浙江省杭州市西湖区西湖高中2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷
一、A
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Volunteer Opportunities in Your CityIf you're looking for ways to give back to your community, here are some volunteer opportunities available in your area this month.
Food Bank Helper
Local food banks are in urgent need of volunteers to help sort and distribute food to families in need. This role includes organizing food items, packing boxes, and handing out the packages to recipients. Volunteers are required from Monday to Friday, 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM at the Community Care Center
Location: 45 Maple Street
Contact: 123-456-7890
Animal Shelter Assistant
Are you an animal lover The city animal shelter is seeking volunteers to assist with daily care for the animals, including feeding, cleaning, and exercising dogs and cats. No experience is required, but volunteers must be at least 16 years old. Shifts are flexible
Location: 78 Riverbank Road
Contact: 987-654-3210
Senior Center Activity Leader
Brighten the day of local seniors by running activities like bingo, art projects, or music sessions at the Senior Center. Volunteers will need to prepare simple materials and guide small groups of seniors during activities. This is a rewarding way to connect with the elderly and gain valuable community service experience.
Location: 123 Sunflower Lane
Contact: 555-112-2334
Park Clean-up Crew
Help keep our parks beautiful! Volunteers will clean up trash, plant trees, and perform simple maintenance tasks in various parks around the city. Anyone can join the weekend clean-up events. All equipment will be provided.
Location: Sign up at www.cleanparks.org
Contact: 777-333-8888
Looking to get involved Contact the organizations above for more details or to sign up for a role that fits your schedule and interests. Make a difference in your community today!
1．What can you infer about the Food Bank Helper role
A．It is only available on weekends
B．Volunteers must have related experience.
C．Volunteers need to sign up online only.
D．The role involves sorting and distributing food items
2．Where can you volunteer if you are interested in animal care
A．Community Care Center. B．78 Riverbank Road.
C．Senior Center. D．Various parks.
3．What do these four volunteer opportunities have in common
A．They require prior experience.
B．They offer flexible timings for volunteers.
C．They aim to improve the local community.
D．They are specifically for people under 18 years old.
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了本月所在城市提供的四项志愿者活动机会，包括食物银行助手、动物收容所助理、老年中心活动带领者及公园清洁团队，鼓励读者根据自身时间和兴趣联系相关机构报名参与，以回馈社区、贡献力量。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．推理判断题。根据Food Bank Helper部分中"Local food banks are in urgent need of volunteers to help sort and distribute food to families in need."当地食品银行急需志愿者，帮助有需要的家庭分类和分发食物。可知，该职位涉及对食品进行分类和分发。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Animal Shelter Assistant部分中的"Location: 78 Riverbank Road"可知，如果你对动物护理感兴趣，你可以在78 Riverbank Road做志愿者。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段"If you're looking for ways to give back to your community, here are some volunteer opportunities available in your area this month."如果你正在寻找回馈社区的方法，本月你所在地区有一些志愿者机会。可知，所有志愿活动均围绕服务社区展开（如帮助贫困家庭、照顾动物、关爱老人、美化公园），他们的目标是改善当地社区。故选C。
二、B
（2025高二上·杭州期末）There are so many things to keep in order with young children during weekdays. It's all too easy to end up forgetting they need their PE kit on a particular day, or to realize they have no clean school uniforms or you've missed an email about a school trip.
So one admirably organized mom, Rachael Hallett, from Australia, has shared her simple but highly effective solution to having to prepare their lunchboxes. Her tip recommends mass cooking, just like you might do with dinners. "School lunches can get boring," she admits. "You can cook a lot and freeze many items in advance. Sandwiches, sausage rolls, wraps and so on. These all freeze well." But she points out that any fillings that are water-based, like cucumber or tomato, should be avoided in case the bread or wraps become wet.
And Rachael, who has two primary school age children, doesn't stop there with the preparation. She also makes the decisions easily over what to give her children daily by drawing up a list of different foods to put in the boxes. She prefers lunchboxes with different parts that won't leak and each section is used for various items such as fruit or snacks. The wise mom sometimes even sends her kids into school with a food thermos for warm lunches. "You can really send almost anything," she shares.
But even Rachael has days when she just doesn't have the time or energy to make a meal for her little ones and she says on these occasions school dinners are definitely a suitable alternative. "Plan some money for a lunch order on your hardest weekdays. Usually school dinners aren't too expensive and taste good," she says.
Rachael is a co-founder of the hugely popular Facebook group Moms Who, which has over a million members. Lots of other members of the group thanked Rachael for sharing her tips which they intended to put to use in their routines.
4．What are parents' weekdays like according to the first paragraph
A．Challenging. B．Boring. C．Amazing. D．Meaningful.
5．What does Rachael suggest on mass cooking
A．Avoiding sandwiches. B．Preparing food with juice.
C．Choosing food that freezes well. D．Cooking one item at a time.
6．Why does Rachael probably prefer lunchboxes with different parts
A．It is easy for her children to carry.
B．It is convenient to put different foods in.
C．The lunchboxes look more beautiful.
D．The lunchboxes are popular with children.
7．What is the purpose of the Facebook group Moms Who
A．To offer various recipes for cooking school dinners at home
B．To help moms find affordable lunchbox options for their kids
C．To allow moms in Australia to discuss school-related topics.
D．To provide a platform for moms to share the tips on their kids' lunch.
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．B
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚一位有条理的母亲Rachael Hallett分享了她高效准备孩子午餐盒的方法，包括提前批量烹饪可冷冻的食物、制定食物清单、使用分隔不漏的餐盒，甚至用保温罐带热食；同时她也建议在忙碌时选择学校餐作为替代方案。她的经验在拥有百万成员的妈妈社群中广受好评并被争相效仿。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段"There are so many things to keep in order with young children during weekdays. It's all too easy to end up forgetting they need their PE kit on a particular day, or to realize they have no clean school uniforms or you've missed an email about a school trip."在工作日里，有很多事情要和年幼的孩子们一起打理。很容易忘记他们在某一天需要他们的体育用品，或者意识到他们没有干净的校服，或者你错过了一封关于学校旅行的邮件。可知，父母在工作日需要处理许多事情，容易忘记一些重要事项，因此工作日是具有挑战性的。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"You can cook a lot and freeze many items in advance. Sandwiches, sausage rolls, wraps and so on. These all freeze well."你可以提前烹饪和冷冻很多食物。三明治、香肠卷、面包卷等等。这些都很好冻。可知，Rachael建议选择可以冷冻保存的食物。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"She prefers lunchboxes with different parts that won't leak and each section is used for various items such as fruit or snacks."她更喜欢有不同部分的午餐盒，这些部分不会漏出，每个部分都可以用来装各种东西，比如水果或零食。可知，Rachael喜欢分格饭盒是因为可以方便地放入不同种类的食物。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Lots of other members of the group thanked Rachael for sharing her tips which they intended to put to use in their routines."小组的许多其他成员都感谢Rachael分享她的建议，他们打算把这些建议应用到自己的日常生活中。可知，该Facebook群的目的是为妈妈们提供一个分享孩子午餐技巧的平台。故选D。
三、C
（2025高二上·杭州期末） Cortisol, widely recognized as the "stress hormone (激素)", plays a key role in managing stress. The recent discussions in TikTok suggest a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problem. "The relationship between cortisol and body symptoms is not straightforward." Experts like Martin Picard from Columbia University emphasizes.
Our bodies release cortisol when we encounter a challenge, whether psychological or physical, real or imagined. Things like coming across a bear on a hike, receiving an annoying work email or delivering a public speech are the typical cases. Cortisol aids in energy supply and metabolism (新陈代谢) control. Its levels vary, peaking in the morning and reducing by night.
However, long-term stress can disturb this balance, leading to sustained high cortisol levels. Potential disadvantages are weakened immune (免疫的) system and high blood sugar, as well as mental illnesses like depression and PTSD. In extreme cases, too much cortisol production may lead to Cushing's syndrome, characterized by serious physical changes and requiring medical treatment.
Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol's dynamic nature. Experts suggest consulting healthcare professionals for a thorough check. While there's no one-size-fits-all solution for managing cortisol levels, research indicates that practices such as yoga, mindfulness, and moderate exercise can aid in regulating the body's stress response. These activities not only help in reducing stress but also in training the body to manage its stress response more effectively over time.
In conclusion, cortisol plays a key role in how our body handles stress and functions overall. However, saying that many health problems are just due to cortisol imbalances misses the complex interaction between hormones, stress and health. It's important to take aholistic approach to health, with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies.
8．What can we learn about cortisol
A．It can directly cause sleep disorder
B．It won't influence physical health at all.
C．It has nothing to do with stomach upset.
D．It is often misunderstood on social media.
9．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Exercise guarantees cortisol decrease.
B．Home testing of cortisol is not available.
C．Multiple tests may be required to measure cortisol.
D．Experts dismiss home activities in stress management.
10．What does the underlined word "holistic" mean in the last paragraph
A．Medical. B．Physical. C．Immediate. D．Integrated.
11．Where is this text most likely from
A．An education guide. B．A health magazine.
C．A book review. D．A scientific paper.
