人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the land耕种土地(话题阅读精练）(含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the land耕种土地(话题阅读精练）(含解析） |
|
|
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 155.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-11-25 21:16:51 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
Unit 5 Working the land耕种土地(话题阅读精练）
主题词块积累
1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺
3．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励
4．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
5．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
7．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
8．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output) 输出
9．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
10．generate vt.产生；引起
11．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲
12．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土
13．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像
14．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实
15．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽
16．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘
18．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
19．mineral n．矿物；矿物质
20．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
时文拓展阅读
Precision（精确）agriculture is a method of growing crops. Farmers use technology to collect very precise or exact measurements about their land. It tells farmers how they planted seeds, used fertilizers and chemical pesticides, and so on. Farm equipment can plant different amounts of seeds and leave different amounts of fertilizer in different parts of a field. Water measuring equipment can tell farmers how much water their plants are getting.
But some of this technology is too costly for small farmers, especially in developing countries.Ranveer Chandra, the Microsoft researcher from India, is working to develop low-cost, high-tech tools for farmers.He developed a system that connects soil sensors to other sensing equipment through unused television (TV) channels.These unused TV signals, known as "white space" frequencies(频率), can provide Internet connection over long distances.Some hospitals and schools in rural areas are already online with white-space connections, Chandra noted.
Each soil sensor provides information about conditions on the farm.To connect all the areas into a big picture, a drone aircraft takes photographs from high in the air.Artificial intelligence (AI) compares these photos to the sensor data.AI then can create maps of where the soil is too acidic or needs more water.Similar technology can also help farmers watch their animals.Video cameras connected to computers and linked to the Internet can help farmers recognize sick cattle, for example.
However, the level and speed at which new farming skills and technologies will spread remains unclear. Bruce Erickson is a precision farming expert at Purdue University in Indiana.He told the CSA the one problem faced by any new farming technology is getting people to use it with their existing methods.Different countries have different farming methods and different ways of doing business.“It takes people to carry out new farming practices,” Erickson said.
【译文欣赏】
精准农业是一种种植作物的方法。农民利用技术来收集有关其土地的非常精确或确切的测量数据。它能告知农民他们如何播种、使用化肥和化学农药等等。农业设备可以在田地的不同部分播种不同数量的种子，并施用不同数量的肥料。测水设备可以告诉农民他们的植物得到了多少水。
但这种技术中的一些对小农户来说成本过高，尤其是在发展中国家。来自印度的微软研究员兰维尔·钱德拉正在努力为农民开发低成本、高科技的工具。他开发了一个系统，通过未使用的电视（TV）频道将土壤传感器与其他传感设备连接起来。这些未使用的电视信号，即所谓的“空白频段”频率，可以在长距离内提供互联网连接。钱德拉指出，一些农村地区的医院和学校已经通过空白频段连接上了互联网。
每个土壤传感器都提供有关农场状况的信息。为了将所有区域整合成一个整体画面，一架无人机从高空拍摄照片。人工智能（AI）会将这些照片与传感器数据进行对比。然后，AI 就能绘制出土壤酸性过高或缺水区域的地图。类似的技术还能帮助农民照看牲畜。例如，与计算机相连并接入互联网的摄像头能帮助农民识别生病的牛。
然而，新的农业技能和科技将以何种程度和速度传播开来仍不明朗。印第安纳州普渡大学的精准农业专家布鲁斯·埃里克森告诉美国作物协会，任何新的农业技术都面临的一个问题是，如何让人们将其与现有的方法结合起来使用。不同的国家有不同的农业方法和不同的经营方式。“实施新的农业实践需要人来操作。”埃里克森说。
【词汇积累】
1. amounts of 许多，大量；
2. takes photographs拍照；
3. connected to与…有联系；
4. linked to与…有联系；
【长难句分析】
It takes people to carry out new farming practices.
It takes …to do sth…“做某事需要花费某人…”
综合实战演练
Passage 1
Farmers are celebrating their rice harvest by singing and dancing on the farm. This is Wanbao Mozambique rice farm, China’s largest rice planting project in Africa. Here, if people can speak hello in Chinese, “ni hao”, they most certainly also know another Chinese term Wanbao, the name of a Chinese rice farm project.
Through the fertile (肥沃的) area in south Mozambique, the Limpopo River is flowing into the Indian Ocean in the Xai-Xai district. Benefiting from the vast farmland, a suitable climate, enough water and the support from China, the project is creating a bright future for the people here.
Through cooperative planting methods, Wanbao is helping the local farmers develop successful rice planting areas. It not only provides seeds, farm chemicals and fertilizers, but also makes land flat and does water pumping (抽水).
To have good harvests, farmers work hard and learn from the Chinese. Now the local farmers’ love for farming is growing and they are getting richer and richer.
“I’ve benefited a lot from the rice farming and learned to produce rice using Chinese technologies on one hectare (公顷) of land,” says a mother of five children. “With the money, I have improved my life a lot. I have built my house and my children are going to school.”
An old farmer is now even teaching other farmers how to grow rice. He is cultivating crops over 40 hectares. “Thanks to the project, both my children and grandchildren are living a settled life. Now I go to the fields to support the other farmers with teaching. I hope Wanbao will expand the growing areas to other corners of the county in the future to help fight poverty,” he says.
1．Why does the author mention “ni hao” in the first paragraph
A．To indicate farmers’ Chinese language skills.
B．To show the popularity of Wanbao in Mozambique.
C．To prove the importance of Chinese in Mozambique.
D．To suggest Chinese is a requirement for working on the farm.
2．What can we know about the Wanbao project
A．It plants rice in urban areas. B．It improves local water quality.
C．It offers farming technologies for locals. D．It helps all African people get rid of poverty.
3．What does the underlined word “cultivating” in the last paragraph mean
A．Growing. B．Preparing. C．Pulling. D．Selling.
