英语 必修 第三册 WY
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas (Reading & Writing)
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．tangled adj. 纠结的；复杂的
2．web n. 蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
3．weave v. 编，织
4．deceive v. 欺骗
5．latter n. 后者
6．fence n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．moreover adv. 此外，而且
2．independent adj. 独立的
3．apart adv. 分离，分开
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护→justified adj. 有正当理由的，有合理解释的
2．frank adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv. 坦率地，直率地；(表示直言)老实说
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
tear 熟义：n. 眼泪，泪水
生义：v. 撕碎，撕裂；扯掉；撕掉；挣开；拽开
课文三维剖析
Little White Lies
善意的小小谎言
Written1 more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well known excerpts of Scottish poetry： 1过去分词作状语
200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：
Oh, what a tangled web we weave,
When first we practise to deceive!
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
We all know that honesty is an important value and that2 lying is wrong, but3 who can honestly say that4 they've never told a lie Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that5 most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that6 we tell to protect others from the truth7. 我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。 We've all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us8 that9 we don't like. The majority of us of course don't tell the truth—we lie and10 say that11 the food is “delicious”． 我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说这道菜“很好吃”。 Or if12 a friend asks us what13 we think of their new haircut, we say “It's great！”， even if14 we think it's awful. But to what extent can we justify telling white lies15 like these 或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？ One of the main reasons for telling a white lie16 is to try to17 make others feel better18. However, when19 we lie and say that20 someone's haircut looks good, or when21 we say that22 we love a meal that23 we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others. 说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。 Another reason for telling a white lie24 is to give encouragement25. Say for example that26 your friend asks you what27 you think of his singing. You of course say that28 it's wonderful, despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. Stop for a moment and29 consider that30 perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that31 they can improve. Or perhaps, they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. 说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。 Finally, we may also tell a white lie when32 we want to protect others from bad news. If33 you've had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that34 your day was “fine”？ If the latter, don't you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings Wouldn't it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice35 2 know后带有两个并列的宾语从句，第二个that不能省略 3连接两个并列分句 4引导宾语从句 5引导同位语从句 6引导定语从句 7动词不定式短语作目的状语 8动名词短语作介词of的宾语；someone是cooking的逻辑主语 9引导定语从句，修饰先行词meal 10连接两个并列的谓语动词tell和say 11引导宾语从句 12引导条件状语从句 13引导宾语从句；ask sb sth, ask之后跟双宾语 14引导让步状语从句 15动名词短语作宾语 16介词短语作reasons 的后置定语 17动词不定式短语作表语 18make＋宾语＋宾语补足语结构 19引导时间状语从句 20引导宾语从句 21引导时间状语从句 22引导宾语从句 23引导定语从句 24动名词短语作宾语 25动词不定式短语作表语 26引导宾语从句 27引导宾语从句 28引导宾语从句 29连接两个并列的谓语动词， Stop和consider 30引导宾语从句 31引导目的状语从句 32引导时间状语从句 33引导条件状语从句 34引导宾语从句 35it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 to__respect__...
最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时候，我们可能也会说善意的谎言。假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？如果你选择隐瞒，难道你不觉得其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？
Going back to Walter Scott's lines36, we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance37. Perhaps the meal you said38 was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if39 he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing40 How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if41 you only shared good news instead of bad Moreover, how would you feel if42 you discovered that the people closest to you43 had been hiding the truth from you 回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评价是个谎言后，还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你还能期望他人真正理解你的情绪吗？而且，当你发现身边最亲近的人在对你隐瞒真相时，你又会有怎样的感受呢？ 36现在分词短语作状语 37定语从句，省略了that/which 38定语从句，省略了that/which 39引导条件状语从句 40作found out的宾语 41引导条件状语从句 42引导条件状语从句 43形容词短语作people 的后置定语
阅读领悟
(一)课文填空
1．What does “white lie” mean
White lies are little__lies that we tell to protect__others__from__the__truth．
2．What is the purpose of the essay
To inform us reasons of telling white lies and how to use white lies properly.
3．What does the author think about the white lies
The author disapproves of telling white lies.
(二)高频语法现象
1．that引导宾语从句
她告诉我她吃饭要迟到了！
She__told__me__that__she__would__be__late__for__dinner!
2．when引导时间状语从句
当我醒来时，太阳正冉冉升起。
When__I__woke__up,__the__sun__was__rising.
3．现在分词(短语)作状语
走在街上，我看见一位老朋友。
Walking__down__the__street,__I__saw__an__old__friend.
4．动词不定式(短语)作表语
最重要的是保持健康。
The__most__important__thing__is__to__stay__healthy.
5．过去分词(短语)作状语
在森林中迷路了，他们必须找到回家的路。
Lost__in__the__forest,__they__had__to__find__their__way__back.
