherwise相当于“if my brother hadn't lent me the money（要是我哥没有借钱给我）”。故选B。
13.（2019全国卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
14.（2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
15.（2019天津卷）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A. would be B. might have been
C. would have been D. had been
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。根据句意及句中felt可知，此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，应使用过去完成时。故D选项正确。
16.（2018天津卷）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A. studied B. had studied
C. would study D. might have studied
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：Jane真希望她在大学时学的是外贸而不是文学。wish后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词。由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。故选B项。
【点睛】动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。
分析句子可知，由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。
17.（2018天津卷）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
18.（2017全国卷）_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气的省略。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。根据句意可知，表示与现在相反的虚拟语气，虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had +主语...，还原句子是：if it were not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty。故选B。
19.（2017天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise，相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
20.（2016天津卷）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I_________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。
名校模拟练习
1.（25-26高三上·天津·阶段练习）According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one ________ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.
A. can B. shall C. need D. would
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：根据新发布的网络视频服务规定，任何人不得利用此类技术生成、发布或传播虚假新闻或信息。根据语意可知，此处指“regulation (规定)”中的禁止性条款，情态动词“shall”用于第二、第三人称陈述句时，可表法律、规定中的“命令、禁止或义务”，符合“规定禁止任何人做某事”的正式语境；“can”表示能力或可能性，“need”表示需要，“would”表示过去的意愿或习惯，均与语境不符。故选B项。
2.（25-26高三上·天津北辰·阶段练习）—Can I pay the bill by Alipay
—Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ________ be made by credit card.
A. must B. need C. will D. shall
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——我可以用支付宝付款吗？——对不起，先生。但是我们酒店的管理规定是用信用卡付款。A. must必须；B. need需要；C. will将要；D. shall应该（表规定）。由the management rules of our hotel可知，句子表示“我们酒店的管理规定是用信用卡付款”，空格处用shall表示规定。故选D。
3.（25-26高三上·天津红桥·阶段练习）-Someone is knocking at the door. Is it William
-It________be William. He has gone to France for his holiday.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：-有人在敲门。是威廉吗？-不可能是威廉。他到法国度假去了。A. mustn’t禁止；B. needn’t不必；C. can’t不能；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据后文“He has gone to France for his holiday.”可知，此处表示强烈的否定推测，用can’t。故选C项。
4.（25-26高三上·天津·阶段练习）— That woman has been taking care of the two white tigers for 8 years.
— Oh, dear! She _________a lot of difficulties!
A. could go through B. might go through
C. should have gone through D. must have gone through
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：—— 那位女士已经照顾这两只白虎8年了。—— 哦，天哪！她一定经历了很多困难！“must + have done”表示对过去发生事情的非常肯定的推测，符合“照顾白虎8年，必然会经历很多困难”的语境。故选D项。
5.（25-26高三上·天津津南·阶段练习）I was really anxious about you. You ________ have left home without a word.
A. must B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我真的很担心你。你不应该不辞而别。A. must (have done)表示过去一定做了某事；B. shouldn’t (have done)过去本不应该做某事（但实际做了）； C. mustn’t一般接动词原形，不接have done； D. should (have done)过去本应该做某事（但实际没做）。根据前半句“I was really anxious about you.”可知，应是我真的很担心你，你本不应该不辞而别，故选B。
6. （25-26高三上·天津南开·开学考试）According to the traffic regulations, all the vehicles on the streets________ come to a full stop on seeing the red lights and put way to those walking by.
A. will B. shall C. can D. may
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：根据交通法规，街上所有车辆在看到红灯时必须完全停车，并为过路行人让行。A. will表示主观意愿或未来动作，无强制含义。B. shall在法规条文中表示强制性义务，意为“必须”。C. can表示能力或可能性。D. may表示许可或推测。交通法规条文要求使用shall表达法律强制性义务，排除表意愿（will）、能力（can）或许可（may）的选项。故选B。
7.（25-26高三上·天津武清·开学考试）The cake ________ have been carefully baked for hours based on its delicious taste.
A. must B. would C. need D. should
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：根据蛋糕的美味，可以推断出它一定是精心烘焙了好几个小时。A. must (have been carefully baked)一定（是被精心烘焙了）；B. would (have been carefully baked)本来会（被精心烘焙的）；C. need (have been carefully baked)本需要（被精心烘焙的）；D. should (have been carefully baked)本应该（被精心烘焙的）。结合“based on its delicious taste”可知，空格处应表达对过去情况的肯定推测，表示“一定是被精心烘焙了”，故用must have been carefully baked。故选A。
8.（2025·天津武清·模拟预测）—I performed in the closing ceremony of English Festival held in our school yesterday.
—Really It ________ the highlight of your senior high.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：——我昨天在我校举行的英语节闭幕式上表演了。 ——真的 那一定是你高中最精彩的时刻了。情态动词用法must have done表示对过去情况的肯定的有把握的推测，符合句意，根据昨天优秀表现推测当时肯定是高中生活的高光时刻。故选B项。
9.（24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）— My computer ________ start, no matter how hard I try.
— It might have crashed. You need to have it examined.
A. won’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——无论我怎么努力，我的电脑就是启动不了。——它可能死机了。你需要让专业人员检查一下。A. won’t不会；B. mustn’t禁止；C. can’t不能；D. needn’t不必。won’t用于描述机器、物体等“不肯（正常工作）”，符合“电脑无论怎么尝试都启动不了”的语境。故选A项。
10.（2025·天津·模拟预测）The athletes competed so flawlessly in the gymnastics final. They ______ intensively for months before the event.
A. must have practiced B. should practice C. might practice D. could have practiced
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：运动员们在体操决赛中表现得如此完美。他们一定在赛前进行了数月的高强度训练。此处为“情态动词+have done”结构，表对过去动作的推测，结合上文的“The athletes competed so flawlessly in the gymnastics final.”可知，运动员们在决赛时表现完美，由此可知，此处表示他们过去“一定有过集中训练”，符合语境。故选A项。
11.（2025·天津·二模）—I didn’t see her yesterday.
