Unit 3 Food and Culture 食物与文化（话题阅读精练）（解析版）
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Unit 3 Food and Culture 食物与文化
话题阅读精练
单元引言解读
Food brings people together on many different levels. It's nourishment of the soul and body; it's truly love.
—Giada De Laurentiis
释义：食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起。它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正的爱。
——吉娅达·德·劳伦蒂斯
启示：此引言充分说明了食物对人类的意义：它不仅为人们的身心健康提供养料，还在维系社会文化关系方面发挥着重要作用。
主题词汇积累
一、食物种类：
junk food 垃圾食品
lamb kebab 烤羊肉串
red braised pork 红烧肉
bean curd（tofu） 豆腐
dim sum 点心（中国食品）
二、烹饪相关：
consist of 由…… 组成（或构成）
slice...off 切下
pepper sth. with sth. 大量加入
recipe for …… 的烹饪法；…… 的秘诀
chef de cuisine 主厨
三、饮食健康：
balanced diet 均衡饮食
consume energy 消耗能量
in moderation 适度地，适量地
a fundamental key to healthy eating 健康饮食的基本要诀
be sensitive to dairy products 对乳制品敏感
四、文化关联：
Chinese cuisine 中国菜肴
bring home the bacon 挣到钱养家糊口
hot potato 棘手的问题，烫手山芋
stable social order 稳定的社会秩序
cultural association 文化关联
时文拓展阅读
（2024·吉林省长春市朝阳区长春市第二中学高二上期末）Britons are well known for the amount of tea that they drink. The average person in the UK consumes around 1.9 kg of tea yearly. That's around 876 cups of tea. Tea is drunk by all sections of society. But tea is not native to Britain. Most tea is grown in India and China. So， how did it become an important part of British culture？
Tea arrived in London in the 1600s. At this time， British ships were exploring the world and came across the drink in China. It was not long before green tea was available to buy. However， this was only available to the richer sections of society.
At the beginning of the 1700s， the amount of tea arriving in Britain increased gradually. Black tea arrived at this time. At first people drank this tea exactly as it was in China. They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar， giving the drink a special British characteristic.
In the 1800s tea was still a product enjoyed only by people with money. At this time they began to have “afternoon tea”. This involves drinking tea with a snack around 4 pm to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner. It is a tradition that is still going today but has become less popular in recent times.
In the late 1800s， the price of tea decreased sharply as more tea began to arrive on ships from India and China. It was no longer a drink just for rich people. Tearooms—shops where you could buy and drink tea—started to appear across the country. People enjoyed drinking tea and socialising in these places. At the start of the 20th century， Britons began to make tea in their homes whenever they felt like it. Kettles became necessary in every kitchen.
【译文欣赏】
英国人对茶的消费量闻名遐迩。英国普通人年均消耗约1.9公斤茶叶，相当于约876杯茶。社会各阶层都饮茶，但茶并非英国本土产物，多数茶叶产自印度和中国。那么，茶是如何成为英国文化重要组成部分的呢？
茶在17世纪传入伦敦。当时英国船只探索世界，在中国发现了这种饮品。不久后，绿茶就有了购买渠道，但那时只有富裕阶层才能享用。
18世纪初，运抵英国的茶叶数量逐渐增加，红茶也在此时传入。起初，人们完全按照中国的方式饮用红茶，后来他们很快发现，加入少量牛奶和糖能让茶的口感更佳，这也赋予了该饮品独特的英国特色。
19世纪时，茶仍是有钱人独享的产品。此时，“下午茶”习俗开始兴起，人们在下午4点左右边喝茶边吃点心，以避免午餐到晚餐之间感到饥饿。这一传统延续至今，但近年来已不如从前流行。
19世纪末，随着更多茶叶从印度和中国通过船只运抵英国，茶价大幅下跌，不再是富人的专属饮品。茶室（可购买和饮茶的店铺）开始在全国涌现，人们喜欢在这些地方饮茶并社交。20世纪初，英国人开始在家中随时煮茶，每个厨房都少不了水壶。
【词汇积累】
be well known for：因…… 闻名 come across：偶然发现 / 遇见
not long before：不久之后 available to：可被…… 获得的
at the beginning of：在…… 之初 mix with：与…… 混合
in recent times：近年来 decrease sharply：大幅下降
【知识拓展】
茶与生活的启示:
文化融合的智慧：英国将中国红茶与本土饮食偏好（加奶、糖）结合，形成独特茶文化，启示我们：不同文化的碰撞并非冲突，而是创新的契机 —— 接纳差异并加以融合，能创造新的价值。
平凡中的仪式感：从贵族专属到全民日常，茶的普及印证了 “生活的诗意不在于物质稀缺，而在于对细节的珍视”。即使是普通的一杯茶，也能通过仪式（如下午茶习俗）赋予生活温度。
慢下来的哲学：泡茶需等待水沸、茶叶舒展，这与快节奏的现代生活形成对比。喝茶的过程提醒我们：耐心等待与静心品味，是对抗焦虑的良药，正如茶香需时间沉淀，美好事物也需用心感受。
【词汇延伸】
茶类与饮品 茶具与动作 文化与习俗
black tea 红茶 green tea 绿茶 herbal tea 花草茶 milk tea 奶茶 bubble tea 珍珠奶茶 tea set 茶具 tea kettle 茶壶 brew tea 沏茶 steep tea 泡茶 pour tea 倒茶 tea ceremony 茶道 tea party 茶会 high tea 晚餐茶（搭配热食） tea culture 茶文化 tea house 茶馆
【长难句分析】
1. It was not long before green tea was available to buy. However, this was only available to the richer sections of society.
分析：
前句使用 “It was not long before...” 句型，意为 “不久之后……”，before 引导时间状语从句，强调绿茶普及的速度。
后句 “available to” 表示 “可被…… 获得”，通过 “richer sections” 对比，突出当时茶的阶级属性。
翻译：不久后，绿茶就有了购买渠道，但那时只有富裕阶层才能享用。
2. They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar，giving the drink a special British characteristic.
分析：
that 引导宾语从句，说明 “discovered” 的内容；
“giving the drink...characteristic” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，解释加奶和糖的影响。
翻译：后来他们很快发现，加入少量牛奶和糖能让茶的口感更佳，这也赋予了该饮品独特的英国特色。
3. This involves drinking tea with a snack around 4 pm to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner.
分析：
“involves doing sth.” 表示 “涉及 / 包括做某事”；
不定式短语 “to avoid feeling hungry” 作目的状语，说明喝下午茶的意图。
翻译：这意味着在下午 4 点左右边喝茶边吃点心，以避免午餐到晚餐之间感到饥饿。
高考真题链接
（2023·全国乙卷·高考真题）What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
8．What do people usually think of British food
A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation.
9．Which best describes cookery programme on British TV
A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential.
10．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%.
11．What might the author continue talking about
A．The art of cooking in other countries. B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters.
【答案】8．A 9．D 10．D 11．B
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting ”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
1.原句：Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
结构解析：
让步状语从句：Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine（尽管英国以不太出色的烹饪闻名）。
主句：it is producing more top class chefs（它正在培养更多顶级厨师）。
定语从句 1：who appear frequently on our television screens（他们频繁出现在电视屏幕上），修饰 “chefs”。
定语从句 2：whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists（他们的食谱书常居畅销书榜首），同样修饰 “chefs”，通过 “whose” 连接所属关系。
翻译：尽管英国以不太出色的烹饪闻名，但它正培养出更多顶级厨师，这些厨师频繁出现在电视屏幕上，他们的食谱书也常居畅销书榜首。
2.原句：It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.
结构解析：
强调句：It’s + 强调部分（thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign）+ that + 剩余部分。
谓语部分：are turning away from... and becoming...（正在远离…… 并变得……），用 and 连接两个并列的现在分词结构。
翻译：正是多亏了这些电视厨师，而非任何广告活动，英国人才开始远离 “肉和两种蔬菜” 及即食食品，并在烹饪习惯上变得更具冒险精神。
英文词汇 / 短语 中文解释 拓展用法 / 例句
less-than-impressive 不太令人印象深刻的 反义词：impressive（令人印象深刻的）
cuisine [kw zi n] 烹饪；菜肴 French cuisine 法国菜；a cuisine expert 烹饪专家
top class chefs 顶级厨师 top 在此为形容词，意为 “顶尖的”；也可作动词，如 top the list（位居榜首）
recipe books 食谱书 recipe [ res pi] n. 食谱；秘诀
turn away from 远离；放弃 同义短语：abandon, give up on
meat-and-two-veg 肉和两种蔬菜（英国传统饮食） 典型英式家常菜，如烤牛肉配土豆和胡萝卜
ready-made meals 即食食品 ready-made adj. 现成的；meals 可替换为 foods
adventurous [ d vent r s] 富有冒险精神的；创新的 在文中指尝试新食材或烹饪方法：an adventurous cook 勇于创新的厨师
ingredients [ n ɡri di nts] 配料；原料 烹饪类核心词汇，如 main ingredients 主要原料
obsession [ b se n] 痴迷；热衷 搭配：obsession with sth. 对…… 的痴迷；形容词：obsessed（be obsessed with）
broadcast [ br dk st] 播出；广播 过去式 / 过去分词：broadcast 或 broadcasted
背景知识：
1.英国饮食文化的传统与变革：
传统英国饮食常被调侃为 “简单乏味”，典型如 “炸鱼薯条（fish and chips）”“周日烤肉（Sunday roast）”，以肉类、土豆和蔬菜为主，口味偏清淡。
21 世纪以来，英国饮食受多元文化（如印度、中国、地中海饮食）及电视烹饪节目的影响，逐渐向多样化、国际化转变。例如，戈登 拉姆齐（Gordon Ramsay）、杰米 奥利弗（Jamie Oliver）等电视厨师通过节目推广新鲜食材和创新烹饪，推动了英国 “饮食革命”。
2.电视烹饪节目的社会影响：
英国是烹饪节目大国，代表节目如《厨艺大师》（MasterChef）、《周六厨房》（Saturday Kitchen），不仅改变了公众的烹饪习惯，还催生了 “家庭烹饪热”，尤其是年轻一代对食材品质和烹饪技巧的关注度显著提升。
数据支持：文中提到 “1/5 英国人因看电视烹饪节目尝试新食物”，反映出媒体对饮食文化的重塑作用。
阅读微技能（解题技巧）
8. 细节理解题：What do people usually think of British food
关键词定位：题干中 “usually think of” 对应首段 “comes into your mind”“reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine”。
选项分析：
A. It is simple and plain.（简单朴素）—— 与 “uninteresting”“meat-and-two-veg” 呼应，正确。
B. It is rich in nutrition.（营养丰富）—— 文中未提及，排除。
C. It lacks authentic tastes.（缺乏正宗风味）——“authentic” 无依据，排除。
D. It deserves a high reputation.（享有高声誉）—— 与 “less-than-impressive” 矛盾，排除。
技巧：通过首段转折词 “But” 前的内容快速定位传统印象，注意形容词（如 uninteresting）的情感色彩。
9. 推理判断题：Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
关键词定位：“cookery programmes” 对应第二段 “TV chefs”“helped change what people think” 及第三段 “encouraged them to try different food”。
选项分析：
D. Influential（有影响力的）—— 与 “changed cooking habits”“more confident” 等表述一致，正确。
A. Authoritative（权威的）、B. Creative（创意的）、C. Profitable（盈利的）—— 文中未强调节目权威性、盈利性或创意本身，排除。
技巧：关注文中因果关系词（如 thanks to, help, encourage），通过结果反推节目特点。
10. 细节理解题：Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
关键词定位：“percentage”“more diverse ingredients” 对应第三段 “Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients”。
选项分析：
D. 33%——“one third” 约等于 33.3%，与选项 D 最接近，正确。
A. 20%（1/5）、B. 24%、C. 25%（1/4）—— 均对应文中其他数据，排除。
技巧：快速匹配分数与百分比（1/3≈33%，1/4=25%，1/5=20%），注意题干与原文的同义替换（wider variety = more diverse）。
11. 推理判断题：What might the author continue talking about
段落逻辑分析：末段最后一句提到 “With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”，话题聚焦于 “男性厨师”。
选项分析：
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.（电视上的男性厨师）—— 与末段尾句衔接最紧密，正确。
A. 其他国家的烹饪艺术、C. 英国餐桌礼仪、D. 大胃王研究 —— 均与文章主题 “英国饮食与电视节目影响” 无关，排除。
技巧：段落推断题需关注尾段核心话题，正确选项通常与尾句关键词（如 male chefs）直接相关，避免过度引申。
总结：
文章主题：英国饮食从传统 “乏味” 向现代 “多元” 的转变，电视烹饪节目对公众烹饪习惯的影响。
解题核心：通过关键词定位（如 reputation, TV chefs, percentage）和段落逻辑（如首段转折、末段延伸）快速破题，注意同义替换和情感色彩词的作用。
综合实战演练
语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介
Passage 1 阅读理解 新闻报道 344 文章讲述了亿万富翁Carl Icahn为了猪的福利与麦当劳斗争的故事，他建议麦当劳采购非圈养的生猪。
Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 293 文章主要介绍食物与文化紧密相连，能反映社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。
Passage 3 七选五 说明文 295 本文介绍了如何制作自制食物的方法和建议。
Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 302 本文主要介绍了披萨的历史渊源、发展过程以及在全球范围内的流行和多样化。
Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 346 文章介绍了澳大利亚科学家发现，人们看到的上一张食物图片会无意识地影响对下一张的评分，即存在序列依赖效应，这一机制可应用于菜单设计、营销策略及饮食障碍治疗。
Passage 6 阅读理解 说明文 341 文章主要讲述了保护组织Oceana的报告指出可口可乐公司塑料污染问题严重，分析原因并建议其用可重复使用包装取代一次性包装。
Passage 7 阅读理解 说明文 233 文章主要讲述茶和咖啡的起源、制作材料、在不同国家的文化意义以及人们的饮用习惯差异。文章通过对比茶与咖啡的历史背景、社会功能和文化内涵，突出了它们在日常生活中的角色。
Passage 8 七选五 说明文 307 文章主要讲述了土耳其人热爱喝茶，政府正推动茶叶有机种植以提高出口价格，但有机茶叶成本高，且在经济不景气时，说服土耳其人购买将更具挑战性。
Passage 1
（24-25高一下·湖北武汉·期末）Billionaire Carl Icahn has stepped up his fight with McDonald’s over the welfare of pigs used in its food chain. Mr Icahn, whose no-nonsense reputation for shaking-up companies made him a Wall Street legend, has proposed Leslie Samuelrich and Maisie Ganzler stand for election at the 2022 annual meeting. He owns only 200 McDonald’s shares (股份), which gives him power to stir up for change, though it was reported that he was inspired by his daughter, an animal right activist who has worked for the Humane Society.