【答案】8．D
9．C
10．D
11．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，皮质醇作为"压力激素"在调节人体应对压力和整体功能中起关键作用，但将多种健康问题简单归因于皮质醇失衡忽视了激素、压力与健康间的复杂相互作用。长期压力可能导致皮质醇失调并引发健康风险，但准确诊断需专业评估，管理皮质醇需通过瑜伽、正念等个性化策略，强调以整体健康观和专业指导为核心。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"The recent discussions in TikTok suggest a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problem."TikTok上最近的讨论表明了一种误解，即皮质醇失衡直接导致了各种健康问题，从皮肤松弛到睡眠和消化问题。可知，皮质醇失衡被误解为直接导致各种健康问题。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol's dynamic nature."识别皮质醇相关的问题需要专业的评估，因为由于皮质醇的动态特性，自我评估或家庭测试可能无法提供准确的结果。可知，由于皮质醇的动态特性，可能需要多次测试来准确测量其水平。故选C。
10．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的"with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies."在专业指导和个性化压力管理策略下。可知，根据专业指导和个性化压力管理策略采取的方法肯定是全面的，所以划线词"holistic"的意义为"全面的；整体的"，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据全文内容，文章主要讨论了皮质醇的作用、误解及其对健康的影响，并提供了专业的健康建议。这种内容通常出现在健康类杂志中。故选B。
四、D
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of wellbeing. However, such benefits were sadly not enough to persuade Sheffield Hallam University to continue to offer an English literature degree to undergraduates. Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course. It follows a similar move by the University of Cumbria last year and cuts to humanities funding elsewhere.
This decline is partly caused by the increasing commercialization of higher education, which values degrees based on job prospects and starting salaries. With dramatically increasing graduates owing over 100,000 in student loans, it is understandable that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to 9,000.
Meanwhile, supposedly "dead end" university courses-those which fail to deliver an instant graduate reward in the job market are coming under increasingly aggressive inspection. This year, the Office for Students set out plans to remove funding for "low quality" courses, defined as those where less than 60% of participants go into good jobs or further study soon after graduating.
The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution.
After a decade of marketisation, a seriously practical worldview is beginning to sweep over England's higher education sector. But the inner quality and worth of a course cannot be fairly judged by reference to employment statistics and labour market outcomes. Sheffield Hallam's decision must be a wake-up call for those concerned to preserve the future of the arts and humanities in our universities.
12．Why did Sheffield Hallam University cease its English literature course
A．A lack of qualified teachers.
B．Decreased need for arts and humanities.
C．Poor feedback about the program.
D．Rising interest in vocational courses.
13．Which factor has discouraged students from applying for humanities degrees
A．No funding from the government.
B．High tuition fees and student loan debt.
C．A rise in competitive vocational programs.
D．A barrier to personal growth.
14．What is the author's attitude to the trend of reducing humanities courses in universities
A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned.
15．Which of following is a suitable title for the text
A．Higher Education Industry: A Heated Game
B．Major Adjustment Policy: A Wake-up Call
C．Arts and Humanities: A Must-keep Program
D．Vocation and commercialization: A Focused Trend
【答案】12．B
13．B
14．A
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；议论文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，英国谢菲尔德哈勒姆大学因艺术与人文学科需求下降停办英语文学本科课程，反映高等教育过度商业化趋势——以就业前景和薪资为导向的评估体系挤压非职业类课程生存空间。尽管此类做法忽视艺术产业对经济的贡献及教育对个人成长与文化传承的价值，但市场化的短视思维正席卷高校。该事件敲响警钟，呼吁重视维护人文学科在大学中的未来。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course."由于艺术和人文学科的需求下降，该大学将停止该课程。可知，该大学终止其英国文学课程是因为对艺术和人文学科的需求减少了。故选B。
13．细节理解题。 根据第二段中的"With dramatically increasing graduates owing over 100,000 in student loans, it is understandable that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to 9,000."随着越来越多的毕业生背负着超过10万英镑的学生贷款，来自低收入背景的年轻人在选择非职业课程时可能会三思，这是可以理解的。自2012年学费升至9000英镑以来，申请英语课程的人数一直在稳步下降。可知，高昂的学费和学生贷款债务阻碍了学生申请人文学位。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段"The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution."总的来说，这种做法既错误又短视。正如格雷厄姆所指出的那样，艺术和娱乐产业已经成为英国经济中为数不多的几个蓬勃发展的领域之一，在这些领域，英国可以宣称自己处于世界领先地位。此外，仅仅根据劳动力市场的结果来判断一门课程的价值，忽略了其他重要的价值，比如个人成长和文化贡献。可推知，作者对大学减少人文课程的趋势持批判态度。故选A。
15．标题归纳题。根据第一段中的"Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of wellbeing."学习文学可以让我们探索普遍的真理，这可能会带来一生的幸福感。可知，文章核心观点是反对削减人文课程，强调其重要性（如经济贡献、文化价值）。"艺术与人文：必修课程"概括文章主旨，适合作本文标题。故选C。
五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Every day we are filled with information, much of which is given by people who want to shape our decisions. So, we need to evaluate the information and determine how we should respond. 16． It's the ability to think clearly and see how ideas are connected. Like any skill, critical thinking can be learned, and the best way to learn it is by practising.
You cannot evaluate an argument that you do not understand. 17． You may need to ask questions to clarify the person's claims and ask them to explain key terms, especially words with multiple meanings.
Once you understand what the person is saying, then you can consider whether it's true. 18． You can figure this out by considering the source of the facts and whether the facts line up with what you already know about the topic. For a conflict, discover whether your understanding is incorrect or the new statement is wrong.
Critical thinking also involves examining people's motivations and assumptions. For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. 19． It's necessary that you recognize these factors to predict when someone else's statements might not be accurate or complete.
20． Poking holes in other people's arguments can be necessary, but you must acknowledge the possibility that your own beliefs sometimes can be wrong. By critically examining both your own and others' opinions, you can understand the way the world works and make decisions in light of the truth.
A. Analysing information requires critical thinking.
B. And he will leave out facts that don't help him reach that goal.
C. Thus, the first step to critical thinking must always be listening.
D. Because it's possible to draw incorrect conclusions from correct facts.
E. So learning about the common arguments and your own beliefs can help.
F. The most important question is whether the facts they state are actually true.
G. Critical thinking requires examining your own ideas and assumptions as well.
【答案】16．A；17．C；18．F；19．B；20．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了批判性思维的重要性及培养方法，强调通过理解论点、核实事实、审视动机与假设来评估信息，同时指出需保持开放心态，既质疑他人观点也反思自身信念，从而基于真相做出明智决策。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Every day we are filled with information, much of which is given by people who want to shape our decisions. So, we need to evaluate the information and determine how we should respond."每天我们的生活都充满了信息，其中大部分是由想要影响我们决策的人提供的。因此，我们需要评估信息并确定我们应该如何应对。上文告诉我们需要评估每天接收到的信息并确定我们应该如何应对， A. Analysing information requires critical thinking. "分析信息需要批判性思维。"介绍了评估和应对信息的方法，分析信息需要批判性思维，承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
17．根据空前"You cannot evaluate an argument that you do not understand. "你无法评估一个你不理解的论点。告诉我们不能评估一个不理解的论点，C. Thus, the first step to critical thinking must always be listening."因此，批判性思维的第一步必须始终是倾听"，承接上文，当遇到一个不理解的论点时，第一步必须是倾听，下文介绍了倾听的具体方法。故选C。
18．根据空前"Once you understand what the person is saying, then you can consider whether it's true. "一旦你理解了这个人在说什么，你就可以考虑这是不是真的。告诉我们批判性思维的第二步是考虑对方的话是不是真的， F. The most important question is whether the facts they state are actually true. "最重要的问题是他们陈述的事实是否真实。"，承接上文，我们需要考虑他们陈述的事实是否真实，下文介绍了具体的判断方法。故选F。
19．根据空前"Critical thinking also involves examining people's motivations and assumptions. For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. "批判性思维还包括检查人们的动机和假设。例如，一个推销员会展示一些经过挑选的事实，说服你买他卖的东西。告诉我们推销员为了卖货，会展示一些能够说服你买东西的事实， B. And he will leave out facts that don't help him reach that goal. "他会忽略那些无助于他实现目标的事实。"，承接上文，推销员会展示一些能够说服你买东西的事实，忽略那些无助于他实现目标的事实。故选B。
20．根据空后"Poking holes in other people's arguments can be necessary, but you must acknowledge the possibility that your own beliefs sometimes can be wrong. "在别人的论点中挖洞可能是必要的，但你必须承认自己的信仰有时可能是错误的。告诉我们也要考虑自己的信仰是否正确， G. Critical thinking requires examining your own ideas and assumptions as well. "批判性思维也需要审视自己的想法和假设。"概括段落内容，下文具体介绍了审视自己的想法和假设的作用。故选G。
六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Dr. Jonas Salk's medical care to pets on the streets started ten years ago as a personal mission that he kept to himself.