4．In which section of a website is the text likely to be found
A．Travel. B．Education. C．Culture. D．Agriculture.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了万宝水稻种植项目帮助莫桑比克人民发展农业，实现脱贫。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, if people can speak hello in Chinese, “ni hao”, they most certainly also know another Chinese term Wanbao, the name of a Chinese rice farm project.(在这里，如果人们能用中文“你好”打招呼，他们当然也知道另一个中文词语“万宝”，这是中国一个水稻种植项目的名字)”可知，凡是能用中文“你好”打招呼的人都会知道“万宝”这个中国水稻种植项目，由此可推测，这说明了该项目在莫桑比克非常受欢迎。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““I’ve benefited a lot from the rice farming and learned to produce rice using Chinese technologies on one hectare (公顷) of land,” says a mother of five children.(“通过种植水稻，我收获颇丰，还学会了运用中国的技术在1公顷的土地上种植水稻。”一位有五个孩子的母亲说道)”可知，万宝项目给当地人提供了农业技术。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“An old farmer is now even teaching other farmers how to grow rice.(一位老农民现在甚至在教其他农民如何种植水稻)”和后文“crops over 40 hectares”可知，这位老农民可以教其他农民如何种植水稻，由此可推测出，他在40公顷的土地上种植庄稼，cultivate意为“种植”，与grow意思一致。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“armers are celebrating their rice harvest by singing and dancing on the farm. This is Wanbao Mozambique rice farm, China’s largest rice planting project in Africa.(农民们正在农场上载歌载舞，庆祝他们的水稻丰收。这就是万宝莫桑比克水稻农场，这是中国在非洲最大的水稻种植项目)”结合下文可知，本文主要讲述了万宝水稻种植项目帮助莫桑比克人民种植水稻，与农业有关，所以本文最有可能出自网站上的农业版块。故选D。
Passage 2
Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) was a Chinese official of the Ming Dynasty. He was also an agricultural scientist, astronomer, and mathematician. He spent the majority of his time in positions of high office serving the Ming court. He was greatly interested in the European technology, geography, astronomy and mathematics introduced to China by missionaries (传教士).
Xu Guangqi was born in 1562 in Shanghai. He passed the county-level civil service examination at the age of nineteen, and obtained his chin-shih degree, the highest level in the civil service examination, in his thirties. In 1604, Xu Guangqi sat for the highest examinations in the country and was appointed to the Hanlin Academy.
In 1625, Xu resigned from his position and returned to Shanghai. He collaborated with Matteo Ricci, an Italian missionary, on the translation of several classic Western texts into Chinese. Xu Guangqi became the first native of China to publish translations of European books into Chinese. In 1607, they translated the first six books of Euclid’s Elements. Ricci would explain the contents of the original text to Xu Guangqi, who would then write down what he understood. Chinese scholars credit Xu with having “started China’s enlightenment (启蒙运动)”.
The approach to mathematics in these books must have seemed totally alien (陌生的) to Chinese readers, whose traditional approach to mathematics had been highly practical. ★The new Chinese terminology which Xu Guangqi had to invent for unfamiliar terms such as “point”, “curve”, “parallel line”, “acute angle”, and “obtuse angle” soon became part of Chinese mathematics, as did the style of the geometric figures, in particular the characters Xu Guangqi chose to label them.
Xu Guangqi wrote Nong Zheng Quan Shu, an outstanding agricultural treatise (论文). Living in troubled times, Xu was devoted as a patriot to aiding the farmers of China. His main interests were in irrigation, fertilizers, famine relief, economic crops, and observation based on experiments with early notions of chemistry. It was an enormous work with some 700,000 Chinese characters, making it seven times as large as the work of previous agricultural books.
5．How does the author start the text
A．By telling about Xu Guangqi’s interest in science.
B．By presenting Xu Guangqi’s influence in the court.
C．By showing Xu Guangqi’s degree in civil examination.
D．By introducing Xu Guangqi’s scientific achievements.
6．Why was Xu Guangqi honored to have started China’s enlightenment
A．He was the first to cooperate with a foreigner on scientific studies.
B．He was the pioneer to introduce European books to Chinese people.
C．He set an example in the way of translation from English to Chinese.
D．He showed great interest in the European technological development.
7．What can we infer from Xu Guangqi’s invention of the Chinese terms
A．His efforts led the approach to mathematics to be practical.
B．He made the learning of mathematics popular and attractive.
C．He made it easy to spread the basics of mathematics in China.
D．He laid the foundation for the scientific development in China.
8．What can best describe Xu Guangqi’s Nong Zheng Quan Shu
A．Fictional. B．Pioneering. C．Valuable. D．Fantastic.
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了徐光启是明朝一位重要人物。他通过科举入仕，在朝廷任职。徐光启对西方知识满怀热忱，辞职回乡后与利玛窦合作翻译西方经典，如《几何原本》。他还著有《农政全书》，为中国学术和农业发展立下不朽功绩。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) was a Chinese official of the Ming Dynasty. He was also an agricultural scientist, astronomer, and mathematician. He spent the majority of his time in positions of high office serving the Ming court. He was greatly interested in the European technology, geography, astronomy and mathematics introduced to China by missionaries (传教士).(徐光启（1562—1633）是明朝的一位官员。他还是位农业科学家、天文学家和数学家。他大部分时间都在担任重要职务，为明朝朝廷服务。他对传入中国的由传教士带来的欧洲技术、地理、天文学和数学非常感兴趣)”可知，作者是通过介绍徐光启的科学成就开篇的。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Xu Guangqi became the first native of China to publish translations of European books into Chinese.(徐光启成为了首位将欧洲书籍翻译成中文的中国本土人士)”以及他和利玛窦合作翻译《几何原本》等西方经典著作等内容可知，他是将欧洲书籍引入中国的先驱，对中国的知识文化等方面带来了新的内容和思想，这是他被认为开启中国启蒙运动的重要原因。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“★The new Chinese terminology which Xu Guangqi had to invent for unfamiliar terms such as “point”, “curve”, “parallel line”, “acute angle”, and “obtuse angle” soon became part of Chinese mathematics, as did the style of the geometric figures, in particular the characters Xu Guangqi chose to label them.(徐光启为“点”“曲线”“平行线”“锐角”和“钝角”等陌生概念所创造的新的中文术语很快便成为中国数学的一部分，同样被接受的还有几何图形的样式，尤其是徐光启选择用来标注这些图形的字符)”可知，原本陌生的西方数学概念得以被中国学者理解和接受，从而降低了传播门槛。由此可推知，徐光启发明的几何术语有助于数学基础概念在中国的传播。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“His main interests were in irrigation, fertilizers, famine relief, economic crops, and observation based on experiments with early notions of chemistry. It was an enormous work with some 700,000 Chinese characters, making it seven times as large as the work of previous agricultural books.(他的主要研究领域包括灌溉、肥料、饥荒救济、经济作物以及基于早期化学概念的实验所进行的观察。这部著作规模宏大，共有约70万字，是以往农业类书籍的七倍之多)”可知，其撰写的农学著作《农政全书》是一本对中国农业发展非常有价值的书籍。故选C。
Passage 3
The Central Valley is among the most productive agricultural regions in the world: It makes up just 1 percent of all farmland in the United States, yet produces a third of nation’s fruits and vegetables. But it’s also extremely water-stressed. To grow all those crops, farmers have drawn so much groundwater that the land has gone down by several feet.
Since crops can’t be made less thirsty, many farmers have started using some of their land for solar energy. The Central Valley is perfect for this, being mostly flat and very sunny. On average, this energy use can bring in around $124,000 per hectare (公顷) each year. Altogether, the solar energy produced there could power around 500,000 homes and save enough water to supply 27 million people yearly.
But using farmland for solar panels comes with some costs. Food production in the region has dropped-by enough calories to feed 86, 000 people a year.