McDonald’s says it has led the way in improving animal welfare standards. The battle centers on claims about pregnant pigs being kept in small crates (板条箱), a practice Mr Icahn said was “dirty”. He said McDonald’s had not lived up to a promise to stop the pork from pigs housed in crates for the pregnant, a practice targeted by animal lovers. He had asked all McDonald’s pork suppliers in the US to move to “crate-free pork”, along time-frames he had set.
Activist investors such as Mr Icahn-one of a handful of feared investors said to have been the model for Gordon Gekko in the 1987 movie Wall Street-normally focus on companies they believe need restructuring.
McDonald’s promised to stop ordering pork from suppliers putting pregnant pigs in crates back in 2012. The firm said it had “led the industry” since then and about a third of US pork suppliers have moved to group housing systems. It said it expected to source 85% to 90% of its pork from these suppliers by the year’s end. All of the pork it buys will come from these suppliers by 2024.
McDonald’s said in a statement that it would continue to work with the industry to improve standards, but that some of Mr Icahn’s demands were unreasonable. It also noted that Mr Icahn was the majority owner of Viskase, which makes and supplies packaging for the pork and poultry industry. It added that he had “not publicly called” on Viskase to make similar commitments.
1．What enables Mr Icahn to fight with McDonald’s
A．His determination for shaking-up companies. B．His 200 McDonald’s shares.
C．His animal-lover daughter. D．His proposal for two people.
2．The underlined word “no-nonsense” in paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A．humorous and easy-going B．direct and serious C．careless and lazy D．unlucky and poor
3．What pork does Mr Icahn recommend
A．Pork from pigs raised by convention. B．Pork from pigs kept in small crates.
C．Pork from crate-free pigs. D．Pork from pregnant pigs.
4．What has McDonald said
A．All its pork will meet Mr Icahn’s standard this year.
B．It has become No. 1 in the food industry since 2012.
C．Mr Icahn should make the same demand for Viskase.
D．It is unreasonable for Mr Icahn to be an owner of Viskase
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了亿万富翁Carl Icahn为了猪的福利与麦当劳斗争的故事，他建议麦当劳采购非圈养的生猪。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He owns only 200 McDonald’s shares (股份), which gives him power to stir up for change, though it was reported that he was inspired by his daughter, an animal right activist who has worked for the Humane Society.(他只拥有200股麦当劳的股票，这给了他推动变革的权力，尽管据报道，他是受到女儿的启发，女儿是一名动物权利活动家，曾在人道协会工作)”可知，卡尔·伊坎拥有的200股麦当劳股票使他能够与麦当劳对抗。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Mr Icahn, whose no-nonsense reputation for shaking-up companies made him a Wall Street legend, has proposed Leslie Samuelrich and Maisie Ganzler stand for election at the 2022 annual meeting.(卡尔·伊坎以no-nonsense的作风而闻名，这使他成为了华尔街的传奇人物。他提议莱斯利·塞缪尔里奇和梅西·甘兹勒参加2022年年会的选举)”可知，卡尔·伊坎因重组公司而闻名，成为华尔街传奇，这种行事风格应是雷厉风行的，也就是直接而严肃的，因此可以推断出“no-nonsense”的意思是“直接而严肃的”。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He had asked all McDonald’s pork suppliers in the US to move to “crate-free pork”, along time-frames he had set.(他要求麦当劳在美国的所有猪肉供应商按照他设定的时间框架转向“无板条箱猪肉”)”可知，卡尔·伊坎推荐的是来自无板条箱猪的猪肉。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It also noted that Mr Icahn was the majority owner of Viskase, which makes and supplies packaging for the pork and poultry industry. It added that he had “not publicly called” on Viskase to make similar commitments.(报告还指出，伊坎是Viskase的大股东，该公司为猪肉和家禽行业制造和供应包装材料。报告补充说，他没有“公开呼吁”Viskase做出类似的承诺)”可推知，麦当劳表示卡尔·伊坎应该对Viskase提出同样的要求。故选C。
Passage 2
（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）Food is not just a means of satisfying hunger; it is deeply intertwined with culture. It reflects the history, traditions, values, and social structures of a society. For example, in many Asian cultures, rice is a staple food that has been cultivated for thousands of years. The way rice is grown, prepared, and served is an integral part of the culture. In Japan, the art of making sushi, which uses rice as a base, is highly regarded. Sushi-making involves precise techniques and an understanding of the quality of ingredients. It is not only a culinary skill but also a cultural expression that reflects the Japanese values of precision, harmony, and respect for nature.
In Western cultures, bread holds a significant place. In France, the baguette is more than just a type of bread; it is a symbol of French culture. The process of making a baguette requires patience and skill, from kneading the dough to baking it to a perfect golden-brown crust. French people often enjoy baguettes with cheese, butter, or cold cuts, and it is a common sight to see them walking down the street with a freshly baked baguette under their arm. This simple yet iconic food represents the French love for good food, their appreciation for the artisanal, and their relaxed lifestyle.
Food also plays a crucial role in cultural celebrations. In the United States, Thanksgiving is a major holiday centered around a large meal. The traditional Thanksgiving dinner includes turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie. These foods are not only delicious but also have historical and cultural significance. Turkey, for example, was one of the foods served at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621, symbolizing the harvest and the cooperation between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans.
1．What does the example of sushi-making in Japan show
A．The importance of rice in Asian diets. B．The high-level culinary skills in Japan.
C．The reflection of Japanese culture in food. D．The popularity of sushi in Japan.
2．Why is the baguette important in French culture
A．It is the most popular food in France. B．It represents French cultural values.
C．It is easy to make and widely available. D．It is often served with other delicious foods.
3．What can we learn about Thanksgiving food in the United States
A．It has no special cultural meaning. B．It is mainly about enjoying delicious food.
C．It symbolizes historical events and cooperation. D．It has changed a lot over the years.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The variety of staple foods in different cultures. B．The role of food in cultural celebrations.
C．The importance of food in different countries. D．The deep connection between food and culture.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍食物与文化紧密相连，能反映社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Japan, the art of making sushi, which uses rice as a base, is highly regarded. Sushi-making involves precise techniques and an understanding of the quality of ingredients. It is not only a culinary skill but also a cultural expression that reflects the Japanese values of precision, harmony, and respect for nature.(在日本，以米饭为基础的寿司制作艺术备受推崇。寿司制作涉及精确的技巧和对食材质量的了解。它不仅是一种烹饪技巧，也是一种文化表达，反映了日本人对精确、和谐和尊重自然的价值观。)”可知，日本寿司制作的例子表明食物中反映了日本文化。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In France, the baguette is more than just a type of bread; it is a symbol of French culture. (在法国，法棍面包不仅仅是一种面包，它是法国文化的象征。)”以及“This simple yet iconic food represents the French love for good food, their appreciation for the artisanal, and their relaxed lifestyle.(这种简单而标志性的食物代表了法国人对美食的热爱，对手工艺的欣赏，以及他们轻松的生活方式。)”可知，法棍面包在法国文化中很重要是因为它代表了法国的文化价值观。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These foods are not only delicious but also have historical and cultural significance. Turkey, for example, was one of the foods served at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621, symbolizing the harvest and the cooperation between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans.(这些食物不仅美味，而且具有历史和文化意义。例如，火鸡是1621年第一次感恩节盛宴上供应的食物之一，象征着收获和清教徒与美洲原住民之间的合作。)”可知，美国的感恩节食物象征着历史事件和合作。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Food is not just a means of satisfying hunger; it is deeply intertwined with culture. It reflects the history, traditions, values, and social structures of a society.(食物不仅仅是满足饥饿的一种手段，它与文化深深交织在一起。它反映了一个社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。)”可知，这篇文章的主要思想是食物和文化之间的深层联系。故选D项。
Passage 3
（山西省阳泉市2024~2025学年高一下学期期末英语试题）How to Make Homemade Food
Making homemade food is a great way to save money and eat well. Here are ways to make your own food.
1
Every home chef needs to know some basic skills, like how to chop (切) vegetables, boil an egg, and cook rice. These skills will take you far if you spend some time learning them now before trying more complicated recipes (菜谱).
Learn kitchen safety to protect yourself and others.
Kitchen safety is about obvious about obvious dangers, such as cutting yourself with a knife or burning yourself on the stove. 2 Since we often ignore them, it becomes crucial to seek out more knowledge. Explore videos about kitchen safety to help you learn things.
Find recipes online and through cooking apps.
When you’re just starting out, a recipe is a good place to begin. 3 It can be a great way to get started when you don’t have much experience. Cooking apps put the recipes at the tips of your fingers, and you can save your favorite recipes for later.
Be creative!
4 A recipe is just a guide, and you have to develop the knowledge to know when you need to follow that guide and when not to. Make your own rules in the kitchen.
Be prepared for mistakes, but don’t worry about them.