—Of course, you _________ , because she had gone on a trip.
A. couldn’t B. may not have C. can’t have D. mustn’t have
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——我昨天没见到她。——当然，你不可能见到她，因为她已经去旅行了。根据答句后半句“because she had gone on a trip”可知，对话讨论的是过去的事件（昨天没见到她），因此需用“情态动词+完成时”结构，A. couldn’t是过去式，后接动词原形，但此处需表示对过去动作的否定推测，应为“couldn’t have done”； B. may not have表示对过去动作的不确定推测（可能没做），但答句用“Of course”表明语气肯定，而非不确定；C. can’t have是对过去动作的否定推断（“不可能做过”），语气强烈且肯定，符合语境。D. mustn’t have通常表示“禁止”，而非推测。故选C。
12.（2025·天津·三模）He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. would C. could D. must
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他一定已经完成了工作；否则，他不会在海边玩得很开心。根据分号后的内容otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.可知，此处表示对过去事情的肯定推测，应用must have done。故填must。
13.（2025·天津·模拟预测）— Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.
— Luckily for her. She ______ sick or even died.
A. could have got B. should have got C. must have got D. will have got
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法辨析。句意：——彭妮的小女儿险些喝了咖啡桌上的家具上光剂。——她真幸运。她本可能生病甚至死亡。A. could have got本可能做某事(实际未发生)；B. should have got本应该做某事(实际未做)；C. must have got一定做了某事(对过去事情的肯定推测)；D. will have got是将来完成时，表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作。根据“narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish”以及“Luckily for her”可知，小女儿幸运地没喝到家具上光剂，否则就可能生病甚至死亡，这里是说一种本可能发生的情况。所以用could have got符合语境。故选A项。
14.（2025·天津·二模）In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve, all of our family members ________ be together, sitting around the table and enjoying the food.
A. shall B. would C. must D. might
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：在我小时候，除夕夜，我们所有的家庭成员都会聚在一起，围坐在桌子旁，享受食物。A. shall将要，将会；B. would过去常常；C. must必须；D. might可能。由In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve可知，空格处用would表示“过去常常”。故选B。
15.（2025·天津河西·三模）— How about the meals during your exchange visit
— Well, it ________ worse.
A. couldn't have been B. shouldn't have been
C. mustn't have been D. needn't have been
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法。 句意：——你交换访问期间的伙食怎么样？——嗯，太糟糕了。A. couldn’t have been不可能更，表示对过去的否定推测； B. shouldn’t have been本不该，表示过去不该做但做了； C. mustn’t have been不用于否定推测，must的否定推测用can’t/couldn’t； D. needn’t have been本不必…，表示过去不必做但做了。根据句意以及“during your exchange visit”可知，此处表达的是对过去情况的否定推测。故选A。
16.（2025·天津和平·三模）I wonder why you ______ turn to Tom for help all the time when you can complete your tasks by yourself.
A. should B. could C. may D. would
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我想知道你明明可以自己完成任务，为什么总是要向汤姆求助。A. should应该；B. could能够；C. may可能；D. would总是，老是。由“all the time”可知，句子强调“总是向汤姆求助”这一习惯性行为，只有“would”符合语境，表示过去经常发生的动作。故选D项。
17.（2025·天津滨海新·三模）In my childhood, every year during the Lantern Festival, my grandparents ______ solve lantern riddles with me.
A. could B. should C. might D. would
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在我的童年，每年元宵节的时候，我的祖父母都会和我一起猜灯谜。A. could能够；B. should应该；C. might可能；D. would总是，会。根据时间状语“In my childhood”可知，此处描述过去经常发生的习惯性行为，应用情态动词would，表示“过去常常”。故选D项。
18.（24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）—You ______ have finished the report already; it’s only been an hour.
—Believe it or not, I made it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你不可能已经完成报告了；这才过了一个小时。——信不信由你，我做到了。A. mustn’t禁止，不准； B. can’t不可能，表否定推测； C. shouldn’t不应该，表建议或责备； D. needn’t不必，表没有必要。 根据“it’s only been an hour”可知，空格处需填入表“否定推测”的情态动词，强调“不可能完成”。can’t是唯一符合语境的选项（对过去情况的否定推测）。故选B项。
19.（24-25高三下·天津武清·阶段练习）When I was a little boy, on the eve of Spring Festival, all the family members ________ sit around the table, enjoying the food and being together again.
A. should B. could C. would D. might
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，在春节前夕，所有的家庭成员都会围坐在桌子旁，享受美食并再次团聚。A. should应该（表示义务或责任）；B. could能够（表示能力或过去的许可）；C. would会（表示过去的习惯性动作或倾向）；D. might可能（表示推测或委婉请求）。根据上文“When I was a little boy, on the eve of Spring Festival(当我还是个小男孩的时候，在春节前夕)”可知，句子描述的是过去春节前夕家人“习惯性围坐团聚”的动作，属于过去反复发生的动作。故选C项。
20.（2025·天津河北·二模）When drafting essays, you ______ pay too much attention to logical flow — unclear connections confuse readers.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：在起草文章时，你再怎么注重逻辑连贯性也不为过——不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑。A. mustn’t禁止；B. needn’t不必；C. can’t不能，与too much连用表示“再……也不为过”；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据下文“unclear connections confuse readers(不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑)”可知，因为不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑，所以在起草文章时，非常有必要注重逻辑连贯性，用can’t...too much来表示这种强烈的必要性，故选C项。
21.（2025·天津和平·三模）He suggested that the problems ______ attached special attention to.
A. referred to be B. refer to being C. referred to being D. referring to be
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：他建议对所提到的问题给予特别注意。suggest表示 “建议”时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，其中should可以省略。referred to是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词the problems，表示“被提到的问题”。故选A。
22.（24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）— How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood
— Next to nothing. How I wish I ______ harder at English.
