中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Passage 1
If you gather all the food that’s not 1 in the U.S in a year, it would be enough to fill a skyscraper in Chicago about 44 times, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. And when these foods decay(腐烂), they 2 a powerful greenhouse gas that causes climate change. 10% of these gases are related to food waste.
But a new way to solve the problem of food waste: Dairy farmers in Massachusetts are using food waste to create electricity from food waste.
We visited Bar-Way Farm, Inc. in Deerfield, Mass. The farmer Peter Melnik 3 us how the digester(消化器) he installed next to his dairy farm worked.
Melnick said they could collect about 100 tons of food waste a day. Then all 4 of food waste are broken into pieces by the machine. He mixed the waste with the cow dung(腐烂). The mixture is cooked 5 about 105 degrees Fahrenheit. As methane(甲烷) was given out, he collected the gas 6 it rose to the top of a large red tank. Then put it into a big motor. Melnick explained it was different from other engines. The generator(发电机) created 7 electricity, enough to provide more power for his farm.
Melnick says they only use about 10 percent of 8 they make, and the rest is fed into the grid. It's enough to power about 1,500 homes. He’s able to use the liquids 9 as fertilizer(肥料) on his fields. Melnick hopes that this kind of power generation can be 10 used all over the country and even around the world.
( )1. A. eaten B. sold C. used D. wasted
( )2. A. give away B. give out C. take away D. take out
( )3. A. led B. suggested C. showed D. taught
( )4. A. kinds B. models C. parts D. shapes
( )5. A. at B. for C. in D. to
( )6. A. since B. before C. until D. when
( )7. A. few B. little C. many D. much
( )8. A. that B. those C. what D. which
( )9. A. offered B. left C. made D. produced
( )10. A. easily B. rapidly C. widely D. really
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新的发电方式--食物垃圾发电。
【答 案】1～5 ABCAA 6～10 DDCBC
【解 析】
1. A 考查动词。根据本段结尾提到的food waste(食物垃圾)，再联系选项即可推断出：此处说的是没被“吃”完的食物。故选A。
2. B 考查动词短语辨析。give away意为“泄露”，give out 意为“释放”，take away意为“带走”，take out意为“取出”。根据空后的a powerful greenhouse gas和科学常识可知，食物腐烂会释放出强烈的温室气体。故选B。
3. C 考查动词辨析。led意为“带领”，suggested意为“建议”，showed意为“展示”，taught意为“教”。根据空后的消化器如何工作可知，是Melnik展示他如何操作消化器工作。故选C。
4. A 考查名词。前面一句提到他们每天可以收集大约100吨的食物垃圾，说明这些食物垃圾是各种各样的。all kinds of意为“各种各样的”，符合情景和句意。故选A。
5. A 考查固定用法。空后的about 105 degrees Fahrenheit意为“大约华氏105度”，温度数前用介词at。故选A。
6. D 考查连词辨析。since意为“自从……”，before意为“在……之前”，until意为“直到……”，when意为“当……时候”。联系选项和常识可知，此处说的是当甲烷上升到大罐顶时收集，说明“上升”和“收集”两个动作先后发生，应用连词when。故选D。
7. D 考查形容词。根据空后的“足以为他的农场提供更多的电能”可推断出发电机发电很多。electricity是不可数名词，应用much。故选D。
8. C 考查固定用法。下一分句提到其余的被送入电网，由此可知此处说的是他们只使用了他们生产的电能的10%，“……的”用what引导。故选C。
9. B 考查过去分词。联系选项和常识可知，处理食物垃圾会遗留下液体。left意为“遗留下的；剩下的”，符合情景和句意。故选D。
10. C 考查副词辨析。easily意为“简单地”，rapidly意为“快速地”，widely意为“广泛地”，truely意为“真正地”。利用食物垃圾发电环保节能，所以Melnik希望这种发电方式在全球广泛应用。故选C。
Passage 2
The computer is fast, and never 1 a mistake, while sometimes people are too slow, and full of mistakes sometimes. That’s 2 people often say when they talk about computers. For over a quarter of a century, scientists have been making better and better computers. Now a computer can 3 a lot of everyday jobs wonderfully. It is 4 used in factories, hospitals, school, post offices and airports. A computer can report, decide and control in almost 5 field. Many computer scientists are thinking of making the computer “think” like a man. With the help of a person, a computer can 6 pictures, write music, talk with people, play chess, recognize voices, 7 languages and so on. Perhaps computers will one day really think and feel. Do you think the people will be afraid when they find that the computer is too clever to listen to and 8 the people No, people will make better use of the computers in the 9 . Man is always the master of the computer. The computer works only with the help of man. It cannot 10 the place of man.