(三)给下面的名言选择合适的解释并体会其深意
A．篱笆筑得牢，邻居处得好。
B．人类最基本的需要就是理解和被理解。
C．己所不欲，勿施于人。
1．Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.(C)
2．Good fences make good neighbours.(A)
3．The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood.(B)
探究一 热词
1.independent adj. 独立的(教材P14)
independence n. 独立 dependent adj. 依靠的；依赖的 depend v. 依赖；取决于 be independent of/from 独立于 be independent of sb/sth 不依靠某人/某物；不受某人/某物控制/影响 gain independence （from ...） （从……中）获得独立 be dependent on＝depend on/upon 依靠；依赖；取决于 It/That depends. 视情况而定。
【语境感知】
①Now my son is more independent; I have more time for myself.
现在我儿子更独立了，我有更多属于自己的时间了。
②We're going independent from the university and setting up our own group.
我们将从大学独立出去，成立我们自己的团体。
③It was important for me to be financially independent of my parents.
在经济上不依赖父母，这对我很重要。
④The company is dependent on government financial help.
这家公司依靠政府的财政援助。
⑤These charities depend on the compassionate feelings and generosity of the general public.
这些慈善机构依赖于公众的同情和慷慨。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①At the age of twelve, I began to live a life of independence (independent)．
②A child's development is dependent (depend) on many factors.
【学会表达】完成句子
③学生应该努力逐渐减少对老师的依赖。
Students should aim to become more independent__of their teachers.
2.apart adv. 分离，分开(教材P14)
apart from 除……外；此外 take ... apart 把……拆开 tell sb/sth apart 分辨出某人/某物 fall apart 破裂，崩溃，断裂，散开 set ... apart 使……与众不同；使……显得突出
【语境感知】
①Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.
除伦敦的房子外，他们在西班牙还有一座别墅。
②I can't tell the twins apart.
我无法区分这对双胞胎。
③Her unusual lifestyle set her apart as a child.
小时候，她独特的生活方式使她显得与众不同。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Apart from that everything went smoothly, and I'm confident for the race tomorrow.
【学会表达】完成句子
②罗德喜欢拆卸钟表。
Rod loves taking__apart clocks.
③然后，她的丈夫失去了工作，那项计划也破灭了。
Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell__apart．
3.justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护→justified adj. 有正当理由的，有合理解释的
【语境感知】
Although he puts a lot of efforts into the project, the final outcome hardly justifies all his achievements, yet in the long run, his perseverance proved to be justified.
虽然他为这个项目付出了很多努力，但最终的结果几乎不能证明他的所有成就，但从长远来看，他的坚持是有道理的。
4.frank adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv. 坦率地，直率地；(表示直言)老实说
【语境感知】
Frankly speaking, my client has been less than frank with me.
坦白说，我的委托人对我不够坦诚。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Quite frankly (frank), I'm not surprised you failed.
②She felt fully justified (justify) in asking for her money back.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③她非常坦率地讲述了她的经历。
She__spoke_about_her_experiences_very_frankly.
④他的恐惧被证明是有原因的。
His__fears__proved__justified.
5.tear [熟义] n. 眼泪，泪水 [生义] v. 撕碎，撕裂；扯掉；撕掉；挣开；拽开
【语境感知】
①A tear rolled down his face.
一滴眼泪沿他的面颊流下来。
②He tore the letter in two.
他把信撕成两半。
③I tore another sheet from the pad.
我从本子上又撕下一张纸。
④She tore herself from his grasp.
她挣脱了他紧紧抓着她的手。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①He tore his clothes off and dived into the lake. pull__扯掉
【学会表达】翻译句子
②我的牛仔裤被篱笆挂破了。
I__tore__my__jeans__on__the__fence.
探究二 长难句分析
6.One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better. (教材 P11) 说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。
【分析】 make others feel better是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。其中宾语补足语是 省略to的动词不定式短语，但是变成被动结构时，to不能省略。 make的复合结构： make＋宾语＋介词短语 make＋宾语＋形容词 make＋宾语＋名词 make＋宾语＋过去分词 make＋宾语＋动词原形 be made＋to do (sth)
【语境感知】
①“Make yourself at home，” the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house.
我刚一进屋子，女主人就对我说：“别客气，就像在你自己家一样。”
②We can give money to make the drinking water safe.
我们可以捐钱来使饮用水安全。
③We'll make you a tennis player yet.
我们将会让你成为一名网球选手。
④Can you make yourself understood in Russian
你能用俄语表达你的意思吗？
⑤Nobody made us go to bed at a certain time.
没有人让我们在某一固定时间上床睡觉。
⑥We were made to attend meetings every day.
我们被迫每天参加会议。
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中通常不用现在分词充当宾语补足语。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard (hear)．
②Children should be made to__understand (understand) the importance of saving water.
【学会表达】完成句子
③互联网使我们的生活变得容易和方便。
The Internet makes__our__life__easy__and__convenient．
④我们让他当我们的班长。
We made__him__monitor of our class.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义
(E)1.tangled A．n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆
(C)2.deceive B．n. 蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
(D)3.latter C.v. 欺骗
(B)4.web D.n. 后者
(A)5.fence E.adj. 纠结的；复杂的
b.匹配下列短语的词义
(E)6.manage to do sth A.保护某人免于
(C)7.the majority of B.提前；预先
(A)8.protect sb from C.大多数
(D)9.in conclusion D.总而言之
(B)10.in advance E.设法做某事
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．moreover adv. 此外，而且
2．independent adj. 独立的
3．justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
4．weave v. 编，织
5．frank adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
6．apart adv. 分离，分开
7．extent__ n. 程度；范围
8．honestly adv. 真诚地；诚实地
9．respect__ v. 尊敬，敬佩
10．tear n. 眼泪，泪水
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I honestly (honest) can't remember a thing about last night.