Mistakes are going to happen in the kitchen. Try to correct them if you can. If you can’t fix them, laugh them off and learn from your mistake! If you want to try a new recipe, practice when you have the time, such as on the weekend. 5 With much practice, you’ll gain confidence and skill, turning homemade cooking into a rewarding and enjoyable part of your life.
A．It’s okay to change the recipe.
B．Don’t completely change your recipe.
C．Try watching videos to learn the basics.
D．Look for simple recipes that you’d like to try.
E．However, it’s also about the less obvious dangers.
F．Work on your basic skills to improve your cooking.
G．Don’t try it out when you are going to be feeding a crowd.
【答案】1．F 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了如何制作自制食物的方法和建议。
1．根据下文“Every home chef needs to know some basic skills, like how to chop (切) vegetables, boil an egg, and cook rice.(每个家庭厨师都需要知道一些基本技能，比如如何切蔬菜、煮鸡蛋和煮米饭)”可知，每个家庭厨师都需要知道一些基本技能，比如如何切菜、煮鸡蛋和煮米饭。F项“提升你的厨艺需要练习基本技能。”符合语境，引出下文。故选F。
2．根据上文“Kitchen safety is about obvious about obvious dangers, such as cutting yourself with a knife or burning yourself on the stove. (厨房安全涉及明显的危险，比如用刀割伤自己或在炉子上烫伤自己)”可知，这句话列举了厨房中一些显而易见的安全隐患。E项“然而，它也涉及不太明显的危险。”符合语境，与上文形成转折关系，说明厨房安全不仅仅涉及这些明显的危险，还包括一些不那么容易被注意到的风险。故选E。
3．根据上文“When you’re just starting out, a recipe is a good place to begin. (当你刚开始学做饭时，食谱是一个很好的起点)”可知，当你刚开始时，食谱是一个好的起点。D项“寻找你想尝试的简单食谱。”符合语境，承接上文，说明初学者应该寻找一些简单且自己感兴趣的食谱来尝试，这样更容易上手并增加学习的乐趣。故选D。
4．上文“Be creative! (发挥创造力！)”可知，要有创造力！再根据下文“A recipe is just a guide, and you have to develop the knowledge to know when you need to follow that guide and when not to. (食谱只是一个指南，你必须发展自己的知识，知道什么时候需要遵循指南，什么时候不需要)”可知，食谱只是一个指南。A项“可以改变食谱。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。
5．根据上文“If you want to try a new recipe, practice when you have the time, such as on the weekend. (如果你想尝试一种新的食谱，在你有时间的时候练习，比如在周末)”可知，如果你想尝试一个新食谱，在你有时间的时候练习，比如周末。G项“不要在你要招待很多人的时候尝试。”符合语境，承接上文。故选G。
Passage 4
（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）Pizza, one of the most popular foods worldwide, has a long and rich history that is closely tied to Italian culture. Its origins can be traced back to ancient civilizations. In ancient Greece, people baked flatbreads with various toppings, which were a precursor to modern-day pizza. However, it was in Naples, Italy, that pizza as we know it today truly took shape.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Naples was a bustling city with a large working-class population. Pizza became a popular and affordable meal for the locals. These early pizzas were simple, with a basic dough topped with tomatoes, cheese, and sometimes herbs. They were often sold by street vendors and eaten on the go.
The turning point for pizza’s popularity came in 1889 when a Neapolitan pizza maker named Raffaele Esposito created a special pizza for the visit of King Umberto I and Queen Margherita of Italy. To represent the colors of the Italian flag, he used tomatoes (red), mozzarella cheese (white), and basil (green). This pizza, named Pizza Margherita, not only became an instant favorite of the royal couple but also a symbol of Italian national identity.
As Italians immigrated to other parts of the world, especially the United States, they brought their love for pizza with them. In the early 20th century, the first pizzerias opened in American cities like New York. Initially, pizza was mainly popular among Italian - American communities. But over time, with marketing efforts and the increasing acceptance of diverse cuisines, pizza became a mainstream food in America. Today, pizza is a global phenomenon, with countless variations in toppings, crust styles, and cooking methods. From the thin - crust New York - style pizza to the deep - dish Chicago - style pizza, each region has put its own spin on this classic dish.
1．What was the precursor of modern-day pizza
A．Ancient Greek flatbreads with toppings. B．Neapolitan street-sold bread.
C．The bread baked by Raffaele Esposito. D．The food sold in early American pizzerias.
2．Why did Raffaele Esposito create Pizza Margherita
A．To make a pizza for the working-class. B．To show his baking skills.
C．To represent the colors of the Italian flag. D．To create a new type of pizza for sale.
3．How did pizza become popular in America
A．Italian immigrants introduced it and marketing efforts helped.
B．American people traveled to Italy and brought it back.
C．American pizzerias sold it at a very low price.
D．The royal couple of Italy recommended it to Americans.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Pizza has always been popular all over the world.
B．Different regions have different styles of pizza.
C．The original pizza had a lot of complex toppings.
D．Pizza is the most popular food in the United States.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了披萨的历史渊源、发展过程以及在全球范围内的流行和多样化。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In ancient Greece, people baked flatbreads with various toppings, which were a precursor to modern-day pizza. (在古希腊，人们烤制带有各种配料的薄饼，这是现代披萨的前身)”可知，现代披萨的前身是古希腊带有配料的薄饼。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To represent the colors of the Italian flag, he used tomatoes (red), mozzarella cheese (white), and basil (green). This pizza, named Pizza Margherita, not only became an instant favorite of the royal couple but also a symbol of Italian national identity. (为了代表意大利国旗的颜色，他使用了西红柿（红色）、马苏里拉奶酪（白色）和罗勒（绿色）。这款名为玛格丽塔披萨的披萨不仅迅速成为这对皇室夫妇的最爱，也是意大利民族身份的象征)”可知，拉斐尔·埃斯波西托创作玛格丽特披萨是为了代表意大利国旗的颜色。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As Italians immigrated to other parts of the world, especially the United States, they brought their love for pizza with them. In the early 20th century, the first pizzerias opened in American cities like New York. Initially, pizza was mainly popular among Italian - American communities. But over time, with marketing efforts and the increasing acceptance of diverse cuisines, pizza became a mainstream food in America. (当意大利人移民到世界其他地区，尤其是美国时，他们带来了对披萨的热爱。20世纪初，第一家披萨店在纽约等美国城市开业。最初，披萨主要在意大利裔美国人社区流行。但随着时间的推移，随着营销的努力和人们对各种美食的日益接受，披萨成为美国的主流食物)”可知，披萨在美国流行起来是因为意大利移民的引入以及营销努力的帮助。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today, pizza is a global phenomenon, with countless variations in toppings, crust styles, and cooking methods. From the thin-crust New York-style pizza to the deep-dish Chicago-style pizza, each region has put its own spin on this classic dish. (如今，披萨已成为一种全球现象，配料、饼底风格和烹饪方法都有无数种变化。从薄饼底的纽约风格披萨到深盘芝加哥风格披萨，每个地区都为这道经典菜肴赋予了自己的特色)”可知，不同地区有不同风格的披萨。故选B项。
Passage 5
（24-25高一下·浙江丽水·期末）Have you ever wondered why you choose one food over another Scientists in Australia have made an interesting discovery. They found that what we see right before looking at food can influence our food decisions. This finding could change how we market food, design restaurant menus, and even treat eating disorders.
Professor David Alais from the University of Sydney led the study. His team ran an experiment with 600 people. They showed the participants hundreds of food images one by one. The participants had to move a slider and click to rate how attractive the food looked and guess its calorie content.
After analyzing the results carefully, they discovered something called serial dependence (序列依赖). This means that if you saw a food you really liked or thought had a high calorie count, you were more likely to rate the next food higher than you normally would. On the other hand, if the previous food didn’t look good to you, the next one would probably get a lower rating. This effect is automatic (自动的), just like when the wind blows on your skin or you see a bright red flash. It’s related to how our senses work, and it’s connected to a part of the brain that scientists have only recently learned about.
This could affect how we make choices on delivery apps or digital restaurant menus, where consumers are faced with food decisions based on many images of food. Maybe the food that seems more attractive isn’t really the one we want the most. It could be because the previous image made it seem better. Restaurants and marketers can also benefit from this knowledge. Restaurants can arrange their menus to make customers like more profitable dishes. For example, they can put high-profit items after some really attractive food pictures.
After further research is carried out, this could also be used in the treatment of eating disorders. They can use this “simple sensory process” to help those who overeat or undereat change the way they think about food.
1．What were the participants expected to do in the study
A．Grade the appearance of the food.
B．Design suitable restaurant menus.
C．Guess the calorie of the eaten food.
D．Click on the attractive food images.
2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．How serial dependence is applied.
B．How serial dependence works.
C．What influences serial dependence.
D．What causes serial dependence.
3．How can restaurants make profits according to paragraph 4
A．By choosing pretty food images.
B．By arranging free delivery services.
C．By making decisions for customers.
D．By adjusting the sequence of items.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．New Reasons Why We Make Food Choices
B．Important Facts about Our Food Marketing
C．Several Good Ways to Treat Eating Disorder
D．The Unusual Discoverer of Serial Dependence
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚科学家发现，人们看到的上一张食物图片会无意识地影响对下一张的评分，即存在序列依赖效应，这一机制可应用于菜单设计、营销策略及饮食障碍治疗。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They showed the participants hundreds of food images one by one. The participants had to move a slider and click to rate how attractive the food looked and guess its calorie content. (研究人员向参与者逐一展示数百张食物图片。参与者需滑动滑块并点击，以评估食物的吸引力并猜测其热量)”可知，参与者被要求对食物外观进行评分。故选A项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“This means that if you saw a food you really liked or thought had a high calorie count, you were more likely to rate the next food higher than you normally would. On the other hand, if the previous food didn’t look good to you, the next one would probably get a lower rating. This effect is automatic (自动的), just like when the wind blows on your skin or you see a bright red flash. It’s related to how our senses work, and it’s connected to a part of the brain that scientists have only recently learned about. (这意味着，如果你看到一种特别喜欢的食物或认为高热量的食物，你对下一道食物的评分往往会比平时更高。反之，如果前一道食物看起来不怎么样，你对下一道的评分可能就会偏低。这种影响是自动产生的——就像风吹过皮肤或眼前闪过一道红光那样自然。它与我们的感官运作方式有关，且与科学家近年才发现的大脑区域存在关联)”可知，该段核心在解释serial dependence“序列依赖”的作用机制：前一张图片如何影响后一张的评分，并强调其自动性和感官关联性。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Restaurants can arrange their menus to make customers like more profitable dishes. For example, they can put high-profit items after some really attractive food pictures. (餐馆可以调整菜单，让顾客喜欢利润更高的菜肴。例如，他们可以把高利润的产品放在一些非常吸引人的食物图片后面)”可知，餐厅可以通过调整菜单顺序来获利。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Have you ever wondered why you choose one food over another Scientists in Australia have made an interesting discovery. They found that what we see right before looking at food can influence our food decisions. (你有没有想过为什么自己会选择某种食物？澳大利亚的科学家们有了一个有趣的发现：在我们看到食物前一刻所见的画面，会影响我们对食物的选择)”可知，文章围绕澳大利亚科学家的一项研究展开，该研究发现，人们看到的上一张食物图片会无意识地影响对下一张的评分，即存在序列依赖效应，这解释了我们会选择某种食物的原因。因此，A项“我们选择食物的新原因”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
Passage 6
（24-25高二下·浙江温州·期末）Coca-Cola will be using over 4.1 billion kilograms of plastic a year by the year 2030, unless it stops using single-use plastic, according to a report from the conservation organization Oceana.
Oceana also estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 million kilograms of Coca-Cola’s plastic packaging will be polluting the world’s oceans and waterways. The report says that this is enough plastic to fill the stomachs of 18 million blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using Coca-Cola’s own reported data on its use of plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a forecast of the company’s future sales growth based on past trends.