( )1. A. corrects B. knows C. makes D. misses
( )2. A. that B. what C. how D. why
( )3. A. get B. make C. have D. do
( )4. A. widely B. fluently C. quickly D. closely
( )5. A. all B. many C. each D. every
( )6. A. draw B. show C. teach D. see
( )7. A. understand B. translate C. speak D. master
( )8. A. care B. support C. serve D. like
( )9. A. day B. future C. end D. distance
( )10. A. take B. change C. keep D. leave
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了现代计算机的作用和运用，但是不能代替人类。
【答 案】1～5 CBDAD 6～10 ABCBA
【解 析】
1. C 考查动词。make a mistake是固定短语，意为“出错”，此处说的是计算机速度快且从不出错。故选C。
2. B 考查引导词。此处需要一个表语从句的引导词，并在从句中作say的宾语，代替上文的内容，表示“所……说的”，应用what。故选B。
3. D 考查动词。空后的jobs指工作或任务，此处说的是计算机能做许多日常工作，do强调的是动作过程本身。故选D。
4. A 考查副词。由空后的factories, hospitals, school, post offices and airports可知，计算机被运用的范围很广。故选A。
5. D 考查代词。空后的field是可数名词单数，排除all和many；each强调各个，而every强调全部。此处说的是一台计算机可以报告、决定和控制所有领域。故选D。
6. A 考查动词。draw pictures是常用搭配，意为“画画”。故选A。
7. B 考查动词。此处说的是计算机能翻译语言，其他几个选项不符合文意。故选B。
8. C 考查动词。人们研究和发明计算机的目的是，计算机能为人们服务。故选C。
9. D 考查名词。由No可知，本句是对前一句的否定，即人们不必要害怕计算机因为太聪明而不为人们服务；再联系后两句可知，计算机永远处于人类的操纵之下，由此可推断出人们在将来会使计算机使用得更好。故选B。
10. A 考查动词。take the place of是固定短语，意为“代替”。因为计算机永远处于人类的操纵之下，所以它不能代替人类。故选A。
Passage 3
You may give a phone call to someone every day. Phone manners are very important for kids. But what are the right 1 when the kids do them Let me tell you something about it.
When you 2 the phone, you should always say “Hello”. It’s 3 to tell strangers when you are alone at home. During talking, you don’t have to answer the questions that make you uncomfortable. It’s necessary for you to take a message and write it 4 when someone is not at home. It’s not 5 to talk to someone on the phone when you are chewing gum. Don’t 6 suddenly. If you have to get off the phone quickly, you should 7 yourself and tell the person you will call them back as soon as you can. Also, you should say “Goodbye.” If someone 8 the wrong number, you should tell them nicely and tell them “It’s OK”. If you have a cold, you should 9 the phone receiver (话筒) after you use it. Please never hang up 10 saying “Good Bye”. It’s also unfit to chat too long when someone are waiting to phone.
( )1. A. answers B. roads C. ways D. orders
( )2. A. use B. answer C. get D. call
( )3. A. dangerous B. necessary C. important D. friendly
( )4. A. on B. about C. to D. down
( )5. A. fair B. polite C. kind D. honest
( )6. A. hang on B. hang in C. hang up D. hang out
( )7. A. excuse B. stop C. prevent D. disturb
( )8. A. was dialing B. is dialing C. has dialed D. will dial
( )9. A. wash B. clean C. sweep D. wipe
( )10. A. with B. without C. after D. by
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电话礼仪的重要性，以及在打电话时应该注意的细节。
【答 案】1～5 CBADB 6～10 CACDB
【解 析】
1. C 上一句提到电话礼仪对青少年来说很重要，由此可知作者此处询问的是接打电话的正确“方式”。故选C。
2. B answer the phone是固定搭配，意为“接电话”。故选B。
3. A 由常理可知，当青少年们告诉陌生人独自一人在家是很危险的。故选A。
4. D it代指a message，此处表示“记下”口信，write down是固定短语，意为“写下；记下”，符合文意。故选D。
5. B 由常理可知，通话时咀嚼口香糖是不礼貌的。故选B。
6. C 下一句提到了如果你不得不很快放下电话……你也要尽快给别人回话。由此可知此处强调的是你不要突然挂断电话。hang up意为“挂断（电话）”，符合文意。故选C。
7. A 因为突然挂断电话不礼貌，所以你应该为自己“辩解”，再尽快给别人回话。故选A。
8. C dial这个动作在空后的两个tell前已经完成，表示别人已经拨错了号码，应用现在完成时。故选C。
9. D 如果你感冒了，在用过电话后应该把话筒擦干净；wipe多指用布或纸等物把东西擦净，也指擦掉某物。故选D。
10. B 由常理可知，通话完毕挂断电话时要说“再见。”without意为“没有”，在此和后面的动词短语构成伴随状语。故选B。
Passage 4
The women’s marathon at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and all the race walks have been 1 . But in October, a controversial(有争议的) decision was made by Tokyo organizers to move the events 2 the capital 800 kilometers north to the city of Sapporo. They said temperatures in Tokyo, the host city of the Olympic Games, are often over 30 degrees Celsius in July and August, which can cause discomfort for athletes. It 3 the organizers of the Olympic Games.