A. have worked B. had worked C. would work D. would have worked
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：“——你听懂了那位外国专家演讲的多少内容？——几乎没听懂。我多么希望我以前英语学习更努力些啊！”动词wish后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，这里表达的是对过去没有努力学英语这件事的一种遗憾和愿望，即与过去事实相反，所以从句要用过去完成时“had worked”。故选B项。
23.（2025高二上·全国·专题练习）In this country, it is required that anyone who wants to settle here ______ pass this kind of test.
A. has to B. had to C. have to D. will have to
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个国家，任何想在这里定居的人都必须通过这种考试。在“It is required that...”这个句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为“should + 动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略，故选C。
24.（19-20高三上·天津静海·阶段练习）Mary often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through WeChat, as if they chatting in her living room.
A. were B. are C. had been D. has been
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽经常通过微信与朋友分享她最深的想法和恐惧，就像她们正在她的客厅里聊天一样。根据句意，“他们正在她的客厅聊天”是不可能发生的，要用虚拟语气，根据前面的shares可知这里是对现在的虚拟，as if从句中的谓语动词要用一般去过时，其中be动词只能用were，故选A项。
25.（2019·天津和平·二模）If Tom ______ one more votes, he could be the monitor of our class now.
A. received B. had received
C. should receive D. would receive
【答案】B
【详解】考查错综虚拟语气。句意：如果汤姆再得到一票，他现在就可以当我们班的班长了。主句与现在的事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为，If+主语+过去完成时+其他，故选B。
26. （2019·天津·一模）--Sorry for having kept you waiting. But for the traffic jam，I________________ 20 minutes earlier —Never mind，I haven't been waiting that long.
A. arrived B. would have arrived
C. would arrive D. had arrived
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——很抱歉让你久等了，要不是堵车，20分钟前我就到了。——没关系，我没等那么长时间。根据句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，用would +have done的形式，故B项正确。
27.（2019·天津红桥·二模）----What happened to the young trees we planted last week？
---The trees_____________ well，but I didn't water them.
A. might grow B. needn't have grown
C. would grow D. would have grown
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我们上周种的树苗，发生了什么事情？——树苗本来可以长得很好，但是我没有给它们浇水。与过去事实相反的假设，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
28.（2019·天津南开·二模）Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he ______________ over to help us.
A. might have come B. would come
C. had come D. were to come
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：史密斯先生那时正在开会，要不然他可能过来帮我们了。根据“Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time”可知，此处表示对过去事情的推测，表示“可能已经”，故A项正确。
29.（2019·天津河北·二模）Oh! The flower can’t be saved. If the flower had been watered，it now.
A. wouldn’t be dying B. is dead
C. had been dead D. will not die
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：哦！这盆花救不活了。如果花浇了水，它现在也不会快死了。本句为虚拟语气，根据now可知表示与现在事实相反，应用“主语+should/would/could/might + do”结构，且强调花目前的状态为“垂死的”，故用现在进行时结构，would后跟动词原形，故选A。
30.（20-21高二上·山西阳泉·期末）Tom had his hands full yesterday, otherwise he ______ your graduation ceremony.
A. will attend B. had been attended
C. would attend D. would have attended
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆昨天一天都很忙，否则他就去参加你的毕业典礼了。without, otherwise, but for 引导的短语或句子有时相当于一个虚拟条件句。假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，通过介词短语来表示。使用到这些词组的句子中，虚拟语气的用法一般是：对现在的虚拟：would+do；对过去的虚拟：would(not) + have done。根据句意，这句话是对昨天的情况的虚拟，故选D。
31.（2019·天津河西·二模）I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I ________ the task on schedule.
A. would accomplish B. could accomplish
C. must have accomplished D. might have accomplished
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉我没能赶上最后期限，要是有更好的设备，我可能已经按时完成任务了。根据“I failed to meet the deadline.”及“With better equipment”可知，此处表示对过去事情可能性较小的推测，表示“可能已经……”，故D项正确。
32.（22-23高三上·天津武清·期中）It’s a pity that such a talent as Jerry ______ leave his favourite work in that company.
A. need B. could C. should D. may
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：像杰瑞这样的人才竟然离开了他最喜欢的工作，真是太遗憾了。“It is a pity+that从句”意为“竟然；居然”时，表示出乎意料的事情，that后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”。故选C。
33.（2019·天津红桥·二模）—Shall the bike be repaired by him today
—No, I’d rather he ______ it repaired tomorrow.
A. had B. has C. have D. would have
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——今天他来修自行车吗 ——不，我宁愿他明天把它修好。would rather后接宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来的愿望 ，用一般过去时。故选A。
34.（2019·天津和平·一模）The suggestion came from the chairman ______ the new rule ______.
A. what; was developed B. that; was developed
C. what; be developed D. that; be developed
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：主席的建议是应该制定新的规则。分析句子可知，the new rule部分为suggestion的同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句谓语部分用should的虚拟语气，should可以省略，综述选D。
35.（2019·天津河东·二模）—This is the first time I ________ my picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A. have taken; took B. took; should take
C. took; will take D. will take; have taken
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：--这是我第一次自己拍照。--你是该给我照张相了。take a picture照相的意思，This is the first time…这一句型，其后一句使用现在完成时；It is time that句型是常用语虚拟语气，对现在的虚拟用一般过去式，故选A。
36.（2020高三·全国·专题练习）It is recommended by the representatives that traditional cultures ______.
A. should preserve B. have been preserved
C. be preserved D. must be preserved
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：代表们建议传统文化应该被保护。主句中的谓语动词是recommend，意为“建议”，其后that引导的从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词结构为“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略，结合语意，traditional cultures与preserve之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即(should) be preserved。故选C项。
37.（24-25高三上·甘肃兰州·开学考试）We desire that our school ______ more activities like this, which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons.