2．Seen(see) from the top of the hill, the school looks like a big garden.
3．Here are Daphne and David; the latter is my brother.
4．Apart from two men on watch, everyone was asleep.
5．Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one.
6．What a beautiful day it is!
7．Encouraged (encourage) by the teacher, the girl was very happy.
8．To truly grow as a person, one must be independent of the opinions and expectations of others.
Ⅳ.选词填空
moreover, dependent, apart, fence, justify, frank, tear, disappoint
1．Their fears are partly justified,__but we should not be afraid.
2．This is the first time she has experienced disappointment．
3．She is an independent woman who relies on her own abilities to achieve success.
4．I tore my coat on a nail yesterday.
5．I forget the exact age difference between Mark and his brother—they're two or three years apart．
6．Frankly speaking, I was a bit disappointed with the service at the restaurant.
7．She is not only talented but also works extremely hard; moreover,__she has a great attitude towards teamwork.
8．The children climbed through a hole in the fence．
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．The sunscreen lotion helps protect__your__skin__from (保护你的皮肤免受) harmful UV rays and prevents sunburn.
2．Despite the heavy rain, she managed__to__arrive__at__the__meeting (设法到达会议地点) on time.
3．It should be remembered that the__majority__of__accidents (大多数的意外) happen in the home.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．他明确表明了他反对这个建议。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
He__made__it__clear__that__he__objected__to__the__proposal.
2．一整天的工作使她筋疲力尽，她直接上床睡觉了。(过去分词短语作状语)
Exhausted__from__the__long__day's__work,__she__went__straight__to__bed.
3．你越集中注意力，你的答案就越准确。(the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...)
The__more__focused__you__are,__the__more__accurate__your__answers__will__be.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
I was sitting at my desk when another graduate student in my lab approached me. “Can you help？” he asked. His experiment wasn't working and he desperately needed help. I was then a fifth year PhD student, and I took pride in being the senior member of the lab, whom everyone looked up to. But that also meant I was the one everyone turned to for help—which ate away hours, days, and sometimes weeks that I could have spent on my own research.
There were many reasons I had a hard time saying no to such pleas (恳求). I was new to the United States for graduate school. I found it difficult to make new friends and discover activities I enjoyed. So I spent a huge chunk of my time in the lab, with my lab mates serving as my primary source of social connection. I feared that if I brushed them off, I'd lose their favor.
But the extra responsibilities came at a cost. I had to work extra hours to catch up with my own work, and I often made sacrifices to my personal life.
It wasn't until my wife gave birth to our first child that I realized how thin I had stretched myself, and how misguided my priorities were. While she lay in a hospital bed in the early stages of labor, I sat nearby hunched (伏首前倾的) over my laptop finishing up a work report hours later, after hearing my daughter's first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly onto mine, it dawned on me: I should have been fully present during my daughter's birth. I was clearly spending too much time working if my job had intruded (侵入) into one of the most precious moments of my life.
From then on, I decided to spend more time with my family by paring down my work tasks and carefully considering each request for help. I still enjoyed collaborating with others, but I prioritized mutually beneficial tasks or those my manager asked me to take on, rather than accepting everything that came my way.
I noticed many benefits: no longer working overtime, more family time, and improved work performance. I was also pleased to discover that “Sorry, I'd love to help but I have a deadline coming up” is an acceptable response to a request for assistance.
It's hard to say “no” to those you work with. But I've learned that sometimes that's the best course of action to avoid an excessive workload and lead a freer and happier life.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者渴望与他人建立联系，所以很难拒绝别人的请求，女儿出生后作者意识到最重要的事情就是陪伴家人，所以他开始仔细考虑每一个帮助请求。当作者学会拒绝别人之后，工作量少了，生活也更快乐了。
1．Why did the author find it difficult to refuse the requests of his lab mates
A．He was afraid to be left out by them.
B．He wanted to earn their respect.
C．He was the senior member of the lab.
D．He had once received help from them.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was new ... I'd lose their favor.”可知，作者很难拒绝实验室同事的要求是因为他渴望与他人建立联系，即他害怕被孤立。故选A。
2．What did the author realize after his daughter's birth
A．He was guilty for his absence when she was born.
B．His wife had sacrificed a lot for the family.
C．He should have balanced work and life better.
D．He should work harder due to the increased responsibilities.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“after hearing my daughter's first cry ... the most precious moments of my life”可知，因为忙于工作，作者没能见证女儿的出生，并为此感到后悔。由此可推知，女儿出生后作者意识到自己应该更好地平衡工作和生活。故选C。
3．What did the author decide to do after his daughter's birth
A．To put his work tasks aside.
B．To cut his work tasks down.
C．To stop his work tasks.
D．To get familiar with his work tasks.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“From then on ... each request for help.”可知，女儿出生后作者决定减少工作任务。故选B。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Enjoying family life.
