Unit 1 People of achievement 杰出人物（单元阅读专项）（含解析）英语人教版（2019）选择性必修一
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| 名称 | Unit 1 People of achievement 杰出人物（单元阅读专项）（含解析）英语人教版（2019）选择性必修一 |
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| 文件大小 | 52.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-11-25 21:22:02 | ||
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Unit 1 People of achievement杰出人物
单元话题阅读精练
主题词汇积累
take up a position 担任；任职
come to power 掌权；上台
wear and tear 磨损；损耗
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺；保证
sum up 总结；概括
as a consequence / in consequence 结果；因此
be distinct from 与……截然不同
come to/draw a conclusion 得出结论
insist on 坚决要求
时文拓展阅读
Hedy Lamarr was used to being admired for her looks. As a Hollywood film star, she was called "the most beautiful woman in the world". What she was less known for was her scientific thinking ability. During World War I, Lamarr quietly co-invented the technology that would be the precursor（前身）to Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and other systems we rely on today.
She had a natural curiosity about the world around her. As young as 5, she would spend time taking apart and rebuilding her music box to understand how it worked. At 16, she got her first film role and quickly became an international icon（偶像）. As her acting career continued to take off. World War II broke out. Lamarr became restless, feeling that she should do more to contribute to the Allies' war efforts. "Lamarr said that she did not feel very comfortable, sitting there in Hollywood and making lots of money when things were in such a state," says George Antheil.
Together with Antheil, Lamarr came up with a groundbreaking new form of wireless communication known as Spread Spectrum（频谱）. The concept was to create a wireless signal that could travel quickly from frequency to frequency. But the military refused to use it in their war efforts. The technology sat unused for years, until one day in the 1960s, the military accepted it and called the system "Spread like Wildfire".
Hedy Lamarr played the role she was expected to play in Hollywood—a beautiful star on the big screen. And without her, communication could look completely different today. Lamarr's experience can serve as a reminder：Pursue your talents and passions. Not only will the world be better for it, but every pioneer who challenges the old will pave the way for others to follow.
【译文欣赏】
海蒂·拉玛习惯于因美貌而备受赞赏。作为好莱坞电影明星，她被誉为“世界上最美丽的女人”。但她鲜为人知的是其科学思维能力。在第一次世界大战期间，拉玛悄悄地与人共同发明了一项技术，这项技术成为了如今我们所依赖的蓝牙、Wi-Fi 等系统的前身。
她对周围的世界有着天生的好奇心。五岁时，她就会花时间拆解并重新组装自己的音乐盒，以了解其工作原理。16 岁时，她获得了自己的第一个电影角色，并迅速成为国际偶像。随着她的演艺事业蒸蒸日上，第二次世界大战爆发了。拉玛变得焦躁不安，觉得自己应该为盟军的战争努力做出更多贡献。“拉玛说，当局势如此紧张时，她坐在好莱坞赚大钱，感觉很不舒服。”乔治·安泰尔说道。
拉玛与安泰尔一起发明了一种开创性的新型无线通信方式，称为扩频技术。其概念是创建一种能够在不同频率间快速切换的无线信号。但军方拒绝在战争中使用它。这项技术闲置多年，直到 20 世纪 60 年代的一天，军方才接受了它，并将其命名为“野火蔓延”系统。
海蒂·拉玛在好莱坞扮演了人们期望她扮演的角色——大银幕上的美丽明星。而没有她，如今的通信可能会截然不同。拉玛的经历可以提醒我们：追求你的才能和激情。这不仅会让世界变得更美好，而且每一个挑战旧秩序的先驱都会为后来者铺平道路。
【词汇积累】
be used to 习惯于；
be known for 因……而出名；
rely on依赖；
spend… doing花费…做…
take off起飞，事业腾飞；
play the role起作用；
came up with想出；
【特殊句型】
Not only will the world be better for it, but every pioneer who challenges the old will pave the way for others to follow.
句型分析：
1. 句型结构：
这是一个 "Not only... but (also)..."（不仅……而且……）的倒装句，用于强调两个相关联的积极结果。
前半部分（倒装）： "Not only will the world be better for it"
正常语序："The world will not only be better for it."
"Not only"放在句首时，后面要用部分倒装（助动词提前），即 *"will the world be..." 而不是 "the world will be..."。
后半部分（正常语序）： "but every pioneer who challenges the old will pave the way for others to follow."
"but" 后可加 *"also"（口语中常省略），表示递进。
"who challenges the old" 是定语从句，修饰 *"every pioneer"。
"pave the way for others to follow"* 是固定表达，意为“为他人铺路/开辟道路”。
2. 核心成分：
主语： "the world"（前半句）、"every pioneer"（后半句）
谓语： "will be"（前半句）、"will pave"（后半句）
关键修饰：
"who challenges the old"（限定“先驱者”的特征）
"for others to follow"（表目的，说明“铺路”的作用）
3. 句意解析：
这句话强调：
1.挑战旧事物会让世界变得更美好（"the world will be better for it"）；
2.每一位挑战旧事物的先驱者都会为后来者开辟道路（"pave the way for others"）。
4. 类似句型（可替换表达）：
倒装强调：
"Not only does innovation drive progress, but it also inspires future generations."
非倒装形式：
"The world will not only benefit from it, but pioneers will also create paths for others."
综合实战演练
Passage 1
Fang Wenshan, known for his poetic and artistic works, often draws inspiration from ancient Chinese poetry. His lyrics (歌词), featured in Chinese-style pop songs performed by Taiwan singer Jay Chou, charm (吸引) audiences across the Taiwan Straits and regions influenced by Chinese culture.
Fang’s work has played an important role in popularizing Chinese-style pop music, earning lots of awards and contributing to Jay Chou’s albums for over half of his career. His lyrics, such as “The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,” show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry.
What’s more, he is devoted to promoting traditional culture. He expressed his willingness to share its spirits with a wider audience through various cultural factors, including Hanfu cultural festivals, tea culture experiences, and so on. He, who has hosted Hanfu cultural festivals for 12 years, believes that pop culture can give new life to traditional culture. He shares his driving force with the Global Times, stating, “What a person creates originates from his or her values. I have created a number of lyrics as I am deeply fond of the essences of traditional Chinese culture. The strong recognition of cultural identity is an important engine for me to promote the Hanfu culture through the event”.
Fang’s journey in traditional Chinese culture began during his school years in Taiwan, where he immersed himself in classical literature, particularly Song Dynasty poetry, which continues to influence his work today. He reflects: “No one told me that you have to walk along this way in your career, but I love the cultural atmosphere so I naturally found the direction”.
1．Which of the following can best describe Fang Wenshan’s lyrics
A．They are criticized for being traditional.
B．They are rarely featured in modern pop music.
C．They have played an insignificant role in Jay Chou’s albums.
D．They have contributed to the popularity of Chinese-style pop music.
2．What makes Fang outstanding in the music industry
A．His ability to explore Chinese culture. B．His ability to focus on modern themes.
C．His ability to combine the old and the new. D．His ability to create music using simple words.
3．What drives Fang Wenshan to promote Hanfu culture
A．To strengthen the recognition of cultural identity. B．To popularize Chinese-style pop music.
C．To get media attention and make great profits. D．To create more lyrics to amuse people.
4．Which of the following can best describe Fang
A．Devoted and grateful. B．Unique and creative.
C．Humorous and helpful. D．Determined and selfless.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了方文山在推广中国传统文化和中国风流行音乐方面所做的贡献。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“His lyrics, featured in Chinese-style pop songs performed by Taiwan singer Jay Chou, charm audiences across the Taiwan Straits and regions influenced by Chinese culture.(他的歌词出现在由台湾歌手周杰伦演唱的中国风流行歌曲中，吸引了台湾海峡两岸以及受中国文化影响地区的观众)”和第二段“Fang’s work has played an important role in popularizing Chinese-style pop music.(方文山的作品在推广中国风流行音乐方面发挥了重要作用)”可知，方文山的歌词为中国风流行音乐的流行做出了贡献。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“His lyrics, such as ‘The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,’ show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry.(他的歌词，如‘你如传世的青花瓷自顾自美丽’，显示了他将传统思想和现代主题结合在一起的能力，使他在音乐界脱颖而出)”可知，让方文山在音乐界脱颖而出的是他结合新旧的能力。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The strong recognition of cultural identity is an important engine for me to promote the Hanfu culture through the event.(对文化身份的强烈认同是我通过此次活动推广汉服文化的重要动力)”可知，驱使方文山推广汉服文化的是为了加强对文化认同的认识。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“His lyrics, such as ‘The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,’ show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry.(他的歌词，如‘你如传世的青花瓷自顾自美丽’，显示了他将传统思想和现代主题结合在一起的能力，使他在音乐界脱颖而出)”可知，方文山是一个独特且有创造力的人。故选B。
Passage 2
A famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation. ”But XuYuanchong, well-known Chinese translator, had tried to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life. His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation, “You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm, but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty, which is quite impressive.”
Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. He was also the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature.
Xu was known to be very fastidious in his work. For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation.
Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world. For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama.
Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue.“ Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,” Xu said.
5．What does the text tell us about Xu Yuanchong
A．He mastered at least three foreign languages.
B．He translated about 100 Chinese works into English.
C．He was the first winner of the Aurora Borcalis Prize.
D．He was widely known for his translated rhymed verses.
6．What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Particular. B．Satisfied. C．Inventive. D．Productive.
7．Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 4
A．To recommend Xu’s translation works. B．To stress the charm of Chinese poetry.
C．To show Xu’s great translation skills. D．To prove the wisdom of the ancient Chinese.
8．Which of the following words can best describe Xu
A．Thoughtful and modest. B．Generous and objective
C．Creative and open-minded. D．Devoted and hard-working.
【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名翻译家许渊冲对于翻译的贡献。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者。最值得注意的是，他将中国诗歌翻译成英语和法语的押韵诗)”可知，他以翻译押韵诗而广为人知。故选D。
6．词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation.(对他来说，英语是一种“科学”语言，需要精确，而汉语是一种“艺术”语言，包含更广泛的内容。遵循这一原则，他在翻译中既保持了意义上的忠实，又保持了情感上的美)”可知，本段主要讲述了许渊冲先生在他的翻译中不仅追求“直”也追求“美”，由此可推知，他在翻译时是极其严谨和注重细节的。fastidious意为“讲究的，挑剔的”。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama.(例如，当美国前总统Barack Obama在其任期内试图启动一项医疗保健项目时，一些参议员起初表示反对。但在阅读了许翻译的《江雪》这首诗后，一位参议员被这位渔夫的独立思考所打动，选择放弃党派路线，转而支持奥巴马)”可推知，本段是为了说明许渊冲的翻译技巧之高。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者)”以及最后一段“Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue. ‘Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,’ Xu said.(取得如此大的成就后，许保持着常规。他每天翻译大约1000个单词，工作到凌晨3、4点，睡3个小时左右，早上6点起床继续工作。‘翻译是与作者心灵交流的一种方式。突然闪现的一个好词或一条好线让我的每一个毛孔和每一寸皮肤都兴奋不已。’许说)”可推知，许渊冲热衷于翻译事业且非常努力。故选D。
Passage 3
Gordon Brown was born in Scotland in 1951. His childhood was a brilliant success because of his intellectual strength. He was accepted into middle school at 10. At 16 he became the youngest student at the University of Edinburgh.
“At that time, he was a lucky boy, good at almost everything,” said his old friend Murray Elder. However, setbacks (挫折) fell on the brilliant boy. After a rugby injury, he became blind in his left eye. Before long, similar symptoms (症状) developed in his right eye. “I lay in the hospital bed in total darkness, uncertain about my future,” said Brown.
Looking back on the past, Brown didn’t complain about his bad luck. He even said, “One door closes; you can’t play rugby any more, so you focus on other things.”
Brown was interested in student politics in university, which helped a lot in his political career later in life.
In 1997, Brown was made Chancellor of the Exchequer (财政大臣). He has succeeded in giving the country a high rate of employment and the longest period of economic growth in its history.
Compared with his successful career, Brown’s family life is full of downs. He lost his first daughter ten days after her birth. His one-year-old youngest son has a deadly disease. “These accidents make me appreciate my life more,” he said.
9．Gordon Brown was successful in his childhood because he .
A．was very intelligent
B．went to middle school at ten
C．played rugby very well
D．became the youngest student at the University of Edinburgh
10．When Gordon Brown looked back on the past, he .
A．still had hope for the future
B．wished that he had not played rugby
C．believed that his door was closed
D．felt very sad about his misfortune
11．Which of the following is TRUE about Gordon Brown
A．He didn’t like politics at university.
B．He became Chancellor of the Exchequer at 48.
C．He did a good job to improve the national economy.
D．He didn’t do well for the country’s employment rate.
【答案】9．A 10．A 11．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gordon Brown虽然遭遇坎坷与不幸，但他仍然积极乐观，最终走上政坛，为国家的经济做出贡献的故事。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“His childhood was a brilliant success because of his intellectual strength.(由于他的智力，他的童年是辉煌的成功。)”可知，Gordon Brown童年很成功是由于他非常聪明。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““One door closes; you can’t play rugby any more, so you focus on other things.”(“一扇门关上了；你不能再打橄榄球了，所以你要专注于其他事情。”)”可知，他仍然对自己的未来充满了信心。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“He has succeeded in giving the country a high rate of employment and the longest period of economic growth in its history.(他成功地给国家带来了高就业率和历史上最长的经济增长期。)”可知，他在改善国民经济方面做得很好。故选C。
Passage 4
The world has lost one of its brightest stars. British physicist Stephen Hawking dies on March 14， 2018， at the age of 76.
Hawking is probably the worlds most famous scientist after Albert Einstein. He is an expert on black holes and the Big Bang Theory. He has devoted his whole life to digging into the beginning (and the end) of the universe. His 1988 book A Brief History of Time， which contains his understanding of the universe， is one of the biggest-selling science books of all time.
“My goal is simple，” Hawking once said. “It is to completely understand the universe， why it is as it is and why it is there at all.”
Hawkings achievements are even greater if you think about his disability. When he was 21， Hawking caught a bad illness that slowly stopped him from moving or talking. For a period of time， he had no way to communicate except by blinking (眨眼). Later he sat on a wheelchair with a computer by his side. To communicate， he moved two fingers to control the computers mouse. He selected his words from the screen， which were then spoken by a voice synthesizer (語音合成器).
“I have had the disease for most of my life，” Hawking once said. “Yet it has not stopped me from being successful at my work.”
Though Hawking was a disabled man， he made great achievements. He received many awards and prizes for his work during his lifetime. This included winning the Albert Einstein Award， which stands for the highest achievement in theoretical physics.
Despite the fact that hes no longer with us， his legacy will surely live on. As Sajid Javid， a UK government minister， put it， “A brief history on Earth; an eternity in the stars.”
12．What is the black holes and the Big Bang Theory about
A．The physics. B．The stars. C．The universe. D．The time.
13．What does the underlined pronoun “it” in the third paragraph refer to
A．The universe. B．The earth. C．The goal. D．The black hole.
14．According to the text， which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Hawking received many awards and prizes except the Albert Einstein Award.
B．The illness kept him from moving and talking.
C．He communicated with others by speaking.
D．The illness stopped him from being successful.
15．What can we know about Hawking from Sajid Javids words
A．The history of the earth is too short.
B．The stars in the universe are eternal.
C．His book A Brief History of Time is too short.
D．His spirit and achievements will live on forever.