A 2024 study found that Coca-Cola is already the world’s worst plastic-polluting brand. Oceana says the problem is Coca-Cola’s use of single-use plastic instead of reusable packaging. Reusable bottles can be used up to 25 times if made of thicker plastic, and up to 50 times if made of glass. Coca-Cola previously had a goal of using 25% reusable packaging by 2030, but announced that it had given up that goal at the end of 2024.
Instead, the company says it will increase the use of recycled plastic in its packaging and increase collection of single-use plastic bottles for further recycling. However, Oceana says that relying on the use of recycled materials and collection of plastic for recycling won’t reduce the great influence of Coca-Cola’ s plastic footprint.
The organization’s Senior Vice President Matt Littlejohn said: “Single-use plastic is bad for the oceans, human health, and business. Recycling can’t solve the company’s out-of-control plastic problem. Reuse can.” He added, “Single-use plastic bottles made with recycled content can — just like bottles made of virgin plastic — still become marine pollution and harm ocean life.” As well as harming sea life, plastic use is also harmful for human health. Several studies have connected plastic pollution and microplastics to serious health conditions, such as cancer, heart disease and dementia. Oceana suggests Coca-Cola should take real action that can address its plastic problem now, namely replacing single-use packaging with reusable packaging.
1．What was Coca-Cola’s original plan for 2030
A．To use 25% reusable packaging.
B．To stop all plastic bottle production.
C．To recycle 100% of its plastic waste.
D．To replace plastics with glass bottles.
2．What is Oceana’s attitude toward Coca-Cola’s recycled plastic policy
A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Reserved. D．Indifferent.
3．What can we infer according to Matt Littlejohn
A．Blue whales are the most affected by plastic waste.
B．Reusable packaging is a better solution than recycling.
C．Microplastics mainly come from non-recycled bottles.
D．Coca-Cola’s new plan will solve plastic pollution effectively.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the passage
A．How to Stop Ocean Pollution.
B．Coca-Cola’s New Reusable Plan.
C．A Growing Threat of Plastic Bottles.
D．Coca-Cola’s Plastic Pollution Problem.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了保护组织Oceana的报告指出可口可乐公司塑料污染问题严重，分析原因并建议其用可重复使用包装取代一次性包装。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Coca-Cola previously had a goal of using 25% reusable packaging by 2030, but announced that it had given up that goal at the end of 203.(可口可乐此前的目标是到2030年使用25%的可重复使用包装，但在203年底宣布放弃了这一目标)”可知，可口可乐2030年的原计划是使用25%的可重复使用包装。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, Oceana says that relying on the use of recycled materials and collection of plastic for recycling won’t reduce the great influence of Coca-Cola’s plastic footprint.(然而，Oceana表示，依靠使用回收材料和收集塑料进行回收利用，并不能减少可口可乐塑料足迹的巨大影响)”可知，Oceana认为可口可乐的回收塑料政策不能解决问题，所以会对其持批判态度。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中Matt Littlejohn认的话“Single-use plastic is bad for the oceans, human health, and business. Recycling can’t solve the company’s out of control plastic problem. Reuse can.(一次性塑料对海洋、人类健康和企业都有害。回收利用无法解决该公司失控的塑料问题。重复使用可以)”和“Single-use plastic bottles made with recycled content can — just like bottles made of virgin plastic — still become marine pollution and harm ocean life.(用回收材料制成的一次性塑料瓶——就像用原生塑料制成的瓶子一样——仍然会污染海洋，危害海洋生物)”可知，Matt Littlejohn认为回收利用无法解决失控的塑料问题，用回收材料制成的塑料制品仍然会污染海洋，危害海洋生物，所以可重复使用包装是更好的解决方案。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Coca-Cola will be using over 4.1 billion kilograms of plastic a year by the year 2030, unless it stops using single-use plastic, according to a report from the conservation organization Oceana.(保护组织Oceana的一份报告称，到2030年，可口可乐每年将使用超过41亿公斤的塑料，除非它停止使用一次性塑料)”和第三段中“Oceana says the problem is Coca-Cola’s use of single-use plastic instead of reusable packaging.(Oceana表示，问题在于可口可乐使用一次性塑料而不是可重复使用的包装)”可知，本文主要围绕可口可乐的塑料污染问题展开，分析了原因并建议其用可重复使用包装取代一次性包装。故D项“Coca-Cola’s Plastic Pollution Problem(可口可乐的塑料污染问题)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。
Passage 7
（23-24高三上·广东江门·期中）Tea drinking started in China over 4000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with stress or losing weight.
However, most people in tea-drinking countries think of tea as more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is a part of the culture. In Turkey, tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcoming. In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers.
Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers.
Is tea or coffee more common in your country Between the two, which do you like to drink more
1．Where did tea drinking start
A．In Japan. B．In China. C．In Turkey D．In the UK.
2．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that people in the UK ________.
A．drink tea to get fat B．offer tea to say goodbye
C．think of tea as a bad drink D．have tea to relax themselves
3．What is coffee made from
A．Leaves. B．Sugar. C．Dishes. D．Beans.
4．Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3
A．Coffee came much earlier than tea.
B．Many people drink coffee to wake up.
C．Many people work on their computers in coffee shops.
D．Some people meet and talk with friends in coffee shops
5．What is the best title of the passage
A．The Smells of Tea and Coffee
B．The Prices of Tea and Coffee
C．The different Cultures of Tea and Coffee
D．The Different Ways of Making Tea and Coffee
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文体裁为说明文，主要讲述茶和咖啡的起源、制作材料、在不同国家的文化意义以及人们的饮用习惯差异。文章通过对比茶与咖啡的历史背景、社会功能和文化内涵，突出了它们在日常生活中的角色。
1．细节理解题。由第一段“Tea drinking started in China over 4000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. (饮茶始于4000多年前的中国。茶是用叶子制成的。)”可知，茶饮起源于中国。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。由第二段“In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers. (在英国，家庭和办公室通常都有喝茶的时间。下午茶时间供应茶和其他菜肴。这是一种与朋友或同事放松的方式。)”可知，英国人们喝茶是为了放松自己。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。由第三段“Coffee is made from beans. (咖啡是用豆子做的。)”可知，咖啡由豆子制成。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。由第一段“Tea drinking started in China over 4000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. (饮茶始于4000多年前的中国。茶是用叶子制成的。)”和第三段“Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1000 years ago. (咖啡比茶来得晚得多，大约在1000多年前。)”可知，A项“咖啡比茶来得早得多。”错误。故选A项。
5．主旨大意题。文章核心围绕茶和咖啡的文化差异与饮用习惯，如茶在土耳其和英国的文化仪式、咖啡的提神功能和社会场景。选项C“The different Cultures of Tea and Coffee (茶和咖啡的不同文化)”全面涵盖主题。故选C项。
Passage 8
（24-25高一下·上海·阶段练习）Tea for Two Times the Price
There is so little Turks agree on these days that even settling on the country’s national drink is hard. Secularists pick raki, a wine best had with baked fish and music. Religious conservatives, including President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, insist on a milky and non-alcoholic drink called ayran.
1 An average Turk gets through about 3.5kg of tea every year, or almost four glasses a day, ahead of every other country including Britain, India, China and Russia. Turkey is also the world’s sixth-biggest producer of the leaf. No one has ever entered a house or a government office in Turkey without being offered a glass. (Cups are for coffee, or for tourists.)
Now change is taking place in an ancient industry. The government is offering subsidies (补贴) to tea farmers who go organic, hoping that foreigners will then pay more for Turkish tea. 2
At one of the company’s factories near Rize, a drab city bordered on one side by the sea and by mountains covered in green carpets of tea on the other, the manager, Koksal Kasapoglu, says the policy has already worked. Organic production at Caykur has shot up from under 100 acres a decade ago to about 10,000 today, about 5% of the total area under cultivation, he says.
Some people owe the popularity of tea in Turkey largely to price. 3 Many Turks chose the new drink over coffee, which they had been drinking for centuries, but which had become hard to afford.
4 Partly because organically grown tea requires more land to produce the same amount of crop, it costs roughly twice as much as the standard kind. Taxpayers’ cash can no doubt persuade many farmers to go organic. But with the economy declining, convincing Turkish tea-drinkers to buy the stuff will be harder.
A．What if Turks can afford organic tea
B．A good thing, then, that there is tea, around which all can unite.
C．In the second half of the 19th century, when tea arrived in the Ottoman empire, the economy was in decline.
D．Price is just as important today.
E．Tea wasn’t Turks’ favourite until recently.
F．The state tea company, Caykur, the country’s largest producer, will turn entirely to organic farming by 2025.
G．The government has banned the production of non-organic tea to promote health.
【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了土耳其人热爱喝茶，政府正推动茶叶有机种植以提高出口价格，但有机茶叶成本高，且在经济不景气时，说服土耳其人购买将更具挑战性。
1．由上文“There is so little Turks agree on these days that even settling on the country’s national drink is hard. Secularists pick raki, a wine best had with baked fish and music. Religious conservatives, including President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, insist on a milky and non-alcoholic drink called ayran. (如今，土耳其人在诸多事情上难以达成共识，甚至连确定该国的国饮都颇费周折。世俗主义者偏爱拉克酒，这种酒搭配烤鱼和音乐饮用最佳。而包括总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安在内的宗教保守派则坚持要喝一种名为ayran的乳白色无酒精饮料。)”可知，土耳其人在选择国饮上存在分歧，下文“An average Turk gets through about 3.5kg of tea every year, or almost four glasses a day, ahead of every other country including Britain, India, China and Russia. (土耳其人平均每年消费约3.5公斤茶叶，即每天近四杯，超过了包括英国、印度、中国和俄罗斯在内的所有其他国家。)”则说明土耳其人茶叶消费量很大，因此本空应起到承上启下的作用，强调茶叶是土耳其人都能接受的。B选项“A good thing, then, that there is tea, around which all can unite. (好在还有茶，能让所有人团结起来。)”符合题意。故选B。
2．由上文“The government is offering subsidies (补贴) to tea farmers who go organic, hoping that foreigners will then pay more for Turkish tea. (政府正在为种植有机茶叶的茶农提供补贴，希望外国人能因此为土耳其茶叶支付更高的价格。)”可知，政府正在推动茶叶的有机种植，因此本空应继续说明有机种植的计划或行动。F选项“The state tea company, Caykur, the country’s largest producer, will turn entirely to organic farming by 2025. (国家茶叶公司Caykur是该国最大的茶叶生产商，到2025年将完全转向有机农业。)”符合题意。故选F。
3．由下文“Many Turks chose the new drink over coffee, which they had been drinking for centuries, but which had become hard to afford. (许多土耳其人选择了这种新饮料，而不是他们已经喝了几个世纪的咖啡，因为咖啡已经变得难以负担。)”可知，许多土耳其人选择了茶叶而不是咖啡，因为咖啡变得难以负担，因此本空应说明茶叶在土耳其变得受欢迎的原因与经济有关。C选项“In the second half of the 19th century, when tea arrived in the Ottoman empire, the economy was in decline. (19世纪下半叶，当茶叶传入奥斯曼帝国时，经济正在衰退。)”符合题意。故选C。
4．由下文“Partly because organically grown tea requires more land to produce the same amount of crop, it costs roughly twice as much as the standard kind. (部分原因是有机种植的茶叶需要更多的土地来生产相同数量的作物，因此它的成本大约是标准茶叶的两倍。)”可知，有机茶叶的成本大约是标准茶叶的两倍，因此本空应强调价格因素对茶叶消费的影响。D选项“Price is just as important today. (如今，价格同样重要。)”符合题意。故选D。
话题阅读精练
单元引言解读
Food brings people together on many different levels. It's nourishment of the soul and body; it's truly love.
