初中英语语法复习之英语句子成分及句子结构课件(共79张PPT)

(共79张PPT)
英语句子八大成分和八大基本句型
八大句子成分
什么是句子成分？
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分有哪些？
宾
主
谓
定
表
同位
状
补
S 表示 “主语（subject）”
V 表示 “谓语（verb）”
O 表示 “宾语（object）”
P 表示 “表语（predicative）”
A 表示 “状语（adverbial）”
IO 表示 “间接宾语（indirect object）”
DO 表示 “直接宾语（direct object）”
OC 表示 “宾语补足语（object complement）”
为什么说高二还是提升期和突破期呢？原因很简单，我想大家也知道，高考的数学压轴题圆锥曲线或者导数，以及物理的压轴题电磁感应都是出现在高二的课本上，压轴题的处理，直接关系到高考的成败，对于成绩中等偏上的同学，高二学科知识难度深度加大，对学生的恩考力，学习力要求更高。高二一年的学习绝对是提升自我，与别人拉开距离的黄金时期。
主谓是基础
定状补表宾打辅助
主宾来自名代数
动词作谓不可无！
来一波小总结，赶紧记
句子八大成分
1、什么是主语(Subject-S)？
主语是句子的主体，表示句子陈述的人和物或动作的发出者
最上面面包 = 主语（谁/啥？）
中间的肉饼 = 动词（干啥了？）
下面的面包 = 对象（对谁/啥？）
I am the head of the family.
Seeing is believing.
To say is one thing, and to do is another.
Two in distress makes the sorrow less.
What he said impressed me a lot.
The sun rises in the east.
代词
动名词
不定式
数词
从句
（一）主语：放句首
名词
一、圈出句中的主语。
1. American country music has become more and more popular.
2. We often speak English in class.
3. One-third of the students are girls.
4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5. Smoking does harm to the health.
6. The rich should help the poor.
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
8.It is necessary to study hard.
原始人没有语言如何交流？
动作很重要，因为能够传递重要信息。
2、什么是谓语(Verb-V）？
谓语是主语的动作或状态，主语之后，
动词来充当，分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
1
2
3
后宫皇后是句子谓语，凤仪万千，有且只有一个
谓语
简单谓语
实义动词
动词短语
复合谓语
助动词＋实义动词
情态动词＋实义动词
系动词＋表语
及物动词 vt.
不及物动词 vi.
拓展：谓语
简单谓语动词: 由实义动词或实义动词词组充当。
I saw him yesterday.
I look after my baby daughter.
复合谓语动词：主要包括三种：情态动词+动词原形、助动词+动词的某种形式、系动词+表语
I can speak English well.（情+动）
I am writing now. （助+动）
Tom has gone to Beijing.（助+动）
My baby daughter is cute. （系+表）
The cake tastes good.（系+表）
（二）谓语：主语之后。由动词担任
实义动词 (行为动词)：
具有明确的动作和意义。分及物动词和不及物动词
不及物不接宾语，及物动词接宾语
I know you.
She cried.
二、圈出句中的谓语。
1.Jess can finish her homework by herself.
2.My teacher kept the whole class quiet.
3.The tall man sat in front of me .
4.My favorite ice cream is on sale at the store.
5.The lady called my name.
6.Ellen and Sue are working on their project.
二、圈出句中的谓语。
7.The birds kept me awake all night.
8.New people moved in next door to me.
9.My sister won first prize on her project.
10.My father bought me a new bike.
11.I have learned three thousand words so far.
12.I met Jan at dance class yesterday.
2、什么是宾语(O）？
宾语即动作的对象，表示动作的承受者，位于及物动词或介词后面，即：动宾/介宾。
1
2
3
宾语就是句子里的“冤种小弟”——专门接主语和谓语甩来的锅！
Lily needs our help.
I saw her last month.
I want three.
We should help the poor.
She likes drawing.
You must learn to look after yourself.
I think that he is an honest boy.
名词
代词
不定式
数词
从句
（三）宾语：谓语后
名词化名词
动名词
三、圈出句中的宾语。
1.They went to see a show yesterday.
2.The heavy rain stopped me.
3.I have five dictionaries.
4.They helped the old yesterday.
5.I enjoy listening to popular music.
6.I think（that）he is fit for his office.
7.My mum made me a pizza.
宾语是动作的对象，表示动作的承受者
宾语的形式：
①I hit him.
②I make her a cake.
单宾语: 动词后只有一个对象
双宾语: 动词后有两个对象
直接宾语（DO）
间接宾语（IO）
宾语
宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。
1. My father bought me a bike.
2. He played us some light music.
3. My mom cook a good breakfast for me.
宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语
物或事，指动作的承受者或结果
人或动物，表示动作是对谁的或为谁做的
找出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语
间接宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
四、分辨句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。
1.Lend me your dictionary, please.
