名词--2026北京中考英语二轮专题练(教师版+学生版)

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名称 名词--2026北京中考英语二轮专题练(教师版+学生版)
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026北京中考英语专题
专题五 名词
考点讲练
考点1名词的用法
功能 位置 示例
作主语 用于动词之前,即“n.+make/have/is/are/...” Scientists have developed a way to read minds.
作宾语 用于动词或介词后,即“make/have/for/of/about/with/...+n.” Never meet strangers we know online. Dave's dog always greets him with excitement.
作表语 用于系动词后,即“be/become/keep/...+n.” Cassie wants to be a designer when she grows up.
考点2 名词的数
名词按其是否可以计数分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一、可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数的可数名词前一般有限定词,如冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that)、形容词性物主代词(my/your)、名词所有格(John's)等;单数可数名词变成复数形式一般会有词形变化。
1.单数可数名词变复数的规则变化
规则 示例
一般情况下在词尾加-s mistake—mistakes, customer—customers, place—places
以s、x、sh、ch结尾,在词尾加-es class—classes, box—boxes, wish—wishes, watch—watches 特例:stomach—stomachs
以f或fe结尾,一般把f或fe变为v,再加-es leaf—leaves, wolf—wolves, knife—knives
以y结尾 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,把y变为i,再加-es city—cities, family—families, activity—activities
以“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s boy—boys, toy—toys, way—ways
以o结尾 有生命的在词尾加-es potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes, hero—heroes 特例:kangaroo—kangaroos
无生命的在词尾加-s radio—radios, piano—pianos, zoo—zoos, photo—photos
2.可数名词复数的特殊形式
形式 示例
单数变复数时元音字母变化 foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—mice, man—men, woman—women, Englishman—Englishmen, Frenchman—Frenchmen
单复数同形 fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
只用复数形式 glasses(眼镜), scissors, clothes(衣服), trousers, pants, goods(商品)
本身表示复数意义 people(人们), police(警察), cattle(牛)
二、不可数名词
1.初中阶段常见的不可数名词
物质名词(无法区分个体的物质和材料)和抽象名词(抽象概念)一般为不可数名词。
类别 示例
物质名词 饮食类: milk, water, tea, coffee, soup, juice, meat, beef, pork, rice, bread, salt, sugar, cheese, butter...
材料及物品类: glass, plastic, cotton, silk, wood, silver, gold, money, furniture(家具), equipment(设备), litter(垃圾), chess...
自然类: air(空气), light(光), rain, snow, fire(火), wind, ice, electricity(电)...
抽象名词 学科类: Chinese, math, English, music, history, science...
信息类: news(新闻;消息), advice(建议), information(信息), knowledge(知识), truth(真相)...
感受类: surprise(惊讶), fun(乐趣), happiness(幸福), peace(安静;和平), luck(幸运), love(爱)...
行为类: work(工作), exercise(锻炼), attention(注意), control(控制), research(研究), help(帮助), trust(信任)...
日常类: time(时间), weather, health(健康), safety(安全), wealth(财富), homework, housework(家务), traffic(交通), courage(勇气), progress(进展), success(成功)...
注意 ①一些单词一般用作不可数名词,但强调种类时是可数名词。如:fruit—fruits,food—foods。
②vegetable虽是物质名词,但常被用作可数名词。
2.不可数名词的“量”的表达
不可数名词一般不能用数来计算,既没有单复数变化,也不能和a/an连用。如果要表达数量的多少,常用“表示数量的词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”。此结构中,数量决定计量名词的单复数形式。如:a glass of water (一杯水), a piece of news (一则新闻), three pieces of advice (三条建议), many bags of gold(许多袋金子)。
三、兼作可数名词与不可数名词的词
一些词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,作可数名词与不可数名词时,表达的意思不同。如下表:
不可数 可数 不可数 可数
agreement同意 (an) agreement协议 practice实践 (a) practice惯常做的事
charity慈善 (a) charity慈善机构 room空间;余地 (a) room房间
difficulty困难;费力 difficulties难题;难事 success成功 (a) success成功的人(或事物)
experience经验 (an) experience经历 space空间;太空 (a) space空隙;空子
glass玻璃 (a) glass玻璃杯 time时间 times次数
kindness仁慈 (a) kindness友好的行为 wonder惊奇 (a) wonder奇观
paper纸 papers试卷;报纸;论文 worry担心 (a) worry令人烦恼的事
pity同情 (a) pity遗憾(的事物) work工作 (a) work 著作;作品
orange橙汁 (an) orange橙子 exercise锻炼 (an) exercise训练活动;练习
fish鱼肉 fishes/fish鱼 chicken鸡肉 chickens鸡
四、名词的量的修饰语
类别 示例
修饰可数名词单数 a/an/one(一), this(这个), that(那个), every/each(每个), first/second等序数词
修饰可数名词复数 few(很少), a few(有些), several(几个), these(这些), those(那些), both(两者都), many(许多), a couple of(几个), a number of(一些;许多), two/three等大于1的基数词
修饰不可数名词 little(几乎没有), a little(一点儿), much(许多), a bit of(一点儿), a large amount of(大量)
既能修饰可数名词复数,又能修饰不可数名词 some(一些), any(任何), a lot of/lots of/plenty of(许多), most(大多数),all(所有的), the rest of(其余的)
注意 “one/either/both/neither+of ”修饰可数名词复数。如:one of the problems、either of the books。
考点3 名词所有格
名词所有格主要表示名词与名词之间的关系。
一、's 所有格
1.构成
单数名词 加's the boy's sister, my dad's car, the actress's name