Tokyo 2020 organizers announced the rescheduling(重新安排) on Wednesday, following discussions with the International Olympic Committee and World Athletics, to 4 the burden(负担) on National Olympic Committees and athletes traveling to northern Japan. It means that 5 the marathon and race walk events are scheduled to be held from August 6 to 9, with the men's marathon remaining on the final day of the Games by tradition.
The IOC's Athletes' Commission chair, Kirsty Coventry, said health and well-being have 6 been our top concerns(关注点), and the decision to move the marathon and race walk events to Sapporo shows that we are very 7 about it. So the October decision was not accepted by the Olympic organizers, who had already done a lot of planning for the events, including a series of cooling measures(措施) for the athletes. The Tokyo governor reluctantly(不情愿地) 8 the decision.
Tokyo temperatures in July and August, 9 the city will host the Games, it is over 30 ℃ with high temperature adding to the discomfort. When Tokyo hosted the Summer Olympics in 1964, they were held in October－a 10 no longer possible due to international sports schedules. Next year's Games runs from July 24 to August 9.
( )1. A. decided B. set C. planned D. chosen
( )2. A. far away B. next to C. pass by D. out of
( )3. A. moved B. shocked C. surprised D. worried
( )4. A. break B. end C. reduce D. take
( )5. A. all B. some C. many D. most
( )6. A. always B. often C. sometimes D. usually
( )7. A. active B. careful C. confident D. serious
( )8. A. agreed to B. believed in C. care for D. gave up
( )9. A. if B. though C. when D. since
( )10. A. chance B. choice C. competition D. control
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙，主要记叙了国际奥运会否决东京奥运组织者更改2020年奥运比赛地点的决定，并说明了相关理由。
【答 案】1～5 CDBCA 6～10 ADACB
【解 析】
1. C 考查过去分词。decided意为“决定”，set意为“设置”，planned意为“安排”，chosen意为“选择”。下一句提到东京组织者决定将这些赛事从Tokyo移到Sapporo。由此可衬托出东京2020年奥运会的所有竞走赛事都已经精心安排好了。故选C。
2. D 考查介词短语。由一个有争议的决定可推断出是将赛事从Tokyo移出到Sapporo。“从……移出”表示为move out of...”。故选D。
3. B 考查动词辨析。moved为“使感动”，shocked意为“使震惊”，surprised意为“使惊奇”，worried意为“使担忧”。众所周知，奥运会赛事安排是无权由除奥委会之外的任何组织随意更改的，否则这种罕见的行为足以让人“震惊”。故选B。
4. C 考查动词辨析。break意为“打破”，end意为“结束”，reduce意为“减轻”，take意为“带走”。联系空后的burden可知，此处是双方讨论重新安排行程以减轻各国奥委会和前往日本北部的运动员的负担。故选C。
5. A 考查形容词。由第一段的东京组织者决定将这些赛事从Tokyo移到Sapporo可知，东京组织者决定的和奥运会安排的赛事都是所有马拉松和竞走赛事。all意为“所有的；全部的”，符合情景和句意。故选A。
6. A 考查副词。健康和安乐，尤其是健康对运动员来说是最重要的，所以Kirsty Coventry说的是“一直是我们最关心的问题”。always意为“总是；一直”，符合情景和句意。故选A。
7. D 考查形容词辨析。active意为“积极的”，careful意为“细心的”，confident意为“有信心的”，serious意为“严肃的”。由常识可知更改奥运会比赛地点是不允许和不被认可的，所以国际奥委会对此事是严肃认真的。serious about意为“认真于”，符合情景和句意。故选D。
8. A 考查动词短语辨析。agreed to意为“同意”，believed in意为“相信”，cared for意为“关心”gave up意为“放弃”。国际奥委会不赞成东京组织者的决定，并且已经为比赛做了很多计划，包括一系列降温措施，在这种情况下东京都知事只能勉强同意这一决定。故选A。