Still, this doesn’t have to be an either-or decision. Many farmers now grow crops like leafy greens and berries under solar panels (太阳能板). The panels provide shade (荫凉), which reduces water loss from the soil, allowing growers to water less often. “That’s going to allow for both energy independence and food safety,” said Jennifer Bousselot, who studies agrisolar at Colorado State University.
Farmers also have their sheep and cows feed under the panels. Their droppings enrich the soil, encouraging more plant growth.
Over time, the richness of the soil can be recovered, ready for farming again. Even if the land is simply left unused, this resting period helps bring back soil health. “We really see solar as a common landscape,” said Jennifer, “that can be sited, managed, and designed in a way to benefit both people and the planet.”
9．What is the main problem for the Central Valley
A．Water shortage. B．Low crop production.
C．Limited farmland. D．Growing population.
10．What is the purpose of paragraph 2
A．To explain farming change. B．To report farmers’ living.
C．To show solar energy benefits. D．To stress the income difference.
11．What does Jennifer think of the practice of the Central Valley
A．It harms the environment. B．It helps people and nature.
C．It is profitable in the long run. D．It works best in the Central Valley.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Solar Farms Feed the Valley B．Many Panels Cover the Valley
C．Thirsty Crops Dry Up the Valley D．Falling Harvests Hurt the Valley
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中央谷地因缺水，农民将部分农田改用于太阳能，同时探索农光互补等模式，实现能源与粮食安全双赢。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“But it’s also extremely water-stressed. To grow all those crops, farmers have drawn so much groundwater that the land has gone down by several feet. (但它也面临着极其严重的水资源压力。为了种植所有这些作物，农民们抽取了大量的地下水，导致地面下降了好几英尺)”可知，中央谷地的主要问题是水资源短缺。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“On average, this energy use can bring in around $124,000 per hectare (公顷) each year. Altogether, the solar energy produced there could power around 500,000 homes and save enough water to supply 27 million people yearly. (平均而言，这种能源使用每年每公顷可以带来约124,000美元的收入。总的来说，那里生产的太阳能可以为大约50万个家庭供电，并节省足够的水来每年供应2700万人)”可知，本段主要介绍了太阳能的好处，即展示太阳能的好处。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We really see solar as a common landscape,” said Jennifer, “that can be sited, managed, and designed in a way to benefit both people and the planet.” (“我们真的把太阳能看作是一种常见的景观，”詹妮弗说，“它可以以一种造福人类和地球的方式选址、管理和设计。”)”可知，詹妮弗认为太阳能的实践既造福人类又造福地球，即帮助了人和自然。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了中央谷地面临水资源短缺问题，许多农民开始利用土地发展太阳能，以及太阳能对农业和环境的积极影响，“Solar Farms Feed the Valley (太阳能农场养活谷地)”既体现了太阳能农场的作用，又点明了其对谷地的重要性，最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
Passage 4
When Yuan Longping was young, he witnessed the rough reality of farmers frequently suffering from poor harvests and even facing severe food shortages. Driven by a strong sense of responsibility to address this pressing issue, he made the decision to study agriculture and received his education at Southwest Agricultural College.
After graduation in 1953, Yuan took on the role of a teacher at Anjiang Agricultural School. He realized merely expanding the area of farmland was not the answer to increasing food production. Instead, the key lay in improving the output of the existing farmland. The question of how to achieve this was a hard challenge at the time. Yuan firmly believed that hybrid rice held the key to solving this problem. A hybrid is the result of crossing two or more varieties of a species, and one of its notable characteristics is that it often has higher production than traditional crops. But the idea of developing a hybrid of self-pollinating (自我传粉) plants like rice was highly debatable. The common belief then was that it was an impossible task.
Nevertheless, Yuan was fearless. Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming. This achievement was a turning point, as it not only solved the food problem in China but also brought hope to people around the world suffering from hunger, enabling farmers to significantly increase their rice output.
Today, it is estimated that approximately 60 percent of the rice consumed in China comes from Yuan’s hybrid rice. His innovation has not only ensured food security in China but also has a far-reaching impact globally. Many countries, such as India and Vietnam, which rely heavily on rice as main food, have also benefited from his hybrid rice technology.
Yuan Longping’s story shows us the power of perseverance, which serves as an inspiration for people throughout the world.
13．What was Yuan Longping’s key solution to increasing food production
A．Developing hybrid rice. B．Importing rice from other countries.
C．Expanding farmland area. D．Teaching better farming techniques.
14．What can be concluded about the development of hybrid rice
A．It’s an easy task to develop the rice. B．It’s widely accepted from the start.
C．It requires great determination and efforts. D．It has an impact on food production only in China.
15．Which words can best describe Yuan Longping according to the passage
A．Ambitious and honest. B．Sociable and brave.
C．Determined and selfless. D．Cautious and energetic.
16．What does this passage convey
A．Practice makes perfect. B．It’s never too old to learn.
C．He who laughs last laughs best. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．C 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述袁隆平凭借毅力攻克杂交水稻难题。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yuan firmly believed that hybrid rice held the key to solving this problem.(袁院士坚信，杂交水稻是解决这一问题的关键所在)”可知，袁隆平为提高粮食产量所采取的关键措施是开发杂交水稻。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming.(凭借坚定的决心和不懈的努力，他克服了一系列技术难题，成功培育出了第一种可用于大规模种植的杂交水稻)”可知，杂交水稻的开发需要极大的决心和努力。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming.(凭借坚定的决心和不懈的努力，他克服了一系列技术难题，成功培育出了第一种可用于大规模种植的杂交水稻)”以及倒数第二段“His innovation has not only ensured food security in China but also has a far-reaching impact globally. Many countries, such as India and Vietnam, which rely heavily on rice as main food, have also benefited from his hybrid rice technology.(他的创新不仅保障了中国的粮食安全，而且在全球范围内也产生了深远的影响。许多国家，比如印度和越南，这些国家主要以大米作为食物来源，也从他的杂交水稻技术中受益)”可知，袁隆平坚定且无私。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yuan Longping’s story shows us the power of perseverance, which serves as an inspiration for people throughout the world.(袁隆平的事迹向我们展示了坚持不懈的力量，这一精神对全世界的人们都具有极大的鼓舞作用)”以及文章讲述袁隆平凭借毅力攻克杂交水稻难题，可知，文章说明了有志者事竟成。故选D。
Passage 5
Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing.
Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic-linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant-based wrappers and填补 tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags.
Water shortage in agriculture is a growing issue, so how to conserve water is key in tea farming. Tea plants are more water-efficient than coffee, which requires lots of irrigation (灌溉). Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco-friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation.
Moreover, tea is lightweight, so transporting it has a lower environmental impact than heavy bottled drinks. Apart from that, many tea varieties can be sun dried or minimally processed, reducing carbon emissions.