A. organised B. organises C. organise D. is organising
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们希望学校组织更多这样的活动，这不仅能缓解我们巨大的学习压力，还能开阔我们的视野。desire后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示“希望某人做某事”，结构为“desire that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形”，本空用动词organise“组织”的原形。故选C。
38. （23-24高二上·天津·阶段练习）I expected to feel instantly different, as if I ________ the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
A. closed B. had closed C. close D. have closed
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我期待着能立刻有不同的感觉，就好像我关上了童年的门，进入了一个全新的成人世界。本句为as if 的虚拟语气用法，表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语应用过去完成时，故选B。
39.（23-24高二上·天津宁河·期末）Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, ________ the event had happened only yesterday.
A. even if B. only if C. now that D. as if
【答案】D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：童年的记忆如此清晰地回到我身边，仿佛这件事才发生在昨天。A. even if 即使；B. only if只有；C. now that 既然；D. as if好像。分析句子可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“好像”应为as if引导的是方式状语从句。故选D项。
40.（23-24高二上·天津·期末）I was ill that day, otherwise I ________the sports meet.
A. must take part in B. must have taken part in
C. would take part in D. would have taken part in
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：那天我病了，否则我就参加运动会了。otherwise是含蓄虚拟条件句，根据时间提示词“that day”可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词要用would have done的形式。故答案为D。
真题练习
1.（2023天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us.
A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t
2.（2021天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made B. should have made
C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made
3.（2021天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A. need B. should C. could D. must
4.（2017全国卷）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so they_______come up for air.
A. may B. can C. might D. must
5.（2020全国卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
6.（2020天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
7.（2020天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
8.（2018天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door
—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
9.（2019天津卷）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
10.（2019天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.
A. need have practised B. might practise
C. must have practised D. could practise
11.（2017天津卷）Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated later.
A. should B. could C. might D. would
12.（2017全国卷）My brother lent me the money,_______I couldn't have afforded the trip.
A. Furthermore B. Otherwise
C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
13.（2019全国卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
14.（2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
15.（2019天津卷）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A. would be B. might have been
C. would have been D. had been
16.（2018天津卷）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A. studied B. had studied
C. would study D. might have studied
17.（2018天津卷）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
18.（2017全国卷）_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
19.（2017天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
20.（2016天津卷）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I_________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
名校模拟练习
1.（25-26高三上·天津·阶段练习）According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one ________ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.
A. can B. shall C. need D. would
2.（25-26高三上·天津北辰·阶段练习）—Can I pay the bill by Alipay
—Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ________ be made by credit card.
A. must B. need C. will D. shall
3.（25-26高三上·天津红桥·阶段练习）-Someone is knocking at the door. Is it William
-It________be William. He has gone to France for his holiday.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
4.（25-26高三上·天津·阶段练习）— That woman has been taking care of the two white tigers for 8 years.
— Oh, dear! She _________a lot of difficulties!
A. could go through B. might go through
C. should have gone through D. must have gone through
5.（25-26高三上·天津津南·阶段练习）I was really anxious about you. You ________ have left home without a word.
A. must B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. should
6. （25-26高三上·天津南开·开学考试）According to the traffic regulations, all the vehicles on the streets________ come to a full stop on seeing the red lights and put way to those walking by.
A. will B. shall C. can D. may
7.（25-26高三上·天津武清·开学考试）The cake ________ have been carefully baked for hours based on its delicious taste.
A. must B. would C. need D. should
8.（2025·天津武清·模拟预测）—I performed in the closing ceremony of English Festival held in our school yesterday.
—Really It ________ the highlight of your senior high.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
9.（24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）— My computer ________ start, no matter how hard I try.
— It might have crashed. You need to have it examined.
A. won’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
10.（2025·天津·模拟预测）The athletes competed so flawlessly in the gymnastics final. They ______ intensively for months before the event.
A. must have practiced B. should practice C. might practice D. could have practiced
11.（2025·天津·二模）—I didn’t see her yesterday.
—Of course, you _________ , because she had gone on a trip.
A. couldn’t B. may not have C. can’t have D. mustn’t have
12.（2025·天津·三模）He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. would C. could D. must
13.（2025·天津·模拟预测）— Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.
— Luckily for her. She ______ sick or even died.
A. could have got B. should have got C. must have got D. will have got
14.（2025·天津·二模）In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve, all of our family members ________ be together, sitting around the table and enjoying the food.
A. shall B. would C. must D. might
15.（2025·天津河西·三模）— How about the meals during your exchange visit
— Well, it ________ worse.
A. couldn't have been B. shouldn't have been
C. mustn't have been D. needn't have been
16.（2025·天津和平·三模）I wonder why you ______ turn to Tom for help all the time when you can complete your tasks by yourself.
A. should B. could C. may D. would
17.（2025·天津滨海新·三模）In my childhood, every year during the Lantern Festival, my grandparents ______ solve lantern riddles with me.
A. could B. should C. might D. would
18.（24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）—You ______ have finished the report already; it’s only been an hour.
—Believe it or not, I made it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
19.（24-25高三下·天津武清·阶段练习）When I was a little boy, on the eve of Spring Festival, all the family members ________ sit around the table, enjoying the food and being together again.
A. should B. could C. would D. might
20.（2025·天津河北·二模）When drafting essays, you ______ pay too much attention to logical flow — unclear connections confuse readers.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
21.（2025·天津和平·三模）He suggested that the problems ______ attached special attention to.
A. referred to be B. refer to being C. referred to being D. referring to be
22.（24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）— How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood
— Next to nothing. How I wish I ______ harder at English.
A. have worked B. had worked C. would work D. would have worked
23.（2025高二上·全国·专题练习）In this country, it is required that anyone who wants to settle here ______ pass this kind of test.
A. has to B. had to C. have to D. will have to
24.（19-20高三上·天津静海·阶段练习）Mary often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through WeChat, as if they chatting in her living room.