—Giada De Laurentiis
释义：食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起。它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正的爱。
——吉娅达·德·劳伦蒂斯
启示：此引言充分说明了食物对人类的意义：它不仅为人们的身心健康提供养料，还在维系社会文化关系方面发挥着重要作用。
主题词汇积累
一、食物种类：
junk food 垃圾食品
lamb kebab 烤羊肉串
red braised pork 红烧肉
bean curd（tofu） 豆腐
dim sum 点心（中国食品）
二、烹饪相关：
consist of 由…… 组成（或构成）
slice...off 切下
pepper sth. with sth. 大量加入
recipe for …… 的烹饪法；…… 的秘诀
chef de cuisine 主厨
三、饮食健康：
balanced diet 均衡饮食
consume energy 消耗能量
in moderation 适度地，适量地
a fundamental key to healthy eating 健康饮食的基本要诀
be sensitive to dairy products 对乳制品敏感
四、文化关联：
Chinese cuisine 中国菜肴
bring home the bacon 挣到钱养家糊口
hot potato 棘手的问题，烫手山芋
stable social order 稳定的社会秩序
cultural association 文化关联
时文拓展阅读
（2024·吉林省长春市朝阳区长春市第二中学高二上期末）Britons are well known for the amount of tea that they drink. The average person in the UK consumes around 1.9 kg of tea yearly. That's around 876 cups of tea. Tea is drunk by all sections of society. But tea is not native to Britain. Most tea is grown in India and China. So， how did it become an important part of British culture？
Tea arrived in London in the 1600s. At this time， British ships were exploring the world and came across the drink in China. It was not long before green tea was available to buy. However， this was only available to the richer sections of society.
At the beginning of the 1700s， the amount of tea arriving in Britain increased gradually. Black tea arrived at this time. At first people drank this tea exactly as it was in China. They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar， giving the drink a special British characteristic.
In the 1800s tea was still a product enjoyed only by people with money. At this time they began to have “afternoon tea”. This involves drinking tea with a snack around 4 pm to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner. It is a tradition that is still going today but has become less popular in recent times.
In the late 1800s， the price of tea decreased sharply as more tea began to arrive on ships from India and China. It was no longer a drink just for rich people. Tearooms—shops where you could buy and drink tea—started to appear across the country. People enjoyed drinking tea and socialising in these places. At the start of the 20th century， Britons began to make tea in their homes whenever they felt like it. Kettles became necessary in every kitchen.
【译文欣赏】
英国人对茶的消费量闻名遐迩。英国普通人年均消耗约1.9公斤茶叶，相当于约876杯茶。社会各阶层都饮茶，但茶并非英国本土产物，多数茶叶产自印度和中国。那么，茶是如何成为英国文化重要组成部分的呢？
茶在17世纪传入伦敦。当时英国船只探索世界，在中国发现了这种饮品。不久后，绿茶就有了购买渠道，但那时只有富裕阶层才能享用。
18世纪初，运抵英国的茶叶数量逐渐增加，红茶也在此时传入。起初，人们完全按照中国的方式饮用红茶，后来他们很快发现，加入少量牛奶和糖能让茶的口感更佳，这也赋予了该饮品独特的英国特色。
19世纪时，茶仍是有钱人独享的产品。此时，“下午茶”习俗开始兴起，人们在下午4点左右边喝茶边吃点心，以避免午餐到晚餐之间感到饥饿。这一传统延续至今，但近年来已不如从前流行。
19世纪末，随着更多茶叶从印度和中国通过船只运抵英国，茶价大幅下跌，不再是富人的专属饮品。茶室（可购买和饮茶的店铺）开始在全国涌现，人们喜欢在这些地方饮茶并社交。20世纪初，英国人开始在家中随时煮茶，每个厨房都少不了水壶。
【词汇积累】
be well known for：因…… 闻名 come across：偶然发现 / 遇见
not long before：不久之后 available to：可被…… 获得的
at the beginning of：在…… 之初 mix with：与…… 混合
in recent times：近年来 decrease sharply：大幅下降
【知识拓展】
茶与生活的启示:
文化融合的智慧：英国将中国红茶与本土饮食偏好（加奶、糖）结合，形成独特茶文化，启示我们：不同文化的碰撞并非冲突，而是创新的契机 —— 接纳差异并加以融合，能创造新的价值。
平凡中的仪式感：从贵族专属到全民日常，茶的普及印证了 “生活的诗意不在于物质稀缺，而在于对细节的珍视”。即使是普通的一杯茶，也能通过仪式（如下午茶习俗）赋予生活温度。
慢下来的哲学：泡茶需等待水沸、茶叶舒展，这与快节奏的现代生活形成对比。喝茶的过程提醒我们：耐心等待与静心品味，是对抗焦虑的良药，正如茶香需时间沉淀，美好事物也需用心感受。
【词汇延伸】
茶类与饮品 茶具与动作 文化与习俗
black tea 红茶 green tea 绿茶 herbal tea 花草茶 milk tea 奶茶 bubble tea 珍珠奶茶 tea set 茶具 tea kettle 茶壶 brew tea 沏茶 steep tea 泡茶 pour tea 倒茶 tea ceremony 茶道 tea party 茶会 high tea 晚餐茶（搭配热食） tea culture 茶文化 tea house 茶馆
【长难句分析】
1. It was not long before green tea was available to buy. However, this was only available to the richer sections of society.
分析：
前句使用 “It was not long before...” 句型，意为 “不久之后……”，before 引导时间状语从句，强调绿茶普及的速度。
后句 “available to” 表示 “可被…… 获得”，通过 “richer sections” 对比，突出当时茶的阶级属性。
翻译：不久后，绿茶就有了购买渠道，但那时只有富裕阶层才能享用。
2. They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar，giving the drink a special British characteristic.
分析：
that 引导宾语从句，说明 “discovered” 的内容；
“giving the drink...characteristic” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，解释加奶和糖的影响。
翻译：后来他们很快发现，加入少量牛奶和糖能让茶的口感更佳，这也赋予了该饮品独特的英国特色。
3. This involves drinking tea with a snack around 4 pm to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner.
分析：
“involves doing sth.” 表示 “涉及 / 包括做某事”；
不定式短语 “to avoid feeling hungry” 作目的状语，说明喝下午茶的意图。
翻译：这意味着在下午 4 点左右边喝茶边吃点心，以避免午餐到晚餐之间感到饥饿。
高考真题链接
（2023·全国乙卷·高考真题）What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
8．What do people usually think of British food
A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition.
C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation.
9．Which best describes cookery programme on British TV
A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential.
10．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%.
11．What might the author continue talking about
A．The art of cooking in other countries. B．Male chefs on TV programmes.
C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters.
【答案】8．A 9．D 10．D 11．B
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting ”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
1.原句：Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
结构解析：
让步状语从句：Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine（尽管英国以不太出色的烹饪闻名）。
主句：it is producing more top class chefs（它正在培养更多顶级厨师）。
定语从句 1：who appear frequently on our television screens（他们频繁出现在电视屏幕上），修饰 “chefs”。
定语从句 2：whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists（他们的食谱书常居畅销书榜首），同样修饰 “chefs”，通过 “whose” 连接所属关系。
翻译：尽管英国以不太出色的烹饪闻名，但它正培养出更多顶级厨师，这些厨师频繁出现在电视屏幕上，他们的食谱书也常居畅销书榜首。
2.原句：It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.
结构解析：
强调句：It’s + 强调部分（thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign）+ that + 剩余部分。
谓语部分：are turning away from... and becoming...（正在远离…… 并变得……），用 and 连接两个并列的现在分词结构。
翻译：正是多亏了这些电视厨师，而非任何广告活动，英国人才开始远离 “肉和两种蔬菜” 及即食食品，并在烹饪习惯上变得更具冒险精神。
英文词汇 / 短语 中文解释 拓展用法 / 例句
less-than-impressive 不太令人印象深刻的 反义词：impressive（令人印象深刻的）
cuisine [kw zi n] 烹饪；菜肴 French cuisine 法国菜；a cuisine expert 烹饪专家
top class chefs 顶级厨师 top 在此为形容词，意为 “顶尖的”；也可作动词，如 top the list（位居榜首）
recipe books 食谱书 recipe [ res pi] n. 食谱；秘诀
turn away from 远离；放弃 同义短语：abandon, give up on
meat-and-two-veg 肉和两种蔬菜（英国传统饮食） 典型英式家常菜，如烤牛肉配土豆和胡萝卜
ready-made meals 即食食品 ready-made adj. 现成的；meals 可替换为 foods
adventurous [ d vent r s] 富有冒险精神的；创新的 在文中指尝试新食材或烹饪方法：an adventurous cook 勇于创新的厨师
ingredients [ n ɡri di nts] 配料；原料 烹饪类核心词汇，如 main ingredients 主要原料
obsession [ b se n] 痴迷；热衷 搭配：obsession with sth. 对…… 的痴迷；形容词：obsessed（be obsessed with）
broadcast [ br dk st] 播出；广播 过去式 / 过去分词：broadcast 或 broadcasted
背景知识：
1.英国饮食文化的传统与变革：
传统英国饮食常被调侃为 “简单乏味”，典型如 “炸鱼薯条（fish and chips）”“周日烤肉（Sunday roast）”，以肉类、土豆和蔬菜为主，口味偏清淡。
21 世纪以来，英国饮食受多元文化（如印度、中国、地中海饮食）及电视烹饪节目的影响，逐渐向多样化、国际化转变。例如，戈登 拉姆齐（Gordon Ramsay）、杰米 奥利弗（Jamie Oliver）等电视厨师通过节目推广新鲜食材和创新烹饪，推动了英国 “饮食革命”。
2.电视烹饪节目的社会影响：
英国是烹饪节目大国，代表节目如《厨艺大师》（MasterChef）、《周六厨房》（Saturday Kitchen），不仅改变了公众的烹饪习惯，还催生了 “家庭烹饪热”，尤其是年轻一代对食材品质和烹饪技巧的关注度显著提升。
数据支持：文中提到 “1/5 英国人因看电视烹饪节目尝试新食物”，反映出媒体对饮食文化的重塑作用。
阅读微技能（解题技巧）
8. 细节理解题：What do people usually think of British food
关键词定位：题干中 “usually think of” 对应首段 “comes into your mind”“reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine”。
选项分析：
A. It is simple and plain.（简单朴素）—— 与 “uninteresting”“meat-and-two-veg” 呼应，正确。
B. It is rich in nutrition.（营养丰富）—— 文中未提及，排除。
C. It lacks authentic tastes.（缺乏正宗风味）——“authentic” 无依据，排除。
D. It deserves a high reputation.（享有高声誉）—— 与 “less-than-impressive” 矛盾，排除。
技巧：通过首段转折词 “But” 前的内容快速定位传统印象，注意形容词（如 uninteresting）的情感色彩。
9. 推理判断题：Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
关键词定位：“cookery programmes” 对应第二段 “TV chefs”“helped change what people think” 及第三段 “encouraged them to try different food”。
选项分析：
D. Influential（有影响力的）—— 与 “changed cooking habits”“more confident” 等表述一致，正确。
A. Authoritative（权威的）、B. Creative（创意的）、C. Profitable（盈利的）—— 文中未强调节目权威性、盈利性或创意本身，排除。
技巧：关注文中因果关系词（如 thanks to, help, encourage），通过结果反推节目特点。
10. 细节理解题：Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
关键词定位：“percentage”“more diverse ingredients” 对应第三段 “Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients”。
选项分析：
D. 33%——“one third” 约等于 33.3%，与选项 D 最接近，正确。
A. 20%（1/5）、B. 24%、C. 25%（1/4）—— 均对应文中其他数据，排除。
技巧：快速匹配分数与百分比（1/3≈33%，1/4=25%，1/5=20%），注意题干与原文的同义替换（wider variety = more diverse）。
11. 推理判断题：What might the author continue talking about
段落逻辑分析：末段最后一句提到 “With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”，话题聚焦于 “男性厨师”。
选项分析：
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.（电视上的男性厨师）—— 与末段尾句衔接最紧密，正确。
A. 其他国家的烹饪艺术、C. 英国餐桌礼仪、D. 大胃王研究 —— 均与文章主题 “英国饮食与电视节目影响” 无关，排除。
技巧：段落推断题需关注尾段核心话题，正确选项通常与尾句关键词（如 male chefs）直接相关，避免过度引申。
总结：
文章主题：英国饮食从传统 “乏味” 向现代 “多元” 的转变，电视烹饪节目对公众烹饪习惯的影响。
解题核心：通过关键词定位（如 reputation, TV chefs, percentage）和段落逻辑（如首段转折、末段延伸）快速破题，注意同义替换和情感色彩词的作用。
综合实战演练
语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介
Passage 1 阅读理解 新闻报道 344 文章讲述了亿万富翁Carl Icahn为了猪的福利与麦当劳斗争的故事，他建议麦当劳采购非圈养的生猪。
Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 293 文章主要介绍食物与文化紧密相连，能反映社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。
Passage 3 七选五 说明文 295 本文介绍了如何制作自制食物的方法和建议。
Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 302 本文主要介绍了披萨的历史渊源、发展过程以及在全球范围内的流行和多样化。
Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 346 文章介绍了澳大利亚科学家发现，人们看到的上一张食物图片会无意识地影响对下一张的评分，即存在序列依赖效应，这一机制可应用于菜单设计、营销策略及饮食障碍治疗。
Passage 6 阅读理解 说明文 341 文章主要讲述了保护组织Oceana的报告指出可口可乐公司塑料污染问题严重，分析原因并建议其用可重复使用包装取代一次性包装。
Passage 7 阅读理解 说明文 233 文章主要讲述茶和咖啡的起源、制作材料、在不同国家的文化意义以及人们的饮用习惯差异。文章通过对比茶与咖啡的历史背景、社会功能和文化内涵，突出了它们在日常生活中的角色。
Passage 8 七选五 说明文 307 文章主要讲述了土耳其人热爱喝茶，政府正推动茶叶有机种植以提高出口价格，但有机茶叶成本高，且在经济不景气时，说服土耳其人购买将更具挑战性。
Passage 1
（24-25高一下·湖北武汉·期末）Billionaire Carl Icahn has stepped up his fight with McDonald’s over the welfare of pigs used in its food chain. Mr Icahn, whose no-nonsense reputation for shaking-up companies made him a Wall Street legend, has proposed Leslie Samuelrich and Maisie Ganzler stand for election at the 2022 annual meeting. He owns only 200 McDonald’s shares (股份), which gives him power to stir up for change, though it was reported that he was inspired by his daughter, an animal right activist who has worked for the Humane Society.