B．Giving priority to family.
C．Giving and taking.
D．Learning to say “no”．
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“It's hard to say ‘no’ ... lead a freer and happier life.(对你的同事说‘不’是很难的。但我知道，有时候这是避免太多工作量、过上更自由、更快乐生活的最佳方法。)”可知，作者渴望与他人建立联系，所以很难拒绝别人的请求，但女儿出生后，作者意识到最重要的事情就是陪伴家人。所以作者学会了拒绝别人。所以本文主要讲述了要学会说“不”。故选D。
B
Kiley Crisp, a 15 year old teenager, has Williams syndrome (威廉姆斯综合征), a rare genetic disorder that causes learning and developmental issues. Despite her outgoing personality, Kiley sometimes struggles to make friends. Last year, however, she met two amazing girls at a summer camp she went to. The girls, who live far away from her, daily contact Kiley. They call her, check in on her using social media, and make her feel deeply loved.
Kiley was out to dinner with family to celebrate her turning 15. She was extremely moved to find that her friends drove three hours to celebrate her birthday! In a video posted by her sister Ashley on social media, Kiley is seen moved to tears at how kind her friends were to surprise her on her birthday.
In the video, the 15 year old is seen happily dancing around in a cafe. Then she feels two girls coming towards her. She realizes they are her two good friends. Kiley widens her eyes, unable to believe it, because both had told her that they felt sorry for not being able to come to observe her birthday. Then the two friends are seen comforting Kiley as they offer her hugs and wish her a happy birthday!
The video has acquired over 5.2 million views since it was posted, through which Kiley has received a lot of love. And in an update, she expressed her hearty thanks to those who left sweet comments. One of them said, “Really sweet of those girls to support their friend like that.” Another said, “The world would be a much better place if more people were like these girls. They are inspiring role models. We should all try to be so nice.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Kiley Crisp (基利·克里斯普)因患有威廉姆斯综合征而难以交到朋友，她在参加夏令营时遇到两个很棒的女孩，她们在Kiley的生日聚会上惊喜出现，深深地感动了Kiley，这些女孩之间的友谊激励了很多人。
5．Why is it difficult for Kiley to make friends
A．She is hard to get along with.
B．She suffers from a disease.
C．She lives far from other children.
D．She seldom uses social media.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Kiley Crisp, a 15 year old teenager ... to make friends.”可知，Kiley很难交到朋友是因为她患有威廉姆斯综合征。故选B。
6．How did Kiley feel in the video mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．Overjoyed but ashamed.
B．Shocked and embarrassed.
C．Satisfied but confused.
D．Surprised and touched.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In a video posted ... on her birthday.”可知，在这条视频中，朋友们的出现令Kiley感到惊喜，让她非常感动。故选D。
7．What impressed Kiley most at her birthday party
A．Her friends' unexpected appearance.
B．Observing her birthday with families.
C．Her success in making friends online.
D．The surprise given by the cafe.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Kiley widens her eyes ... observe her birthday.”可知，在Kiley的生日派对上，两位朋友意外出现，令Kiley印象深刻。故选A。
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Kiley reminded people to view her video.
B．Kiley promised to help teenagers make friends.
C．Their friendship has inspired many people.
D．More people intend to join in her birthday party.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“One of them said ... to be so nice.(其中一人说：‘这些女孩如此支持自己的朋友，真是太好了。’另一个人说：‘如果有更多的人像这些女孩一样，这个世界将会变得更好。她们是鼓舞人心的榜样。我们都应该做个好人。’)”可推知，她们的友谊激励了许多人。故选C。
Ⅱ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近因为一些事与父母意见不合，心情一直很郁闷。请给你的新西兰笔友Chris写一封求助信，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．简述事情经过；
3．希望获得建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris，
How are you doing
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Chris，
How are you doing With something making me upset these days, I'm writing to ask you for some suggestions.
As a senior high school student, I have much homework to do every day. However, without my agreement, my parents signed up for the piano and dance classes for me last week, which resulted in an argument between us. I haven't talked to them for several days. What should I do I'd appreciate it if you could give me some advice.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
单元写作
单元写作——人际关系类话题写作
人际关系类话题写作，主要探讨人与人之间的关系以及如何处理这些关系。这类文章通常会提出一个关于人际关系的观点，然后通过举例、分析等方式来论证这个观点。平时的练习中常出现在劝说性书信、建议信等文体中。这类关于人际关系的书信写作具有以下特点：
一、内容方面
1．针对性强：针对特定的人际关系问题展开，如朋友与同学相处不愉快。
2．实用性高：提供具体可行的建议来改善人际关系，对收信人有实际帮助。
3．情感表达：通常会表达对朋友的关心、理解等情感，增强书信的亲和力。
二、结构方面
1．开头：表明写信目的，对朋友的情况表示关心。
2．主体：详细阐述建议，一般分点叙述，条理清晰。
3．结尾：给予鼓励和期望，使朋友对改善人际关系充满信心。
I know you're having a hard time __________________ (问题). Here are my thoughts and some suggestions. In a new environment, it's important __________________ (建议一). Also, __________________ (建议二). Another tip is __________________ (建议三). This way, __________________ (作用)． Don't be shy. Take the initiative to make friends and ________________ (鼓励)．
※开头常用句式
1．I heard that you had a conflict with your friend and now you two aren't talking to each other.