One morning, he stopped to 21． the dog of a beggar outside a convenience store. "I'd seen this guy before and 22． him. Regrettably, I just walked by him," Salk said. " 23． , that day, I just broke the 24． because I noticed his dog had serious skin condition." He diagnosed and treated the dog's condition, and the animal was 25． . But for Salk, the man's 26． was the real wake-up call: "Thank you for not ignoring me" were the words that 27． his next chapter.
Soon after, Salk began to do more, 28． small drop-in clinics to provide medical care for pets whose owners couldn't afford it and walking the streets looking for 29． individuals whose pets needed help. Right away, he was 30． by how much the unhoused owners cared for their beloved pets.
He also found many pet owners wanted to 31． stories about their dogs with others. With their 32． , Salk's brother, Ian, began 33． some of the work and personal stories to raise awareness about animal welfare.
His brother encouraged him to 34． the news online and soon more like-minded volunteers jumped on board. Since he started, Salk and his team have offered 35． to thousands of animals.
21．A．greet B．examine C．feed D．train
22．A．ignored B．approached C．contacted D．persuaded
23．A．Therefore B．Besides C．Otherwise D．However
24．A．appointment B．routine C．agreement D．balance
25．A．adopted B．infected C．traced D．transformed
26．A．tone B．forgiveness C．gratitude D．comment
27．A．improved B．inspired C．strengthened D．displayed
28．A．setting up B．setting off C．setting aside D．setting down
29．A．frustrated B．hopeless C．homeless D．elderly
30．A．bothered B．amused C．alarmed D．struck
31．A．repeat B．share C．extend D．connect
32．A．admission B．ambition C．permission D．invitation
33．A．documenting B．analyzing C．assessing D．revising
34．A．create B．search C．clarify D．spread
35．A．treatment B．friendship C．company D．nutrition
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．D；26．C；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．D；31．B；32．C；33．A；34．D；35．A
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Jonas Salk医生十年前因偶然救助一名乞丐的病狗而开启个人使命，从最初私下为流浪宠物提供医疗救助，到后来成立小型流动诊所、联合志愿者团队，并通过分享宠物主人的故事提升公众动物福利意识，最终与团队为数千只动物提供了医疗援助。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，副词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：一天早上，他在一家便利店外停下来检查一个乞丐的狗。A：greet"迎接"；B：examine"检查"；C：feed"喂养"；D：train" 训练 "。根据下文"I noticed his dog had serious skin condition."我注意到他的狗皮肤状况很严重。可知， Salk 停下来检查一条狗的情况。故选B。
22．句意：我之前见过这条，但是忽略了它。A：ignored"忽视"；B：approached"接近"；C：contacted"联系"；D：persuaded " 说服 "。根据下文"Regrettably, I just walked by him"遗憾的是，我刚刚从他身边走过。可知， Salk 之前忽视了这条狗。故选A。
23．句意：然而，那天，我打破了常规，因为我注意到他的狗有严重的皮肤问题。A：Therefore"因此"；B：Besides"此外"；C：Otherwise"否则"；D：However " 然而 "。根据上文"Regrettably, I just walked by him"遗憾的是，我刚刚从他身边走过；以及下文"because I noticed his dog had serious skin condition."因为我注意到他的狗皮肤状况很严重。可知，上下文为转折关系，故选D。
24．句意：然而，那天，我打破了常规，因为我注意到他的狗有严重的皮肤问题。A：appointment"约会"；B：routine"日常"；C：agreement"同意"；D：balance " 平衡 "。给根据上文"Regrettably, I just walked by him" 遗憾的是，我刚刚从他身边走过；以及下文 "He diagnosed and treated the dog's condition,"他诊断并治疗了狗的病情。可知， Salk 打破自己的常规，停下来给狗狗诊断病情。故选B。
25．句意：他诊断并治疗了狗的病情，这只动物被改变了。A：adopted"收养，采纳"；B：infected "感染"；C：traced"追踪"；D：transformed " 改变 "。根据空前"treated the dog's condition"可知，狗狗被治疗后，情况有了改变。故选D。
26．句意：但对 Salk 来说，这个人的感激才是真正的警钟："谢谢你没有忽视我"，这句话激发了他的下一个篇章。A：tone"口吻"；B：forgiveness"原谅"；C：gratitude"感激"；D：comment" 评论 "。根据空后"Thank you for not ignoring me"可知，乞丐的感激对索尔来说是真正的警钟。故选C。
27．句意： 但对 Salk 来说，这个人的感激才是真正的警钟："谢谢你没有忽视我"，这句话激发了他的下一个篇章。 A：improved"改进，提高"；B：inspired"启发"；C：strengthened"加强"；D：displayed " 展示 "。根据下文"Soon after, Salk began to do more"不久之后， Salk 开始做更多的事情；以及"provide medical care for pets whose owners couldn't afford it "为那些无力负担医疗费用的宠物提供医疗服务。可知，乞丐的话激发了索尔的下一个篇章，即让他帮助更多的无家可归者的宠物。故选B。
28．句意：不久之后， Salk 开始做更多的事情，设立了小型临时诊所，为那些无力负担医疗费用的宠物提供医疗服务，并在街上寻找那些宠物需要帮助的无家可归者。A：setting up"建立"；B：setting off"引发"；C：setting aside"搁置"；D：setting down " 记下 "。根据空后"small drop-in clinics"可知，此处指建立了一个小型临时诊所。故选A。
29．句意：不久之后， Salk 开始做更多的事情，设立了小型临时诊所，为那些无力负担医疗费用的宠物提供医疗服务，并在街上寻找那些宠物需要帮助的无家可归者。A：frustrated"沮丧的"；B：hopeless"没有希望的"；C：homeless"无家可归的"；D：elderly " 年老的 "。根据下文"how much the unhoused owners cared for their beloved pets."那些无家可归的主人有多关心他们心爱的宠物可知，是为无家可归者的宠物提供医疗服务。故选C。
30．句意：他立刻被这些无家可归的主人对他们心爱的宠物的照顾程度所震惊。A：bothered"打扰"；B：amused"使开心"；C：alarmed"使不安，使恐慌"；D：struck " 袭击，引起（强烈情感）"。根据空后"how much the unhoused owners cared for their beloved pets."可知，此处指无家可归者对自己宠物的照顾程度让索尔震惊。故选D。
31．句意：他还发现，许多宠物主人都想和别人分享他们的狗的故事。A：repeat"重复"；B：share "分享"；C：extend"延长，伸出"；D：connect " 联系 "。根据空后"stories about their dogs with others."可知，此处指和他人分享自己狗狗狗的故事。故选B。
32．句意：在他们的允许下， Salk 的兄弟伊恩开始记录一些工作和个人故事，以提高人们对动物福利的认识。A：admission"录取"；B：ambition"抱负"；C：permission"许可"；D：invitation " 邀请 "。根据上文"He also found many pet owners wanted to 11 stories about their dogs with others."他还发现，许多宠物主人都想和别人分享他们的狗的故事。可知，很多无家可归者想要分享自己宠物的故事，于是在得到他们的许可后， Salk 的弟弟准备做一些事情。故选C。
33．句意：在他们的允许下， Salk 的兄弟伊恩开始记录一些工作和个人故事，以提高人们对动物福利的认识。A：documenting"记录"；B：analyzing"分析"；C：assessing"评估"；D：revising "修正 "。根据空后"the work and personal stories"可知，是记录一些工作和个人故事。故选A。
34．句意：他的哥哥鼓励他在网上传播这个消息，很快就有更多志同道合的志愿者加入进来。A：create "创造"；B：search"搜寻"；C：clarify"澄清"；D：spread" 传播 "。根据空后"the news online and soon more like-minded volunteers jumped on board."可知， Salk 鼓励弟弟在网上传播消息。故选D。
35．句意：自从他开始，索尔克和他的团队已经为数千只动物提供了治疗。A：treatment"治疗"；B：friendship"友谊"；C：company"陪伴"；D：nutrition " 营养 "。根据上文"provide medical care for pets whose owners couldn't afford it"为主人负担不起的宠物提供医疗服务，可知，是给数千只动物提供了治疗。故选A。
七、第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2025高二上·杭州期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, researchers in China have found a new way to turn soil fertile, making 36． possible for humans to develop agriculture on the moon. In September, special bacteria 37． (introduce) into the soil and consequently they discovered that phosphorus, an important nutrient for plants, increased.
By the end of October 2024, the researchers had conducted numerous 38． (experiment) and finally they made it. They grew a plant linked with the tobacco plant and used volcanic soil from the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, 39． is similar to lunar soil. They treated the moon-like soil with three different kinds of bacteria. By 40． (compare), the plants raised in the bacteria-treated soil grew 41． (well) than plants that grew in the soil without the bacteria.
Xia Yitong, 42． co-author of the study, said carrying food, oxygen and water to people on the moon would be 43． (incredible) expensive. He added, "A plant cultivation system on the moon will meet long-term food and oxygen requirements for humans, thus contributing 44． the human life on the moon. Other plans to grow food on the moon that do not need soil are more costly as they require materials 45． (transport) from Earth."