McDonald’s says it has led the way in improving animal welfare standards. The battle centers on claims about pregnant pigs being kept in small crates (板条箱), a practice Mr Icahn said was “dirty”. He said McDonald’s had not lived up to a promise to stop the pork from pigs housed in crates for the pregnant, a practice targeted by animal lovers. He had asked all McDonald’s pork suppliers in the US to move to “crate-free pork”, along time-frames he had set.
Activist investors such as Mr Icahn-one of a handful of feared investors said to have been the model for Gordon Gekko in the 1987 movie Wall Street-normally focus on companies they believe need restructuring.
McDonald’s promised to stop ordering pork from suppliers putting pregnant pigs in crates back in 2012. The firm said it had “led the industry” since then and about a third of US pork suppliers have moved to group housing systems. It said it expected to source 85% to 90% of its pork from these suppliers by the year’s end. All of the pork it buys will come from these suppliers by 2024.
McDonald’s said in a statement that it would continue to work with the industry to improve standards, but that some of Mr Icahn’s demands were unreasonable. It also noted that Mr Icahn was the majority owner of Viskase, which makes and supplies packaging for the pork and poultry industry. It added that he had “not publicly called” on Viskase to make similar commitments.
1．What enables Mr Icahn to fight with McDonald’s
A．His determination for shaking-up companies. B．His 200 McDonald’s shares.
C．His animal-lover daughter. D．His proposal for two people.
2．The underlined word “no-nonsense” in paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A．humorous and easy-going B．direct and serious C．careless and lazy D．unlucky and poor
3．What pork does Mr Icahn recommend
A．Pork from pigs raised by convention. B．Pork from pigs kept in small crates.
C．Pork from crate-free pigs. D．Pork from pregnant pigs.
4．What has McDonald said
A．All its pork will meet Mr Icahn’s standard this year.
B．It has become No. 1 in the food industry since 2012.
C．Mr Icahn should make the same demand for Viskase.
D．It is unreasonable for Mr Icahn to be an owner of Viskase
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了亿万富翁Carl Icahn为了猪的福利与麦当劳斗争的故事，他建议麦当劳采购非圈养的生猪。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He owns only 200 McDonald’s shares (股份), which gives him power to stir up for change, though it was reported that he was inspired by his daughter, an animal right activist who has worked for the Humane Society.(他只拥有200股麦当劳的股票，这给了他推动变革的权力，尽管据报道，他是受到女儿的启发，女儿是一名动物权利活动家，曾在人道协会工作)”可知，卡尔·伊坎拥有的200股麦当劳股票使他能够与麦当劳对抗。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Mr Icahn, whose no-nonsense reputation for shaking-up companies made him a Wall Street legend, has proposed Leslie Samuelrich and Maisie Ganzler stand for election at the 2022 annual meeting.(卡尔·伊坎以no-nonsense的作风而闻名，这使他成为了华尔街的传奇人物。他提议莱斯利·塞缪尔里奇和梅西·甘兹勒参加2022年年会的选举)”可知，卡尔·伊坎因重组公司而闻名，成为华尔街传奇，这种行事风格应是雷厉风行的，也就是直接而严肃的，因此可以推断出“no-nonsense”的意思是“直接而严肃的”。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He had asked all McDonald’s pork suppliers in the US to move to “crate-free pork”, along time-frames he had set.(他要求麦当劳在美国的所有猪肉供应商按照他设定的时间框架转向“无板条箱猪肉”)”可知，卡尔·伊坎推荐的是来自无板条箱猪的猪肉。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It also noted that Mr Icahn was the majority owner of Viskase, which makes and supplies packaging for the pork and poultry industry. It added that he had “not publicly called” on Viskase to make similar commitments.(报告还指出，伊坎是Viskase的大股东，该公司为猪肉和家禽行业制造和供应包装材料。报告补充说，他没有“公开呼吁”Viskase做出类似的承诺)”可推知，麦当劳表示卡尔·伊坎应该对Viskase提出同样的要求。故选C。
Passage 2
（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）Food is not just a means of satisfying hunger; it is deeply intertwined with culture. It reflects the history, traditions, values, and social structures of a society. For example, in many Asian cultures, rice is a staple food that has been cultivated for thousands of years. The way rice is grown, prepared, and served is an integral part of the culture. In Japan, the art of making sushi, which uses rice as a base, is highly regarded. Sushi-making involves precise techniques and an understanding of the quality of ingredients. It is not only a culinary skill but also a cultural expression that reflects the Japanese values of precision, harmony, and respect for nature.
In Western cultures, bread holds a significant place. In France, the baguette is more than just a type of bread; it is a symbol of French culture. The process of making a baguette requires patience and skill, from kneading the dough to baking it to a perfect golden-brown crust. French people often enjoy baguettes with cheese, butter, or cold cuts, and it is a common sight to see them walking down the street with a freshly baked baguette under their arm. This simple yet iconic food represents the French love for good food, their appreciation for the artisanal, and their relaxed lifestyle.
Food also plays a crucial role in cultural celebrations. In the United States, Thanksgiving is a major holiday centered around a large meal. The traditional Thanksgiving dinner includes turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie. These foods are not only delicious but also have historical and cultural significance. Turkey, for example, was one of the foods served at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621, symbolizing the harvest and the cooperation between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans.
1．What does the example of sushi-making in Japan show
A．The importance of rice in Asian diets. B．The high-level culinary skills in Japan.
C．The reflection of Japanese culture in food. D．The popularity of sushi in Japan.
2．Why is the baguette important in French culture
A．It is the most popular food in France. B．It represents French cultural values.
C．It is easy to make and widely available. D．It is often served with other delicious foods.
3．What can we learn about Thanksgiving food in the United States
A．It has no special cultural meaning. B．It is mainly about enjoying delicious food.
C．It symbolizes historical events and cooperation. D．It has changed a lot over the years.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The variety of staple foods in different cultures. B．The role of food in cultural celebrations.
C．The importance of food in different countries. D．The deep connection between food and culture.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍食物与文化紧密相连，能反映社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Japan, the art of making sushi, which uses rice as a base, is highly regarded. Sushi-making involves precise techniques and an understanding of the quality of ingredients. It is not only a culinary skill but also a cultural expression that reflects the Japanese values of precision, harmony, and respect for nature.(在日本，以米饭为基础的寿司制作艺术备受推崇。寿司制作涉及精确的技巧和对食材质量的了解。它不仅是一种烹饪技巧，也是一种文化表达，反映了日本人对精确、和谐和尊重自然的价值观。)”可知，日本寿司制作的例子表明食物中反映了日本文化。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In France, the baguette is more than just a type of bread; it is a symbol of French culture. (在法国，法棍面包不仅仅是一种面包，它是法国文化的象征。)”以及“This simple yet iconic food represents the French love for good food, their appreciation for the artisanal, and their relaxed lifestyle.(这种简单而标志性的食物代表了法国人对美食的热爱，对手工艺的欣赏，以及他们轻松的生活方式。)”可知，法棍面包在法国文化中很重要是因为它代表了法国的文化价值观。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These foods are not only delicious but also have historical and cultural significance. Turkey, for example, was one of the foods served at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621, symbolizing the harvest and the cooperation between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans.(这些食物不仅美味，而且具有历史和文化意义。例如，火鸡是1621年第一次感恩节盛宴上供应的食物之一，象征着收获和清教徒与美洲原住民之间的合作。)”可知，美国的感恩节食物象征着历史事件和合作。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Food is not just a means of satisfying hunger; it is deeply intertwined with culture. It reflects the history, traditions, values, and social structures of a society.(食物不仅仅是满足饥饿的一种手段，它与文化深深交织在一起。它反映了一个社会的历史、传统、价值观和社会结构。)”可知，这篇文章的主要思想是食物和文化之间的深层联系。故选D项。
Passage 3
（山西省阳泉市2024~2025学年高一下学期期末英语试题）How to Make Homemade Food
Making homemade food is a great way to save money and eat well. Here are ways to make your own food.
1
Every home chef needs to know some basic skills, like how to chop (切) vegetables, boil an egg, and cook rice. These skills will take you far if you spend some time learning them now before trying more complicated recipes (菜谱).
Learn kitchen safety to protect yourself and others.
Kitchen safety is about obvious about obvious dangers, such as cutting yourself with a knife or burning yourself on the stove. 2 Since we often ignore them, it becomes crucial to seek out more knowledge. Explore videos about kitchen safety to help you learn things.
Find recipes online and through cooking apps.
When you’re just starting out, a recipe is a good place to begin. 3 It can be a great way to get started when you don’t have much experience. Cooking apps put the recipes at the tips of your fingers, and you can save your favorite recipes for later.
Be creative!
4 A recipe is just a guide, and you have to develop the knowledge to know when you need to follow that guide and when not to. Make your own rules in the kitchen.
Be prepared for mistakes, but don’t worry about them.
Mistakes are going to happen in the kitchen. Try to correct them if you can. If you can’t fix them, laugh them off and learn from your mistake! If you want to try a new recipe, practice when you have the time, such as on the weekend. 5 With much practice, you’ll gain confidence and skill, turning homemade cooking into a rewarding and enjoyable part of your life.