2.Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
3.The old man always tells stories to the children in March .
4.My friend usually writes letters to me.
5.Millie shows me a picture.
4.什么是表语（Predicative-P）？
表语位于系动词之后，表示主语的特征、性质或状态。
类别 例词 例句
状态系动词 be (am, is, are, was, were) His family life is different from mine.
持续系动词 keep, remain, stay He always keeps silent at meetings.
表象系动词 appear, seem He seems very sad.
感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste, look This kind of cloth feels soft.
变化系动词 become, get, go, grow, turn She grew rich after that.
终止系动词 prove, turn out The rumor proved false.
常见系动词口诀
am
is
are
look
feel
smell
taste
sound
seem
appear
become
turn
get
grow
go
keep
stay
remain
表语位于系动词之后，表示主语的特征、性质或状态。
1
He is a handsome boy.
2
This watch is hers.
3
He was the first to leave.
4
I feel free in the countryside.
名词短语
代词
数词
形容词
4.什么是表语（Predicative-P）？
5
Don’t come to see me when I am at work.
6
My hobby is painting.
7
My wish is to become an artist.
8
介词短语
动名词
动词不定式
从句
表语位于系动词之后，表示主语的特征、性质或状态。
The question is whether he will come.
4.什么是表语（Predicative-P）？
五、圈出句中的表语。
1.Our teacher of English is an American.
2.Is it yours
3.The weather has turned cold.
4.The speech is exciting.
5.Three times seven is twenty one
6.His job is to teach English.
7.His hobby is playing football.
8.The machine must be out of order.
9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.
修饰限定，就像放大镜，使一个词区别与其他同类事物。清晰地看到名词和代词的细节
比如:
the tall building(那座高楼)
tall 就像放大镜，让我们一眼就看出这座楼的特点-高。
my favorite teacher(我最喜欢的老师)
favorite 就像放大镜,让我们知道这位老师在“我”心中的特殊地位。
没有定语，名词就像一张模糊的照片，我们只能看到大概，却看不清细节。
5.什么是定语（Attribute）？
1
There are many apple trees in the village.
2
My father goes to work by bus.
3
The teacher gave the students eight pears.
4
名词
代词
数词
动名词
5.什么是定语（Attribute）？
修饰名词或不定代词，起限定作用。分为前置定语和后置定语。
Put the child in the sleeping bag.
定语+所修饰的名词
1. She is a beautiful girl.
2. The woman in red is my mother.
3. English is a useful tool.
定语的分类：
前置定语
后置定语
找出下列句子的前置定语和后置定语。
后置定语
前置定语
定语
修饰限定名词或代词，即修饰主语/宾语/表语/宾补
放在被修饰词前面
放在被修饰词后面
前置定语
找到下面句子中的定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel factory.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you know betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
His spoken language is good.
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(过去分词)
(定语从句)
六、圈出句中的定语。
1.People there are very friendly.
2.He didn’t like the man downstairs.
3.The next man is a teacher.
4.The man next to me is a teacher.
5.The boy under the tree is Tom.
6.I have something to say.
六、圈出句中的定语。
7.Guilin is a beautiful city.
8.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
9. Our monitor is always the first.
10.The teaching plan has been worked out.
11. He is reading an article about how to learn English.
12.The boy crying over there is my brother.

13. The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
14.There are 54 students in our class.
15.He bought some sleeping pills.
16.His spoken language is good.
六、圈出句中的定语。
状语是啥？--来自妈妈的灵魂拷问
1. 干啥了？（打架了）
2. 在哪（打架）？
3. 啥时候（打架）？
4. 为什么要（打架）？
5.啥程度（打伤打残还是打死了？）
I fought with Peter fiercely this morning
in the classroom because he called an idiot.me
6.什么是状语？
状语
想象一下，一句话是一道菜，状语就是调味料!它告诉你:
什么时候(时间): 昨天、现在、明天
在哪里(地点): 在家、在公园、在月球
为什么(原因): 因为饿了、因为开心
怎么样(方式): 快速地、安静地、开心地
比如:
l ate pizza yesterday.(昨天是时间状语,告诉你“什么时候”吃的)
She sings happily. (happily是方式状语,告诉你“怎么样”唱的)
英语里的状语:一句话的“ 调味料”
没有状语，句子就像没加盐的菜,能吃饱,但不够香!
1
James answered the question quickly.
2
Let’s play volleyball in the school playground.
3
We should save water to protect the earth.
4
When I was young,I often went to the park with my mum.