A. were B. are C. had been D. has been
25.（2019·天津和平·二模）If Tom ______ one more votes, he could be the monitor of our class now.
A. received B. had received
C. should receive D. would receive
26. （2019·天津·一模）--Sorry for having kept you waiting. But for the traffic jam，I________________ 20 minutes earlier —Never mind，I haven't been waiting that long.
A. arrived B. would have arrived
C. would arrive D. had arrived
27.（2019·天津红桥·二模）----What happened to the young trees we planted last week？
---The trees_____________ well，but I didn't water them.
A. might grow B. needn't have grown
C. would grow D. would have grown
28.（2019·天津南开·二模）Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he ______________ over to help us.
A. might have come B. would come
C. had come D. were to come
29.（2019·天津河北·二模）Oh! The flower can’t be saved. If the flower had been watered，it now.
A. wouldn’t be dying B. is dead
C. had been dead D. will not die
30.（20-21高二上·山西阳泉·期末）Tom had his hands full yesterday, otherwise he ______ your graduation ceremony.
A. will attend B. had been attended
C. would attend D. would have attended
31.（2019·天津河西·二模）I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I ________ the task on schedule.
A. would accomplish B. could accomplish
C. must have accomplished D. might have accomplished
32.（22-23高三上·天津武清·期中）It’s a pity that such a talent as Jerry ______ leave his favourite work in that company.
A. need B. could C. should D. may
33.（2019·天津红桥·二模）—Shall the bike be repaired by him today
—No, I’d rather he ______ it repaired tomorrow.
A. had B. has C. have D. would have
34.（2019·天津和平·一模）The suggestion came from the chairman ______ the new rule ______.
A. what; was developed B. that; was developed
C. what; be developed D. that; be developed
35.（2019·天津河东·二模）—This is the first time I ________ my picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A. have taken; took B. took; should take
C. took; will take D. will take; have taken
36.（2020高三·全国·专题练习）It is recommended by the representatives that traditional cultures ______.
A. should preserve B. have been preserved
C. be preserved D. must be preserved
37.（24-25高三上·甘肃兰州·开学考试）We desire that our school ______ more activities like this, which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons.
A. organised B. organises C. organise D. is organising
38. （23-24高二上·天津·阶段练习）I expected to feel instantly different, as if I ________ the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
A. closed B. had closed C. close D. have closed
39.（23-24高二上·天津宁河·期末）Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, ________ the event had happened only yesterday.
A. even if B. only if C. now that D. as if
40.（23-24高二上·天津·期末）I was ill that day, otherwise I ________the sports meet.
A. must take part in B. must have taken part in
C. would take part in D. would have taken part in
答案解析
真题练习
1.（2023天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us.
A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止；B. daren’t不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。
2.（2021天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made B. should have made
C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldn't have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。
3.（2021天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A. need B. should C. could D. must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
4.（2017全国卷）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so they_______come up for air.
A. may B. can C. might D. must
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：鲸通过肺呼吸，就跟我们人类一样，所以它们必须浮上水面呼吸空气。A. may可以，也许；B. can可以（有能力），可能；C. might也许，语气较弱；D. must必须，一定。根据语境，鲸由于用肺呼吸，它一定要浮出水面，没有其它可能，故选D。
5.（2020全国卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
6.（2020天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
7.（2020天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。
8.（2018天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door
—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：---门怎么了 ---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t 不需要；D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。
9.（2019天津卷）The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【详解】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，排除B、D项；这里表示应该，故选A。
10.（2019天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.
A. need have practised B. might practise
C. must have practised D. could practise
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。
11.（2017天津卷）Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated later.
A. should B. could C. might D. would
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们用了10天的时间来完成这个训练计划，如果不成功，以后还可以重复。结合后文“ it could be repeated later.”可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句用would (should, could, might) +动词原形，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用were）或用 should+动词原形或 were to+动词原形；且而虚拟条件句中，如有were、should或had，可将if省略，将were、should或had提前至句首构成倒装。故选A。
12.（2017全国卷）My brother lent me the money,_______I couldn't have afforded the trip.
A. Furthermore B. Otherwise
C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
【答案】B
【详解】本题考查副词辨析。句意：我哥借钱给我了，否则我不可能有能力支付这旅行的费用。A.furthermore还有；B.otherwise否则；C.moreover还有；D.nevertheless然而。根据句意可知，这里含有对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，用otherwise相当于“if my brother hadn't lent me the money（要是我哥没有借钱给我）”。故选B。
13.（2019全国卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
14.（2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
15.（2019天津卷）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A. would be B. might have been
C. would have been D. had been
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。根据句意及句中felt可知，此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，应使用过去完成时。故D选项正确。
16.（2018天津卷）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A. studied B. had studied
C. would study D. might have studied
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：Jane真希望她在大学时学的是外贸而不是文学。wish后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词。由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。故选B项。
【点睛】动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。
分析句子可知，由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。
17.（2018天津卷）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
18.（2017全国卷）_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气的省略。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。根据句意可知，表示与现在相反的虚拟语气，虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had +主语...，还原句子是：if it were not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty。故选B。
19.（2017天津卷）—Do you have Betty’s phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise，相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
20.（2016天津卷）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I_________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。
名校模拟练习
1.（25-26高三上·天津·阶段练习）According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one ________ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.
A. can B. shall C. need D. would
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：根据新发布的网络视频服务规定，任何人不得利用此类技术生成、发布或传播虚假新闻或信息。根据语意可知，此处指“regulation (规定)”中的禁止性条款，情态动词“shall”用于第二、第三人称陈述句时，可表法律、规定中的“命令、禁止或义务”，符合“规定禁止任何人做某事”的正式语境；“can”表示能力或可能性，“need”表示需要，“would”表示过去的意愿或习惯，均与语境不符。故选B项。
2.（25-26高三上·天津北辰·阶段练习）—Can I pay the bill by Alipay
—Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ________ be made by credit card.