【答案】36．it；37．were introduced；38．experiments；39．which；40．comparison；41．better；42．a；43．incredibly；44．to；45．to be transported
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，中国研究人员发现通过向类月壤中引入特殊细菌可显著提升磷含量，使植物在模拟月壤中生长更佳，为月球农业发展提供新途径。该技术有望降低月球长期驻留的物资运输成本，通过原位植物栽培系统满足人类食物和氧气需求，较其他无土栽培方案更具经济可行性。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及代词，时态语态，名词，定语从句，形容词，副词，介词，非谓语动词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：最近，中国的研究人员发现了一种使土壤肥沃的新方法，使得人类在月球上发展农业成为可能。此处为"make+it+adj.+for sb. to do sth."结构，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填it。
37．句意：在九月，特殊的细菌被引入到土壤中，结果他们发现磷，一种对植物很重要的营养物质，增加了。 introduce "介绍"，是谓语动词，根据时间状语In September可知，应用一般过去时，主语special bacteria与动词introduce之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数形式，be动词用were。故填were introduced。
38．句意：到 2024 年 10 月底，研究人员已经进行了大量的实验，最终他们成功了。 experiment "试验"，名词。根据空前的numerous可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式。故填experiments。
39．句意：他们种植了一种与烟草植物有关的植物，并使用了来自吉林省长白山的火山土壤，这种土壤与月球土壤相似。 is similar to lunar soil 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为volcanic soil，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
40．句意：相比之下，用细菌处理过的土壤里培育的植物比没有用细菌处理的土壤里培育的植物长得更好。 compare "比较"，动词。根据空前介词By可知，此处应用名词作宾语，compare的名词为comparison，"比较"，by comparison固定短语，"通过比较，相比之下"，故填comparison。
41．句意：相比之下，用细菌处理过的土壤里培育的植物比没有用细菌处理的土壤里培育的植物长得更好。 well "好"，副词。根据空后than可知，此处应用副词well的比较级better，修饰动词grew。故填better。
42．句意：这项研究的一位共同作者夏一桐说，给月球上的人运送食物、氧气和水将会极其昂贵。co-author是可数名词，此处表示"一位共同作者"，表泛指，且co-author发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
43．句意：这项研究的一位共同作者夏一桐说，给月球上的人运送食物、氧气和水将会极其昂贵。 incredible "难以置信的"，形容词。此处修饰形容词expensive，应用其副词incredibly"极其，难以置信地"，作状语，故填incredibly。
44．句意：他补充说："月球上的植物栽培系统将满足人类长期的食物和氧气需求，从而为月球上的人类生活做出贡献。"contribute to，固定短语，"为……做出贡献"，故填to。
45．句意：其他在月球上种植食物而不需要土壤的计划成本更高，因为它们需要将从地球上运输的材料。 transport "运输"，动词&名词。结合固定短语require... to do sth."需要……做某事"，且materials与transport之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动形式to be done。故填to be transported。
八、第一节 应用文写作 (满分15分)
46．（2025高二上·杭州期末）上周日你校组织学生参加了在科技馆举办的"走进人工智能"活动。请你为校英文报写篇报道，内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 活动内容；
3. 活动意义。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Getting Close to Artificial Intelligence
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Getting Close to Artificial Intelligence
With the aim of sparking our enthusiasm for science, our school launched a meaningful activity themed "Getting Close to Artificial Intelligence" in the Science and Technology Museum last Sunday.
Initially, the guide there gave us a brief introduction about the development of AI technology. Following this, we observed various AI exhibits such as the smart home devices, driverless vehicles and so on. Especially impressive was the interactive section where we chatted with AI robots and even played games with them.
It was such a rewarding experience, not only enabling us to get a deep insight into AI technology but also planting a seed of science in everyone's heart.
【知识点】命题作文；提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 为校英文报写篇报道 。写作背景： 上周日你校组织学生参加了在科技馆举办的"走进人工智能"活动。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 时间和地点；2. 活动内容；3. 活动意义。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：With the aim of sparking our enthusiasm for science, our school launched a meaningful activity themed "Getting Close to Artificial Intelligence" in the Science and Technology Museum last Sunday.运用了过去分词作后置定语；Following this, we observed various AI exhibits such as the smart home devices, driverless vehicles and so on. 运用了现在分词作状语；Especially impressive was the interactive section where we chatted with AI robots and even played games with them.运用了倒装句，限制性定语从句；It was such a rewarding experience, not only enabling us to get a deep insight into AI technology but also planting a seed of science in everyone's heart.运用了现在分词作状语。
九、第二节 读后续写 (满分25分)
47．（2025高二上·杭州期末）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Moving from urban New Jersey to the Pennsylvania woods was a dream coming true for me. My home was surrounded by nature, with the nearest neighbor miles away and no phone service. As a nurse, I used to be around people, but I found immense joy in solitude and wildlife, since my whole new life was closely connected to nature and I could never feel lonely with animals nearby.
One afternoon, I introduced a visiting friend to a deer I called Scarbelly, recognizable by an old wound running from her shoulder to her hip. "She had a baby last year, and she brings her baby around too," I said happily. "They seem to like you a lot!" she remarked as the deer inched closer. "I think so, but deer aren't easy to get close to," I replied, enjoying the peacefulness of my life in the woods.
That peaceful existence was disturbed one April morning. I woke to the sounds of birds but felt an unusual heaviness in my legs. Struggling to get up, I lost my balance and crashed into the doorframe. Something was seriously wrong: I even couldn't feel my left arm or fingers. Panic set in as my nurse training kicked in-could I be having a stroke (中风) at just 46 I needed help, but I had no neighbors and no phone.
Desperate, I muttered, "Well, God, I've got to do something here. I need help. Fast!" I tried to get dressed quickly and stepped outside, "Scarbelly!" I cried with all my strength. Scarbelly soon appeared on the deck, with several other deer crowding in behind her. They weren't the rescue team I'd imagined, but they were all I had.
Determined to reach the road at the top of the hill, I shuffled forward, the deer following closely. The vast lawn looming before me, I felt overwhelmed. Yet I pushed through, only to find myself at the gravel road, confused about how I'd made it that far. Scarbelly looked into my eyes, as if she had helped me along.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, a car appeared in the distance, but when I waved, it sped past.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As the driver drove off, the deer finally stepped away from the road.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Suddenly, a car appeared in the distance, but when I waved, it sped past. More cars passed and my hopes dashed. "I have to go to the middle of the road," I decided, feeling it was my only option. Seeing me step into the road, the deer formed a protective circle around me, their warmth offering solace. When a truck approached, I waved my hand desperately. To my relief, it slowed and stopped. The driver stared in disbelief at the scene before him. "Please," I pleaded, "I need to get to the hospital. I think I had a stroke." He hesitated but quickly jumped out to help me into the passenger seat, cautiously eyeing the deer.
As the driver drove off, the deer finally stepped away from the road. I felt a wave of gratitude. "Thank you, God, for these beautiful creatures watching over me," I prayed. At the hospital, tests confirmed I had indeed suffered a stroke. The doctor reassured me, saying, "You're lucky you got here as quickly as you did. If you'd waited, it could have been much worse." I realized how fortunate I was-both for the swift help I received and for the angelic presence of the deer that had guided me when I was in need.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，本文讲述了作者是一名护士，帮助了一只名叫Scarbelly的鹿。某天作者早上感到身体不适，出现了中风的症状。这时Scarbelly出现了，并且在作者去求助的路上一直帮助作者。最终作者被路过的司机发现，送往了医院，多亏了Scarbelly，作者最终得救。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"突然，远处出现了一辆汽车，但当我挥手时，它飞驰而过。"可知，第一段可描写作者在路边求助，Scarbelly提供帮助的经过。②由第二段首句内容"当司机开车离开时，鹿终于离开了道路"可知，第二段可描写作者被司机发现，送往医院最终得救。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】该续写与原文情节紧密相连，从作者试图拦车求助到最终得到帮助，再到对鹿群的感激和生命的感悟，整个故事流畅自然，逻辑清晰。作者通过细腻的心理描写和动作描写，生动地展现了在困境中的绝望、求生的渴望以及得到帮助后的感激之情，使读者能够深刻感受到作者的情感变化。续写中增加了对鹿群行为的描写，如它们形成保护圈、默默守护等，这些细节不仅丰富了故事内容，也突出了鹿群在作者求救过程中的重要作用，增强了故事的感染力。 作者运用了丰富的词汇和句式，使文章语言生动、形象，如"My heart sank"、"Desperation gripped me"等表达，增强了文章的感染力和可读性。文中有一些好的句子，例如： When a truck approached, I waved my hand desperately.运用了when引导时间状语从句； If you'd waited, it could have been much worse. 运用了if引导条件状语从句。
1 / 1浙江省杭州市西湖区西湖高中2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷
一、A
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Volunteer Opportunities in Your CityIf you're looking for ways to give back to your community, here are some volunteer opportunities available in your area this month.