副词
介词短语
不定式
从句
6.什么是状语（Adverbial）？
修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，说明时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、目的、方式等
状语的分类
时间 David met his old friend yesterday.
地点 Mike met his old friend on the street.
条件 I will visit my grandparents if they are at home.
目的 I study hard to find a good job.
程度 Linda works very hard.
原因 He succeeded by hard work.
结果 The stone is too heavy to lift.
让步 With all his efforts, he lost the game.
方式 I watched the game on television.
伴随 She said goodbye with tears.
比较 The youth of today are better off than we used to be.
方面 I do well in English grammar.
七、圈出句中的状语。
1. He runs very slowly.
2.How about meeting again at six
3.She didnt go to the party because of the rain.
4.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
5.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
七、圈出句中的状语。
6.He has learned English for ten years.
7. I must work harder to catch up with the others.
8.Let’s meet at the school gate.
9.To protect the earth,we should save water.
10.They stayed at home.
找出状语，并判断状语类型
How about meeting again at six
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
（时间）
（原因）
（条件）
（地点）
（方式）
（伴随）
（目的）
（结果）
（让步）
（比较）
1
We call the parrot Polly.
2
We must keep the classroom clean every day.
3
I asked him to help me.
4
Please keep the dog out.
名词
形容词
不定式
副词
7.什么是宾语补足语（Object Complement-OC)？
用来补充说明宾语
拓展一
如何区分定状补？
定语和状语
补语
句子必要成分，否则句意不完整。
句中只做修饰，不影响句意表达。
They painted the wall pink.
A dog walks slowly on a pink wall.
八、圈出句中的宾语补足语。
1.She always keeps her room clean.
2.John wants his brother to stay.
3.We elected him monitor.
4.The news made them happy.
5.We consider him a kind man.
6.She found the room empty.
7.We must keep the door open.
8.This video made me sad.
拓展二
同位语
解释或补充说明前面名词/代词的情况；是对前面名/代词内容的具体化展现。同位语，顾名思义，和前面名词或代词在语法上处于相同的地位和层级，一般放在主语、宾语或表语之后。
类别 例句
(1)名词作同位语 I am your English teacher, Ms. Tang.
(2)代词作同位语 We all love you.
(3)数词作同位语 Are you three ready to start out
(4)从句作同位语 The news that our team has won the match is true.
拓展二
找出同位语
1. We young people should respect the old.
2. He himself will do the experiment.
3. He is the oldest among them four.
4. He told me the news that our team won the game.
5. We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an American.
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
定语
主语
谓语
间接宾语
定语
状语
状语
综合练习 1-指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分。
宾语
谓语
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is going to visit Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
表语
定语
状语
宾语
主语
谓语
主语
谓语
表语
11. He wanted to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say
15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.
谓语
状语
宾语
真正宾语
形式宾语
定语
宾语
主语
宾补
16. Would you please tell me your address
17. He sat there.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean.
19. He saw a man dancing.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
间接宾语
状语
直接宾语
形式主语
表语
宾补
表语
八大句子基本句型
主谓 (SV)
01
谓语动词通常是不及物动词，不需宾语就能把意思说明白。
华妃娘娘 驾到
Consort Hua arrives.
主语
谓语
主谓 (SV)
01
皇上 驾崩了
The Emperor died.
主语
谓语
主谓 (SV)
01
甄嬛 回宫
Zhen Huan returns
主语
谓语
主谓+状语 (SVA)
02
在主谓的基础上加上时间、地点、原因、条件、方式等。
状语
甄嬛 缓缓 跪下
Zhen Huan knelt slowly.
状语
主语
谓语
主谓+状语 (SVA)
02
太后 冷冷地说
She spoke coldly.
谓语
主语
状语
主谓+状语 (SVA)
02
安陵容 在房间 唱歌。
An Lingrong sings in her room.
主语
谓语
地点
状语
主谓宾 (SVO)
03
谓语动词是及物动词，必须带宾语，
才能把话说明白。
皇后 杀了 皇后
The empress killed the empress
谓语
宾语
主语
主谓宾 (SVO)
03
安陵容 背叛 甄嬛
An Lingrong betrayed Zhen Huan.
谓语
宾语
主语
主谓宾 (SVO)
03
华妃 恨 甄嬛
Consort Hua hates Zhen Huan.
谓语
宾语
主语
主谓宾+状语 (SVOA)
04
在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等信息。
状语
华妃 在翊坤宫 骂 人
Consort Hua scolds people in Yikun Palace.
主语
谓语
宾语
地点状语
主谓宾+状语 (SVOA)
04
皇上 生气地 摔了 奏折
The Emperor throws reports angrily.