Supporting sustainable brands encourages the industry to adopt greener practices. But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet.
17．What major change have tea companies made in packaging
A．Focusing on sustainable design. B．Turning to advanced materials.
C．Increasing plastic-linked packaging. D．Using individually wrapped bags.
18．How does the tea industry contribute to water conservation
A．Tea herbs require more water for growing.
B．Tea plants absorb rainwater less efficiently.
C．Tea companies introduce eco-friendly equipment.
D．Tea farms depend on recycled water for irrigation.
19．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph
A．To support sustainable tea brands.
B．To encourage a tea-drinking lifestyle.
C．To analyze the impact of choosing tea.
D．To praise green practices in tea farming.
20．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A scientific report. B．An environmental blog.
C．A tea-making magazine. D．An agricultural guidebook.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．B 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍在消费者环保意识增强的背景下，茶产业在可持续发展方面的优势及对环保的积极作用。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic - linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant - based wrappers and tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags.(可持续包装正成为茶叶行业的一大焦点。各公司正在摒弃传统的与塑料相关的茶包，转而设计可分解为无害天然材料的产品。一些品牌正在使用植物基包装材料和罐子来减少浪费。散装茶叶是减少包装浪费的最佳方式之一，因为它无需单独包装的茶包。)”可知，茶叶公司在包装方面主要的改变是注重可持续设计。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco - friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation.(许多茶园收集雨水以减少对淡水的依赖。像路易波士茶和洋甘菊等一些草本茶在干燥条件下生长，只需极少灌溉，所以它们非常环保。简而言之，选择茶而不是其他饮料有助于全球水资源保护。)”可知，茶园依靠收集循环利用的雨水进行灌溉，从而有助于水资源保护。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet.(但对于普通人来说，选择茶而不是其他饮料可能会产生更持久的影响。无论你喜欢绿茶、红茶还是清爽的冰茶混合饮品，你的选择都意义重大。茶不仅仅是一种饮品——它是迈向更健康地球的一步。)”可知，作者写最后一段是为了鼓励人们养成饮茶的生活方式，从而为环保做贡献。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing.(可持续发展已不再是一种潮流，而是一种必然需求。随着消费者环保意识的日益增强，饮料行业面临着减少碳足迹的压力。在所有饮品中，茶在可持续发展方面走在前列。这种古老的饮品拥有一种环保的消费模式，从可持续包装到极少加工环节都有所体现)”可知，文章围绕茶产业在可持续发展方面的表现，如可持续包装、节水、低运输影响等展开，强调其对环保的积极作用，所以最有可能出自一个环保博客。故选B项。
Passage 6
My name is Lucas van der Zee and I’m working at Wageningen University, the Netherlands. Farming today is not sustainable, with its greenhouse-gas emissions and its destruction of wildlife habitats. Agriculture now takes up half of Earth’s land surface at the expense of these habitats. Therefore, I hope to restore current farmland to its natural state by ending the vegetation stage of crop-growing.
Developing sustainable food production will require multiple approaches. My PhD research at Wageningen University in the Netherlands is inspired by alternative, indoor methods of food production, such as farming leafy green vegetables vertically (垂直地) and growing meat in a laboratory. I wondered if you can grow meat without an animal, can you grow fruit without a plant This could be done inside, which might help us to return some agricultural land to nature.
During my master’s programme in agricultural engineering, I discussed indoor fruit production with my professor. He invited me to write a master’s thesis (论文) on the subject of growing fruits without the plant. Now, we’re testing this idea.
The main task of my PhD is to collect immature (不成熟的) fruit or flowers from tomato plants, and try to grow them into healthy, high-quality tomatoes in the lab. Ultimately, we want to produce fruit from tomato cells, from which new plant organs can grow and skip using a plant entirely.
I have achieved some of the early results of my research, when I was testing different growing conditions at different stages of tomato development. The lighting is an energy-efficiency measure; we use blue and red LEDs, the best colours for photosynthesis (光合作用).
Some people get excited about the possibilities of my work, but most are hesitant, which I understand. In the past, people have rushed into using food technologies, such as cage-grown chickens and the extensive use of synthetic fertilizer, without considering the potential disadvantages. An important part of my PhD programme will be to assess the sustainability of my method.
21．How are the author’s ways to grow fruit
A．Expensive. B．Troublesome. C．Convenient. D．Meaningful.
22．What did the author’s professor react to his ways of growing fruit
A．He showed great interest in them. B．He expressed a little doubt to them.
C．He asked him to practice them quickly. D．He wrote a thesis about the subject.
23．How does the author produce tomatoes
A．By using only a little agricultural land. B．By using much sun for photosynthesis.
C．By making use of cells from tomatoes. D．By making use of a whole plant.
24．What is the author’s attitude toward past food technologies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Lucas van der Zee致力于研究室内无植物种植技术，以期实现可持续农业发展，并介绍了他的研究内容与理念。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I wondered if you can grow meat without an animal, can you grow fruit without a plant This could be done inside, which might help us to return some agricultural land to nature.(我想知道，如果你能在没有动物的情况下种植肉类，那么你能否在没有植物的情况下种植水果呢？这可以在室内完成，这可能有助于我们将一些农业用地归还给大自然)”以及后文作者的研究和实践可推知，作者种植水果的方式是有意义的，旨在将农田恢复自然状态。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段中“During my master’s programme in agricultural engineering, I discussed indoor fruit production with my professor. He invited me to write a master’s thesis (论文) on the subject of growing fruits without the plant.(在攻读农业工程硕士学位期间，我与我的教授讨论了室内水果生产的问题。他邀请我就无植物水果种植这一主题撰写一篇硕士论文)”可知，教授邀请作者就无植物培育水果的主题撰写硕士论文，表明教授对该方法表现出浓厚兴趣。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段“The main task of my PhD is to collect immature (不成熟的) fruit or flowers from tomato plants, and try to grow them into healthy, high-quality tomatoes in the lab. Ultimately, we want to produce fruit from tomato cells, from which new plant organs can grow and skip using a plant entirely.(我博士研究的主要任务是从番茄植株上收集未成熟的果实或花朵，并尝试在实验室里将它们培育成健康、高质量的番茄。最终，我们希望从番茄细胞中生产出果实，从中可以生长出新的植物器官，并完全跳过使用植物的过程)”可知，作者是通过利用番茄细胞来生产番茄的。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some people get excited about the possibilities of my work, but most are hesitant, which I understand. In the past, people have rushed into using food technologies, such as cage-grown chickens and the extensive use of synthetic fertilizer, without considering the potential disadvantages.(有些人对我的工作可能性感到兴奋，但大多数人都很犹豫，这我可以理解。在过去，人们急于采用食品技术，如笼养鸡和广泛使用合成肥料，而没有考虑其潜在的缺点)”可推知，作者对过去的食品技术持怀疑态度，认为人们在采用这些技术时没有充分考虑其潜在的缺点。故选C。
主题词块积累
1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺
3．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励
4．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
5．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
7．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
8．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output) 输出
9．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
10．generate vt.产生；引起
11．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲
12．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土
13．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像
14．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实
15．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽
16．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘
18．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
19．mineral n．矿物；矿物质
20．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
时文拓展阅读
Precision（精确）agriculture is a method of growing crops. Farmers use technology to collect very precise or exact measurements about their land. It tells farmers how they planted seeds, used fertilizers and chemical pesticides, and so on. Farm equipment can plant different amounts of seeds and leave different amounts of fertilizer in different parts of a field. Water measuring equipment can tell farmers how much water their plants are getting.