A. must B. need C. will D. shall
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——我可以用支付宝付款吗？——对不起，先生。但是我们酒店的管理规定是用信用卡付款。A. must必须；B. need需要；C. will将要；D. shall应该（表规定）。由the management rules of our hotel可知，句子表示“我们酒店的管理规定是用信用卡付款”，空格处用shall表示规定。故选D。
3.（25-26高三上·天津红桥·阶段练习）-Someone is knocking at the door. Is it William
-It________be William. He has gone to France for his holiday.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：-有人在敲门。是威廉吗？-不可能是威廉。他到法国度假去了。A. mustn’t禁止；B. needn’t不必；C. can’t不能；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据后文“He has gone to France for his holiday.”可知，此处表示强烈的否定推测，用can’t。故选C项。
4.（25-26高三上·天津·阶段练习）— That woman has been taking care of the two white tigers for 8 years.
— Oh, dear! She _________a lot of difficulties!
A. could go through B. might go through
C. should have gone through D. must have gone through
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：—— 那位女士已经照顾这两只白虎8年了。—— 哦，天哪！她一定经历了很多困难！“must + have done”表示对过去发生事情的非常肯定的推测，符合“照顾白虎8年，必然会经历很多困难”的语境。故选D项。
5.（25-26高三上·天津津南·阶段练习）I was really anxious about you. You ________ have left home without a word.
A. must B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我真的很担心你。你不应该不辞而别。A. must (have done)表示过去一定做了某事；B. shouldn’t (have done)过去本不应该做某事（但实际做了）； C. mustn’t一般接动词原形，不接have done； D. should (have done)过去本应该做某事（但实际没做）。根据前半句“I was really anxious about you.”可知，应是我真的很担心你，你本不应该不辞而别，故选B。
6. （25-26高三上·天津南开·开学考试）According to the traffic regulations, all the vehicles on the streets________ come to a full stop on seeing the red lights and put way to those walking by.
A. will B. shall C. can D. may
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：根据交通法规，街上所有车辆在看到红灯时必须完全停车，并为过路行人让行。A. will表示主观意愿或未来动作，无强制含义。B. shall在法规条文中表示强制性义务，意为“必须”。C. can表示能力或可能性。D. may表示许可或推测。交通法规条文要求使用shall表达法律强制性义务，排除表意愿（will）、能力（can）或许可（may）的选项。故选B。
7.（25-26高三上·天津武清·开学考试）The cake ________ have been carefully baked for hours based on its delicious taste.
A. must B. would C. need D. should
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：根据蛋糕的美味，可以推断出它一定是精心烘焙了好几个小时。A. must (have been carefully baked)一定（是被精心烘焙了）；B. would (have been carefully baked)本来会（被精心烘焙的）；C. need (have been carefully baked)本需要（被精心烘焙的）；D. should (have been carefully baked)本应该（被精心烘焙的）。结合“based on its delicious taste”可知，空格处应表达对过去情况的肯定推测，表示“一定是被精心烘焙了”，故用must have been carefully baked。故选A。
8.（2025·天津武清·模拟预测）—I performed in the closing ceremony of English Festival held in our school yesterday.
—Really It ________ the highlight of your senior high.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：——我昨天在我校举行的英语节闭幕式上表演了。 ——真的 那一定是你高中最精彩的时刻了。情态动词用法must have done表示对过去情况的肯定的有把握的推测，符合句意，根据昨天优秀表现推测当时肯定是高中生活的高光时刻。故选B项。
9.（24-25高二下·天津和平·期末）— My computer ________ start, no matter how hard I try.
— It might have crashed. You need to have it examined.
A. won’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——无论我怎么努力，我的电脑就是启动不了。——它可能死机了。你需要让专业人员检查一下。A. won’t不会；B. mustn’t禁止；C. can’t不能；D. needn’t不必。won’t用于描述机器、物体等“不肯（正常工作）”，符合“电脑无论怎么尝试都启动不了”的语境。故选A项。
10.（2025·天津·模拟预测）The athletes competed so flawlessly in the gymnastics final. They ______ intensively for months before the event.
A. must have practiced B. should practice C. might practice D. could have practiced
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：运动员们在体操决赛中表现得如此完美。他们一定在赛前进行了数月的高强度训练。此处为“情态动词+have done”结构，表对过去动作的推测，结合上文的“The athletes competed so flawlessly in the gymnastics final.”可知，运动员们在决赛时表现完美，由此可知，此处表示他们过去“一定有过集中训练”，符合语境。故选A项。
11.（2025·天津·二模）—I didn’t see her yesterday.
—Of course, you _________ , because she had gone on a trip.
A. couldn’t B. may not have C. can’t have D. mustn’t have
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——我昨天没见到她。——当然，你不可能见到她，因为她已经去旅行了。根据答句后半句“because she had gone on a trip”可知，对话讨论的是过去的事件（昨天没见到她），因此需用“情态动词+完成时”结构，A. couldn’t是过去式，后接动词原形，但此处需表示对过去动作的否定推测，应为“couldn’t have done”； B. may not have表示对过去动作的不确定推测（可能没做），但答句用“Of course”表明语气肯定，而非不确定；C. can’t have是对过去动作的否定推断（“不可能做过”），语气强烈且肯定，符合语境。D. mustn’t have通常表示“禁止”，而非推测。故选C。
12.（2025·天津·三模）He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. would C. could D. must
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他一定已经完成了工作；否则，他不会在海边玩得很开心。根据分号后的内容otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.可知，此处表示对过去事情的肯定推测，应用must have done。故填must。
13.（2025·天津·模拟预测）— Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.
— Luckily for her. She ______ sick or even died.