9. C 考查连词辨析。if意为“如果”，though意为“虽然”，when意为“当……时候”，since意为“自从……”。东京2020年奥运会安排在7、8月，30℃以上高温正是在比赛进行的时候。when意为“当……时候”，符合逻辑和句意。故选C。
10. B 考查名词辨析。chance意为“机会”，choice意为“选择”，competition意为“竞争”control意为“控制”。空后提到由于国际体育日程的安排，说明选择更改已固定的日程安排已是不可能了。故选B。
Passage 5
It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. We all 1 to know the art of apology. Think how often you’ve done wrong. Then count how many 2 you’ve expressed clearly you were sorry. You can’t go to bed with an easy mind if you do nothing about it.
A doctor friend, Mr Lied, 3 me about a man who came to him with different kinds of signs: headaches, heart 4 and insomnia(失眠). After some careful exams, Mr Lied found nothing 5 with him and said, “If you don’t tell me what’s worrying you, I can’t help you.” The man admitted he was cheating his brother of his inheritance(遗产). Then and there the clever doctor 6 the man write to his brother and 7 his money. As soon as the letter
8 into the post box, the man suddenly cried. “Thank you,” he said to the doctor. “I think I’ve got 9 .”
An apology can not only save a broken relationship but also make it stronger. If you think of someone who should be 10 an apology from you, do something about it right now.
( )1. A. decide B. require C. need D. try
( )2. A. mistakes B. people C. ways D. times
( )3. A. told B. said C. talked D. spoke
( )4. A. trouble B. matter C. difficulty D. problem
( )5. A. right B. wrong C. good D. serous
( )6. A. made B. helped C. ordered D. let
( )7. A. got B. have C. kept D. returned
( )8. A. will put B. would put C. was put D. is put
( )9. A. well B. better C. bad D. worse
( )10. A. given B. borrowed C. known D. forgotten
【文章大意】本文讲述了道歉不是一件容易的事，作者通过一个故事给我们讲述了道歉的艺术。
【答 案】1～5 CDAAB 6～10 DDCAA
【解 析】
1. C 考查动词。短文开头第一句提到，承认错误决非易事，由此可推断人们有必要了解道歉这门艺术，故选C。
2. D 考查名词。承认错误决非易事，道歉更是一门艺术，此时作者是建议读者计算一下有过多少次是能清楚地表达自己的歉意的，此处用times表示次数，故选D。
3. A 考查动词。tell sb about sb/ sth是固定短语，意为“告诉某人有关某人或某事的情况”，故选A。
4. A 考查名词。trouble含有“疾病；不适；疼痛”之意，此处表示心脏有毛病，heart trouble是固定词组，意为“心脏病”，故选A。
5. B 考查形容词。下文提到这位男士担忧的是骗了兄弟的遗产，其实他生理上没有任何问题，nothing wrong with sb意为“某人没什么问题”。故选B。
6. D 考查动词。结合句意，这位聪明的医生让这位男士写信给他兄弟……，因此用let sb do sth符合句意；made和ordered具有强制性的意思，不符合常理和语境，help也不符合常理，故选D。
7. D 考查动词。上文提到这位男士骗了兄弟的遗产，只有还了他所欠的钱才能治好他的心病，故选D。
8. C 考查时态。空格前的the letter与选项中的put是被动关系，这个故事叙述用的是一般过去时，故选C。
9. A 考查形容词。这位男士其实没有病，所以在解决了心理问题后，他一下子觉得好了，而不是变坏，且文中并没比较之意，因此也不是更好或更坏，故选A。
10. A 考查动词。give sb an apology是固定搭配，意为“向某人道歉”，故选A。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Passage 1
If you gather all the food that’s not 1 in the U.S in a year, it would be enough to fill a skyscraper in Chicago about 44 times, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. And when these foods decay(腐烂), they 2 a powerful greenhouse gas that causes climate change. 10% of these gases are related to food waste.