复数名词 以-s结尾加' the teachers' office, the girls' interests, your grandparents' room
不以-s结尾加's children's books, Women's Day
2.用法
(1)用在有生命的名词后,多表示所属关系,意为“……的”。
(2)用于表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词后,如:China's capital、 today's newspaper、 five minutes' ride/walk/drive、three days' leave (三天的假期)。
拓展 表示“共同所有”和“各自所有”的所有格
表示共同所有时,只在最后一个名词后加's;表示各自拥有时,每个名词后都要加's。
例:Lucy and Lily's friend (两人共同的朋友) Lucy's and Lily's friends (两人各自的朋友)
二、of所有格
of所有格一般用于表示无生命名词的所属关系,如the window of the house。
of所有格的翻译
A of B通常翻译为“B的A”,在阅读理解或翻译题目中遇到该结构需要翻译准确。
例:What is the final purpose ofcommunication with other people 翻译为“与他人交流的最终目的是什么?”
Scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. 翻译为“科学家们对牛、青蛙和熊猫的感情做了研究。”
三、双重所有格
双重所有格形式为“of+'s所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,而of所有格只表示所属关系。如:a friend of my mom's (强调是我母亲众多朋友中的一个); a friend of my mom(强调是我母亲的朋友)。
语境全突破
一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.Several minutes later, many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (child) walked out in a line.
[答案]children
2.To develop China's own IPs, some theme parks make good use of traditional Chinese culture, and others focus on films about Chinese _ _ _ _ _ _ (story).
[答案]stories
3.It is one of my favorite _ _ _ _ _ _ (place) to take photos.
[答案]places
4.When Mr. Zhao got to my desk, he looked at my picture and said, “Wow! I like those bright _ _ _ _ _ _ (color)! That's great!”
[答案]colors
5.Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes enjoyable memories (回忆). Some people save _ _ _ _ _ _ (letter) and look at them over the years.
[答案]letters
6.The Truffauts helped her a lot and treated her like part of the family. They played _ _ _ _ (game) and shared traditional food with her.
[答案]games
7.For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (century), Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine.
[答案]centuries
8.People had rebuilt the bridge many _ _ _ _ (time). But it was still washed away over and over again.
[答案]times
9.“The historical relics (遗迹) in China's ancient _ _ _ _ _ _ (city) have made me want to learn more about the country's past,” Mohammed said.
[答案]cities
10.She plants different _ _ _ _ (kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden.
[答案]kinds
11.I spent one _ _ _ _ _ _ (night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in the “Tell China's Stories” contest.
[答案]night's
12.Later, with other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (people) help, he cheered up and made a living by making shoes.
[答案]people's
13.My _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (grandmother) garden is very nice.
[答案]grandmother's
14.The kingfisher(翠鸟) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (bird) example is just one that we learned from nature.
[答案]bird's/birds'
15._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Tony and Peter) father is a pilot. He has been to many countries.
[答案]Tony and Peter's
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
Galileo liked math so much that he decided to study it. He did well in school and he tried his best to pay the cost of school because his 1. (family) was poor. He was also helping to support his younger 2. (brother) studies. He tried to invent some 3. (thing) to make money.
One day, he heard that someone had invented a spyglass (小望远镜). He learned that the instrument could show faraway things as if they were nearby. It could magnify (放大) things to appear up to three 4. (time) bigger! Galileo decided to develop one of his own. He quickly understood how the spyglass worked and made improvements. He named his improved spyglass the telescope. It could magnify things up to ten times.
He continued to make improvements to his 5. (invent). One night, he pointed his telescope towards the night sky. He made his first space observation (观察). Up until then, everyone thought that the surface of the moon was smooth! However, with his telescope, Galileo saw that the moon was covered with many bumps (隆起) and craters (火山口). The telescope also showed many more stars. With it, Galileo was able to make many important 6. (discovery) about space.