A．It’s okay to change the recipe.
B．Don’t completely change your recipe.
C．Try watching videos to learn the basics.
D．Look for simple recipes that you’d like to try.
E．However, it’s also about the less obvious dangers.
F．Work on your basic skills to improve your cooking.
G．Don’t try it out when you are going to be feeding a crowd.
【答案】1．F 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了如何制作自制食物的方法和建议。
1．根据下文“Every home chef needs to know some basic skills, like how to chop (切) vegetables, boil an egg, and cook rice.(每个家庭厨师都需要知道一些基本技能，比如如何切蔬菜、煮鸡蛋和煮米饭)”可知，每个家庭厨师都需要知道一些基本技能，比如如何切菜、煮鸡蛋和煮米饭。F项“提升你的厨艺需要练习基本技能。”符合语境，引出下文。故选F。
2．根据上文“Kitchen safety is about obvious about obvious dangers, such as cutting yourself with a knife or burning yourself on the stove. (厨房安全涉及明显的危险，比如用刀割伤自己或在炉子上烫伤自己)”可知，这句话列举了厨房中一些显而易见的安全隐患。E项“然而，它也涉及不太明显的危险。”符合语境，与上文形成转折关系，说明厨房安全不仅仅涉及这些明显的危险，还包括一些不那么容易被注意到的风险。故选E。
3．根据上文“When you’re just starting out, a recipe is a good place to begin. (当你刚开始学做饭时，食谱是一个很好的起点)”可知，当你刚开始时，食谱是一个好的起点。D项“寻找你想尝试的简单食谱。”符合语境，承接上文，说明初学者应该寻找一些简单且自己感兴趣的食谱来尝试，这样更容易上手并增加学习的乐趣。故选D。
4．上文“Be creative! (发挥创造力！)”可知，要有创造力！再根据下文“A recipe is just a guide, and you have to develop the knowledge to know when you need to follow that guide and when not to. (食谱只是一个指南，你必须发展自己的知识，知道什么时候需要遵循指南，什么时候不需要)”可知，食谱只是一个指南。A项“可以改变食谱。”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。
5．根据上文“If you want to try a new recipe, practice when you have the time, such as on the weekend. (如果你想尝试一种新的食谱，在你有时间的时候练习，比如在周末)”可知，如果你想尝试一个新食谱，在你有时间的时候练习，比如周末。G项“不要在你要招待很多人的时候尝试。”符合语境，承接上文。故选G。
Passage 4
（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）Pizza, one of the most popular foods worldwide, has a long and rich history that is closely tied to Italian culture. Its origins can be traced back to ancient civilizations. In ancient Greece, people baked flatbreads with various toppings, which were a precursor to modern-day pizza. However, it was in Naples, Italy, that pizza as we know it today truly took shape.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Naples was a bustling city with a large working-class population. Pizza became a popular and affordable meal for the locals. These early pizzas were simple, with a basic dough topped with tomatoes, cheese, and sometimes herbs. They were often sold by street vendors and eaten on the go.
The turning point for pizza’s popularity came in 1889 when a Neapolitan pizza maker named Raffaele Esposito created a special pizza for the visit of King Umberto I and Queen Margherita of Italy. To represent the colors of the Italian flag, he used tomatoes (red), mozzarella cheese (white), and basil (green). This pizza, named Pizza Margherita, not only became an instant favorite of the royal couple but also a symbol of Italian national identity.
As Italians immigrated to other parts of the world, especially the United States, they brought their love for pizza with them. In the early 20th century, the first pizzerias opened in American cities like New York. Initially, pizza was mainly popular among Italian - American communities. But over time, with marketing efforts and the increasing acceptance of diverse cuisines, pizza became a mainstream food in America. Today, pizza is a global phenomenon, with countless variations in toppings, crust styles, and cooking methods. From the thin - crust New York - style pizza to the deep - dish Chicago - style pizza, each region has put its own spin on this classic dish.
1．What was the precursor of modern-day pizza
A．Ancient Greek flatbreads with toppings. B．Neapolitan street-sold bread.
C．The bread baked by Raffaele Esposito. D．The food sold in early American pizzerias.
2．Why did Raffaele Esposito create Pizza Margherita
A．To make a pizza for the working-class. B．To show his baking skills.
C．To represent the colors of the Italian flag. D．To create a new type of pizza for sale.
3．How did pizza become popular in America
A．Italian immigrants introduced it and marketing efforts helped.
B．American people traveled to Italy and brought it back.
C．American pizzerias sold it at a very low price.
D．The royal couple of Italy recommended it to Americans.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Pizza has always been popular all over the world.
B．Different regions have different styles of pizza.
C．The original pizza had a lot of complex toppings.
D．Pizza is the most popular food in the United States.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了披萨的历史渊源、发展过程以及在全球范围内的流行和多样化。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In ancient Greece, people baked flatbreads with various toppings, which were a precursor to modern-day pizza. (在古希腊，人们烤制带有各种配料的薄饼，这是现代披萨的前身)”可知，现代披萨的前身是古希腊带有配料的薄饼。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To represent the colors of the Italian flag, he used tomatoes (red), mozzarella cheese (white), and basil (green). This pizza, named Pizza Margherita, not only became an instant favorite of the royal couple but also a symbol of Italian national identity. (为了代表意大利国旗的颜色，他使用了西红柿（红色）、马苏里拉奶酪（白色）和罗勒（绿色）。这款名为玛格丽塔披萨的披萨不仅迅速成为这对皇室夫妇的最爱，也是意大利民族身份的象征)”可知，拉斐尔·埃斯波西托创作玛格丽特披萨是为了代表意大利国旗的颜色。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As Italians immigrated to other parts of the world, especially the United States, they brought their love for pizza with them. In the early 20th century, the first pizzerias opened in American cities like New York. Initially, pizza was mainly popular among Italian - American communities. But over time, with marketing efforts and the increasing acceptance of diverse cuisines, pizza became a mainstream food in America. (当意大利人移民到世界其他地区，尤其是美国时，他们带来了对披萨的热爱。20世纪初，第一家披萨店在纽约等美国城市开业。最初，披萨主要在意大利裔美国人社区流行。但随着时间的推移，随着营销的努力和人们对各种美食的日益接受，披萨成为美国的主流食物)”可知，披萨在美国流行起来是因为意大利移民的引入以及营销努力的帮助。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today, pizza is a global phenomenon, with countless variations in toppings, crust styles, and cooking methods. From the thin-crust New York-style pizza to the deep-dish Chicago-style pizza, each region has put its own spin on this classic dish. (如今，披萨已成为一种全球现象，配料、饼底风格和烹饪方法都有无数种变化。从薄饼底的纽约风格披萨到深盘芝加哥风格披萨，每个地区都为这道经典菜肴赋予了自己的特色)”可知，不同地区有不同风格的披萨。故选B项。
Passage 5
（24-25高一下·浙江丽水·期末）Have you ever wondered why you choose one food over another Scientists in Australia have made an interesting discovery. They found that what we see right before looking at food can influence our food decisions. This finding could change how we market food, design restaurant menus, and even treat eating disorders.
Professor David Alais from the University of Sydney led the study. His team ran an experiment with 600 people. They showed the participants hundreds of food images one by one. The participants had to move a slider and click to rate how attractive the food looked and guess its calorie content.
After analyzing the results carefully, they discovered something called serial dependence (序列依赖). This means that if you saw a food you really liked or thought had a high calorie count, you were more likely to rate the next food higher than you normally would. On the other hand, if the previous food didn’t look good to you, the next one would probably get a lower rating. This effect is automatic (自动的), just like when the wind blows on your skin or you see a bright red flash. It’s related to how our senses work, and it’s connected to a part of the brain that scientists have only recently learned about.
This could affect how we make choices on delivery apps or digital restaurant menus, where consumers are faced with food decisions based on many images of food. Maybe the food that seems more attractive isn’t really the one we want the most. It could be because the previous image made it seem better. Restaurants and marketers can also benefit from this knowledge. Restaurants can arrange their menus to make customers like more profitable dishes. For example, they can put high-profit items after some really attractive food pictures.
After further research is carried out, this could also be used in the treatment of eating disorders. They can use this “simple sensory process” to help those who overeat or undereat change the way they think about food.
1．What were the participants expected to do in the study
A．Grade the appearance of the food.
B．Design suitable restaurant menus.
C．Guess the calorie of the eaten food.
D．Click on the attractive food images.
2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．How serial dependence is applied.
B．How serial dependence works.
C．What influences serial dependence.
D．What causes serial dependence.
3．How can restaurants make profits according to paragraph 4
A．By choosing pretty food images.
B．By arranging free delivery services.
C．By making decisions for customers.
D．By adjusting the sequence of items.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．New Reasons Why We Make Food Choices
B．Important Facts about Our Food Marketing
C．Several Good Ways to Treat Eating Disorder
D．The Unusual Discoverer of Serial Dependence
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚科学家发现，人们看到的上一张食物图片会无意识地影响对下一张的评分，即存在序列依赖效应，这一机制可应用于菜单设计、营销策略及饮食障碍治疗。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They showed the participants hundreds of food images one by one. The participants had to move a slider and click to rate how attractive the food looked and guess its calorie content. (研究人员向参与者逐一展示数百张食物图片。参与者需滑动滑块并点击，以评估食物的吸引力并猜测其热量)”可知，参与者被要求对食物外观进行评分。故选A项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“This means that if you saw a food you really liked or thought had a high calorie count, you were more likely to rate the next food higher than you normally would. On the other hand, if the previous food didn’t look good to you, the next one would probably get a lower rating. This effect is automatic (自动的), just like when the wind blows on your skin or you see a bright red flash. It’s related to how our senses work, and it’s connected to a part of the brain that scientists have only recently learned about. (这意味着，如果你看到一种特别喜欢的食物或认为高热量的食物，你对下一道食物的评分往往会比平时更高。反之，如果前一道食物看起来不怎么样，你对下一道的评分可能就会偏低。这种影响是自动产生的——就像风吹过皮肤或眼前闪过一道红光那样自然。它与我们的感官运作方式有关，且与科学家近年才发现的大脑区域存在关联)”可知，该段核心在解释serial dependence“序列依赖”的作用机制：前一张图片如何影响后一张的评分，并强调其自动性和感官关联性。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Restaurants can arrange their menus to make customers like more profitable dishes. For example, they can put high-profit items after some really attractive food pictures. (餐馆可以调整菜单，让顾客喜欢利润更高的菜肴。例如，他们可以把高利润的产品放在一些非常吸引人的食物图片后面)”可知，餐厅可以通过调整菜单顺序来获利。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Have you ever wondered why you choose one food over another Scientists in Australia have made an interesting discovery. They found that what we see right before looking at food can influence our food decisions. (你有没有想过为什么自己会选择某种食物？澳大利亚的科学家们有了一个有趣的发现：在我们看到食物前一刻所见的画面，会影响我们对食物的选择)”可知，文章围绕澳大利亚科学家的一项研究展开，该研究发现，人们看到的上一张食物图片会无意识地影响对下一张的评分，即存在序列依赖效应，这解释了我们会选择某种食物的原因。因此，A项“我们选择食物的新原因”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
Passage 6
（24-25高二下·浙江温州·期末）Coca-Cola will be using over 4.1 billion kilograms of plastic a year by the year 2030, unless it stops using single-use plastic, according to a report from the conservation organization Oceana.
Oceana also estimates that by 2030, an annual 602 million kilograms of Coca-Cola’s plastic packaging will be polluting the world’s oceans and waterways. The report says that this is enough plastic to fill the stomachs of 18 million blue whales. Oceana made its estimates using Coca-Cola’s own reported data on its use of plastic packaging between 2018 and 2023, and a forecast of the company’s future sales growth based on past trends.