But a new way to solve the problem of food waste: Dairy farmers in Massachusetts are using food waste to create electricity from food waste.
We visited Bar-Way Farm, Inc. in Deerfield, Mass. The farmer Peter Melnik 3 us how the digester(消化器) he installed next to his dairy farm worked.
Melnick said they could collect about 100 tons of food waste a day. Then all 4 of food waste are broken into pieces by the machine. He mixed the waste with the cow dung(腐烂). The mixture is cooked 5 about 105 degrees Fahrenheit. As methane(甲烷) was given out, he collected the gas 6 it rose to the top of a large red tank. Then put it into a big motor. Melnick explained it was different from other engines. The generator(发电机) created 7 electricity, enough to provide more power for his farm.
Melnick says they only use about 10 percent of 8 they make, and the rest is fed into the grid. It's enough to power about 1,500 homes. He’s able to use the liquids 9 as fertilizer(肥料) on his fields. Melnick hopes that this kind of power generation can be 10 used all over the country and even around the world.
( )1. A. eaten B. sold C. used D. wasted
( )2. A. give away B. give out C. take away D. take out
( )3. A. led B. suggested C. showed D. taught
( )4. A. kinds B. models C. parts D. shapes
( )5. A. at B. for C. in D. to
( )6. A. since B. before C. until D. when
( )7. A. few B. little C. many D. much
( )8. A. that B. those C. what D. which
( )9. A. offered B. left C. made D. produced
( )10. A. easily B. rapidly C. widely D. really
Passage 2
The computer is fast, and never 1 a mistake, while sometimes people are too slow, and full of mistakes sometimes. That’s 2 people often say when they talk about computers. For over a quarter of a century, scientists have been making better and better computers. Now a computer can 3 a lot of everyday jobs wonderfully. It is 4 used in factories, hospitals, school, post offices and airports. A computer can report, decide and control in almost 5 field. Many computer scientists are thinking of making the computer “think” like a man. With the help of a person, a computer can 6 pictures, write music, talk with people, play chess, recognize voices, 7 languages and so on. Perhaps computers will one day really think and feel. Do you think the people will be afraid when they find that the computer is too clever to listen to and 8 the people No, people will make better use of the computers in the 9 . Man is always the master of the computer. The computer works only with the help of man. It cannot 10 the place of man.
( )1. A. corrects B. knows C. makes D. misses
( )2. A. that B. what C. how D. why
( )3. A. get B. make C. have D. do
( )4. A. widely B. fluently C. quickly D. closely
( )5. A. all B. many C. each D. every
( )6. A. draw B. show C. teach D. see
( )7. A. understand B. translate C. speak D. master
( )8. A. care B. support C. serve D. like
( )9. A. day B. future C. end D. distance
( )10. A. take B. change C. keep D. leave
Passage 3
You may give a phone call to someone every day. Phone manners are very important for kids. But what are the right 1 when the kids do them Let me tell you something about it.
When you 2 the phone, you should always say “Hello”. It’s 3 to tell strangers when you are alone at home. During talking, you don’t have to answer the questions that make you uncomfortable. It’s necessary for you to take a message and write it 4 when someone is not at home. It’s not 5 to talk to someone on the phone when you are chewing gum. Don’t 6 suddenly. If you have to get off the phone quickly, you should 7 yourself and tell the person you will call them back as soon as you can. Also, you should say “Goodbye.” If someone 8 the wrong number, you should tell them nicely and tell them “It’s OK”. If you have a cold, you should 9 the phone receiver (话筒) after you use it. Please never hang up 10 saying “Good Bye”. It’s also unfit to chat too long when someone are waiting to phone.
( )1. A. answers B. roads C. ways D. orders
( )2. A. use B. answer C. get D. call
( )3. A. dangerous B. necessary C. important D. friendly
( )4. A. on B. about C. to D. down
( )5. A. fair B. polite C. kind D. honest
( )6. A. hang on B. hang in C. hang up D. hang out
( )7. A. excuse B. stop C. prevent D. disturb
( )8. A. was dialing B. is dialing C. has dialed D. will dial
( )9. A. wash B. clean C. sweep D. wipe
( )10. A. with B. without C. after D. by
Passage 4
The women’s marathon at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and all the race walks have been 1 . But in October, a controversial(有争议的) decision was made by Tokyo organizers to move the events 2 the capital 800 kilometers north to the city of Sapporo. They said temperatures in Tokyo, the host city of the Olympic Games, are often over 30 degrees Celsius in July and August, which can cause discomfort for athletes. It 3 the organizers of the Olympic Games.