But some of this technology is too costly for small farmers, especially in developing countries.Ranveer Chandra, the Microsoft researcher from India, is working to develop low-cost, high-tech tools for farmers.He developed a system that connects soil sensors to other sensing equipment through unused television (TV) channels.These unused TV signals, known as "white space" frequencies(频率), can provide Internet connection over long distances.Some hospitals and schools in rural areas are already online with white-space connections, Chandra noted.
Each soil sensor provides information about conditions on the farm.To connect all the areas into a big picture, a drone aircraft takes photographs from high in the air.Artificial intelligence (AI) compares these photos to the sensor data.AI then can create maps of where the soil is too acidic or needs more water.Similar technology can also help farmers watch their animals.Video cameras connected to computers and linked to the Internet can help farmers recognize sick cattle, for example.
However, the level and speed at which new farming skills and technologies will spread remains unclear. Bruce Erickson is a precision farming expert at Purdue University in Indiana.He told the CSA the one problem faced by any new farming technology is getting people to use it with their existing methods.Different countries have different farming methods and different ways of doing business.“It takes people to carry out new farming practices,” Erickson said.
【译文欣赏】
精准农业是一种种植作物的方法。农民利用技术来收集有关其土地的非常精确或确切的测量数据。它能告知农民他们如何播种、使用化肥和化学农药等等。农业设备可以在田地的不同部分播种不同数量的种子，并施用不同数量的肥料。测水设备可以告诉农民他们的植物得到了多少水。
但这种技术中的一些对小农户来说成本过高，尤其是在发展中国家。来自印度的微软研究员兰维尔·钱德拉正在努力为农民开发低成本、高科技的工具。他开发了一个系统，通过未使用的电视（TV）频道将土壤传感器与其他传感设备连接起来。这些未使用的电视信号，即所谓的“空白频段”频率，可以在长距离内提供互联网连接。钱德拉指出，一些农村地区的医院和学校已经通过空白频段连接上了互联网。
每个土壤传感器都提供有关农场状况的信息。为了将所有区域整合成一个整体画面，一架无人机从高空拍摄照片。人工智能（AI）会将这些照片与传感器数据进行对比。然后，AI 就能绘制出土壤酸性过高或缺水区域的地图。类似的技术还能帮助农民照看牲畜。例如，与计算机相连并接入互联网的摄像头能帮助农民识别生病的牛。
然而，新的农业技能和科技将以何种程度和速度传播开来仍不明朗。印第安纳州普渡大学的精准农业专家布鲁斯·埃里克森告诉美国作物协会，任何新的农业技术都面临的一个问题是，如何让人们将其与现有的方法结合起来使用。不同的国家有不同的农业方法和不同的经营方式。“实施新的农业实践需要人来操作。”埃里克森说。
【词汇积累】
1. amounts of 许多，大量；
2. takes photographs拍照；
3. connected to与…有联系；
4. linked to与…有联系；
【长难句分析】
It takes people to carry out new farming practices.
It takes …to do sth…“做某事需要花费某人…”
综合实战演练
Passage 1
Farmers are celebrating their rice harvest by singing and dancing on the farm. This is Wanbao Mozambique rice farm, China’s largest rice planting project in Africa. Here, if people can speak hello in Chinese, “ni hao”, they most certainly also know another Chinese term Wanbao, the name of a Chinese rice farm project.
Through the fertile (肥沃的) area in south Mozambique, the Limpopo River is flowing into the Indian Ocean in the Xai-Xai district. Benefiting from the vast farmland, a suitable climate, enough water and the support from China, the project is creating a bright future for the people here.
Through cooperative planting methods, Wanbao is helping the local farmers develop successful rice planting areas. It not only provides seeds, farm chemicals and fertilizers, but also makes land flat and does water pumping (抽水).
To have good harvests, farmers work hard and learn from the Chinese. Now the local farmers’ love for farming is growing and they are getting richer and richer.
“I’ve benefited a lot from the rice farming and learned to produce rice using Chinese technologies on one hectare (公顷) of land,” says a mother of five children. “With the money, I have improved my life a lot. I have built my house and my children are going to school.”
An old farmer is now even teaching other farmers how to grow rice. He is cultivating crops over 40 hectares. “Thanks to the project, both my children and grandchildren are living a settled life. Now I go to the fields to support the other farmers with teaching. I hope Wanbao will expand the growing areas to other corners of the county in the future to help fight poverty,” he says.
1．Why does the author mention “ni hao” in the first paragraph
A．To indicate farmers’ Chinese language skills.
B．To show the popularity of Wanbao in Mozambique.
C．To prove the importance of Chinese in Mozambique.
D．To suggest Chinese is a requirement for working on the farm.
2．What can we know about the Wanbao project
A．It plants rice in urban areas. B．It improves local water quality.
C．It offers farming technologies for locals. D．It helps all African people get rid of poverty.
3．What does the underlined word “cultivating” in the last paragraph mean
A．Growing. B．Preparing. C．Pulling. D．Selling.
4．In which section of a website is the text likely to be found
A．Travel. B．Education. C．Culture. D．Agriculture.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了万宝水稻种植项目帮助莫桑比克人民发展农业，实现脱贫。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, if people can speak hello in Chinese, “ni hao”, they most certainly also know another Chinese term Wanbao, the name of a Chinese rice farm project.(在这里，如果人们能用中文“你好”打招呼，他们当然也知道另一个中文词语“万宝”，这是中国一个水稻种植项目的名字)”可知，凡是能用中文“你好”打招呼的人都会知道“万宝”这个中国水稻种植项目，由此可推测，这说明了该项目在莫桑比克非常受欢迎。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““I’ve benefited a lot from the rice farming and learned to produce rice using Chinese technologies on one hectare (公顷) of land,” says a mother of five children.(“通过种植水稻，我收获颇丰，还学会了运用中国的技术在1公顷的土地上种植水稻。”一位有五个孩子的母亲说道)”可知，万宝项目给当地人提供了农业技术。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“An old farmer is now even teaching other farmers how to grow rice.(一位老农民现在甚至在教其他农民如何种植水稻)”和后文“crops over 40 hectares”可知，这位老农民可以教其他农民如何种植水稻，由此可推测出，他在40公顷的土地上种植庄稼，cultivate意为“种植”，与grow意思一致。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“armers are celebrating their rice harvest by singing and dancing on the farm. This is Wanbao Mozambique rice farm, China’s largest rice planting project in Africa.(农民们正在农场上载歌载舞，庆祝他们的水稻丰收。这就是万宝莫桑比克水稻农场，这是中国在非洲最大的水稻种植项目)”结合下文可知，本文主要讲述了万宝水稻种植项目帮助莫桑比克人民种植水稻，与农业有关，所以本文最有可能出自网站上的农业版块。故选D。
Passage 2
Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) was a Chinese official of the Ming Dynasty. He was also an agricultural scientist, astronomer, and mathematician. He spent the majority of his time in positions of high office serving the Ming court. He was greatly interested in the European technology, geography, astronomy and mathematics introduced to China by missionaries (传教士).