我听说你和你的朋友发生了冲突，现在你们两个不说话了。
2．I knew you got into an argument with the teacher.
我知道你和老师争论了起来。
3．Let me give you some pieces of advice.
让我给你一些建议。
※主体段落常用句式
1．Remember, communication is the key to solving problems.
记住，沟通是解决问题的关键。
2．Undoubtedly, a good relationship between teachers and students is of great importance for our studies.
毫无疑问，良好的师生关系对我们的学习很重要。
3．Apologize if you think you did something wrong and listen to his side of the story.
如果你认为自己做错了什么，就道歉并听听他的说法。
4．It is of great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust, which is also beneficial to your mental health.
和你信任的人分享自己的感受益处很大，这同样对你的心理健康有益。
5．Make full use of your passion and kindness to bridge the gap between you and others.
充分利用你的热情和善良架起你和他人之间的桥梁。
6．In difficult times, it's important to support each other and stand together.
在困难时期，互相支持，团结一致是很重要的。
※结尾常用句式
1．If you have any question, please be free to let me know.
如果你有任何问题，请随时告诉我。
2．Hoping my advice is helpful to you and your life can be back on the track.
希望我的建议对你有帮助，你的生活可以回到正轨。
3．I hope these suggestions will work for you.
我希望这些建议对你有用。
假设你是李华。你的笔友Alice在信中提到她在学校总是一个人，不知道怎样和同学们打成一片。请你给她写一封回信，说说你对建立良好同学关系的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Dear Alice，
I'm sorry to hear that you feel alone at school. Here are some suggestions on building good relationships with classmates.
First, be open and friendly. Smile at your classmates and greet them every day. Try to start conversations with them about common interests. Second, participate in class activities actively, which can help you get to know your classmates better and show your enthusiasm.Third, be a good listener. When others are talking, listen carefully and respond appropriately.
I hope these suggestions will help you make more friends.
Best wishes，
Li Hua
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a really hot afternoon in September. Filled with excited audience in the stands, the stadium felt like a heated steamer (蒸笼). Every player was wet with sweat even during the warm ups. All this meant the game would be a tough test of the mind and body for the teams from Charles City High School and New Hampton High School.
Soon the game began and for the first thirty minutes, each team seemed to have a chance to win and they took the lead by turns. So tired was Mario Hoefer, the captain of the Charles City High School football team, that he had to stop to catch his breath occasionally during the race. Each time he stopped, his teammates came over to his assistance. Though feeling uncomfortable and worn out, Mario Hoefer pushed on as his team had to fight very hard to protect a slim lead while the New Hampton High School football team attempted a late comeback.
About forty minutes later, Mario Hoefer saw his teammates stopping the ball intended for Carter Steinlage, a member of the New Hampton High School football team. Mario Hoefer was about to help his teammates when he noticed that Carter Steinlage went down to the ground, screaming in pain. His eyes were wide open and a look of panic appeared on his face. Judging from Carter Steinlage's facial expression, Mario Hoefer realized that Carter Steinlage was in a serious condition.
American football can be pretty competitive. From tricking opposing teams to fan drama, they are just another part of the game. There have even been violent fights in the name of defending their own team. However, Mario Hoefer decided to show that his love for the sport would not stop him from helping a competitor in need.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Mario Hoefer immediately knew what to do.
The moment had been recorded by a viewer and posted on social media.
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
Mario Hoefer, Carter__Steinlage,__teammates
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
Although being opponent, Mario Hoefer still decided to lend__a__helpful__hand to Carter Steinlage.
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
Mario Hoefer was working hard for the game, but he wouldn't hesitate__to__help__his_
_opponent,__Carter Steinlage, who was in a serious condition.
5．Read for theme (主题)
Love__and__support are a theme even in a competition.
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
Mario__and__Carter,__the__two__former__opponents,__have__since__become__sincere__friends,__whose__story__convinces__people__of__the__true__spirit__of__sports.
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
The__game__continued,__nobody__realizing__the__moment__had__been__captured__by__a__viewer__in__the__stands.
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
Without hesitation，Mario Hoefer decided to take measures to help Carter.
第二段：
The public was amazed at what Mario Hoefer did to Carter.
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
Having made sure Carter was in fact merely experiencing a cramp, he knelt__down on the ground and held his left foot, pulling it towards himself to relieve Carter's pain. Meanwhile, he comforted Carter, “Take it easy. You'll be all right soon.” Gradually, Carter's panicked and painful expression began__to__soften. When his teammates and trainer made it to him, he had recovered. Carter rose to his feet, giving Mario a big hug to express his heartfelt__gratitude.
第二段：
Surprisingly, it received a flood of supportive__responses. Thousands of netizens sang high praise for Mario's act of kindness. Many thought what he did showed the true sportsmanship on the field and that the world needed to see more of such touching pictures. Mario didn't expect his instinctive action would arouse__such__a__big__reaction,__saying modestly, “It was no big deal to step in to stretch Carter's leg out. It was more like a brotherly__thing to help him out.”