Tokyo 2020 organizers announced the rescheduling(重新安排) on Wednesday, following discussions with the International Olympic Committee and World Athletics, to 4 the burden(负担) on National Olympic Committees and athletes traveling to northern Japan. It means that 5 the marathon and race walk events are scheduled to be held from August 6 to 9, with the men's marathon remaining on the final day of the Games by tradition.
The IOC's Athletes' Commission chair, Kirsty Coventry, said health and well-being have 6 been our top concerns(关注点), and the decision to move the marathon and race walk events to Sapporo shows that we are very 7 about it. So the October decision was not accepted by the Olympic organizers, who had already done a lot of planning for the events, including a series of cooling measures(措施) for the athletes. The Tokyo governor reluctantly(不情愿地) 8 the decision.
Tokyo temperatures in July and August, 9 the city will host the Games, it is over 30 ℃ with high temperature adding to the discomfort. When Tokyo hosted the Summer Olympics in 1964, they were held in October－a 10 no longer possible due to international sports schedules. Next year's Games runs from July 24 to August 9.
( )1. A. decided B. set C. planned D. chosen
( )2. A. far away B. next to C. pass by D. out of
( )3. A. moved B. shocked C. surprised D. worried
( )4. A. break B. end C. reduce D. take
( )5. A. all B. some C. many D. most
( )6. A. always B. often C. sometimes D. usually
( )7. A. active B. careful C. confident D. serious
( )8. A. agreed to B. believed in C. care for D. gave up
( )9. A. if B. though C. when D. since
( )10. A. chance B. choice C. competition D. control
Passage 5
It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. We all 1 to know the art of apology. Think how often you’ve done wrong. Then count how many 2 you’ve expressed clearly you were sorry. You can’t go to bed with an easy mind if you do nothing about it.
A doctor friend, Mr Lied, 3 me about a man who came to him with different kinds of signs: headaches, heart 4 and insomnia(失眠). After some careful exams, Mr Lied found nothing 5 with him and said, “If you don’t tell me what’s worrying you, I can’t help you.” The man admitted he was cheating his brother of his inheritance(遗产). Then and there the clever doctor 6 the man write to his brother and 7 his money. As soon as the letter
8 into the post box, the man suddenly cried. “Thank you,” he said to the doctor. “I think I’ve got 9 .”
An apology can not only save a broken relationship but also make it stronger. If you think of someone who should be 10 an apology from you, do something about it right now.