Xu Guangqi was born in 1562 in Shanghai. He passed the county-level civil service examination at the age of nineteen, and obtained his chin-shih degree, the highest level in the civil service examination, in his thirties. In 1604, Xu Guangqi sat for the highest examinations in the country and was appointed to the Hanlin Academy.
In 1625, Xu resigned from his position and returned to Shanghai. He collaborated with Matteo Ricci, an Italian missionary, on the translation of several classic Western texts into Chinese. Xu Guangqi became the first native of China to publish translations of European books into Chinese. In 1607, they translated the first six books of Euclid’s Elements. Ricci would explain the contents of the original text to Xu Guangqi, who would then write down what he understood. Chinese scholars credit Xu with having “started China’s enlightenment (启蒙运动)”.
The approach to mathematics in these books must have seemed totally alien (陌生的) to Chinese readers, whose traditional approach to mathematics had been highly practical. ★The new Chinese terminology which Xu Guangqi had to invent for unfamiliar terms such as “point”, “curve”, “parallel line”, “acute angle”, and “obtuse angle” soon became part of Chinese mathematics, as did the style of the geometric figures, in particular the characters Xu Guangqi chose to label them.
Xu Guangqi wrote Nong Zheng Quan Shu, an outstanding agricultural treatise (论文). Living in troubled times, Xu was devoted as a patriot to aiding the farmers of China. His main interests were in irrigation, fertilizers, famine relief, economic crops, and observation based on experiments with early notions of chemistry. It was an enormous work with some 700,000 Chinese characters, making it seven times as large as the work of previous agricultural books.
5．How does the author start the text
A．By telling about Xu Guangqi’s interest in science.
B．By presenting Xu Guangqi’s influence in the court.
C．By showing Xu Guangqi’s degree in civil examination.
D．By introducing Xu Guangqi’s scientific achievements.
6．Why was Xu Guangqi honored to have started China’s enlightenment
A．He was the first to cooperate with a foreigner on scientific studies.
B．He was the pioneer to introduce European books to Chinese people.
C．He set an example in the way of translation from English to Chinese.
D．He showed great interest in the European technological development.
7．What can we infer from Xu Guangqi’s invention of the Chinese terms
A．His efforts led the approach to mathematics to be practical.
B．He made the learning of mathematics popular and attractive.
C．He made it easy to spread the basics of mathematics in China.
D．He laid the foundation for the scientific development in China.
8．What can best describe Xu Guangqi’s Nong Zheng Quan Shu
A．Fictional. B．Pioneering. C．Valuable. D．Fantastic.
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了徐光启是明朝一位重要人物。他通过科举入仕，在朝廷任职。徐光启对西方知识满怀热忱，辞职回乡后与利玛窦合作翻译西方经典，如《几何原本》。他还著有《农政全书》，为中国学术和农业发展立下不朽功绩。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) was a Chinese official of the Ming Dynasty. He was also an agricultural scientist, astronomer, and mathematician. He spent the majority of his time in positions of high office serving the Ming court. He was greatly interested in the European technology, geography, astronomy and mathematics introduced to China by missionaries (传教士).(徐光启（1562—1633）是明朝的一位官员。他还是位农业科学家、天文学家和数学家。他大部分时间都在担任重要职务，为明朝朝廷服务。他对传入中国的由传教士带来的欧洲技术、地理、天文学和数学非常感兴趣)”可知，作者是通过介绍徐光启的科学成就开篇的。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Xu Guangqi became the first native of China to publish translations of European books into Chinese.(徐光启成为了首位将欧洲书籍翻译成中文的中国本土人士)”以及他和利玛窦合作翻译《几何原本》等西方经典著作等内容可知，他是将欧洲书籍引入中国的先驱，对中国的知识文化等方面带来了新的内容和思想，这是他被认为开启中国启蒙运动的重要原因。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“★The new Chinese terminology which Xu Guangqi had to invent for unfamiliar terms such as “point”, “curve”, “parallel line”, “acute angle”, and “obtuse angle” soon became part of Chinese mathematics, as did the style of the geometric figures, in particular the characters Xu Guangqi chose to label them.(徐光启为“点”“曲线”“平行线”“锐角”和“钝角”等陌生概念所创造的新的中文术语很快便成为中国数学的一部分，同样被接受的还有几何图形的样式，尤其是徐光启选择用来标注这些图形的字符)”可知，原本陌生的西方数学概念得以被中国学者理解和接受，从而降低了传播门槛。由此可推知，徐光启发明的几何术语有助于数学基础概念在中国的传播。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“His main interests were in irrigation, fertilizers, famine relief, economic crops, and observation based on experiments with early notions of chemistry. It was an enormous work with some 700,000 Chinese characters, making it seven times as large as the work of previous agricultural books.(他的主要研究领域包括灌溉、肥料、饥荒救济、经济作物以及基于早期化学概念的实验所进行的观察。这部著作规模宏大，共有约70万字，是以往农业类书籍的七倍之多)”可知，其撰写的农学著作《农政全书》是一本对中国农业发展非常有价值的书籍。故选C。
Passage 3
The Central Valley is among the most productive agricultural regions in the world: It makes up just 1 percent of all farmland in the United States, yet produces a third of nation’s fruits and vegetables. But it’s also extremely water-stressed. To grow all those crops, farmers have drawn so much groundwater that the land has gone down by several feet.
Since crops can’t be made less thirsty, many farmers have started using some of their land for solar energy. The Central Valley is perfect for this, being mostly flat and very sunny. On average, this energy use can bring in around $124,000 per hectare (公顷) each year. Altogether, the solar energy produced there could power around 500,000 homes and save enough water to supply 27 million people yearly.
But using farmland for solar panels comes with some costs. Food production in the region has dropped-by enough calories to feed 86, 000 people a year.