[答案]
1.family
2.brother's
3.things
4.times
5.invention
6.discoveries
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2026北京中考英语专题
专题五 名词
考点讲练
考点1名词的用法
功能 位置 示例
作主语 用于动词之前,即“n.+make/have/is/are/...” Scientists have developed a way to read minds.
作宾语 用于动词或介词后,即“make/have/for/of/about/with/...+n.” Never meet strangers we know online. Dave's dog always greets him with excitement.
作表语 用于系动词后,即“be/become/keep/...+n.” Cassie wants to be a designer when she grows up.
考点2 名词的数
名词按其是否可以计数分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一、可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数的可数名词前一般有限定词,如冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that)、形容词性物主代词(my/your)、名词所有格(John's)等;单数可数名词变成复数形式一般会有词形变化。
1.单数可数名词变复数的规则变化
规则 示例
一般情况下在词尾加-s mistake—mistakes, customer—customers, place—places
以s、x、sh、ch结尾,在词尾加-es class—classes, box—boxes, wish—wishes, watch—watches 特例:stomach—stomachs
以f或fe结尾,一般把f或fe变为v,再加-es leaf—leaves, wolf—wolves, knife—knives
以y结尾 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,把y变为i,再加-es city—cities, family—families, activity—activities
以“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s boy—boys, toy—toys, way—ways
以o结尾 有生命的在词尾加-es potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes, hero—heroes 特例:kangaroo—kangaroos
无生命的在词尾加-s radio—radios, piano—pianos, zoo—zoos, photo—photos
2.可数名词复数的特殊形式
形式 示例
单数变复数时元音字母变化 foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—mice, man—men, woman—women, Englishman—Englishmen, Frenchman—Frenchmen
单复数同形 fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
只用复数形式 glasses(眼镜), scissors, clothes(衣服), trousers, pants, goods(商品)
本身表示复数意义 people(人们), police(警察), cattle(牛)
二、不可数名词
1.初中阶段常见的不可数名词
物质名词(无法区分个体的物质和材料)和抽象名词(抽象概念)一般为不可数名词。
类别 示例
物质名词 饮食类: milk, water, tea, coffee, soup, juice, meat, beef, pork, rice, bread, salt, sugar, cheese, butter...
材料及物品类: glass, plastic, cotton, silk, wood, silver, gold, money, furniture(家具), equipment(设备), litter(垃圾), chess...
自然类: air(空气), light(光), rain, snow, fire(火), wind, ice, electricity(电)...
抽象名词 学科类: Chinese, math, English, music, history, science...
信息类: news(新闻;消息), advice(建议), information(信息), knowledge(知识), truth(真相)...
感受类: surprise(惊讶), fun(乐趣), happiness(幸福), peace(安静;和平), luck(幸运), love(爱)...
行为类: work(工作), exercise(锻炼), attention(注意), control(控制), research(研究), help(帮助), trust(信任)...
日常类: time(时间), weather, health(健康), safety(安全), wealth(财富), homework, housework(家务), traffic(交通), courage(勇气), progress(进展), success(成功)...
注意 ①一些单词一般用作不可数名词,但强调种类时是可数名词。如:fruit—fruits,food—foods。
②vegetable虽是物质名词,但常被用作可数名词。
2.不可数名词的“量”的表达
不可数名词一般不能用数来计算,既没有单复数变化,也不能和a/an连用。如果要表达数量的多少,常用“表示数量的词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”。此结构中,数量决定计量名词的单复数形式。如:a glass of water (一杯水), a piece of news (一则新闻), three pieces of advice (三条建议), many bags of gold(许多袋金子)。
三、兼作可数名词与不可数名词的词
一些词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,作可数名词与不可数名词时,表达的意思不同。如下表:
不可数 可数 不可数 可数
agreement同意 (an) agreement协议 practice实践 (a) practice惯常做的事
charity慈善 (a) charity慈善机构 room空间;余地 (a) room房间
difficulty困难;费力 difficulties难题;难事 success成功 (a) success成功的人(或事物)
experience经验 (an) experience经历 space空间;太空 (a) space空隙;空子
glass玻璃 (a) glass玻璃杯 time时间 times次数
kindness仁慈 (a) kindness友好的行为 wonder惊奇 (a) wonder奇观
paper纸 papers试卷;报纸;论文 worry担心 (a) worry令人烦恼的事
pity同情 (a) pity遗憾(的事物) work工作 (a) work 著作;作品
orange橙汁 (an) orange橙子 exercise锻炼 (an) exercise训练活动;练习
fish鱼肉 fishes/fish鱼 chicken鸡肉 chickens鸡
四、名词的量的修饰语
类别 示例
修饰可数名词单数 a/an/one(一), this(这个), that(那个), every/each(每个), first/second等序数词
修饰可数名词复数 few(很少), a few(有些), several(几个), these(这些), those(那些), both(两者都), many(许多), a couple of(几个), a number of(一些;许多), two/three等大于1的基数词
修饰不可数名词 little(几乎没有), a little(一点儿), much(许多), a bit of(一点儿), a large amount of(大量)
既能修饰可数名词复数,又能修饰不可数名词 some(一些), any(任何), a lot of/lots of/plenty of(许多), most(大多数),all(所有的), the rest of(其余的)
注意 “one/either/both/neither+of ”修饰可数名词复数。如:one of the problems、either of the books。
考点3 名词所有格
名词所有格主要表示名词与名词之间的关系。
一、's 所有格
1.构成
单数名词 加's the boy's sister, my dad's car, the actress's name