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。 文章主要讲了继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学家霍金。霍金是黑洞理论方面的专家，他一生都致力于研究宇宙的起源。霍金一直患有疾病，但是这不能阻止他在工作中取得成功，他一生中取得了巨大的成就，获得了许多奖项。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is an expert on black holes and the Big Bang Theory. He has devoted his whole life to digging into the beginning (and the end) of the universe.(他是黑洞和宇宙大爆炸理论方面的专家。他一生都在研究宇宙的起源(和终结))”可知霍金一生致力于探索宇宙的起源与终结，由此推断黑洞和大爆炸理论是关于宇宙的。故选C。
2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段的““My goal is simple，” Hawking once said.It is to completely understand the universe, why it is as it is and why it is there a t all. (“我的目标是简单的”霍金曾经说，“这个目标就是完全了解宇宙，为什么它是这样子的，为什么它在那里。”)由此可知此处的代词it指代的是上半句中的universe。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“...Hawking caught a bad illness that slowly stopped him from moving or talking.(霍金患上了一种严重的疾病，慢慢地使他无法移动或说话。)”可知霍金患上了一种疾病，这种疾病逐渐地剥夺了他运动和说话的能力，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the fact that hes no longer with us，his legacy will surely live on. As Sajid Javid，a UK government minister，put it，“A brief history on Earth; an eternity in the stars.”(尽管他已离我们而去，但他的遗产将永存。正如英国政府部长萨吉德·贾维德(Sajid Javid)所说，“地球简史;在星星里的永恒。”)”可知他的话是说:霍金的精神和成就将永远存在。“地球的简史，永恒的星星”用来形容霍金。故选D。
Passage 5
Cimabue, the greatest painter of a Middle Ages in Italy, was surprised one day after his lunch break to discover that a fly had seated itself under the nose of a character that he had been working on. He swatted (重拍) at the fly, but it did not move. He reached out to touch the insect, only to find it was only wet paint. Turning around, he saw that his apprentice (学徒), Giotto, was laughing. Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled.
Giotto di Bondone was born into a poor family in a village. Legend has it that one day, when Cimabue was wandering around the countryside, he spotted a young shepherd boy drawing pictures of his sheep, which were so vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him to come to Florence and learn how to paint. That was how Giotto’s story began in Florence, where the young student flourished under Cimabue s instruction and soon surpassed his master in skill.
At that time, people in paintings didn’t look real, and the symbolism of art was difficult for viewers to connect with it. Innovation (创新) was not stressed, so art had remained the same for hundreds of years.
However, Giotto thought art should be something more connected with people in a more realistic way. His masterpieces included the forty major frescoes (壁画) for the Arena Chapel. Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then, he painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted. He created three-dimensional space by using perspective, something that had not been done since Roman times.
In addition to painting, Giotto wrote poetry and drew architectural plans. When Giotto was in his sixties, he painted the Ognissanti Madomma, another famous work of art. He continued working until the age of seventy. The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever.
16．What does the anecdote in paragraph 1 tell us about Giotto
A．His humor B．His talent C．His courage D．His determination
17．How did Cimabue feel about Giotto’s painting when they first met
A．Impressed B．Stressed C．Doubtful D．Concerned
18．What made Giotto’s works distinguished at that time
A．Vivid colors B．Classic skills
C．Original composition D．Lifelike quality
19．Which of the following best summarizes Giott’s story
A．Great minds think alike B．Innovation is the vitality of art
C．Constant dripping wears away a stone D．A slow sparrow should make an early start
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．D 19．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了意大利的画家Giotto di Bondone在绘画方面的思想，改变了艺术界，使他成为有史以来最伟大的画家之一。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段“He swatted (重拍) at the fly, but it did not move. He reached out to touch the insect, only to find it was only wet paint. Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled. (他拍苍蝇，但它不动。他伸手去摸那只昆虫，却发现那只是未干的油漆。Giotto是在Cimabue不在的时候画的这只苍蝇，它看起来如此真实，Cimabue完全被骗了。)”可知，Giotto趁Cimabue不在时画得苍蝇，让他信以为真，这表明了Giotto的才能。故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“Legend has it that one day, when Cimabue was wandering around the countryside, he spotted a young shepherd boy drawing pictures of his sheep, which were so vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him to come to Florence and learn how to paint.(传说有一天，Cimabue在乡下闲逛时，发现一个年轻的牧童正在画他的羊，画得非常生动，Cimabue立即邀请他来佛罗伦萨学习画画。)”可知，第一次见Giotto时，Cimabue认为他的画让人印象深刻。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, Giotto thought art should be something more connected with people in a more realistic way. (然而，Giotto认为艺术应该以一种更现实的方式与人们联系在一起。)”以及“he painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted. (他以自己所看到的方式来描绘人物，而不是像其他艺术家画的那样过分高大、四四方方的人。)”可知，Giotto的画因其栩栩如生的特点而与众不同。故选D项。
19．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Innovation (创新) was not stressed, so art had remained the same for hundreds of years. (创新没有被强调，所以艺术几百年来一直保持不变。)”、第四段“Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then, he painted people the way he saw them (他采用了许多当时并不常见的技巧，以他所看到的方式来描绘人物)”和最后一段“The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever. (Giotto一生带给绘画的理念彻底改变了艺术界，使他成为有史以来最伟大的画家之一。)”可知，文章主要叙述了Giotto对艺术创新的故事，即“创新是艺术的生命力”。故选B项。
Passage 6
Daniel Brush, an astonishing worker in gold, jewels and steel died on November 2022, aged 75. Students from a jewellery school once came to Brush’s studio, a loft in mid-Manhattan, awed to be meeting a figure who, to them, was a worker of miracles.
For 45 years in that loft, he had pursued his calling. His wife Olivia was the only company. He produced hundreds of objects of all sorts, most of them exquisite and many astonishingly small. Rather than use electricity, he laboured alone in a forest of antique machines and when tools frustrated him he made his own, displaying them in cupboards as art in themselves.
Above all else, he worked in gold. His obsession took fire when at 13 he saw an Etruscan gold bowl in the Victoria and Albert Museum. The ancient technique of applying gold beads as fine as sand-grains to a curved gold surface without solder (焊接), was stunning, but so was the lightness of spirit.
He resolved then that he would make such a bowl, and gold became the study of his life. Simply to watch it melt, turn to red-hot and white-hot, then glow purple, was magical. To hold pure gold grain and let it move slowly through his fingers restored his calm of spirit. His chief motivation, he said, was to understand the material and, through that, himself. He wondered why his heart had beaten so fast in the museum that day. Gold in particular had a message for him. His contact with this glorious metal might focus all his attention and help him to hear it.
He developed delicate craftsmanship, with each object virtually a museum piece. For Daniel Brush, he loved the idea that one might take a piece made by Brush out of a pocket, let its beauty pass from mind to mind, and smile. That too was what its maker was after.
20．What can we learn about Daniel Brush
A．Students visited him regularly.
B．He began to live in his loft in 1975.
C．He tended to use ancient crafts to produce objects.
D．Most objects he produced were of a surprisingly small size.
21．What is the main reason for his lifelong study of gold
A．He wanted to learn more about both gold and himself.
B．He wondered why his heart had beat fast in the museum.
C．His calm was restored when gold grain moved through fingers.
D．Gold had a particular message for him and he was eager to hear it.
22．Which of the following can best describe Daniel Brush
A．Stubborn. B．Wealthy. C．Dedicated. D．Lonely.
23．What does the author try to emphasize in the last paragraph
A．Brush’s valuable works. B．The admirers Brush expected.
C．Brush’s desire for fame. D．The artistic ideal Brush pursued.
【答案】20．C 21．A 22．C 23．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Daniel Brush是一位创造奇迹的人，使用古老的工艺来制作物品，他终生研究黄金，一生追求艺术理想。
20．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“The ancient technique of applying gold beads as fine as sand-grains to a curved gold surface without solder (焊接), was stunning, but so was the lightness of spirit.(在没有焊料的弯曲金表面上涂上细如沙粒的金珠的古老技术令人惊叹，但精神的轻盈也是如此。)”可知Daniel Brush倾向于使用古老的工艺来制作物品，故选C。
21．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“His chief motivation, he said, was to understand the material and, through that, himself. He wondered why his heart had beaten so fast in the museum that day. Gold in particular had a message for him. His contact with this glorious metal might focus all his attention and help him to hear it.(他说，他的主要动机是了解材料，并通过这些了解自己。他想知道为什么那天他的心脏在博物馆里跳动得如此之快。黄金特别向他传达了一个信息。他与这种光荣金属的接触可能会集中他的所有注意力，帮助他听到它。)”可知他终生研究黄金的主要原因是他想了解更多关于黄金和自己的知识，故选A。
22．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“For 45 years in that loft, he had pursued his calling (在那间阁楼里45年来，他一直在追寻自己的使命)”以及整篇文章描述他对黄金的研究和投入，可知Daniel Brush非常投入和专注，故选C。
23．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“For Daniel Brush, he loved the idea that one might take a piece made by Brush out of a pocket, let its beauty pass from mind to mind, and smile. That too was what its maker was after. (对于Daniel Brush来说，他喜欢这样的想法：人们可以从口袋里拿出一件Brush制作的作品，让它的美从脑海中传递到脑海中，然后微笑。这也是它的制造者所追求的。)”可知作者在最后一段中强调的是Brush追求的艺术理想，故选D。
Passage 7
At 1:43 a. m, Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who, revealing the momentous news, told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.”
Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, William Bertozzi, a retired physics professor from MIT. “He’s 91 and, of course, he was just overjoyed,” said Bertozzi. “And then he called my sisters for me. One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of bioorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学), a set of chemical reactions that allow researchers to study molecules (分子) and their interactions in living things without involving natural biological processes, Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer fundamental questions about the role of sugars in biology, to solve practical problems, such as developing better tests for infectious diseases, and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors (肿瘤).
“I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes, one that has helped scientists around the world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems. Being a crown jewel in chemistry, her work has had remarkable real-world impact. The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancermedicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.”
“They call and I’m not even awake ... have hundreds of voicemails. This is how it’s going to be all day. This is crazy,” she said. Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her messages, Bertozzi said, “My family is already booking their flights to Stockholm. It’s amazing. Go back to sleep!”
24．Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight
A．To warn her of some emergency. B．To inform her of winning the prize.
C．To make preparations for a meeting. D．To collect things to visit her relatives.
25．What does Bertozzi’s lab use the new methods to do
A．Develop a new drug for cancer. B．Produce more nutritious sugars.
C．Separate biology from chemistry. D．Find cures for infectious diseases.
26．What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．The king’s treasure. B．The universal focus.
C．The most complex part. D．The most valuable breakthrough.
27．What kind of person is Bertozzi
A．Courageous and quiet. B．Helpful and generous.
C．Wild and hard-working. D．Pioneering and Creative.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．D 27．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。凌晨Bertozzi接到电话被告知获得了诺贝尔奖，文中介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评价以及她接受采访时的情景。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“At 1:43 a. m, Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who, revealing the momentous news, told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.”(凌晨1点43分，Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，电话告诉她这一重大消息，并告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间镇定下来，等待你的生活发生改变。”)”可知，这个电话通知Bertozzi获奖了。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer fundamental questions about the role of sugars in biology, to solve practical problems, such as developing better tests for infectious diseases, and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors (肿瘤).(Bertozzi的实验室一直在使用新方法来回答关于糖在生物学中作用的基本问题，解决实际问题，如开发更好的传染病检测方法，以及创造一种可以更好地靶向肿瘤的新药。)”可知，Bertozzi的实验室运用这些新方法来开发一种治疗癌症的新药。故选A。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancermedicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.(这些研究成果已被用于研究细胞如何构建蛋白质和其他分子，开发新的抗癌药物，以及生产用于储能的新材料，以及许多其他应用。)”可推知，她的发现非常有价值。由此可知，划线部分所在句子意为“作为化学界最有价值的成就，她的工作在现实世界中产生了显著的影响”，即a crown jewel意为“重要或最有价值的东西”，即The most valuable breakthrough。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of bioorthogonal chemistry(Bertozzi因创立生物正交化学领域而受到认可)”和第四段的“In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes(在开创生物正交化学领域时，Bertozzi发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法)”推知，Bertozzi是有开拓性的和有创造力的，即Pioneering and Creative，故选D。
Passage 8
An 89-year-old man from the American state of Rhode Island has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward and nearly a lifetime thinking about. He earned his Ph, D．and became a physicist.
Manfred Steiner successfully passed his paper recently at Brown University in Providence. Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted, and because he overcame health problems that could have affected his studies to get it.
As a young person in Vienna, Austria, Steiner wanted to become a physicist after reading about Albert Einstein. But after World War I, his mother and uncle told him that studying medicine would be a better choice. He earned his medical degree in 1955 and moved to the United States soon after. In America, he had a wonderful career studying blood. Then he became a full professor and led the hematology (血液学) department at Brown’s medical school from 1985 to 1994. Steiner helped set up, a research program in hematology at the University of North Carolina. He directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000 and returned to Rhode Island.
Steiner found medical research pleasing, but it was not quite the same as his interest in physics. At age 70, he started taking undergraduate classes. He was planning to just take a few classes that interested him. But by 2007, he had managed to join the doctoral program.
Physics professor Brad Marston was surprised when Steiner entered his class. But the professor soon realized how serious Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked. “He has written many papers in medical science, more papers than I’ve written in physics. He already had a scientific way of thinking that younger students have to develop,” Marston said. Steiner now hopes to help the professors he befriended during his studies with their research.
28．What happened to Steiner on his way to get a Ph, D．in physics
A．He left the United States.
B．He began to dislike medicine.
C．His physical condition was bad.
D．He was always supported by his mother.
29．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about Steiner
A．His interesting classes.
B．His career in medicine.
C．His effort to become a physicist.
D．His childhood experiences in Austria.
30．What is Marston’s attitude to Steiner’s study of physics
A．Opposed. B．Positive. C．Uncaring. D．Impatient.
31．Which word can best describe Steiner
A．Odd. B．Ashamed. C．Athletic. D．Hardworking.
【答案】28．C 29．B 30．B 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了物理学家Manfred Steiner的奋斗历程。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted, and because he overcame health problems that could have affected his studies to get it.(Steiner之所以重视这个学位，是因为这是他一直想要的，也是因为他克服了可能影响学业的健康问题)”可知，Steiner克服了健康问题获得了物理博士学位，可知他在获得物理学博士学位的路上他的身体状况曾很差。故选C。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But after World War I, his mother and uncle told him that studying medicine would be a better choice. He earned his medical degree in 1955 and moved to the United States soon after. In America, he had a wonderful career studying blood. Then he became a full professor and led the hematology (血液学) department at Brown’s medical school from 1985 to 1994. Steiner helped set up, a research program in hematology at the University of North Carolina. He directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000 and returned to Rhode Island.(但在第一次世界大战后，他的母亲和叔叔告诉他，学习医学会是一个更好的选择。他于1955年获得医学学位，不久后移居美国。在美国，他在研究血液方面有着美好的职业生涯。然后他成为了一名正教授，并在1985年至1994年领导了血液学。Steiner帮助建立了北卡罗来纳大学血液学研究项目。他执导该节目，直到2000年从医学界退休，回到罗德岛)”可知，该段主要讲述了Steiner的医学生涯。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Marston说的话“He has written many papers in medical science, more papers than I’ve written in physics. He already had a scientific way of thinking that younger students have to develop(他写了很多医学论文，比我写的物理学论文还多。他已经有了一种科学的思维方式，年轻的学生必须培养这种思维方式)”推知，他对Steiner从事物理研究持肯定的态度。故选B。
31．推理判断题。本文讲述了Steiner的奋斗历程，结合第一段的“An 89-year-old man from the American state of Rhode Island has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward and nearly a lifetime thinking about.(来自美国罗德岛州的一位89岁的老人已经实现了一个目标，他花了20年的时间致力于这个目标，几乎一生都朝着该目标奋斗)”和最后一段的“But the professor soon realized how serious Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked.(但教授很快意识到Steiner对这个问题有多么认真，工作有多么努力)”推知，Steiner是一个勤奋努力的人。故选D。
单元话题阅读精练
主题词汇积累
take up a position 担任；任职
come to power 掌权；上台
wear and tear 磨损；损耗
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺；保证
sum up 总结；概括
as a consequence / in consequence 结果；因此
be distinct from 与……截然不同
come to/draw a conclusion 得出结论
insist on 坚决要求
时文拓展阅读
Hedy Lamarr was used to being admired for her looks. As a Hollywood film star, she was called "the most beautiful woman in the world". What she was less known for was her scientific thinking ability. During World War I, Lamarr quietly co-invented the technology that would be the precursor（前身）to Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and other systems we rely on today.