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在一次比赛中，Mario Hoefer (马里奥·霍弗)带领球队奋勇争锋，但是在比赛进行到一半的时候，他发现对手Carter Steinlage (卡特·斯坦莱格)神情痛苦，他立刻冲到其身边，他是如何帮助Carter Steinlage的？被拍下的这一幕在社交媒体上反响如何？
[精彩范文]
Mario Hoefer immediately knew what to do. Having made sure Carter was in fact merely experiencing a cramp, he knelt down on the ground and held his left foot, pulling it towards himself to relieve Carter's pain. Meanwhile, he comforted Carter, “Take it easy. You'll be all right soon.” Gradually, Carter's panicked and painful expression began to soften. When his teammates and trainer made it to him, he had recovered. Carter rose to his feet, giving Mario a big hug to express his heartfelt gratitude. The game continued, nobody realizing the moment had been captured by a viewer in the stands.
The moment had been recorded by a viewer and posted on social media. Surprisingly, it received a flood of supportive responses. Thousands of netizens sang high praise for Mario's act of kindness. Many thought what he did showed the true sportsmanship on the field and that the world needed to see more of such touching pictures. Mario didn't expect his instinctive action would arouse such a big reaction, saying modestly, “It was no big deal to step in to stretch Carter's leg out. It was more like a brotherly thing to help him out.” Mario and Carter, the two former opponents, have since become sincere friends, whose story convinces people of the true spirit of sports.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1. 2. 3.
18(共97张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 1 Knowing me,knowing you
单元主题：人与社会——了解你我
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas (Reading & Writing)
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．tangled adj. ________________
2．web n. ________________________
3．weave v. ________
4．deceive v. ______
5．latter n. ______
6．fence n. __________________
纠结的；复杂的
蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
编，织
欺骗
后者
栅栏，围栏，篱笆
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．_________ adv. 此外，而且
2．___________ adj. 独立的
3．______ adv. 分离，分开
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．_______ v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护→________ adj. 有正当理由的，有合理解释的
2．_____ adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→_______ adv. 坦率地，直率地；(表示直言)老实说
moreover
independent
apart
justify
justified
frank
frankly
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
tear 熟义：n. ____________
生义：v. 撕碎，撕裂；扯掉；撕掉；挣开；拽开
眼泪，泪水
自主学习 课文语篇
Written1 more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：
1过去分词作_____
状语
课文三维剖析
ittle White Lies
善意的小小谎言
Oh, what a tangled web we weave,
When first we practise to deceive!
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
We all know that honesty is an important value and that2 lying is wrong, but3 who can honestly say that4 they've never told a lie Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that5 most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that6 we tell to protect others from the truth7.
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。
2know后带有两个并列的______从句，第二个that不能省略
3连接两个_________
4引导_____从句
5引导_______从句
6引导______从句
7动词不定式短语作_________
宾语
并列分句
宾语
同位语
定语
目的状语
We've all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us8 that9 we don't like. The majority of us of course don't tell the truth—we lie and10 say that11 the food is “delicious”．
我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说这道菜“很好吃”。
8动名词短语作介词of的______；someone是cooking的_________
9引导______从句，修饰先行词______
10连接两个并列的谓语动词____和____
11引导_____从句
宾语
逻辑主语
定语
meal
tell
say
宾语
Or if12 a friend asks us what13 we think of their new haircut, we say “It's great！”， even if14 we think it's awful. But to what extent can we justify telling white lies15 like these
或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？
12引导__________从句
13引导_____从句；ask sb sth, ask之后跟____宾语
14引导__________从句
15动名词短语作_____
条件状语
宾语
双
让步状语
宾语
One of the main reasons for telling a white lie16 is to try to17 make others feel better18. However, when19 we lie and say that20 someone's haircut looks good, or when21 we say that22 we love a meal that23 we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。
16介词短语作reasons 的__________
17动词不定式短语作______
18make＋宾语＋____________结构
19引导__________从句
20引导______从句
21引导__________从句
22引导______从句
23引导______从句
后置定语
表语
宾语补足语
时间状语
宾语
时间状语
宾语
定语
Another reason for telling a white lie24 is to give encouragement25. Say for example that26 your friend asks you what27 you think of his singing. You of course say that28 it's wonderful, despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. Stop for a moment and29 consider that30 perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that31 they can improve. Or perhaps, they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
24动名词短语作_____
25动词不定式短语作_____
26引导_____从句
27引导_____从句
28引导_____从句
29连接两个并列的__________， ______和________
30引导_____从句
31引导__________从句
宾语
表语
宾语
宾语
宾语
谓语动词
Stop
consider
宾语
目的状语
说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。
Finally, we may also tell a white lie when32 we want to protect others from bad news. If33 you've had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that34 your day was “fine”？ If the latter, don't you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings Wouldn't it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice35
32引导__________从句
33引导__________从句
34引导______从句
35it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 ___________
时间状语
条件状语
宾语
to respect ...