( )1. A. decide B. require C. need D. try
( )2. A. mistakes B. people C. ways D. times
( )3. A. told B. said C. talked D. spoke
( )4. A. trouble B. matter C. difficulty D. problem
( )5. A. right B. wrong C. good D. serous
( )6. A. made B. helped C. ordered D. let
( )7. A. got B. have C. kept D. returned
( )8. A. will put B. would put C. was put D. is put
( )9. A. well B. better C. bad D. worse
( )10. A. given B. borrowed C. known D. forgotten
参考答案及解析
Passage 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新的发电方式--食物垃圾发电。
【答 案】1～5 ABCAA 6～10 DDCBC
【解 析】
1. A 考查动词。根据本段结尾提到的food waste(食物垃圾)，再联系选项即可推断出：此处说的是没被“吃”完的食物。故选A。
2. B 考查动词短语辨析。give away意为“泄露”，give out 意为“释放”，take away意为“带走”，take out意为“取出”。根据空后的a powerful greenhouse gas和科学常识可知，食物腐烂会释放出强烈的温室气体。故选B。
3. C 考查动词辨析。led意为“带领”，suggested意为“建议”，showed意为“展示”，taught意为“教”。根据空后的消化器如何工作可知，是Melnik展示他如何操作消化器工作。故选C。
4. A 考查名词。前面一句提到他们每天可以收集大约100吨的食物垃圾，说明这些食物垃圾是各种各样的。all kinds of意为“各种各样的”，符合情景和句意。故选A。
5. A 考查固定用法。空后的about 105 degrees Fahrenheit意为“大约华氏105度”，温度数前用介词at。故选A。
6. D 考查连词辨析。since意为“自从……”，before意为“在……之前”，until意为“直到……”，when意为“当……时候”。联系选项和常识可知，此处说的是当甲烷上升到大罐顶时收集，说明“上升”和“收集”两个动作先后发生，应用连词when。故选D。
7. D 考查形容词。根据空后的“足以为他的农场提供更多的电能”可推断出发电机发电很多。electricity是不可数名词，应用much。故选D。
8. C 考查固定用法。下一分句提到其余的被送入电网，由此可知此处说的是他们只使用了他们生产的电能的10%，“……的”用what引导。故选C。
9. B 考查过去分词。联系选项和常识可知，处理食物垃圾会遗留下液体。left意为“遗留下的；剩下的”，符合情景和句意。故选D。
10. C 考查副词辨析。easily意为“简单地”，rapidly意为“快速地”，widely意为“广泛地”，truely意为“真正地”。利用食物垃圾发电环保节能，所以Melnik希望这种发电方式在全球广泛应用。故选C。
Passage 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了现代计算机的作用和运用，但是不能代替人类。
【答 案】1～5 CBDAD 6～10 ABCBA
【解 析】
1. C 考查动词。make a mistake是固定短语，意为“出错”，此处说的是计算机速度快且从不出错。故选C。
2. B 考查引导词。此处需要一个表语从句的引导词，并在从句中作say的宾语，代替上文的内容，表示“所……说的”，应用what。故选B。
3. D 考查动词。空后的jobs指工作或任务，此处说的是计算机能做许多日常工作，do强调的是动作过程本身。故选D。
4. A 考查副词。由空后的factories, hospitals, school, post offices and airports可知，计算机被运用的范围很广。故选A。
5. D 考查代词。空后的field是可数名词单数，排除all和many；each强调各个，而every强调全部。此处说的是一台计算机可以报告、决定和控制所有领域。故选D。
6. A 考查动词。draw pictures是常用搭配，意为“画画”。故选A。
7. B 考查动词。此处说的是计算机能翻译语言，其他几个选项不符合文意。故选B。
8. C 考查动词。人们研究和发明计算机的目的是，计算机能为人们服务。故选C。
9. D 考查名词。由No可知，本句是对前一句的否定，即人们不必要害怕计算机因为太聪明而不为人们服务；再联系后两句可知，计算机永远处于人类的操纵之下，由此可推断出人们在将来会使计算机使用得更好。故选B。
10. A 考查动词。take the place of是固定短语，意为“代替”。因为计算机永远处于人类的操纵之下，所以它不能代替人类。故选A。
Passage 3
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电话礼仪的重要性，以及在打电话时应该注意的细节。
【答 案】1～5 CBADB 6～10 CACDB
【解 析】
1. C 上一句提到电话礼仪对青少年来说很重要，由此可知作者此处询问的是接打电话的正确“方式”。故选C。
2. B answer the phone是固定搭配，意为“接电话”。故选B。