She had a natural curiosity about the world around her. As young as 5, she would spend time taking apart and rebuilding her music box to understand how it worked. At 16, she got her first film role and quickly became an international icon（偶像）. As her acting career continued to take off. World War II broke out. Lamarr became restless, feeling that she should do more to contribute to the Allies' war efforts. "Lamarr said that she did not feel very comfortable, sitting there in Hollywood and making lots of money when things were in such a state," says George Antheil.
Together with Antheil, Lamarr came up with a groundbreaking new form of wireless communication known as Spread Spectrum（频谱）. The concept was to create a wireless signal that could travel quickly from frequency to frequency. But the military refused to use it in their war efforts. The technology sat unused for years, until one day in the 1960s, the military accepted it and called the system "Spread like Wildfire".
Hedy Lamarr played the role she was expected to play in Hollywood—a beautiful star on the big screen. And without her, communication could look completely different today. Lamarr's experience can serve as a reminder：Pursue your talents and passions. Not only will the world be better for it, but every pioneer who challenges the old will pave the way for others to follow.
【译文欣赏】
海蒂·拉玛习惯于因美貌而备受赞赏。作为好莱坞电影明星，她被誉为“世界上最美丽的女人”。但她鲜为人知的是其科学思维能力。在第一次世界大战期间，拉玛悄悄地与人共同发明了一项技术，这项技术成为了如今我们所依赖的蓝牙、Wi-Fi 等系统的前身。
她对周围的世界有着天生的好奇心。五岁时，她就会花时间拆解并重新组装自己的音乐盒，以了解其工作原理。16 岁时，她获得了自己的第一个电影角色，并迅速成为国际偶像。随着她的演艺事业蒸蒸日上，第二次世界大战爆发了。拉玛变得焦躁不安，觉得自己应该为盟军的战争努力做出更多贡献。“拉玛说，当局势如此紧张时，她坐在好莱坞赚大钱，感觉很不舒服。”乔治·安泰尔说道。
拉玛与安泰尔一起发明了一种开创性的新型无线通信方式，称为扩频技术。其概念是创建一种能够在不同频率间快速切换的无线信号。但军方拒绝在战争中使用它。这项技术闲置多年，直到 20 世纪 60 年代的一天，军方才接受了它，并将其命名为“野火蔓延”系统。
海蒂·拉玛在好莱坞扮演了人们期望她扮演的角色——大银幕上的美丽明星。而没有她，如今的通信可能会截然不同。拉玛的经历可以提醒我们：追求你的才能和激情。这不仅会让世界变得更美好，而且每一个挑战旧秩序的先驱都会为后来者铺平道路。
【词汇积累】
be used to 习惯于；
be known for 因……而出名；
rely on依赖；
spend… doing花费…做…
take off起飞，事业腾飞；
play the role起作用；
came up with想出；
【特殊句型】
Not only will the world be better for it, but every pioneer who challenges the old will pave the way for others to follow.
句型分析：
1. 句型结构：
这是一个 "Not only... but (also)..."（不仅……而且……）的倒装句，用于强调两个相关联的积极结果。
前半部分（倒装）： "Not only will the world be better for it"
正常语序："The world will not only be better for it."
"Not only"放在句首时，后面要用部分倒装（助动词提前），即 *"will the world be..." 而不是 "the world will be..."。
后半部分（正常语序）： "but every pioneer who challenges the old will pave the way for others to follow."
"but" 后可加 *"also"（口语中常省略），表示递进。
"who challenges the old" 是定语从句，修饰 *"every pioneer"。
"pave the way for others to follow"* 是固定表达，意为“为他人铺路/开辟道路”。
2. 核心成分：
主语： "the world"（前半句）、"every pioneer"（后半句）
谓语： "will be"（前半句）、"will pave"（后半句）
关键修饰：
"who challenges the old"（限定“先驱者”的特征）
"for others to follow"（表目的，说明“铺路”的作用）
3. 句意解析：
这句话强调：
1.挑战旧事物会让世界变得更美好（"the world will be better for it"）；
2.每一位挑战旧事物的先驱者都会为后来者开辟道路（"pave the way for others"）。
4. 类似句型（可替换表达）：
倒装强调：
"Not only does innovation drive progress, but it also inspires future generations."
非倒装形式：
"The world will not only benefit from it, but pioneers will also create paths for others."
综合实战演练
Passage 1
Fang Wenshan, known for his poetic and artistic works, often draws inspiration from ancient Chinese poetry. His lyrics (歌词), featured in Chinese-style pop songs performed by Taiwan singer Jay Chou, charm (吸引) audiences across the Taiwan Straits and regions influenced by Chinese culture.
Fang’s work has played an important role in popularizing Chinese-style pop music, earning lots of awards and contributing to Jay Chou’s albums for over half of his career. His lyrics, such as “The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,” show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry.
What’s more, he is devoted to promoting traditional culture. He expressed his willingness to share its spirits with a wider audience through various cultural factors, including Hanfu cultural festivals, tea culture experiences, and so on. He, who has hosted Hanfu cultural festivals for 12 years, believes that pop culture can give new life to traditional culture. He shares his driving force with the Global Times, stating, “What a person creates originates from his or her values. I have created a number of lyrics as I am deeply fond of the essences of traditional Chinese culture. The strong recognition of cultural identity is an important engine for me to promote the Hanfu culture through the event”.
Fang’s journey in traditional Chinese culture began during his school years in Taiwan, where he immersed himself in classical literature, particularly Song Dynasty poetry, which continues to influence his work today. He reflects: “No one told me that you have to walk along this way in your career, but I love the cultural atmosphere so I naturally found the direction”.
1．Which of the following can best describe Fang Wenshan’s lyrics
A．They are criticized for being traditional.
B．They are rarely featured in modern pop music.
C．They have played an insignificant role in Jay Chou’s albums.
D．They have contributed to the popularity of Chinese-style pop music.
2．What makes Fang outstanding in the music industry
A．His ability to explore Chinese culture. B．His ability to focus on modern themes.
C．His ability to combine the old and the new. D．His ability to create music using simple words.
3．What drives Fang Wenshan to promote Hanfu culture
A．To strengthen the recognition of cultural identity. B．To popularize Chinese-style pop music.
C．To get media attention and make great profits. D．To create more lyrics to amuse people.
4．Which of the following can best describe Fang
A．Devoted and grateful. B．Unique and creative.
C．Humorous and helpful. D．Determined and selfless.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了方文山在推广中国传统文化和中国风流行音乐方面所做的贡献。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“His lyrics, featured in Chinese-style pop songs performed by Taiwan singer Jay Chou, charm audiences across the Taiwan Straits and regions influenced by Chinese culture.(他的歌词出现在由台湾歌手周杰伦演唱的中国风流行歌曲中，吸引了台湾海峡两岸以及受中国文化影响地区的观众)”和第二段“Fang’s work has played an important role in popularizing Chinese-style pop music.(方文山的作品在推广中国风流行音乐方面发挥了重要作用)”可知，方文山的歌词为中国风流行音乐的流行做出了贡献。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“His lyrics, such as ‘The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,’ show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry.(他的歌词，如‘你如传世的青花瓷自顾自美丽’，显示了他将传统思想和现代主题结合在一起的能力，使他在音乐界脱颖而出)”可知，让方文山在音乐界脱颖而出的是他结合新旧的能力。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The strong recognition of cultural identity is an important engine for me to promote the Hanfu culture through the event.(对文化身份的强烈认同是我通过此次活动推广汉服文化的重要动力)”可知，驱使方文山推广汉服文化的是为了加强对文化认同的认识。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“His lyrics, such as ‘The deep blue and pearl white glow like porcelain,’ show his ability to join traditional ideas and modern themes together, setting him apart in the music industry.(他的歌词，如‘你如传世的青花瓷自顾自美丽’，显示了他将传统思想和现代主题结合在一起的能力，使他在音乐界脱颖而出)”可知，方文山是一个独特且有创造力的人。故选B。
Passage 2
A famous American poet Robert Frost once said, “Poetry is what gets lost in translation. ”But XuYuanchong, well-known Chinese translator, had tried to convey the beauty of ancient Chinese poetry throughout his life. His teacher Qian Zhongshu commented on his poetry translation, “You are dancing while chained by rhyme and rhythm, but the dance shows amazing freedom and beauty, which is quite impressive.”
Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French. He was also the first Asian winner of the Aurora Borealis Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature.
Xu was known to be very fastidious in his work. For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation.
Through Xu’s translations, time-honored Chinese wisdom has made an impact on Western societies and the world. For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama.
Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue.“ Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,” Xu said.
5．What does the text tell us about Xu Yuanchong
A．He mastered at least three foreign languages.
B．He translated about 100 Chinese works into English.
C．He was the first winner of the Aurora Borcalis Prize.
D．He was widely known for his translated rhymed verses.
6．What does the underlined word “fastidious” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Particular. B．Satisfied. C．Inventive. D．Productive.
7．Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 4
A．To recommend Xu’s translation works. B．To stress the charm of Chinese poetry.
C．To show Xu’s great translation skills. D．To prove the wisdom of the ancient Chinese.
8．Which of the following words can best describe Xu
A．Thoughtful and modest. B．Generous and objective
C．Creative and open-minded. D．Devoted and hard-working.
【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名翻译家许渊冲对于翻译的贡献。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad. Most notably, he translated Chinese poems into rhymed verses in both English and French.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者。最值得注意的是，他将中国诗歌翻译成英语和法语的押韵诗)”可知，他以翻译押韵诗而广为人知。故选D。
6．词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“For him, English is a “ scientific” language that needs exactness while Chinese is an “artistic” language that includes a wider range of content. Following this principle, Xu kept not only faithfulness in the sense but beauty in sensibility in his translation.(对他来说，英语是一种“科学”语言，需要精确，而汉语是一种“艺术”语言，包含更广泛的内容。遵循这一原则，他在翻译中既保持了意义上的忠实，又保持了情感上的美)”可知，本段主要讲述了许渊冲先生在他的翻译中不仅追求“直”也追求“美”，由此可推知，他在翻译时是极其严谨和注重细节的。fastidious意为“讲究的，挑剔的”。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“For example, when former US president Barack Obama tried to begin a healthcare project during his presidency, some senators disagreed at first. But after reading the poem titled Fishing in Snow translated by Xu, one senator was so impressed with the fisherman’s independent thinking that he chose to part with the party line to support Obama.(例如，当美国前总统Barack Obama在其任期内试图启动一项医疗保健项目时，一些参议员起初表示反对。但在阅读了许翻译的《江雪》这首诗后，一位参议员被这位渔夫的独立思考所打动，选择放弃党派路线，转而支持奥巴马)”可推知，本段是为了说明许渊冲的翻译技巧之高。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Since 1978, Xu had published more than 100 translated works in Chinese, English and French, reaching millions of readers at home and abroad.(自1978年以来，许出版了100多部中、英、法翻译作品，在国内外拥有数百万读者)”以及最后一段“Having made such great achievements, Xu maintained a routine. Every day he translated about1, 000 words, working till 3 to 4 a. m., sleeping for about 3 hours and getting up at 6 a. m. to continue. ‘Translation is a means of communicating with the writer’s soul. A sudden flicker of a good word or a good line thrills every pore (毛孔) and every inch of my skin,’ Xu said.(取得如此大的成就后，许保持着常规。他每天翻译大约1000个单词，工作到凌晨3、4点，睡3个小时左右，早上6点起床继续工作。‘翻译是与作者心灵交流的一种方式。突然闪现的一个好词或一条好线让我的每一个毛孔和每一寸皮肤都兴奋不已。’许说)”可推知，许渊冲热衷于翻译事业且非常努力。故选D。
Passage 3
Gordon Brown was born in Scotland in 1951. His childhood was a brilliant success because of his intellectual strength. He was accepted into middle school at 10. At 16 he became the youngest student at the University of Edinburgh.
“At that time, he was a lucky boy, good at almost everything,” said his old friend Murray Elder. However, setbacks (挫折) fell on the brilliant boy. After a rugby injury, he became blind in his left eye. Before long, similar symptoms (症状) developed in his right eye. “I lay in the hospital bed in total darkness, uncertain about my future,” said Brown.
Looking back on the past, Brown didn’t complain about his bad luck. He even said, “One door closes; you can’t play rugby any more, so you focus on other things.”
Brown was interested in student politics in university, which helped a lot in his political career later in life.
In 1997, Brown was made Chancellor of the Exchequer (财政大臣). He has succeeded in giving the country a high rate of employment and the longest period of economic growth in its history.
Compared with his successful career, Brown’s family life is full of downs. He lost his first daughter ten days after her birth. His one-year-old youngest son has a deadly disease. “These accidents make me appreciate my life more,” he said.
9．Gordon Brown was successful in his childhood because he .
A．was very intelligent
B．went to middle school at ten
C．played rugby very well
D．became the youngest student at the University of Edinburgh
10．When Gordon Brown looked back on the past, he .
A．still had hope for the future
B．wished that he had not played rugby
C．believed that his door was closed
D．felt very sad about his misfortune
11．Which of the following is TRUE about Gordon Brown
A．He didn’t like politics at university.
B．He became Chancellor of the Exchequer at 48.
C．He did a good job to improve the national economy.
D．He didn’t do well for the country’s employment rate.
【答案】9．A 10．A 11．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gordon Brown虽然遭遇坎坷与不幸，但他仍然积极乐观，最终走上政坛，为国家的经济做出贡献的故事。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“His childhood was a brilliant success because of his intellectual strength.(由于他的智力，他的童年是辉煌的成功。)”可知，Gordon Brown童年很成功是由于他非常聪明。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““One door closes; you can’t play rugby any more, so you focus on other things.”(“一扇门关上了；你不能再打橄榄球了，所以你要专注于其他事情。”)”可知，他仍然对自己的未来充满了信心。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“He has succeeded in giving the country a high rate of employment and the longest period of economic growth in its history.(他成功地给国家带来了高就业率和历史上最长的经济增长期。)”可知，他在改善国民经济方面做得很好。故选C。
Passage 4
The world has lost one of its brightest stars. British physicist Stephen Hawking dies on March 14， 2018， at the age of 76.
Hawking is probably the worlds most famous scientist after Albert Einstein. He is an expert on black holes and the Big Bang Theory. He has devoted his whole life to digging into the beginning (and the end) of the universe. His 1988 book A Brief History of Time， which contains his understanding of the universe， is one of the biggest-selling science books of all time.
“My goal is simple，” Hawking once said. “It is to completely understand the universe， why it is as it is and why it is there at all.”
Hawkings achievements are even greater if you think about his disability. When he was 21， Hawking caught a bad illness that slowly stopped him from moving or talking. For a period of time， he had no way to communicate except by blinking (眨眼). Later he sat on a wheelchair with a computer by his side. To communicate， he moved two fingers to control the computers mouse. He selected his words from the screen， which were then spoken by a voice synthesizer (語音合成器).
“I have had the disease for most of my life，” Hawking once said. “Yet it has not stopped me from being successful at my work.”
Though Hawking was a disabled man， he made great achievements. He received many awards and prizes for his work during his lifetime. This included winning the Albert Einstein Award， which stands for the highest achievement in theoretical physics.
Despite the fact that hes no longer with us， his legacy will surely live on. As Sajid Javid， a UK government minister， put it， “A brief history on Earth; an eternity in the stars.”
12．What is the black holes and the Big Bang Theory about
A．The physics. B．The stars. C．The universe. D．The time.
13．What does the underlined pronoun “it” in the third paragraph refer to
A．The universe. B．The earth. C．The goal. D．The black hole.
14．According to the text， which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Hawking received many awards and prizes except the Albert Einstein Award.
B．The illness kept him from moving and talking.
C．He communicated with others by speaking.
D．The illness stopped him from being successful.
15．What can we know about Hawking from Sajid Javids words
A．The history of the earth is too short.
B．The stars in the universe are eternal.
C．His book A Brief History of Time is too short.
D．His spirit and achievements will live on forever.