复数名词 以-s结尾加' the teachers' office, the girls' interests, your grandparents' room
不以-s结尾加's children's books, Women's Day
2.用法
(1)用在有生命的名词后,多表示所属关系,意为“……的”。
(2)用于表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词后,如:China's capital、 today's newspaper、 five minutes' ride/walk/drive、three days' leave (三天的假期)。
拓展 表示“共同所有”和“各自所有”的所有格
表示共同所有时,只在最后一个名词后加's;表示各自拥有时,每个名词后都要加's。
例:Lucy and Lily's friend (两人共同的朋友) Lucy's and Lily's friends (两人各自的朋友)
二、of所有格
of所有格一般用于表示无生命名词的所属关系,如the window of the house。
of所有格的翻译
A of B通常翻译为“B的A”,在阅读理解或翻译题目中遇到该结构需要翻译准确。
例:What is the final purpose ofcommunication with other people 翻译为“与他人交流的最终目的是什么?”
Scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. 翻译为“科学家们对牛、青蛙和熊猫的感情做了研究。”
三、双重所有格
双重所有格形式为“of+'s所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,而of所有格只表示所属关系。如:a friend of my mom's (强调是我母亲众多朋友中的一个); a friend of my mom(强调是我母亲的朋友)。
语境全突破
一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.Several minutes later, many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (child) walked out in a line.
2.To develop China's own IPs, some theme parks make good use of traditional Chinese culture, and others focus on films about Chinese _ _ _ _ _ _ (story).
3.It is one of my favorite _ _ _ _ _ _ (place) to take photos.
4.When Mr. Zhao got to my desk, he looked at my picture and said, “Wow! I like those bright _ _ _ _ _ _ (color)! That's great!”
5.Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes enjoyable memories (回忆). Some people save _ _ _ _ _ _ (letter) and look at them over the years.
6.The Truffauts helped her a lot and treated her like part of the family. They played _ _ _ _ (game) and shared traditional food with her.
7.For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (century), Western medicine paid little attention to traditional Chinese medicine.
8.People had rebuilt the bridge many _ _ _ _ (time). But it was still washed away over and over again.
9.“The historical relics (遗迹) in China's ancient _ _ _ _ _ _ (city) have made me want to learn more about the country's past,” Mohammed said.
10.She plants different _ _ _ _ (kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden.
11.I spent one _ _ _ _ _ _ (night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in the “Tell China's Stories” contest.
12.Later, with other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (people) help, he cheered up and made a living by making shoes.
13.My _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (grandmother) garden is very nice.
14.The kingfisher(翠鸟) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (bird) example is just one that we learned from nature.
15._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Tony and Peter) father is a pilot. He has been to many countries.
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
Galileo liked math so much that he decided to study it. He did well in school and he tried his best to pay the cost of school because his 1. (family) was poor. He was also helping to support his younger 2. (brother) studies. He tried to invent some 3. (thing) to make money.
One day, he heard that someone had invented a spyglass (小望远镜). He learned that the instrument could show faraway things as if they were nearby. It could magnify (放大) things to appear up to three 4. (time) bigger! Galileo decided to develop one of his own. He quickly understood how the spyglass worked and made improvements. He named his improved spyglass the telescope. It could magnify things up to ten times.
He continued to make improvements to his 5. (invent). One night, he pointed his telescope towards the night sky. He made his first space observation (观察). Up until then, everyone thought that the surface of the moon was smooth! However, with his telescope, Galileo saw that the moon was covered with many bumps (隆起) and craters (火山口). The telescope also showed many more stars. With it, Galileo was able to make many important 6. (discovery) about space.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)
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