3. A 由常理可知，当青少年们告诉陌生人独自一人在家是很危险的。故选A。
4. D it代指a message，此处表示“记下”口信，write down是固定短语，意为“写下；记下”，符合文意。故选D。
5. B 由常理可知，通话时咀嚼口香糖是不礼貌的。故选B。
6. C 下一句提到了如果你不得不很快放下电话……你也要尽快给别人回话。由此可知此处强调的是你不要突然挂断电话。hang up意为“挂断（电话）”，符合文意。故选C。
7. A 因为突然挂断电话不礼貌，所以你应该为自己“辩解”，再尽快给别人回话。故选A。
8. C dial这个动作在空后的两个tell前已经完成，表示别人已经拨错了号码，应用现在完成时。故选C。
9. D 如果你感冒了，在用过电话后应该把话筒擦干净；wipe多指用布或纸等物把东西擦净，也指擦掉某物。故选D。
10. B 由常理可知，通话完毕挂断电话时要说“再见。”without意为“没有”，在此和后面的动词短语构成伴随状语。故选B。
Passage 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙，主要记叙了国际奥运会否决东京奥运组织者更改2020年奥运比赛地点的决定，并说明了相关理由。
【答 案】1～5 CDBCA 6～10 ADACB
【解 析】
1. C 考查过去分词。decided意为“决定”，set意为“设置”，planned意为“安排”，chosen意为“选择”。下一句提到东京组织者决定将这些赛事从Tokyo移到Sapporo。由此可衬托出东京2020年奥运会的所有竞走赛事都已经精心安排好了。故选C。
2. D 考查介词短语。由一个有争议的决定可推断出是将赛事从Tokyo移出到Sapporo。“从……移出”表示为move out of...”。故选D。
3. B 考查动词辨析。moved为“使感动”，shocked意为“使震惊”，surprised意为“使惊奇”，worried意为“使担忧”。众所周知，奥运会赛事安排是无权由除奥委会之外的任何组织随意更改的，否则这种罕见的行为足以让人“震惊”。故选B。
4. C 考查动词辨析。break意为“打破”，end意为“结束”，reduce意为“减轻”，take意为“带走”。联系空后的burden可知，此处是双方讨论重新安排行程以减轻各国奥委会和前往日本北部的运动员的负担。故选C。
5. A 考查形容词。由第一段的东京组织者决定将这些赛事从Tokyo移到Sapporo可知，东京组织者决定的和奥运会安排的赛事都是所有马拉松和竞走赛事。all意为“所有的；全部的”，符合情景和句意。故选A。
6. A 考查副词。健康和安乐，尤其是健康对运动员来说是最重要的，所以Kirsty Coventry说的是“一直是我们最关心的问题”。always意为“总是；一直”，符合情景和句意。故选A。
7. D 考查形容词辨析。active意为“积极的”，careful意为“细心的”，confident意为“有信心的”，serious意为“严肃的”。由常识可知更改奥运会比赛地点是不允许和不被认可的，所以国际奥委会对此事是严肃认真的。serious about意为“认真于”，符合情景和句意。故选D。
8. A 考查动词短语辨析。agreed to意为“同意”，believed in意为“相信”，cared for意为“关心”gave up意为“放弃”。国际奥委会不赞成东京组织者的决定，并且已经为比赛做了很多计划，包括一系列降温措施，在这种情况下东京都知事只能勉强同意这一决定。故选A。
9. C 考查连词辨析。if意为“如果”，though意为“虽然”，when意为“当……时候”，since意为“自从……”。东京2020年奥运会安排在7、8月，30℃以上高温正是在比赛进行的时候。when意为“当……时候”，符合逻辑和句意。故选C。
10. B 考查名词辨析。chance意为“机会”，choice意为“选择”，competition意为“竞争”control意为“控制”。空后提到由于国际体育日程的安排，说明选择更改已固定的日程安排已是不可能了。故选B。
Passage 5
【文章大意】本文讲述了道歉不是一件容易的事，作者通过一个故事给我们讲述了道歉的艺术。
【答 案】1～5 CDAAB 6～10 DDCAA
【解 析】
1. C 考查动词。短文开头第一句提到，承认错误决非易事，由此可推断人们有必要了解道歉这门艺术，故选C。
2. D 考查名词。承认错误决非易事，道歉更是一门艺术，此时作者是建议读者计算一下有过多少次是能清楚地表达自己的歉意的，此处用times表示次数，故选D。
3. A 考查动词。tell sb about sb/ sth是固定短语，意为“告诉某人有关某人或某事的情况”，故选A。
4. A 考查名词。trouble含有“疾病；不适；疼痛”之意，此处表示心脏有毛病，heart trouble是固定词组，意为“心脏病”，故选A。
5. B 考查形容词。下文提到这位男士担忧的是骗了兄弟的遗产，其实他生理上没有任何问题，nothing wrong with sb意为“某人没什么问题”。故选B。
6. D 考查动词。结合句意，这位聪明的医生让这位男士写信给他兄弟……，因此用let sb do sth符合句意；made和ordered具有强制性的意思，不符合常理和语境，help也不符合常理，故选D。
7. D 考查动词。上文提到这位男士骗了兄弟的遗产，只有还了他所欠的钱才能治好他的心病，故选D。
8. C 考查时态。空格前的the letter与选项中的put是被动关系，这个故事叙述用的是一般过去时，故选C。
9. A 考查形容词。这位男士其实没有病，所以在解决了心理问题后，他一下子觉得好了，而不是变坏，且文中并没比较之意，因此也不是更好或更坏，故选A。
10. A 考查动词。give sb an apology是固定搭配，意为“向某人道歉”，故选A。
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