最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时候，我们可能也会说善意的谎言。假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？如果你选择隐瞒，难道你不觉得其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？
Going back to Walter Scott's lines36, we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance37. Perhaps the meal you said38 was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if39 he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing40 How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if41 you only shared good news instead of bad Moreover, how would you feel if42 you discovered that the people closest to you43 had been hiding the truth from you
36现在分词短语作______
37_____从句，省略了_________
38______从句，省略了__________
39引导__________从句
40作found out的______
41引导__________从句
42引导__________从句
43形容词短语作people 的__________
状语
定语
that/which
定语
that/which
条件状语
宾语
条件状语
条件状语
后置定语
回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评价是个谎言后，还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你还能期望他人真正理解你的情绪吗？而且，当你发现身边最亲近的人在对你隐瞒真相时，你又会有怎样的感受呢？
(一)课文填空
1．What does “white lie” mean
White lies are ________ that we tell to ________________________．
2．What is the purpose of the essay
To inform us ________ of telling white lies and how to use white lies properly.
3．What does the author think about the white lies
The author ___________ of telling white lies.
阅读领悟
little lies
protect others from the truth
reasons
disapproves
(二)高频语法现象
1．that引导宾语从句
她告诉我她吃饭要迟到了！
____________________________________________________________________
2．when引导时间状语从句
当我醒来时，太阳正冉冉升起。
____________________________________________________________________
She told me that she would be late for dinner!
When I woke up, the sun was rising.
3．现在分词(短语)作状语
走在街上，我看见一位老朋友。
____________________________________________________________________
4．动词不定式(短语)作表语
最重要的是保持健康。
____________________________________________________________________
5．过去分词(短语)作状语
在森林中迷路了，他们必须找到回家的路。
____________________________________________________________________
Walking down the street, I saw an old friend.
The most important thing is to stay healthy.
Lost in the forest, they had to find their way back.
(三)给下面的名言选择合适的解释并体会其深意
A．篱笆筑得牢，邻居处得好。
B．人类最基本的需要就是理解和被理解。
C．己所不欲，勿施于人。
1．Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.( )
2．Good fences make good neighbours.( )
3．The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood.( )
C
A
B
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
1.independent adj. 独立的(教材P14)
independence n. 独立
dependent adj. 依靠的；依赖的
depend v. 依赖；取决于
be independent of/from 独立于
be independent of sb/sth 不依靠某人/某物；不受某人/某物控制/影响
【语境感知】
①Now my son is more independent; I have more time for myself.
现在我儿子更独立了，我有更多属于自己的时间了。
②We're going independent from the university and setting up our own group.
我们将从大学独立出去，成立我们自己的团体。
gain independence （from ...） （从……中）获得独立
be dependent on＝depend on/upon 依靠；依赖；取决于
It/That depends. 视情况而定。
③It was important for me to be financially independent of my parents.
在经济上不依赖父母，这对我很重要。
④The company is dependent on government financial help.
这家公司依靠政府的财政援助。
⑤These charities depend on the compassionate feelings and generosity of the general public.
这些慈善机构依赖于公众的同情和慷慨。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①At the age of twelve, I began to live a life of _____________ (independent)．
②A child's development is __________ (depend) on many factors.
【学会表达】完成句子
③学生应该努力逐渐减少对老师的依赖。
Students should aim to become more ______________ their teachers.
independence
dependent
independent of
2.apart adv. 分离，分开(教材P14)
apart from 除……外；此外
take ... apart 把……拆开
tell sb/sth apart 分辨出某人/某物
fall apart 破裂，崩溃，断裂，散开
set ... apart 使……与众不同；使……显得突出
【语境感知】
①Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.
除伦敦的房子外，他们在西班牙还有一座别墅。
②I can't tell the twins apart.
我无法区分这对双胞胎。
③Her unusual lifestyle set her apart as a child.
小时候，她独特的生活方式使她显得与众不同。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Apart _____ that everything went smoothly, and I'm confident for the race tomorrow.
【学会表达】完成句子
②罗德喜欢拆卸钟表。
Rod loves ___________ clocks.
③然后，她的丈夫失去了工作，那项计划也破灭了。
Then her husband lost his job, and the plan __________．
from
taking apart
fell apart
（二）拓展词
3.justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护→________ adj. 有正当理由的，有合理解释的
justified
【语境感知】
Although he puts a lot of efforts into the project, the final outcome hardly justifies all his achievements, yet in the long run, his perseverance proved to be justified.
虽然他为这个项目付出了很多努力，但最终的结果几乎不能证明他的所有成就，但从长远来看，他的坚持是有道理的。
【语境感知】
Frankly speaking, my client has been less than frank with me.
坦白说，我的委托人对我不够坦诚。
4.frank adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→________ adv. 坦率地，直率地；(表示直言)老实说
frankly
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Quite _______ (frank), I'm not surprised you failed.
②She felt fully ________ (justify) in asking for her money back.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③她非常坦率地讲述了她的经历。
____________________________________________________________________
④他的恐惧被证明是有原因的。
____________________________________________________________________
frankly
justified
She spoke about her experiences very frankly.
His fears proved justified.
（三）熟词生义
5.tear [熟义] n. 眼泪，泪水
[生义] v. ____________________________________
撕碎，撕裂；扯掉；撕掉；挣开；拽开
【语境感知】
①A tear rolled down his face.