A. could have got B. should have got C. must have got D. will have got
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法辨析。句意：——彭妮的小女儿险些喝了咖啡桌上的家具上光剂。——她真幸运。她本可能生病甚至死亡。A. could have got本可能做某事(实际未发生)；B. should have got本应该做某事(实际未做)；C. must have got一定做了某事(对过去事情的肯定推测)；D. will have got是将来完成时，表示将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作。根据“narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish”以及“Luckily for her”可知，小女儿幸运地没喝到家具上光剂，否则就可能生病甚至死亡，这里是说一种本可能发生的情况。所以用could have got符合语境。故选A项。
14.（2025·天津·二模）In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve, all of our family members ________ be together, sitting around the table and enjoying the food.
A. shall B. would C. must D. might
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：在我小时候，除夕夜，我们所有的家庭成员都会聚在一起，围坐在桌子旁，享受食物。A. shall将要，将会；B. would过去常常；C. must必须；D. might可能。由In my childhood, on New Year’s Eve可知，空格处用would表示“过去常常”。故选B。
15.（2025·天津河西·三模）— How about the meals during your exchange visit
— Well, it ________ worse.
A. couldn't have been B. shouldn't have been
C. mustn't have been D. needn't have been
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词+have done的用法。 句意：——你交换访问期间的伙食怎么样？——嗯，太糟糕了。A. couldn’t have been不可能更，表示对过去的否定推测； B. shouldn’t have been本不该，表示过去不该做但做了； C. mustn’t have been不用于否定推测，must的否定推测用can’t/couldn’t； D. needn’t have been本不必…，表示过去不必做但做了。根据句意以及“during your exchange visit”可知，此处表达的是对过去情况的否定推测。故选A。
16.（2025·天津和平·三模）I wonder why you ______ turn to Tom for help all the time when you can complete your tasks by yourself.
A. should B. could C. may D. would
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我想知道你明明可以自己完成任务，为什么总是要向汤姆求助。A. should应该；B. could能够；C. may可能；D. would总是，老是。由“all the time”可知，句子强调“总是向汤姆求助”这一习惯性行为，只有“would”符合语境，表示过去经常发生的动作。故选D项。
17.（2025·天津滨海新·三模）In my childhood, every year during the Lantern Festival, my grandparents ______ solve lantern riddles with me.
A. could B. should C. might D. would
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在我的童年，每年元宵节的时候，我的祖父母都会和我一起猜灯谜。A. could能够；B. should应该；C. might可能；D. would总是，会。根据时间状语“In my childhood”可知，此处描述过去经常发生的习惯性行为，应用情态动词would，表示“过去常常”。故选D项。
18.（24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）—You ______ have finished the report already; it’s only been an hour.
—Believe it or not, I made it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你不可能已经完成报告了；这才过了一个小时。——信不信由你，我做到了。A. mustn’t禁止，不准； B. can’t不可能，表否定推测； C. shouldn’t不应该，表建议或责备； D. needn’t不必，表没有必要。 根据“it’s only been an hour”可知，空格处需填入表“否定推测”的情态动词，强调“不可能完成”。can’t是唯一符合语境的选项（对过去情况的否定推测）。故选B项。
19.（24-25高三下·天津武清·阶段练习）When I was a little boy, on the eve of Spring Festival, all the family members ________ sit around the table, enjoying the food and being together again.
A. should B. could C. would D. might
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，在春节前夕，所有的家庭成员都会围坐在桌子旁，享受美食并再次团聚。A. should应该（表示义务或责任）；B. could能够（表示能力或过去的许可）；C. would会（表示过去的习惯性动作或倾向）；D. might可能（表示推测或委婉请求）。根据上文“When I was a little boy, on the eve of Spring Festival(当我还是个小男孩的时候，在春节前夕)”可知，句子描述的是过去春节前夕家人“习惯性围坐团聚”的动作，属于过去反复发生的动作。故选C项。
20.（2025·天津河北·二模）When drafting essays, you ______ pay too much attention to logical flow — unclear connections confuse readers.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：在起草文章时，你再怎么注重逻辑连贯性也不为过——不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑。A. mustn’t禁止；B. needn’t不必；C. can’t不能，与too much连用表示“再……也不为过”；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据下文“unclear connections confuse readers(不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑)”可知，因为不清晰的衔接会使读者困惑，所以在起草文章时，非常有必要注重逻辑连贯性，用can’t...too much来表示这种强烈的必要性，故选C项。
21.（2025·天津和平·三模）He suggested that the problems ______ attached special attention to.
A. referred to be B. refer to being C. referred to being D. referring to be
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：他建议对所提到的问题给予特别注意。suggest表示 “建议”时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，其中should可以省略。referred to是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词the problems，表示“被提到的问题”。故选A。
22.（24-25高三下·天津·阶段练习）— How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood
— Next to nothing. How I wish I ______ harder at English.
A. have worked B. had worked C. would work D. would have worked
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：“——你听懂了那位外国专家演讲的多少内容？——几乎没听懂。我多么希望我以前英语学习更努力些啊！”动词wish后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，这里表达的是对过去没有努力学英语这件事的一种遗憾和愿望，即与过去事实相反，所以从句要用过去完成时“had worked”。故选B项。
23.（2025高二上·全国·专题练习）In this country, it is required that anyone who wants to settle here ______ pass this kind of test.
A. has to B. had to C. have to D. will have to
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个国家，任何想在这里定居的人都必须通过这种考试。在“It is required that...”这个句型中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为“should + 动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略，故选C。
24.（19-20高三上·天津静海·阶段练习）Mary often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through WeChat, as if they chatting in her living room.
A. were B. are C. had been D. has been
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽经常通过微信与朋友分享她最深的想法和恐惧，就像她们正在她的客厅里聊天一样。根据句意，“他们正在她的客厅聊天”是不可能发生的，要用虚拟语气，根据前面的shares可知这里是对现在的虚拟，as if从句中的谓语动词要用一般去过时，其中be动词只能用were，故选A项。
25.（2019·天津和平·二模）If Tom ______ one more votes, he could be the monitor of our class now.