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。 文章主要讲了继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学家霍金。霍金是黑洞理论方面的专家，他一生都致力于研究宇宙的起源。霍金一直患有疾病，但是这不能阻止他在工作中取得成功，他一生中取得了巨大的成就，获得了许多奖项。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is an expert on black holes and the Big Bang Theory. He has devoted his whole life to digging into the beginning (and the end) of the universe.(他是黑洞和宇宙大爆炸理论方面的专家。他一生都在研究宇宙的起源(和终结))”可知霍金一生致力于探索宇宙的起源与终结，由此推断黑洞和大爆炸理论是关于宇宙的。故选C。
2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段的““My goal is simple，” Hawking once said.It is to completely understand the universe, why it is as it is and why it is there a t all. (“我的目标是简单的”霍金曾经说，“这个目标就是完全了解宇宙，为什么它是这样子的，为什么它在那里。”)由此可知此处的代词it指代的是上半句中的universe。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“...Hawking caught a bad illness that slowly stopped him from moving or talking.(霍金患上了一种严重的疾病，慢慢地使他无法移动或说话。)”可知霍金患上了一种疾病，这种疾病逐渐地剥夺了他运动和说话的能力，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the fact that hes no longer with us，his legacy will surely live on. As Sajid Javid，a UK government minister，put it，“A brief history on Earth; an eternity in the stars.”(尽管他已离我们而去，但他的遗产将永存。正如英国政府部长萨吉德·贾维德(Sajid Javid)所说，“地球简史;在星星里的永恒。”)”可知他的话是说:霍金的精神和成就将永远存在。“地球的简史，永恒的星星”用来形容霍金。故选D。
Passage 5
Cimabue, the greatest painter of a Middle Ages in Italy, was surprised one day after his lunch break to discover that a fly had seated itself under the nose of a character that he had been working on. He swatted (重拍) at the fly, but it did not move. He reached out to touch the insect, only to find it was only wet paint. Turning around, he saw that his apprentice (学徒), Giotto, was laughing. Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled.
Giotto di Bondone was born into a poor family in a village. Legend has it that one day, when Cimabue was wandering around the countryside, he spotted a young shepherd boy drawing pictures of his sheep, which were so vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him to come to Florence and learn how to paint. That was how Giotto’s story began in Florence, where the young student flourished under Cimabue s instruction and soon surpassed his master in skill.
At that time, people in paintings didn’t look real, and the symbolism of art was difficult for viewers to connect with it. Innovation (创新) was not stressed, so art had remained the same for hundreds of years.
However, Giotto thought art should be something more connected with people in a more realistic way. His masterpieces included the forty major frescoes (壁画) for the Arena Chapel. Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then, he painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted. He created three-dimensional space by using perspective, something that had not been done since Roman times.
In addition to painting, Giotto wrote poetry and drew architectural plans. When Giotto was in his sixties, he painted the Ognissanti Madomma, another famous work of art. He continued working until the age of seventy. The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever.
16．What does the anecdote in paragraph 1 tell us about Giotto
A．His humor B．His talent C．His courage D．His determination
17．How did Cimabue feel about Giotto’s painting when they first met
A．Impressed B．Stressed C．Doubtful D．Concerned
18．What made Giotto’s works distinguished at that time
A．Vivid colors B．Classic skills
C．Original composition D．Lifelike quality
19．Which of the following best summarizes Giott’s story
A．Great minds think alike B．Innovation is the vitality of art
C．Constant dripping wears away a stone D．A slow sparrow should make an early start
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．D 19．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了意大利的画家Giotto di Bondone在绘画方面的思想，改变了艺术界，使他成为有史以来最伟大的画家之一。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段“He swatted (重拍) at the fly, but it did not move. He reached out to touch the insect, only to find it was only wet paint. Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away, and it looked so real that Cimabue had been completely fooled. (他拍苍蝇，但它不动。他伸手去摸那只昆虫，却发现那只是未干的油漆。Giotto是在Cimabue不在的时候画的这只苍蝇，它看起来如此真实，Cimabue完全被骗了。)”可知，Giotto趁Cimabue不在时画得苍蝇，让他信以为真，这表明了Giotto的才能。故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“Legend has it that one day, when Cimabue was wandering around the countryside, he spotted a young shepherd boy drawing pictures of his sheep, which were so vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him to come to Florence and learn how to paint.(传说有一天，Cimabue在乡下闲逛时，发现一个年轻的牧童正在画他的羊，画得非常生动，Cimabue立即邀请他来佛罗伦萨学习画画。)”可知，第一次见Giotto时，Cimabue认为他的画让人印象深刻。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, Giotto thought art should be something more connected with people in a more realistic way. (然而，Giotto认为艺术应该以一种更现实的方式与人们联系在一起。)”以及“he painted people the way he saw them, instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted. (他以自己所看到的方式来描绘人物，而不是像其他艺术家画的那样过分高大、四四方方的人。)”可知，Giotto的画因其栩栩如生的特点而与众不同。故选D项。
19．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Innovation (创新) was not stressed, so art had remained the same for hundreds of years. (创新没有被强调，所以艺术几百年来一直保持不变。)”、第四段“Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then, he painted people the way he saw them (他采用了许多当时并不常见的技巧，以他所看到的方式来描绘人物)”和最后一段“The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever. (Giotto一生带给绘画的理念彻底改变了艺术界，使他成为有史以来最伟大的画家之一。)”可知，文章主要叙述了Giotto对艺术创新的故事，即“创新是艺术的生命力”。故选B项。
Passage 6
Daniel Brush, an astonishing worker in gold, jewels and steel died on November 2022, aged 75. Students from a jewellery school once came to Brush’s studio, a loft in mid-Manhattan, awed to be meeting a figure who, to them, was a worker of miracles.
For 45 years in that loft, he had pursued his calling. His wife Olivia was the only company. He produced hundreds of objects of all sorts, most of them exquisite and many astonishingly small. Rather than use electricity, he laboured alone in a forest of antique machines and when tools frustrated him he made his own, displaying them in cupboards as art in themselves.
Above all else, he worked in gold. His obsession took fire when at 13 he saw an Etruscan gold bowl in the Victoria and Albert Museum. The ancient technique of applying gold beads as fine as sand-grains to a curved gold surface without solder (焊接), was stunning, but so was the lightness of spirit.
He resolved then that he would make such a bowl, and gold became the study of his life. Simply to watch it melt, turn to red-hot and white-hot, then glow purple, was magical. To hold pure gold grain and let it move slowly through his fingers restored his calm of spirit. His chief motivation, he said, was to understand the material and, through that, himself. He wondered why his heart had beaten so fast in the museum that day. Gold in particular had a message for him. His contact with this glorious metal might focus all his attention and help him to hear it.
He developed delicate craftsmanship, with each object virtually a museum piece. For Daniel Brush, he loved the idea that one might take a piece made by Brush out of a pocket, let its beauty pass from mind to mind, and smile. That too was what its maker was after.
20．What can we learn about Daniel Brush
A．Students visited him regularly.
B．He began to live in his loft in 1975.
C．He tended to use ancient crafts to produce objects.
D．Most objects he produced were of a surprisingly small size.
21．What is the main reason for his lifelong study of gold
A．He wanted to learn more about both gold and himself.
B．He wondered why his heart had beat fast in the museum.
C．His calm was restored when gold grain moved through fingers.
D．Gold had a particular message for him and he was eager to hear it.
22．Which of the following can best describe Daniel Brush
A．Stubborn. B．Wealthy. C．Dedicated. D．Lonely.
23．What does the author try to emphasize in the last paragraph
A．Brush’s valuable works. B．The admirers Brush expected.
C．Brush’s desire for fame. D．The artistic ideal Brush pursued.