Food Bank Helper
Local food banks are in urgent need of volunteers to help sort and distribute food to families in need. This role includes organizing food items, packing boxes, and handing out the packages to recipients. Volunteers are required from Monday to Friday, 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM at the Community Care Center
Location: 45 Maple Street
Contact: 123-456-7890
Animal Shelter Assistant
Are you an animal lover The city animal shelter is seeking volunteers to assist with daily care for the animals, including feeding, cleaning, and exercising dogs and cats. No experience is required, but volunteers must be at least 16 years old. Shifts are flexible
Location: 78 Riverbank Road
Contact: 987-654-3210
Senior Center Activity Leader
Brighten the day of local seniors by running activities like bingo, art projects, or music sessions at the Senior Center. Volunteers will need to prepare simple materials and guide small groups of seniors during activities. This is a rewarding way to connect with the elderly and gain valuable community service experience.
Location: 123 Sunflower Lane
Contact: 555-112-2334
Park Clean-up Crew
Help keep our parks beautiful! Volunteers will clean up trash, plant trees, and perform simple maintenance tasks in various parks around the city. Anyone can join the weekend clean-up events. All equipment will be provided.
Location: Sign up at www.cleanparks.org
Contact: 777-333-8888
Looking to get involved Contact the organizations above for more details or to sign up for a role that fits your schedule and interests. Make a difference in your community today!
1．What can you infer about the Food Bank Helper role
A．It is only available on weekends
B．Volunteers must have related experience.
C．Volunteers need to sign up online only.
D．The role involves sorting and distributing food items
2．Where can you volunteer if you are interested in animal care
A．Community Care Center. B．78 Riverbank Road.
C．Senior Center. D．Various parks.
3．What do these four volunteer opportunities have in common
A．They require prior experience.
B．They offer flexible timings for volunteers.
C．They aim to improve the local community.
D．They are specifically for people under 18 years old.
二、B
（2025高二上·杭州期末）There are so many things to keep in order with young children during weekdays. It's all too easy to end up forgetting they need their PE kit on a particular day, or to realize they have no clean school uniforms or you've missed an email about a school trip.
So one admirably organized mom, Rachael Hallett, from Australia, has shared her simple but highly effective solution to having to prepare their lunchboxes. Her tip recommends mass cooking, just like you might do with dinners. "School lunches can get boring," she admits. "You can cook a lot and freeze many items in advance. Sandwiches, sausage rolls, wraps and so on. These all freeze well." But she points out that any fillings that are water-based, like cucumber or tomato, should be avoided in case the bread or wraps become wet.
And Rachael, who has two primary school age children, doesn't stop there with the preparation. She also makes the decisions easily over what to give her children daily by drawing up a list of different foods to put in the boxes. She prefers lunchboxes with different parts that won't leak and each section is used for various items such as fruit or snacks. The wise mom sometimes even sends her kids into school with a food thermos for warm lunches. "You can really send almost anything," she shares.
But even Rachael has days when she just doesn't have the time or energy to make a meal for her little ones and she says on these occasions school dinners are definitely a suitable alternative. "Plan some money for a lunch order on your hardest weekdays. Usually school dinners aren't too expensive and taste good," she says.
Rachael is a co-founder of the hugely popular Facebook group Moms Who, which has over a million members. Lots of other members of the group thanked Rachael for sharing her tips which they intended to put to use in their routines.
4．What are parents' weekdays like according to the first paragraph
A．Challenging. B．Boring. C．Amazing. D．Meaningful.
5．What does Rachael suggest on mass cooking
A．Avoiding sandwiches. B．Preparing food with juice.
C．Choosing food that freezes well. D．Cooking one item at a time.
6．Why does Rachael probably prefer lunchboxes with different parts
A．It is easy for her children to carry.
B．It is convenient to put different foods in.
C．The lunchboxes look more beautiful.
D．The lunchboxes are popular with children.
7．What is the purpose of the Facebook group Moms Who
A．To offer various recipes for cooking school dinners at home
B．To help moms find affordable lunchbox options for their kids
C．To allow moms in Australia to discuss school-related topics.
D．To provide a platform for moms to share the tips on their kids' lunch.
三、C
（2025高二上·杭州期末） Cortisol, widely recognized as the "stress hormone (激素)", plays a key role in managing stress. The recent discussions in TikTok suggest a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problem. "The relationship between cortisol and body symptoms is not straightforward." Experts like Martin Picard from Columbia University emphasizes.
Our bodies release cortisol when we encounter a challenge, whether psychological or physical, real or imagined. Things like coming across a bear on a hike, receiving an annoying work email or delivering a public speech are the typical cases. Cortisol aids in energy supply and metabolism (新陈代谢) control. Its levels vary, peaking in the morning and reducing by night.
However, long-term stress can disturb this balance, leading to sustained high cortisol levels. Potential disadvantages are weakened immune (免疫的) system and high blood sugar, as well as mental illnesses like depression and PTSD. In extreme cases, too much cortisol production may lead to Cushing's syndrome, characterized by serious physical changes and requiring medical treatment.
Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol's dynamic nature. Experts suggest consulting healthcare professionals for a thorough check. While there's no one-size-fits-all solution for managing cortisol levels, research indicates that practices such as yoga, mindfulness, and moderate exercise can aid in regulating the body's stress response. These activities not only help in reducing stress but also in training the body to manage its stress response more effectively over time.
In conclusion, cortisol plays a key role in how our body handles stress and functions overall. However, saying that many health problems are just due to cortisol imbalances misses the complex interaction between hormones, stress and health. It's important to take aholistic approach to health, with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies.
8．What can we learn about cortisol
A．It can directly cause sleep disorder
B．It won't influence physical health at all.
C．It has nothing to do with stomach upset.
D．It is often misunderstood on social media.
9．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．Exercise guarantees cortisol decrease.
B．Home testing of cortisol is not available.
C．Multiple tests may be required to measure cortisol.
D．Experts dismiss home activities in stress management.
10．What does the underlined word "holistic" mean in the last paragraph
A．Medical. B．Physical. C．Immediate. D．Integrated.
11．Where is this text most likely from
A．An education guide. B．A health magazine.
C．A book review. D．A scientific paper.
四、D
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of wellbeing. However, such benefits were sadly not enough to persuade Sheffield Hallam University to continue to offer an English literature degree to undergraduates. Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course. It follows a similar move by the University of Cumbria last year and cuts to humanities funding elsewhere.
This decline is partly caused by the increasing commercialization of higher education, which values degrees based on job prospects and starting salaries. With dramatically increasing graduates owing over 100,000 in student loans, it is understandable that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to 9,000.
Meanwhile, supposedly "dead end" university courses-those which fail to deliver an instant graduate reward in the job market are coming under increasingly aggressive inspection. This year, the Office for Students set out plans to remove funding for "low quality" courses, defined as those where less than 60% of participants go into good jobs or further study soon after graduating.
The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution.
After a decade of marketisation, a seriously practical worldview is beginning to sweep over England's higher education sector. But the inner quality and worth of a course cannot be fairly judged by reference to employment statistics and labour market outcomes. Sheffield Hallam's decision must be a wake-up call for those concerned to preserve the future of the arts and humanities in our universities.
12．Why did Sheffield Hallam University cease its English literature course
A．A lack of qualified teachers.
B．Decreased need for arts and humanities.
C．Poor feedback about the program.
D．Rising interest in vocational courses.
13．Which factor has discouraged students from applying for humanities degrees
A．No funding from the government.
B．High tuition fees and student loan debt.
C．A rise in competitive vocational programs.
D．A barrier to personal growth.
14．What is the author's attitude to the trend of reducing humanities courses in universities
A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Unconcerned.
15．Which of following is a suitable title for the text
A．Higher Education Industry: A Heated Game
B．Major Adjustment Policy: A Wake-up Call
C．Arts and Humanities: A Must-keep Program
D．Vocation and commercialization: A Focused Trend
五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Every day we are filled with information, much of which is given by people who want to shape our decisions. So, we need to evaluate the information and determine how we should respond. 16． It's the ability to think clearly and see how ideas are connected. Like any skill, critical thinking can be learned, and the best way to learn it is by practising.
You cannot evaluate an argument that you do not understand. 17． You may need to ask questions to clarify the person's claims and ask them to explain key terms, especially words with multiple meanings.
Once you understand what the person is saying, then you can consider whether it's true. 18． You can figure this out by considering the source of the facts and whether the facts line up with what you already know about the topic. For a conflict, discover whether your understanding is incorrect or the new statement is wrong.
Critical thinking also involves examining people's motivations and assumptions. For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. 19． It's necessary that you recognize these factors to predict when someone else's statements might not be accurate or complete.
20． Poking holes in other people's arguments can be necessary, but you must acknowledge the possibility that your own beliefs sometimes can be wrong. By critically examining both your own and others' opinions, you can understand the way the world works and make decisions in light of the truth.
A. Analysing information requires critical thinking.
B. And he will leave out facts that don't help him reach that goal.
C. Thus, the first step to critical thinking must always be listening.
D. Because it's possible to draw incorrect conclusions from correct facts.
E. So learning about the common arguments and your own beliefs can help.
F. The most important question is whether the facts they state are actually true.
G. Critical thinking requires examining your own ideas and assumptions as well.
六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Dr. Jonas Salk's medical care to pets on the streets started ten years ago as a personal mission that he kept to himself.