A. received B. had received
C. should receive D. would receive
【答案】B
【详解】考查错综虚拟语气。句意：如果汤姆再得到一票，他现在就可以当我们班的班长了。主句与现在的事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为，If+主语+过去完成时+其他，故选B。
26. （2019·天津·一模）--Sorry for having kept you waiting. But for the traffic jam，I________________ 20 minutes earlier —Never mind，I haven't been waiting that long.
A. arrived B. would have arrived
C. would arrive D. had arrived
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——很抱歉让你久等了，要不是堵车，20分钟前我就到了。——没关系，我没等那么长时间。根据句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，用would +have done的形式，故B项正确。
27.（2019·天津红桥·二模）----What happened to the young trees we planted last week？
---The trees_____________ well，but I didn't water them.
A. might grow B. needn't have grown
C. would grow D. would have grown
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我们上周种的树苗，发生了什么事情？——树苗本来可以长得很好，但是我没有给它们浇水。与过去事实相反的假设，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
28.（2019·天津南开·二模）Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he ______________ over to help us.
A. might have come B. would come
C. had come D. were to come
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：史密斯先生那时正在开会，要不然他可能过来帮我们了。根据“Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time”可知，此处表示对过去事情的推测，表示“可能已经”，故A项正确。
29.（2019·天津河北·二模）Oh! The flower can’t be saved. If the flower had been watered，it now.
A. wouldn’t be dying B. is dead
C. had been dead D. will not die
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：哦！这盆花救不活了。如果花浇了水，它现在也不会快死了。本句为虚拟语气，根据now可知表示与现在事实相反，应用“主语+should/would/could/might + do”结构，且强调花目前的状态为“垂死的”，故用现在进行时结构，would后跟动词原形，故选A。
30.（20-21高二上·山西阳泉·期末）Tom had his hands full yesterday, otherwise he ______ your graduation ceremony.
A. will attend B. had been attended
C. would attend D. would have attended
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆昨天一天都很忙，否则他就去参加你的毕业典礼了。without, otherwise, but for 引导的短语或句子有时相当于一个虚拟条件句。假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，通过介词短语来表示。使用到这些词组的句子中，虚拟语气的用法一般是：对现在的虚拟：would+do；对过去的虚拟：would(not) + have done。根据句意，这句话是对昨天的情况的虚拟，故选D。
31.（2019·天津河西·二模）I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I ________ the task on schedule.
A. would accomplish B. could accomplish
C. must have accomplished D. might have accomplished
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉我没能赶上最后期限，要是有更好的设备，我可能已经按时完成任务了。根据“I failed to meet the deadline.”及“With better equipment”可知，此处表示对过去事情可能性较小的推测，表示“可能已经……”，故D项正确。
32.（22-23高三上·天津武清·期中）It’s a pity that such a talent as Jerry ______ leave his favourite work in that company.
A. need B. could C. should D. may
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：像杰瑞这样的人才竟然离开了他最喜欢的工作，真是太遗憾了。“It is a pity+that从句”意为“竟然；居然”时，表示出乎意料的事情，that后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”。故选C。
33.（2019·天津红桥·二模）—Shall the bike be repaired by him today
—No, I’d rather he ______ it repaired tomorrow.
A. had B. has C. have D. would have
【答案】A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——今天他来修自行车吗 ——不，我宁愿他明天把它修好。would rather后接宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来的愿望 ，用一般过去时。故选A。
34.（2019·天津和平·一模）The suggestion came from the chairman ______ the new rule ______.
A. what; was developed B. that; was developed
C. what; be developed D. that; be developed
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：主席的建议是应该制定新的规则。分析句子可知，the new rule部分为suggestion的同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句谓语部分用should的虚拟语气，should可以省略，综述选D。
35.（2019·天津河东·二模）—This is the first time I ________ my picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A. have taken; took B. took; should take
C. took; will take D. will take; have taken
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：--这是我第一次自己拍照。--你是该给我照张相了。take a picture照相的意思，This is the first time…这一句型，其后一句使用现在完成时；It is time that句型是常用语虚拟语气，对现在的虚拟用一般过去式，故选A。
36.（2020高三·全国·专题练习）It is recommended by the representatives that traditional cultures ______.
A. should preserve B. have been preserved
C. be preserved D. must be preserved
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：代表们建议传统文化应该被保护。主句中的谓语动词是recommend，意为“建议”，其后that引导的从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词结构为“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略，结合语意，traditional cultures与preserve之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即(should) be preserved。故选C项。
37.（24-25高三上·甘肃兰州·开学考试）We desire that our school ______ more activities like this, which can not only relieve our great study pressure but also broaden our horizons.
A. organised B. organises C. organise D. is organising
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们希望学校组织更多这样的活动，这不仅能缓解我们巨大的学习压力，还能开阔我们的视野。desire后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示“希望某人做某事”，结构为“desire that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形”，本空用动词organise“组织”的原形。故选C。
38. （23-24高二上·天津·阶段练习）I expected to feel instantly different, as if I ________ the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
A. closed B. had closed C. close D. have closed
【答案】B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我期待着能立刻有不同的感觉，就好像我关上了童年的门，进入了一个全新的成人世界。本句为as if 的虚拟语气用法，表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语应用过去完成时，故选B。
39.（23-24高二上·天津宁河·期末）Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, ________ the event had happened only yesterday.
A. even if B. only if C. now that D. as if
【答案】D
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：童年的记忆如此清晰地回到我身边，仿佛这件事才发生在昨天。A. even if 即使；B. only if只有；C. now that 既然；D. as if好像。分析句子可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“好像”应为as if引导的是方式状语从句。故选D项。
40.（23-24高二上·天津·期末）I was ill that day, otherwise I ________the sports meet.
A. must take part in B. must have taken part in
C. would take part in D. would have taken part in
【答案】D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：那天我病了，否则我就参加运动会了。otherwise是含蓄虚拟条件句，根据时间提示词“that day”可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词要用would have done的形式。故答案为D。