Still, this doesn’t have to be an either-or decision. Many farmers now grow crops like leafy greens and berries under solar panels (太阳能板). The panels provide shade (荫凉), which reduces water loss from the soil, allowing growers to water less often. “That’s going to allow for both energy independence and food safety,” said Jennifer Bousselot, who studies agrisolar at Colorado State University.
Farmers also have their sheep and cows feed under the panels. Their droppings enrich the soil, encouraging more plant growth.
Over time, the richness of the soil can be recovered, ready for farming again. Even if the land is simply left unused, this resting period helps bring back soil health. “We really see solar as a common landscape,” said Jennifer, “that can be sited, managed, and designed in a way to benefit both people and the planet.”
9．What is the main problem for the Central Valley
A．Water shortage. B．Low crop production.
C．Limited farmland. D．Growing population.
10．What is the purpose of paragraph 2
A．To explain farming change. B．To report farmers’ living.
C．To show solar energy benefits. D．To stress the income difference.
11．What does Jennifer think of the practice of the Central Valley
A．It harms the environment. B．It helps people and nature.
C．It is profitable in the long run. D．It works best in the Central Valley.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Solar Farms Feed the Valley B．Many Panels Cover the Valley
C．Thirsty Crops Dry Up the Valley D．Falling Harvests Hurt the Valley
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中央谷地因缺水，农民将部分农田改用于太阳能，同时探索农光互补等模式，实现能源与粮食安全双赢。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“But it’s also extremely water-stressed. To grow all those crops, farmers have drawn so much groundwater that the land has gone down by several feet. (但它也面临着极其严重的水资源压力。为了种植所有这些作物，农民们抽取了大量的地下水，导致地面下降了好几英尺)”可知，中央谷地的主要问题是水资源短缺。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“On average, this energy use can bring in around $124,000 per hectare (公顷) each year. Altogether, the solar energy produced there could power around 500,000 homes and save enough water to supply 27 million people yearly. (平均而言，这种能源使用每年每公顷可以带来约124,000美元的收入。总的来说，那里生产的太阳能可以为大约50万个家庭供电，并节省足够的水来每年供应2700万人)”可知，本段主要介绍了太阳能的好处，即展示太阳能的好处。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We really see solar as a common landscape,” said Jennifer, “that can be sited, managed, and designed in a way to benefit both people and the planet.” (“我们真的把太阳能看作是一种常见的景观，”詹妮弗说，“它可以以一种造福人类和地球的方式选址、管理和设计。”)”可知，詹妮弗认为太阳能的实践既造福人类又造福地球，即帮助了人和自然。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了中央谷地面临水资源短缺问题，许多农民开始利用土地发展太阳能，以及太阳能对农业和环境的积极影响，“Solar Farms Feed the Valley (太阳能农场养活谷地)”既体现了太阳能农场的作用，又点明了其对谷地的重要性，最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
Passage 4
When Yuan Longping was young, he witnessed the rough reality of farmers frequently suffering from poor harvests and even facing severe food shortages. Driven by a strong sense of responsibility to address this pressing issue, he made the decision to study agriculture and received his education at Southwest Agricultural College.
After graduation in 1953, Yuan took on the role of a teacher at Anjiang Agricultural School. He realized merely expanding the area of farmland was not the answer to increasing food production. Instead, the key lay in improving the output of the existing farmland. The question of how to achieve this was a hard challenge at the time. Yuan firmly believed that hybrid rice held the key to solving this problem. A hybrid is the result of crossing two or more varieties of a species, and one of its notable characteristics is that it often has higher production than traditional crops. But the idea of developing a hybrid of self-pollinating (自我传粉) plants like rice was highly debatable. The common belief then was that it was an impossible task.
Nevertheless, Yuan was fearless. Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming. This achievement was a turning point, as it not only solved the food problem in China but also brought hope to people around the world suffering from hunger, enabling farmers to significantly increase their rice output.
Today, it is estimated that approximately 60 percent of the rice consumed in China comes from Yuan’s hybrid rice. His innovation has not only ensured food security in China but also has a far-reaching impact globally. Many countries, such as India and Vietnam, which rely heavily on rice as main food, have also benefited from his hybrid rice technology.
Yuan Longping’s story shows us the power of perseverance, which serves as an inspiration for people throughout the world.
13．What was Yuan Longping’s key solution to increasing food production
A．Developing hybrid rice. B．Importing rice from other countries.
C．Expanding farmland area. D．Teaching better farming techniques.
14．What can be concluded about the development of hybrid rice
A．It’s an easy task to develop the rice. B．It’s widely accepted from the start.
C．It requires great determination and efforts. D．It has an impact on food production only in China.
15．Which words can best describe Yuan Longping according to the passage
A．Ambitious and honest. B．Sociable and brave.
C．Determined and selfless. D．Cautious and energetic.
16．What does this passage convey
A．Practice makes perfect. B．It’s never too old to learn.
C．He who laughs last laughs best. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．C 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述袁隆平凭借毅力攻克杂交水稻难题。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yuan firmly believed that hybrid rice held the key to solving this problem.(袁院士坚信，杂交水稻是解决这一问题的关键所在)”可知，袁隆平为提高粮食产量所采取的关键措施是开发杂交水稻。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming.(凭借坚定的决心和不懈的努力，他克服了一系列技术难题，成功培育出了第一种可用于大规模种植的杂交水稻)”可知，杂交水稻的开发需要极大的决心和努力。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming.(凭借坚定的决心和不懈的努力，他克服了一系列技术难题，成功培育出了第一种可用于大规模种植的杂交水稻)”以及倒数第二段“His innovation has not only ensured food security in China but also has a far-reaching impact globally. Many countries, such as India and Vietnam, which rely heavily on rice as main food, have also benefited from his hybrid rice technology.(他的创新不仅保障了中国的粮食安全，而且在全球范围内也产生了深远的影响。许多国家，比如印度和越南，这些国家主要以大米作为食物来源，也从他的杂交水稻技术中受益)”可知，袁隆平坚定且无私。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yuan Longping’s story shows us the power of perseverance, which serves as an inspiration for people throughout the world.(袁隆平的事迹向我们展示了坚持不懈的力量，这一精神对全世界的人们都具有极大的鼓舞作用)”以及文章讲述袁隆平凭借毅力攻克杂交水稻难题，可知，文章说明了有志者事竟成。故选D。
Passage 5
Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing.
Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic-linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant-based wrappers and填补 tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags.
Water shortage in agriculture is a growing issue, so how to conserve water is key in tea farming. Tea plants are more water-efficient than coffee, which requires lots of irrigation (灌溉). Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco-friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation.
Moreover, tea is lightweight, so transporting it has a lower environmental impact than heavy bottled drinks. Apart from that, many tea varieties can be sun dried or minimally processed, reducing carbon emissions.
Supporting sustainable brands encourages the industry to adopt greener practices. But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet.