One morning, he stopped to 21． the dog of a beggar outside a convenience store. "I'd seen this guy before and 22． him. Regrettably, I just walked by him," Salk said. " 23． , that day, I just broke the 24． because I noticed his dog had serious skin condition." He diagnosed and treated the dog's condition, and the animal was 25． . But for Salk, the man's 26． was the real wake-up call: "Thank you for not ignoring me" were the words that 27． his next chapter.
Soon after, Salk began to do more, 28． small drop-in clinics to provide medical care for pets whose owners couldn't afford it and walking the streets looking for 29． individuals whose pets needed help. Right away, he was 30． by how much the unhoused owners cared for their beloved pets.
He also found many pet owners wanted to 31． stories about their dogs with others. With their 32． , Salk's brother, Ian, began 33． some of the work and personal stories to raise awareness about animal welfare.
His brother encouraged him to 34． the news online and soon more like-minded volunteers jumped on board. Since he started, Salk and his team have offered 35． to thousands of animals.
21．A．greet B．examine C．feed D．train
22．A．ignored B．approached C．contacted D．persuaded
23．A．Therefore B．Besides C．Otherwise D．However
24．A．appointment B．routine C．agreement D．balance
25．A．adopted B．infected C．traced D．transformed
26．A．tone B．forgiveness C．gratitude D．comment
27．A．improved B．inspired C．strengthened D．displayed
28．A．setting up B．setting off C．setting aside D．setting down
29．A．frustrated B．hopeless C．homeless D．elderly
30．A．bothered B．amused C．alarmed D．struck
31．A．repeat B．share C．extend D．connect
32．A．admission B．ambition C．permission D．invitation
33．A．documenting B．analyzing C．assessing D．revising
34．A．create B．search C．clarify D．spread
35．A．treatment B．friendship C．company D．nutrition
七、第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2025高二上·杭州期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, researchers in China have found a new way to turn soil fertile, making 36． possible for humans to develop agriculture on the moon. In September, special bacteria 37． (introduce) into the soil and consequently they discovered that phosphorus, an important nutrient for plants, increased.
By the end of October 2024, the researchers had conducted numerous 38． (experiment) and finally they made it. They grew a plant linked with the tobacco plant and used volcanic soil from the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, 39． is similar to lunar soil. They treated the moon-like soil with three different kinds of bacteria. By 40． (compare), the plants raised in the bacteria-treated soil grew 41． (well) than plants that grew in the soil without the bacteria.
Xia Yitong, 42． co-author of the study, said carrying food, oxygen and water to people on the moon would be 43． (incredible) expensive. He added, "A plant cultivation system on the moon will meet long-term food and oxygen requirements for humans, thus contributing 44． the human life on the moon. Other plans to grow food on the moon that do not need soil are more costly as they require materials 45． (transport) from Earth."
八、第一节 应用文写作 (满分15分)
46．（2025高二上·杭州期末）上周日你校组织学生参加了在科技馆举办的"走进人工智能"活动。请你为校英文报写篇报道，内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 活动内容；
3. 活动意义。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Getting Close to Artificial Intelligence
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
九、第二节 读后续写 (满分25分)
47．（2025高二上·杭州期末）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Moving from urban New Jersey to the Pennsylvania woods was a dream coming true for me. My home was surrounded by nature, with the nearest neighbor miles away and no phone service. As a nurse, I used to be around people, but I found immense joy in solitude and wildlife, since my whole new life was closely connected to nature and I could never feel lonely with animals nearby.
One afternoon, I introduced a visiting friend to a deer I called Scarbelly, recognizable by an old wound running from her shoulder to her hip. "She had a baby last year, and she brings her baby around too," I said happily. "They seem to like you a lot!" she remarked as the deer inched closer. "I think so, but deer aren't easy to get close to," I replied, enjoying the peacefulness of my life in the woods.
That peaceful existence was disturbed one April morning. I woke to the sounds of birds but felt an unusual heaviness in my legs. Struggling to get up, I lost my balance and crashed into the doorframe. Something was seriously wrong: I even couldn't feel my left arm or fingers. Panic set in as my nurse training kicked in-could I be having a stroke (中风) at just 46 I needed help, but I had no neighbors and no phone.
Desperate, I muttered, "Well, God, I've got to do something here. I need help. Fast!" I tried to get dressed quickly and stepped outside, "Scarbelly!" I cried with all my strength. Scarbelly soon appeared on the deck, with several other deer crowding in behind her. They weren't the rescue team I'd imagined, but they were all I had.
Determined to reach the road at the top of the hill, I shuffled forward, the deer following closely. The vast lawn looming before me, I felt overwhelmed. Yet I pushed through, only to find myself at the gravel road, confused about how I'd made it that far. Scarbelly looked into my eyes, as if she had helped me along.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, a car appeared in the distance, but when I waved, it sped past.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As the driver drove off, the deer finally stepped away from the road.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了本月所在城市提供的四项志愿者活动机会，包括食物银行助手、动物收容所助理、老年中心活动带领者及公园清洁团队，鼓励读者根据自身时间和兴趣联系相关机构报名参与，以回馈社区、贡献力量。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．推理判断题。根据Food Bank Helper部分中"Local food banks are in urgent need of volunteers to help sort and distribute food to families in need."当地食品银行急需志愿者，帮助有需要的家庭分类和分发食物。可知，该职位涉及对食品进行分类和分发。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Animal Shelter Assistant部分中的"Location: 78 Riverbank Road"可知，如果你对动物护理感兴趣，你可以在78 Riverbank Road做志愿者。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段"If you're looking for ways to give back to your community, here are some volunteer opportunities available in your area this month."如果你正在寻找回馈社区的方法，本月你所在地区有一些志愿者机会。可知，所有志愿活动均围绕服务社区展开（如帮助贫困家庭、照顾动物、关爱老人、美化公园），他们的目标是改善当地社区。故选C。
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．B
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚一位有条理的母亲Rachael Hallett分享了她高效准备孩子午餐盒的方法，包括提前批量烹饪可冷冻的食物、制定食物清单、使用分隔不漏的餐盒，甚至用保温罐带热食；同时她也建议在忙碌时选择学校餐作为替代方案。她的经验在拥有百万成员的妈妈社群中广受好评并被争相效仿。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段"There are so many things to keep in order with young children during weekdays. It's all too easy to end up forgetting they need their PE kit on a particular day, or to realize they have no clean school uniforms or you've missed an email about a school trip."在工作日里，有很多事情要和年幼的孩子们一起打理。很容易忘记他们在某一天需要他们的体育用品，或者意识到他们没有干净的校服，或者你错过了一封关于学校旅行的邮件。可知，父母在工作日需要处理许多事情，容易忘记一些重要事项，因此工作日是具有挑战性的。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"You can cook a lot and freeze many items in advance. Sandwiches, sausage rolls, wraps and so on. These all freeze well."你可以提前烹饪和冷冻很多食物。三明治、香肠卷、面包卷等等。这些都很好冻。可知，Rachael建议选择可以冷冻保存的食物。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"She prefers lunchboxes with different parts that won't leak and each section is used for various items such as fruit or snacks."她更喜欢有不同部分的午餐盒，这些部分不会漏出，每个部分都可以用来装各种东西，比如水果或零食。可知，Rachael喜欢分格饭盒是因为可以方便地放入不同种类的食物。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Lots of other members of the group thanked Rachael for sharing her tips which they intended to put to use in their routines."小组的许多其他成员都感谢Rachael分享她的建议，他们打算把这些建议应用到自己的日常生活中。可知，该Facebook群的目的是为妈妈们提供一个分享孩子午餐技巧的平台。故选D。