【答案】20．C 21．A 22．C 23．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Daniel Brush是一位创造奇迹的人，使用古老的工艺来制作物品，他终生研究黄金，一生追求艺术理想。
20．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“The ancient technique of applying gold beads as fine as sand-grains to a curved gold surface without solder (焊接), was stunning, but so was the lightness of spirit.(在没有焊料的弯曲金表面上涂上细如沙粒的金珠的古老技术令人惊叹，但精神的轻盈也是如此。)”可知Daniel Brush倾向于使用古老的工艺来制作物品，故选C。
21．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“His chief motivation, he said, was to understand the material and, through that, himself. He wondered why his heart had beaten so fast in the museum that day. Gold in particular had a message for him. His contact with this glorious metal might focus all his attention and help him to hear it.(他说，他的主要动机是了解材料，并通过这些了解自己。他想知道为什么那天他的心脏在博物馆里跳动得如此之快。黄金特别向他传达了一个信息。他与这种光荣金属的接触可能会集中他的所有注意力，帮助他听到它。)”可知他终生研究黄金的主要原因是他想了解更多关于黄金和自己的知识，故选A。
22．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“For 45 years in that loft, he had pursued his calling (在那间阁楼里45年来，他一直在追寻自己的使命)”以及整篇文章描述他对黄金的研究和投入，可知Daniel Brush非常投入和专注，故选C。
23．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“For Daniel Brush, he loved the idea that one might take a piece made by Brush out of a pocket, let its beauty pass from mind to mind, and smile. That too was what its maker was after. (对于Daniel Brush来说，他喜欢这样的想法：人们可以从口袋里拿出一件Brush制作的作品，让它的美从脑海中传递到脑海中，然后微笑。这也是它的制造者所追求的。)”可知作者在最后一段中强调的是Brush追求的艺术理想，故选D。
Passage 7
At 1:43 a. m, Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who, revealing the momentous news, told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.”
Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, William Bertozzi, a retired physics professor from MIT. “He’s 91 and, of course, he was just overjoyed,” said Bertozzi. “And then he called my sisters for me. One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of bioorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学), a set of chemical reactions that allow researchers to study molecules (分子) and their interactions in living things without involving natural biological processes, Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer fundamental questions about the role of sugars in biology, to solve practical problems, such as developing better tests for infectious diseases, and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors (肿瘤).
“I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes, one that has helped scientists around the world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems. Being a crown jewel in chemistry, her work has had remarkable real-world impact. The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancermedicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.”
“They call and I’m not even awake ... have hundreds of voicemails. This is how it’s going to be all day. This is crazy,” she said. Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her messages, Bertozzi said, “My family is already booking their flights to Stockholm. It’s amazing. Go back to sleep!”
24．Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight
A．To warn her of some emergency. B．To inform her of winning the prize.
C．To make preparations for a meeting. D．To collect things to visit her relatives.
25．What does Bertozzi’s lab use the new methods to do
A．Develop a new drug for cancer. B．Produce more nutritious sugars.
C．Separate biology from chemistry. D．Find cures for infectious diseases.
26．What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．The king’s treasure. B．The universal focus.
C．The most complex part. D．The most valuable breakthrough.
27．What kind of person is Bertozzi
A．Courageous and quiet. B．Helpful and generous.
C．Wild and hard-working. D．Pioneering and Creative.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．D 27．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。凌晨Bertozzi接到电话被告知获得了诺贝尔奖，文中介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评价以及她接受采访时的情景。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“At 1:43 a. m, Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who, revealing the momentous news, told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.”(凌晨1点43分，Bertozzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，电话告诉她这一重大消息，并告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间镇定下来，等待你的生活发生改变。”)”可知，这个电话通知Bertozzi获奖了。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Bertozzi’s lab has been using the new methods to answer fundamental questions about the role of sugars in biology, to solve practical problems, such as developing better tests for infectious diseases, and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors (肿瘤).(Bertozzi的实验室一直在使用新方法来回答关于糖在生物学中作用的基本问题，解决实际问题，如开发更好的传染病检测方法，以及创造一种可以更好地靶向肿瘤的新药。)”可知，Bertozzi的实验室运用这些新方法来开发一种治疗癌症的新药。故选A。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancermedicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.(这些研究成果已被用于研究细胞如何构建蛋白质和其他分子，开发新的抗癌药物，以及生产用于储能的新材料，以及许多其他应用。)”可推知，她的发现非常有价值。由此可知，划线部分所在句子意为“作为化学界最有价值的成就，她的工作在现实世界中产生了显著的影响”，即a crown jewel意为“重要或最有价值的东西”，即The most valuable breakthrough。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of bioorthogonal chemistry(Bertozzi因创立生物正交化学领域而受到认可)”和第四段的“In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes(在开创生物正交化学领域时，Bertozzi发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法)”推知，Bertozzi是有开拓性的和有创造力的，即Pioneering and Creative，故选D。
Passage 8
An 89-year-old man from the American state of Rhode Island has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward and nearly a lifetime thinking about. He earned his Ph, D．and became a physicist.
Manfred Steiner successfully passed his paper recently at Brown University in Providence. Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted, and because he overcame health problems that could have affected his studies to get it.
As a young person in Vienna, Austria, Steiner wanted to become a physicist after reading about Albert Einstein. But after World War I, his mother and uncle told him that studying medicine would be a better choice. He earned his medical degree in 1955 and moved to the United States soon after. In America, he had a wonderful career studying blood. Then he became a full professor and led the hematology (血液学) department at Brown’s medical school from 1985 to 1994. Steiner helped set up, a research program in hematology at the University of North Carolina. He directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000 and returned to Rhode Island.
Steiner found medical research pleasing, but it was not quite the same as his interest in physics. At age 70, he started taking undergraduate classes. He was planning to just take a few classes that interested him. But by 2007, he had managed to join the doctoral program.
Physics professor Brad Marston was surprised when Steiner entered his class. But the professor soon realized how serious Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked. “He has written many papers in medical science, more papers than I’ve written in physics. He already had a scientific way of thinking that younger students have to develop,” Marston said. Steiner now hopes to help the professors he befriended during his studies with their research.
28．What happened to Steiner on his way to get a Ph, D．in physics
A．He left the United States.
B．He began to dislike medicine.
C．His physical condition was bad.
D．He was always supported by his mother.
29．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about Steiner
A．His interesting classes.
B．His career in medicine.
C．His effort to become a physicist.
D．His childhood experiences in Austria.
30．What is Marston’s attitude to Steiner’s study of physics
A．Opposed. B．Positive. C．Uncaring. D．Impatient.
31．Which word can best describe Steiner
A．Odd. B．Ashamed. C．Athletic. D．Hardworking.
【答案】28．C 29．B 30．B 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了物理学家Manfred Steiner的奋斗历程。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted, and because he overcame health problems that could have affected his studies to get it.(Steiner之所以重视这个学位，是因为这是他一直想要的，也是因为他克服了可能影响学业的健康问题)”可知，Steiner克服了健康问题获得了物理博士学位，可知他在获得物理学博士学位的路上他的身体状况曾很差。故选C。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But after World War I, his mother and uncle told him that studying medicine would be a better choice. He earned his medical degree in 1955 and moved to the United States soon after. In America, he had a wonderful career studying blood. Then he became a full professor and led the hematology (血液学) department at Brown’s medical school from 1985 to 1994. Steiner helped set up, a research program in hematology at the University of North Carolina. He directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000 and returned to Rhode Island.(但在第一次世界大战后，他的母亲和叔叔告诉他，学习医学会是一个更好的选择。他于1955年获得医学学位，不久后移居美国。在美国，他在研究血液方面有着美好的职业生涯。然后他成为了一名正教授，并在1985年至1994年领导了血液学。Steiner帮助建立了北卡罗来纳大学血液学研究项目。他执导该节目，直到2000年从医学界退休，回到罗德岛)”可知，该段主要讲述了Steiner的医学生涯。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Marston说的话“He has written many papers in medical science, more papers than I’ve written in physics. He already had a scientific way of thinking that younger students have to develop(他写了很多医学论文，比我写的物理学论文还多。他已经有了一种科学的思维方式，年轻的学生必须培养这种思维方式)”推知，他对Steiner从事物理研究持肯定的态度。故选B。
31．推理判断题。本文讲述了Steiner的奋斗历程，结合第一段的“An 89-year-old man from the American state of Rhode Island has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward and nearly a lifetime thinking about.(来自美国罗德岛州的一位89岁的老人已经实现了一个目标，他花了20年的时间致力于这个目标，几乎一生都朝着该目标奋斗)”和最后一段的“But the professor soon realized how serious Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked.(但教授很快意识到Steiner对这个问题有多么认真，工作有多么努力)”推知，Steiner是一个勤奋努力的人。故选D。