17．What major change have tea companies made in packaging
A．Focusing on sustainable design. B．Turning to advanced materials.
C．Increasing plastic-linked packaging. D．Using individually wrapped bags.
18．How does the tea industry contribute to water conservation
A．Tea herbs require more water for growing.
B．Tea plants absorb rainwater less efficiently.
C．Tea companies introduce eco-friendly equipment.
D．Tea farms depend on recycled water for irrigation.
19．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph
A．To support sustainable tea brands.
B．To encourage a tea-drinking lifestyle.
C．To analyze the impact of choosing tea.
D．To praise green practices in tea farming.
20．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A scientific report. B．An environmental blog.
C．A tea-making magazine. D．An agricultural guidebook.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．B 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍在消费者环保意识增强的背景下，茶产业在可持续发展方面的优势及对环保的积极作用。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic - linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant - based wrappers and tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags.(可持续包装正成为茶叶行业的一大焦点。各公司正在摒弃传统的与塑料相关的茶包，转而设计可分解为无害天然材料的产品。一些品牌正在使用植物基包装材料和罐子来减少浪费。散装茶叶是减少包装浪费的最佳方式之一，因为它无需单独包装的茶包。)”可知，茶叶公司在包装方面主要的改变是注重可持续设计。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco - friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation.(许多茶园收集雨水以减少对淡水的依赖。像路易波士茶和洋甘菊等一些草本茶在干燥条件下生长，只需极少灌溉，所以它们非常环保。简而言之，选择茶而不是其他饮料有助于全球水资源保护。)”可知，茶园依靠收集循环利用的雨水进行灌溉，从而有助于水资源保护。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet.(但对于普通人来说，选择茶而不是其他饮料可能会产生更持久的影响。无论你喜欢绿茶、红茶还是清爽的冰茶混合饮品，你的选择都意义重大。茶不仅仅是一种饮品——它是迈向更健康地球的一步。)”可知，作者写最后一段是为了鼓励人们养成饮茶的生活方式，从而为环保做贡献。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing.(可持续发展已不再是一种潮流，而是一种必然需求。随着消费者环保意识的日益增强，饮料行业面临着减少碳足迹的压力。在所有饮品中，茶在可持续发展方面走在前列。这种古老的饮品拥有一种环保的消费模式，从可持续包装到极少加工环节都有所体现)”可知，文章围绕茶产业在可持续发展方面的表现，如可持续包装、节水、低运输影响等展开，强调其对环保的积极作用，所以最有可能出自一个环保博客。故选B项。
Passage 6
My name is Lucas van der Zee and I’m working at Wageningen University, the Netherlands. Farming today is not sustainable, with its greenhouse-gas emissions and its destruction of wildlife habitats. Agriculture now takes up half of Earth’s land surface at the expense of these habitats. Therefore, I hope to restore current farmland to its natural state by ending the vegetation stage of crop-growing.
Developing sustainable food production will require multiple approaches. My PhD research at Wageningen University in the Netherlands is inspired by alternative, indoor methods of food production, such as farming leafy green vegetables vertically (垂直地) and growing meat in a laboratory. I wondered if you can grow meat without an animal, can you grow fruit without a plant This could be done inside, which might help us to return some agricultural land to nature.
During my master’s programme in agricultural engineering, I discussed indoor fruit production with my professor. He invited me to write a master’s thesis (论文) on the subject of growing fruits without the plant. Now, we’re testing this idea.
The main task of my PhD is to collect immature (不成熟的) fruit or flowers from tomato plants, and try to grow them into healthy, high-quality tomatoes in the lab. Ultimately, we want to produce fruit from tomato cells, from which new plant organs can grow and skip using a plant entirely.
I have achieved some of the early results of my research, when I was testing different growing conditions at different stages of tomato development. The lighting is an energy-efficiency measure; we use blue and red LEDs, the best colours for photosynthesis (光合作用).
Some people get excited about the possibilities of my work, but most are hesitant, which I understand. In the past, people have rushed into using food technologies, such as cage-grown chickens and the extensive use of synthetic fertilizer, without considering the potential disadvantages. An important part of my PhD programme will be to assess the sustainability of my method.
21．How are the author’s ways to grow fruit
A．Expensive. B．Troublesome. C．Convenient. D．Meaningful.
22．What did the author’s professor react to his ways of growing fruit
A．He showed great interest in them. B．He expressed a little doubt to them.
C．He asked him to practice them quickly. D．He wrote a thesis about the subject.
23．How does the author produce tomatoes
A．By using only a little agricultural land. B．By using much sun for photosynthesis.
C．By making use of cells from tomatoes. D．By making use of a whole plant.
24．What is the author’s attitude toward past food technologies
A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Lucas van der Zee致力于研究室内无植物种植技术，以期实现可持续农业发展，并介绍了他的研究内容与理念。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I wondered if you can grow meat without an animal, can you grow fruit without a plant This could be done inside, which might help us to return some agricultural land to nature.(我想知道，如果你能在没有动物的情况下种植肉类，那么你能否在没有植物的情况下种植水果呢？这可以在室内完成，这可能有助于我们将一些农业用地归还给大自然)”以及后文作者的研究和实践可推知，作者种植水果的方式是有意义的，旨在将农田恢复自然状态。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段中“During my master’s programme in agricultural engineering, I discussed indoor fruit production with my professor. He invited me to write a master’s thesis (论文) on the subject of growing fruits without the plant.(在攻读农业工程硕士学位期间，我与我的教授讨论了室内水果生产的问题。他邀请我就无植物水果种植这一主题撰写一篇硕士论文)”可知，教授邀请作者就无植物培育水果的主题撰写硕士论文，表明教授对该方法表现出浓厚兴趣。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段“The main task of my PhD is to collect immature (不成熟的) fruit or flowers from tomato plants, and try to grow them into healthy, high-quality tomatoes in the lab. Ultimately, we want to produce fruit from tomato cells, from which new plant organs can grow and skip using a plant entirely.(我博士研究的主要任务是从番茄植株上收集未成熟的果实或花朵，并尝试在实验室里将它们培育成健康、高质量的番茄。最终，我们希望从番茄细胞中生产出果实，从中可以生长出新的植物器官，并完全跳过使用植物的过程)”可知，作者是通过利用番茄细胞来生产番茄的。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Some people get excited about the possibilities of my work, but most are hesitant, which I understand. In the past, people have rushed into using food technologies, such as cage-grown chickens and the extensive use of synthetic fertilizer, without considering the potential disadvantages.(有些人对我的工作可能性感到兴奋，但大多数人都很犹豫，这我可以理解。在过去，人们急于采用食品技术，如笼养鸡和广泛使用合成肥料，而没有考虑其潜在的缺点)”可推知，作者对过去的食品技术持怀疑态度，认为人们在采用这些技术时没有充分考虑其潜在的缺点。故选C。