【答案】8．D
9．C
10．D
11．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，皮质醇作为"压力激素"在调节人体应对压力和整体功能中起关键作用，但将多种健康问题简单归因于皮质醇失衡忽视了激素、压力与健康间的复杂相互作用。长期压力可能导致皮质醇失调并引发健康风险，但准确诊断需专业评估，管理皮质醇需通过瑜伽、正念等个性化策略，强调以整体健康观和专业指导为核心。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"The recent discussions in TikTok suggest a misinterpretation that cortisol imbalances are directly responsible for various health issues, from loose skin to sleep and digestive problem."TikTok上最近的讨论表明了一种误解，即皮质醇失衡直接导致了各种健康问题，从皮肤松弛到睡眠和消化问题。可知，皮质醇失衡被误解为直接导致各种健康问题。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Identifying cortisol-related issues requires professional evaluation, as self-assessment or at-home testing may not provide accurate results due to cortisol's dynamic nature."识别皮质醇相关的问题需要专业的评估，因为由于皮质醇的动态特性，自我评估或家庭测试可能无法提供准确的结果。可知，由于皮质醇的动态特性，可能需要多次测试来准确测量其水平。故选C。
10．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的"with professional guidance and personalized stress management strategies."在专业指导和个性化压力管理策略下。可知，根据专业指导和个性化压力管理策略采取的方法肯定是全面的，所以划线词"holistic"的意义为"全面的；整体的"，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据全文内容，文章主要讨论了皮质醇的作用、误解及其对健康的影响，并提供了专业的健康建议。这种内容通常出现在健康类杂志中。故选B。
【答案】12．B
13．B
14．A
15．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；议论文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，英国谢菲尔德哈勒姆大学因艺术与人文学科需求下降停办英语文学本科课程，反映高等教育过度商业化趋势——以就业前景和薪资为导向的评估体系挤压非职业类课程生存空间。尽管此类做法忽视艺术产业对经济的贡献及教育对个人成长与文化传承的价值，但市场化的短视思维正席卷高校。该事件敲响警钟，呼吁重视维护人文学科在大学中的未来。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Due to falling demand for arts and humanities courses, the university is ceasing the course."由于艺术和人文学科的需求下降，该大学将停止该课程。可知，该大学终止其英国文学课程是因为对艺术和人文学科的需求减少了。故选B。
13．细节理解题。 根据第二段中的"With dramatically increasing graduates owing over 100,000 in student loans, it is understandable that young people from lower-income backgrounds might think twice about taking a non-vocational (非职业类的) course. Applications for English studies have fallen steadily since 2012, when the tuition fees rose to 9,000."随着越来越多的毕业生背负着超过10万英镑的学生贷款，来自低收入背景的年轻人在选择非职业课程时可能会三思，这是可以理解的。自2012年学费升至9000英镑以来，申请英语课程的人数一直在稳步下降。可知，高昂的学费和学生贷款债务阻碍了学生申请人文学位。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段"The overall approach is both wrong-headed and shortsighted. As Mr Graham points out, the arts and entertainment industry has become one of the few booming areas of the economy in which Britain can claim to be world-leading. Additionally, judging the worth of a course solely by labor market outcomes ignores other important values, such as personal growth and cultural contribution."总的来说，这种做法既错误又短视。正如格雷厄姆所指出的那样，艺术和娱乐产业已经成为英国经济中为数不多的几个蓬勃发展的领域之一，在这些领域，英国可以宣称自己处于世界领先地位。此外，仅仅根据劳动力市场的结果来判断一门课程的价值，忽略了其他重要的价值，比如个人成长和文化贡献。可推知，作者对大学减少人文课程的趋势持批判态度。故选A。
15．标题归纳题。根据第一段中的"Studying literature allows us to explore universal truths, which may deliver a lifetime sense of wellbeing."学习文学可以让我们探索普遍的真理，这可能会带来一生的幸福感。可知，文章核心观点是反对削减人文课程，强调其重要性（如经济贡献、文化价值）。"艺术与人文：必修课程"概括文章主旨，适合作本文标题。故选C。
【答案】16．A；17．C；18．F；19．B；20．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了批判性思维的重要性及培养方法，强调通过理解论点、核实事实、审视动机与假设来评估信息，同时指出需保持开放心态，既质疑他人观点也反思自身信念，从而基于真相做出明智决策。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Every day we are filled with information, much of which is given by people who want to shape our decisions. So, we need to evaluate the information and determine how we should respond."每天我们的生活都充满了信息，其中大部分是由想要影响我们决策的人提供的。因此，我们需要评估信息并确定我们应该如何应对。上文告诉我们需要评估每天接收到的信息并确定我们应该如何应对， A. Analysing information requires critical thinking. "分析信息需要批判性思维。"介绍了评估和应对信息的方法，分析信息需要批判性思维，承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
17．根据空前"You cannot evaluate an argument that you do not understand. "你无法评估一个你不理解的论点。告诉我们不能评估一个不理解的论点，C. Thus, the first step to critical thinking must always be listening."因此，批判性思维的第一步必须始终是倾听"，承接上文，当遇到一个不理解的论点时，第一步必须是倾听，下文介绍了倾听的具体方法。故选C。
18．根据空前"Once you understand what the person is saying, then you can consider whether it's true. "一旦你理解了这个人在说什么，你就可以考虑这是不是真的。告诉我们批判性思维的第二步是考虑对方的话是不是真的， F. The most important question is whether the facts they state are actually true. "最重要的问题是他们陈述的事实是否真实。"，承接上文，我们需要考虑他们陈述的事实是否真实，下文介绍了具体的判断方法。故选F。
19．根据空前"Critical thinking also involves examining people's motivations and assumptions. For example, a salesman will present facts that are selected to convince you to buy what he is selling. "批判性思维还包括检查人们的动机和假设。例如，一个推销员会展示一些经过挑选的事实，说服你买他卖的东西。告诉我们推销员为了卖货，会展示一些能够说服你买东西的事实， B. And he will leave out facts that don't help him reach that goal. "他会忽略那些无助于他实现目标的事实。"，承接上文，推销员会展示一些能够说服你买东西的事实，忽略那些无助于他实现目标的事实。故选B。
20．根据空后"Poking holes in other people's arguments can be necessary, but you must acknowledge the possibility that your own beliefs sometimes can be wrong. "在别人的论点中挖洞可能是必要的，但你必须承认自己的信仰有时可能是错误的。告诉我们也要考虑自己的信仰是否正确， G. Critical thinking requires examining your own ideas and assumptions as well. "批判性思维也需要审视自己的想法和假设。"概括段落内容，下文具体介绍了审视自己的想法和假设的作用。故选G。
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．D；26．C；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．D；31．B；32．C；33．A；34．D；35．A
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Jonas Salk医生十年前因偶然救助一名乞丐的病狗而开启个人使命，从最初私下为流浪宠物提供医疗救助，到后来成立小型流动诊所、联合志愿者团队，并通过分享宠物主人的故事提升公众动物福利意识，最终与团队为数千只动物提供了医疗援助。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，副词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：一天早上，他在一家便利店外停下来检查一个乞丐的狗。A：greet"迎接"；B：examine"检查"；C：feed"喂养"；D：train" 训练 "。根据下文"I noticed his dog had serious skin condition."我注意到他的狗皮肤状况很严重。可知， Salk 停下来检查一条狗的情况。故选B。
22．句意：我之前见过这条，但是忽略了它。A：ignored"忽视"；B：approached"接近"；C：contacted"联系"；D：persuaded " 说服 "。根据下文"Regrettably, I just walked by him"遗憾的是，我刚刚从他身边走过。可知， Salk 之前忽视了这条狗。故选A。
23．句意：然而，那天，我打破了常规，因为我注意到他的狗有严重的皮肤问题。A：Therefore"因此"；B：Besides"此外"；C：Otherwise"否则"；D：However " 然而 "。根据上文"Regrettably, I just walked by him"遗憾的是，我刚刚从他身边走过；以及下文"because I noticed his dog had serious skin condition."因为我注意到他的狗皮肤状况很严重。可知，上下文为转折关系，故选D。
24．句意：然而，那天，我打破了常规，因为我注意到他的狗有严重的皮肤问题。A：appointment"约会"；B：routine"日常"；C：agreement"同意"；D：balance " 平衡 "。给根据上文"Regrettably, I just walked by him" 遗憾的是，我刚刚从他身边走过；以及下文 "He diagnosed and treated the dog's condition,"他诊断并治疗了狗的病情。可知， Salk 打破自己的常规，停下来给狗狗诊断病情。故选B。
25．句意：他诊断并治疗了狗的病情，这只动物被改变了。A：adopted"收养，采纳"；B：infected "感染"；C：traced"追踪"；D：transformed " 改变 "。根据空前"treated the dog's condition"可知，狗狗被治疗后，情况有了改变。故选D。
26．句意：但对 Salk 来说，这个人的感激才是真正的警钟："谢谢你没有忽视我"，这句话激发了他的下一个篇章。A：tone"口吻"；B：forgiveness"原谅"；C：gratitude"感激"；D：comment" 评论 "。根据空后"Thank you for not ignoring me"可知，乞丐的感激对索尔来说是真正的警钟。故选C。
27．句意： 但对 Salk 来说，这个人的感激才是真正的警钟："谢谢你没有忽视我"，这句话激发了他的下一个篇章。 A：improved"改进，提高"；B：inspired"启发"；C：strengthened"加强"；D：displayed " 展示 "。根据下文"Soon after, Salk began to do more"不久之后， Salk 开始做更多的事情；以及"provide medical care for pets whose owners couldn't afford it "为那些无力负担医疗费用的宠物提供医疗服务。可知，乞丐的话激发了索尔的下一个篇章，即让他帮助更多的无家可归者的宠物。故选B。