主语
谓语
宾语
方式状语
主系表 (SP)
05
常见系动词：
be(am/is/are/was/were);
感官动词：smell, sound, taste, look, seem, feel, appear;
变得：become/get/grow/turn/fall;
保持：remain（仍然是），keep/stay;
2.Prince Guo looks sad
1.I am incapable.
3.Noble Lady Qi gets more annoying.
主+谓+间宾+直宾 (SV IO DO)
06
人
物
此时，谓语动词常为：
give, bring, tell, send, leave(留), pass(传递), write, take, show, teach, get(给某人弄到某物), award (授予), lend, rent(租), buy, pay, hand(递给) + sb + sth .
Su Peisheng gives the Emperor tea.
The Empress teaches them rules.
主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC)
07
有些及物动词加了宾语，但是意思还是没有说完整，此时还得
在宾语后面再加一个宾补对宾语进行补充说明。
常见带宾补的动词：
feel, find, get, have, make, leave, let, keep, call, think等。
主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC)
07
皇上 害的 世兰 好苦啊
The emperor made Shilan desperate.
主语
谓语
宾语
宾补
主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC)
07
华妃 称 甄嬛 贱人！
Consort Hua called Zhen Huan a bitch!
主语
谓语
宾语
宾补
There be …
08
该句型可以表示“某地有(存在)某物”，
或当我们不知道是谁有……时，也可用该句型
宫里没有真心。
There is no sincerity in the palace.
五种基本句子结构：
The girl comes.
主语+谓语
Step 1
The boy hugs the girl.
主语+谓语+宾语
The boy gives the girl a rose.
Step 2
Step 3
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
Step 5
The rose makes the girl happy.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
Step 4
The rose is beautiful.
主语+系动词+表语
Step 6
They are in love.
主语+系动词+表语
辨析S+V+O(主谓宾)和S+V+P(主系表)
1
Tom got angry.
2
Tom got a fish.
3
He becomes a real man.
判断下列句子是哪种句型？
S+V+P
S+V+O
S+V+P
方法
系动词被替换为be动词后，句子的语义基本不会改变。
将系动词替换成be动词，语义基本不改变的，为主系表结构。
判断下列句子是哪种句型？
辨析S+V+IO+DO(主谓双宾)和S+V+O+OC(主谓宾宾补)
方法
双宾：即两个宾语，他们之间是没有关系的；
宾补：对前面宾语的补充说明，他们之间是有关系的。
1
We must keep the door locked.
2
I think my brother a clever boy.
3
Mother made my brother a black sweater.
S+V+O+OC
S+V+O+OC
S+V+IO+DO
make sb. sth.
判断下列句子类型，在括号里填上相应的序号。
(A)S+V (B)S+V+O (C)S+V+P (D)S+V+IO+DO (E)S+V+O+OC
( ) 1. It is dangerous.
( ) 2. You must wait.
( ) 3. Amy is writing an e-mail.
( ) 4. The singer sang us another song.
( ) 5. The sun rises in the east every morning.
( ) 6. Daddy bought Simon a new dictionary.
( ) 7. Mr. Green asks me to finish the homework on time.
C
A
B
D
A
D
E
判断下列句子的结构。
1.He smiled.
2.Tim and his friends are playing football in the playground.
3.She is in good health.
4.This video made me sad.
5.All the tourists seemed happy.
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+O+OC
S+V+P
6.He gave me a book.
7.She always keeps her room clean.
8.I live in Beijing.
9.You must treat her kindly.
10.My brother has become a famous writer.
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+O+OC
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+P
判断下列句子的结构。
11.Jim stood in front of the mirror.
12.I want a cup of coffee.
13.We elected him president.
14.They stayed at home.
15.The plan sounds perfect.
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+O+OC
S+V
S+V+P
判断下列句子的结构。
16.The time passed very quickly.
17.The park lies in the center of the city.
18.He walks to school.
19.Someone left you this note.
20.She showed me her pictures.
S+V
S+V
S+V
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+IO+DO
判断下列句子的结构。
综合练习 2-判断下列句子类型，在括号里填上相应的序号。
(A)S+V (B)S+V+O (C)S+V+P (D)S+V+IO+DO (E)S+V+O+OC
( )6.I can hear him singing in the next door.
( )7. You shouldn't throw litter.
( )8. He seems happy.
( )9.I am reading an English book.
( )10. She found an article interesting.
E
B
C
B
E
综合练习 3-分析句子结构。
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you.
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
S+V+P
S+V+P
S+V+O+OC
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+O
综合练习 3-分析句子结构。
6.He asked us to sing an English song.
7. I love you,child．
8. Trees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open.
10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
S+V+O+OC
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+O+OC
S+V+IO+DO
Thanks!