A 2024 study found that Coca-Cola is already the world’s worst plastic-polluting brand. Oceana says the problem is Coca-Cola’s use of single-use plastic instead of reusable packaging. Reusable bottles can be used up to 25 times if made of thicker plastic, and up to 50 times if made of glass. Coca-Cola previously had a goal of using 25% reusable packaging by 2030, but announced that it had given up that goal at the end of 2024.
Instead, the company says it will increase the use of recycled plastic in its packaging and increase collection of single-use plastic bottles for further recycling. However, Oceana says that relying on the use of recycled materials and collection of plastic for recycling won’t reduce the great influence of Coca-Cola’ s plastic footprint.
The organization’s Senior Vice President Matt Littlejohn said: “Single-use plastic is bad for the oceans, human health, and business. Recycling can’t solve the company’s out-of-control plastic problem. Reuse can.” He added, “Single-use plastic bottles made with recycled content can — just like bottles made of virgin plastic — still become marine pollution and harm ocean life.” As well as harming sea life, plastic use is also harmful for human health. Several studies have connected plastic pollution and microplastics to serious health conditions, such as cancer, heart disease and dementia. Oceana suggests Coca-Cola should take real action that can address its plastic problem now, namely replacing single-use packaging with reusable packaging.
1．What was Coca-Cola’s original plan for 2030
A．To use 25% reusable packaging.
B．To stop all plastic bottle production.
C．To recycle 100% of its plastic waste.
D．To replace plastics with glass bottles.
2．What is Oceana’s attitude toward Coca-Cola’s recycled plastic policy
A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Reserved. D．Indifferent.
3．What can we infer according to Matt Littlejohn
A．Blue whales are the most affected by plastic waste.
B．Reusable packaging is a better solution than recycling.
C．Microplastics mainly come from non-recycled bottles.
D．Coca-Cola’s new plan will solve plastic pollution effectively.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the passage
A．How to Stop Ocean Pollution.
B．Coca-Cola’s New Reusable Plan.
C．A Growing Threat of Plastic Bottles.
D．Coca-Cola’s Plastic Pollution Problem.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了保护组织Oceana的报告指出可口可乐公司塑料污染问题严重，分析原因并建议其用可重复使用包装取代一次性包装。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Coca-Cola previously had a goal of using 25% reusable packaging by 2030, but announced that it had given up that goal at the end of 203.(可口可乐此前的目标是到2030年使用25%的可重复使用包装，但在203年底宣布放弃了这一目标)”可知，可口可乐2030年的原计划是使用25%的可重复使用包装。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, Oceana says that relying on the use of recycled materials and collection of plastic for recycling won’t reduce the great influence of Coca-Cola’s plastic footprint.(然而，Oceana表示，依靠使用回收材料和收集塑料进行回收利用，并不能减少可口可乐塑料足迹的巨大影响)”可知，Oceana认为可口可乐的回收塑料政策不能解决问题，所以会对其持批判态度。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中Matt Littlejohn认的话“Single-use plastic is bad for the oceans, human health, and business. Recycling can’t solve the company’s out of control plastic problem. Reuse can.(一次性塑料对海洋、人类健康和企业都有害。回收利用无法解决该公司失控的塑料问题。重复使用可以)”和“Single-use plastic bottles made with recycled content can — just like bottles made of virgin plastic — still become marine pollution and harm ocean life.(用回收材料制成的一次性塑料瓶——就像用原生塑料制成的瓶子一样——仍然会污染海洋，危害海洋生物)”可知，Matt Littlejohn认为回收利用无法解决失控的塑料问题，用回收材料制成的塑料制品仍然会污染海洋，危害海洋生物，所以可重复使用包装是更好的解决方案。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Coca-Cola will be using over 4.1 billion kilograms of plastic a year by the year 2030, unless it stops using single-use plastic, according to a report from the conservation organization Oceana.(保护组织Oceana的一份报告称，到2030年，可口可乐每年将使用超过41亿公斤的塑料，除非它停止使用一次性塑料)”和第三段中“Oceana says the problem is Coca-Cola’s use of single-use plastic instead of reusable packaging.(Oceana表示，问题在于可口可乐使用一次性塑料而不是可重复使用的包装)”可知，本文主要围绕可口可乐的塑料污染问题展开，分析了原因并建议其用可重复使用包装取代一次性包装。故D项“Coca-Cola’s Plastic Pollution Problem(可口可乐的塑料污染问题)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。
Passage 7
（23-24高三上·广东江门·期中）Tea drinking started in China over 4000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with stress or losing weight.
However, most people in tea-drinking countries think of tea as more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in some countries is a part of the culture. In Turkey, tea is always there when people meet. Whether in someone’s home or a company, tea is always offered as a way of welcoming. In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers.
Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel active. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the working day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, many people in coffee shops drink coffee while working on their computers.
Is tea or coffee more common in your country Between the two, which do you like to drink more
1．Where did tea drinking start
A．In Japan. B．In China. C．In Turkey D．In the UK.
2．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that people in the UK ________.
A．drink tea to get fat B．offer tea to say goodbye
C．think of tea as a bad drink D．have tea to relax themselves
3．What is coffee made from
A．Leaves. B．Sugar. C．Dishes. D．Beans.
4．Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3
A．Coffee came much earlier than tea.
B．Many people drink coffee to wake up.
C．Many people work on their computers in coffee shops.
D．Some people meet and talk with friends in coffee shops
5．What is the best title of the passage
A．The Smells of Tea and Coffee
B．The Prices of Tea and Coffee
C．The different Cultures of Tea and Coffee
D．The Different Ways of Making Tea and Coffee
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文体裁为说明文，主要讲述茶和咖啡的起源、制作材料、在不同国家的文化意义以及人们的饮用习惯差异。文章通过对比茶与咖啡的历史背景、社会功能和文化内涵，突出了它们在日常生活中的角色。
1．细节理解题。由第一段“Tea drinking started in China over 4000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. (饮茶始于4000多年前的中国。茶是用叶子制成的。)”可知，茶饮起源于中国。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。由第二段“In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. Tea and other dishes are served at tea time in the afternoon. It is a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers. (在英国，家庭和办公室通常都有喝茶的时间。下午茶时间供应茶和其他菜肴。这是一种与朋友或同事放松的方式。)”可知，英国人们喝茶是为了放松自己。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。由第三段“Coffee is made from beans. (咖啡是用豆子做的。)”可知，咖啡由豆子制成。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。由第一段“Tea drinking started in China over 4000 years ago. Tea is made from leaves. (饮茶始于4000多年前的中国。茶是用叶子制成的。)”和第三段“Coffee came much later than tea, just over 1000 years ago. (咖啡比茶来得晚得多，大约在1000多年前。)”可知，A项“咖啡比茶来得早得多。”错误。故选A项。
5．主旨大意题。文章核心围绕茶和咖啡的文化差异与饮用习惯，如茶在土耳其和英国的文化仪式、咖啡的提神功能和社会场景。选项C“The different Cultures of Tea and Coffee (茶和咖啡的不同文化)”全面涵盖主题。故选C项。
Passage 8
（24-25高一下·上海·阶段练习）Tea for Two Times the Price
There is so little Turks agree on these days that even settling on the country’s national drink is hard. Secularists pick raki, a wine best had with baked fish and music. Religious conservatives, including President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, insist on a milky and non-alcoholic drink called ayran.
1 An average Turk gets through about 3.5kg of tea every year, or almost four glasses a day, ahead of every other country including Britain, India, China and Russia. Turkey is also the world’s sixth-biggest producer of the leaf. No one has ever entered a house or a government office in Turkey without being offered a glass. (Cups are for coffee, or for tourists.)
Now change is taking place in an ancient industry. The government is offering subsidies (补贴) to tea farmers who go organic, hoping that foreigners will then pay more for Turkish tea. 2
At one of the company’s factories near Rize, a drab city bordered on one side by the sea and by mountains covered in green carpets of tea on the other, the manager, Koksal Kasapoglu, says the policy has already worked. Organic production at Caykur has shot up from under 100 acres a decade ago to about 10,000 today, about 5% of the total area under cultivation, he says.
Some people owe the popularity of tea in Turkey largely to price. 3 Many Turks chose the new drink over coffee, which they had been drinking for centuries, but which had become hard to afford.
4 Partly because organically grown tea requires more land to produce the same amount of crop, it costs roughly twice as much as the standard kind. Taxpayers’ cash can no doubt persuade many farmers to go organic. But with the economy declining, convincing Turkish tea-drinkers to buy the stuff will be harder.
A．What if Turks can afford organic tea
B．A good thing, then, that there is tea, around which all can unite.
C．In the second half of the 19th century, when tea arrived in the Ottoman empire, the economy was in decline.
D．Price is just as important today.
E．Tea wasn’t Turks’ favourite until recently.
F．The state tea company, Caykur, the country’s largest producer, will turn entirely to organic farming by 2025.
G．The government has banned the production of non-organic tea to promote health.
【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了土耳其人热爱喝茶，政府正推动茶叶有机种植以提高出口价格，但有机茶叶成本高，且在经济不景气时，说服土耳其人购买将更具挑战性。
1．由上文“There is so little Turks agree on these days that even settling on the country’s national drink is hard. Secularists pick raki, a wine best had with baked fish and music. Religious conservatives, including President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, insist on a milky and non-alcoholic drink called ayran. (如今，土耳其人在诸多事情上难以达成共识，甚至连确定该国的国饮都颇费周折。世俗主义者偏爱拉克酒，这种酒搭配烤鱼和音乐饮用最佳。而包括总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安在内的宗教保守派则坚持要喝一种名为ayran的乳白色无酒精饮料。)”可知，土耳其人在选择国饮上存在分歧，下文“An average Turk gets through about 3.5kg of tea every year, or almost four glasses a day, ahead of every other country including Britain, India, China and Russia. (土耳其人平均每年消费约3.5公斤茶叶，即每天近四杯，超过了包括英国、印度、中国和俄罗斯在内的所有其他国家。)”则说明土耳其人茶叶消费量很大，因此本空应起到承上启下的作用，强调茶叶是土耳其人都能接受的。B选项“A good thing, then, that there is tea, around which all can unite. (好在还有茶，能让所有人团结起来。)”符合题意。故选B。
2．由上文“The government is offering subsidies (补贴) to tea farmers who go organic, hoping that foreigners will then pay more for Turkish tea. (政府正在为种植有机茶叶的茶农提供补贴，希望外国人能因此为土耳其茶叶支付更高的价格。)”可知，政府正在推动茶叶的有机种植，因此本空应继续说明有机种植的计划或行动。F选项“The state tea company, Caykur, the country’s largest producer, will turn entirely to organic farming by 2025. (国家茶叶公司Caykur是该国最大的茶叶生产商，到2025年将完全转向有机农业。)”符合题意。故选F。
3．由下文“Many Turks chose the new drink over coffee, which they had been drinking for centuries, but which had become hard to afford. (许多土耳其人选择了这种新饮料，而不是他们已经喝了几个世纪的咖啡，因为咖啡已经变得难以负担。)”可知，许多土耳其人选择了茶叶而不是咖啡，因为咖啡变得难以负担，因此本空应说明茶叶在土耳其变得受欢迎的原因与经济有关。C选项“In the second half of the 19th century, when tea arrived in the Ottoman empire, the economy was in decline. (19世纪下半叶，当茶叶传入奥斯曼帝国时，经济正在衰退。)”符合题意。故选C。
4．由下文“Partly because organically grown tea requires more land to produce the same amount of crop, it costs roughly twice as much as the standard kind. (部分原因是有机种植的茶叶需要更多的土地来生产相同数量的作物，因此它的成本大约是标准茶叶的两倍。)”可知，有机茶叶的成本大约是标准茶叶的两倍，因此本空应强调价格因素对茶叶消费的影响。D选项“Price is just as important today. (如今，价格同样重要。)”符合题意。故选D。