28．句意：不久之后， Salk 开始做更多的事情，设立了小型临时诊所，为那些无力负担医疗费用的宠物提供医疗服务，并在街上寻找那些宠物需要帮助的无家可归者。A：setting up"建立"；B：setting off"引发"；C：setting aside"搁置"；D：setting down " 记下 "。根据空后"small drop-in clinics"可知，此处指建立了一个小型临时诊所。故选A。
29．句意：不久之后， Salk 开始做更多的事情，设立了小型临时诊所，为那些无力负担医疗费用的宠物提供医疗服务，并在街上寻找那些宠物需要帮助的无家可归者。A：frustrated"沮丧的"；B：hopeless"没有希望的"；C：homeless"无家可归的"；D：elderly " 年老的 "。根据下文"how much the unhoused owners cared for their beloved pets."那些无家可归的主人有多关心他们心爱的宠物可知，是为无家可归者的宠物提供医疗服务。故选C。
30．句意：他立刻被这些无家可归的主人对他们心爱的宠物的照顾程度所震惊。A：bothered"打扰"；B：amused"使开心"；C：alarmed"使不安，使恐慌"；D：struck " 袭击，引起（强烈情感）"。根据空后"how much the unhoused owners cared for their beloved pets."可知，此处指无家可归者对自己宠物的照顾程度让索尔震惊。故选D。
31．句意：他还发现，许多宠物主人都想和别人分享他们的狗的故事。A：repeat"重复"；B：share "分享"；C：extend"延长，伸出"；D：connect " 联系 "。根据空后"stories about their dogs with others."可知，此处指和他人分享自己狗狗狗的故事。故选B。
32．句意：在他们的允许下， Salk 的兄弟伊恩开始记录一些工作和个人故事，以提高人们对动物福利的认识。A：admission"录取"；B：ambition"抱负"；C：permission"许可"；D：invitation " 邀请 "。根据上文"He also found many pet owners wanted to 11 stories about their dogs with others."他还发现，许多宠物主人都想和别人分享他们的狗的故事。可知，很多无家可归者想要分享自己宠物的故事，于是在得到他们的许可后， Salk 的弟弟准备做一些事情。故选C。
33．句意：在他们的允许下， Salk 的兄弟伊恩开始记录一些工作和个人故事，以提高人们对动物福利的认识。A：documenting"记录"；B：analyzing"分析"；C：assessing"评估"；D：revising "修正 "。根据空后"the work and personal stories"可知，是记录一些工作和个人故事。故选A。
34．句意：他的哥哥鼓励他在网上传播这个消息，很快就有更多志同道合的志愿者加入进来。A：create "创造"；B：search"搜寻"；C：clarify"澄清"；D：spread" 传播 "。根据空后"the news online and soon more like-minded volunteers jumped on board."可知， Salk 鼓励弟弟在网上传播消息。故选D。
35．句意：自从他开始，索尔克和他的团队已经为数千只动物提供了治疗。A：treatment"治疗"；B：friendship"友谊"；C：company"陪伴"；D：nutrition " 营养 "。根据上文"provide medical care for pets whose owners couldn't afford it"为主人负担不起的宠物提供医疗服务，可知，是给数千只动物提供了治疗。故选A。
【答案】36．it；37．were introduced；38．experiments；39．which；40．comparison；41．better；42．a；43．incredibly；44．to；45．to be transported
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，中国研究人员发现通过向类月壤中引入特殊细菌可显著提升磷含量，使植物在模拟月壤中生长更佳，为月球农业发展提供新途径。该技术有望降低月球长期驻留的物资运输成本，通过原位植物栽培系统满足人类食物和氧气需求，较其他无土栽培方案更具经济可行性。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及代词，时态语态，名词，定语从句，形容词，副词，介词，非谓语动词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：最近，中国的研究人员发现了一种使土壤肥沃的新方法，使得人类在月球上发展农业成为可能。此处为"make+it+adj.+for sb. to do sth."结构，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填it。
37．句意：在九月，特殊的细菌被引入到土壤中，结果他们发现磷，一种对植物很重要的营养物质，增加了。 introduce "介绍"，是谓语动词，根据时间状语In September可知，应用一般过去时，主语special bacteria与动词introduce之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数形式，be动词用were。故填were introduced。
38．句意：到 2024 年 10 月底，研究人员已经进行了大量的实验，最终他们成功了。 experiment "试验"，名词。根据空前的numerous可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式。故填experiments。
39．句意：他们种植了一种与烟草植物有关的植物，并使用了来自吉林省长白山的火山土壤，这种土壤与月球土壤相似。 is similar to lunar soil 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为volcanic soil，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
40．句意：相比之下，用细菌处理过的土壤里培育的植物比没有用细菌处理的土壤里培育的植物长得更好。 compare "比较"，动词。根据空前介词By可知，此处应用名词作宾语，compare的名词为comparison，"比较"，by comparison固定短语，"通过比较，相比之下"，故填comparison。
41．句意：相比之下，用细菌处理过的土壤里培育的植物比没有用细菌处理的土壤里培育的植物长得更好。 well "好"，副词。根据空后than可知，此处应用副词well的比较级better，修饰动词grew。故填better。
42．句意：这项研究的一位共同作者夏一桐说，给月球上的人运送食物、氧气和水将会极其昂贵。co-author是可数名词，此处表示"一位共同作者"，表泛指，且co-author发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
43．句意：这项研究的一位共同作者夏一桐说，给月球上的人运送食物、氧气和水将会极其昂贵。 incredible "难以置信的"，形容词。此处修饰形容词expensive，应用其副词incredibly"极其，难以置信地"，作状语，故填incredibly。
44．句意：他补充说："月球上的植物栽培系统将满足人类长期的食物和氧气需求，从而为月球上的人类生活做出贡献。"contribute to，固定短语，"为……做出贡献"，故填to。
45．句意：其他在月球上种植食物而不需要土壤的计划成本更高，因为它们需要将从地球上运输的材料。 transport "运输"，动词&名词。结合固定短语require... to do sth."需要……做某事"，且materials与transport之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动形式to be done。故填to be transported。
46．【答案】 Getting Close to Artificial Intelligence
With the aim of sparking our enthusiasm for science, our school launched a meaningful activity themed "Getting Close to Artificial Intelligence" in the Science and Technology Museum last Sunday.
Initially, the guide there gave us a brief introduction about the development of AI technology. Following this, we observed various AI exhibits such as the smart home devices, driverless vehicles and so on. Especially impressive was the interactive section where we chatted with AI robots and even played games with them.
It was such a rewarding experience, not only enabling us to get a deep insight into AI technology but also planting a seed of science in everyone's heart.
【知识点】命题作文；提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 为校英文报写篇报道 。写作背景： 上周日你校组织学生参加了在科技馆举办的"走进人工智能"活动。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 时间和地点；2. 活动内容；3. 活动意义。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：With the aim of sparking our enthusiasm for science, our school launched a meaningful activity themed "Getting Close to Artificial Intelligence" in the Science and Technology Museum last Sunday.运用了过去分词作后置定语；Following this, we observed various AI exhibits such as the smart home devices, driverless vehicles and so on. 运用了现在分词作状语；Especially impressive was the interactive section where we chatted with AI robots and even played games with them.运用了倒装句，限制性定语从句；It was such a rewarding experience, not only enabling us to get a deep insight into AI technology but also planting a seed of science in everyone's heart.运用了现在分词作状语。
47．【答案】范文
Suddenly, a car appeared in the distance, but when I waved, it sped past. More cars passed and my hopes dashed. "I have to go to the middle of the road," I decided, feeling it was my only option. Seeing me step into the road, the deer formed a protective circle around me, their warmth offering solace. When a truck approached, I waved my hand desperately. To my relief, it slowed and stopped. The driver stared in disbelief at the scene before him. "Please," I pleaded, "I need to get to the hospital. I think I had a stroke." He hesitated but quickly jumped out to help me into the passenger seat, cautiously eyeing the deer.
As the driver drove off, the deer finally stepped away from the road. I felt a wave of gratitude. "Thank you, God, for these beautiful creatures watching over me," I prayed. At the hospital, tests confirmed I had indeed suffered a stroke. The doctor reassured me, saying, "You're lucky you got here as quickly as you did. If you'd waited, it could have been much worse." I realized how fortunate I was-both for the swift help I received and for the angelic presence of the deer that had guided me when I was in need.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，本文讲述了作者是一名护士，帮助了一只名叫Scarbelly的鹿。某天作者早上感到身体不适，出现了中风的症状。这时Scarbelly出现了，并且在作者去求助的路上一直帮助作者。最终作者被路过的司机发现，送往了医院，多亏了Scarbelly，作者最终得救。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"突然，远处出现了一辆汽车，但当我挥手时，它飞驰而过。"可知，第一段可描写作者在路边求助，Scarbelly提供帮助的经过。②由第二段首句内容"当司机开车离开时，鹿终于离开了道路"可知，第二段可描写作者被司机发现，送往医院最终得救。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】该续写与原文情节紧密相连，从作者试图拦车求助到最终得到帮助，再到对鹿群的感激和生命的感悟，整个故事流畅自然，逻辑清晰。作者通过细腻的心理描写和动作描写，生动地展现了在困境中的绝望、求生的渴望以及得到帮助后的感激之情，使读者能够深刻感受到作者的情感变化。续写中增加了对鹿群行为的描写，如它们形成保护圈、默默守护等，这些细节不仅丰富了故事内容，也突出了鹿群在作者求救过程中的重要作用，增强了故事的感染力。 作者运用了丰富的词汇和句式，使文章语言生动、形象，如"My heart sank"、"Desperation gripped me"等表达，增强了文章的感染力和可读性。文中有一些好的句子，例如： When a truck approached, I waved my hand desperately.运用了when引导时间状语从句； If you'd waited, it could have been much worse. 运用了if引导条件状语从句。
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