一滴眼泪沿他的面颊流下来。
②He tore the letter in two.
他把信撕成两半。
③I tore another sheet from the pad.
我从本子上又撕下一张纸。
④She tore herself from his grasp.
她挣脱了他紧紧抓着她的手。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①He tore his clothes off and dived into the lake. __________
【学会表达】翻译句子
②我的牛仔裤被篱笆挂破了。
____________________________________________________________________
pull 扯掉
I tore my jeans on the fence.
探究二 长难句分析
6.One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better. (教材 P11)
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。
【分析】 make others feel better是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。其中宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式短语，但是变成被动结构时，to不能省略。
make的复合结构：
make＋宾语＋介词短语
make＋宾语＋形容词
make＋宾语＋名词
make＋宾语＋过去分词
make＋宾语＋动词原形
be made＋to do (sth)
【语境感知】
①“Make yourself at home，” the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house.
我刚一进屋子， 女主人就对我说：“别客气，就像在你自己家一样。”
②We can give money to make the drinking water safe.
我们可以捐钱来使饮用水安全。
③We'll make you a tennis player yet.
我们将会让你成为一名网球选手。
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中通常不用现在分词充当宾语补足语。
④Can you make yourself understood in Russian
你能用俄语表达你的意思吗？
⑤Nobody made us go to bed at a certain time.
没有人让我们在某一固定时间上床睡觉。
⑥We were made to attend meetings every day.
我们被迫每天参加会议。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself ______ (hear)．
②Children should be made ____________ (understand) the importance of saving water.
【学会表达】完成句子
③互联网使我们的生活变得容易和方便。
The Internet ______________________________．
④我们让他当我们的班长。
We ________________ of our class.
heard
to understand
makes our life easy and convenient
made him monitor
对点练习 巩固所学
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义
( )1.tangled A．n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆
( ) 2.deceive B．n. 蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
( ) 3.latter C.v. 欺骗
( ) 4.web D.n. 后者
( ) 5.fence E.adj. 纠结的；复杂的
E
C
D
B
A
b.匹配下列短语的词义
( ) 6.manage to do sth A.保护某人免于
( ) 7.the majority of B.提前；预先
( ) 8.protect sb from C.大多数
( ) 9.in conclusion D.总而言之
( ) 10.in advance E.设法做某事
E
C
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．_________ adv. 此外，而且
2．___________ adj. 独立的
3．______ v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护
4．______ v. 编，织
5．______ adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
6．______ adv. 分离，分开
7．______ n. 程度；范围
8．________ adv. 真诚地；诚实地
9．_______ v. 尊敬，敬佩
10．____ n. 眼泪，泪水
moreover
independent
justify
weave
frank
apart
extent
honestly
respect
tear
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．I ________ (honest) can't remember a thing about last night.
2．_____(see) from the top of the hill, the school looks like a big garden.
3．Here are Daphne and David; ____ latter is my brother.
4．Apart _____ two men on watch, everyone was asleep.
5．Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so ____ it is cheaper than ever to own one.
honestly
Seen
the
from
that
6．______ a beautiful day it is!
7．___________ (encourage) by the teacher, the girl was very happy.
8．To truly grow as a person, one must be independent ___ the opinions and expectations of others.
What
Encouraged
of
Ⅳ.选词填空
moreover, dependent, apart, fence, justify, frank, tear, disappoint
1．Their fears are partly ________， but we should not be afraid.
2．This is the first time she has experienced ______________．
3．She is an ___________ woman who relies on her own abilities to achieve success.
4．I _____ my coat on a nail yesterday.
justified
disappointment
independent
tore
5．I forget the exact age difference between Mark and his brother—they're two or three years _____．
6．_______ speaking, I was a bit disappointed with the service at the restaurant.
7．She is not only talented but also works extremely hard; _________， she has a great attitude towards teamwork.
8．The children climbed through a hole in the ______．
apart
Frankly
moreover
fence
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．The sunscreen lotion helps ___________________ (保护你的皮肤免受) harmful UV rays and prevents sunburn.
2．Despite the heavy rain, she ____________________________ (设法到达会议地点) on time.
3．It should be remembered that _____________________ (大多数的意外) happen in the home.
protect your skin from
managed to arrive at the meeting
the majority of accidents
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．他明确表明了他反对这个建议。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
____________________________________________________________________
2．一整天的工作使她筋疲力尽，她直接上床睡觉了。(过去分词短语作状语)
____________________________________________________________________
3．你越集中注意力，你的答案就越准确。(the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...)
____________________________________________________________________
He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.
Exhausted from the long day's work, she went straight to bed.
The more focused you are, the more accurate your answers will be.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
I was sitting at my desk when another graduate student in my lab approached me. “Can you help？” he asked. His experiment wasn't working and he desperately needed help. I was then a fifth year PhD student, and I took pride in being the senior member of the lab, whom everyone looked up to. But that also meant I was the one everyone turned to for help—which ate away hours, days, and sometimes weeks that I could have spent on my own research.
There were many reasons I had a hard time saying no to such pleas (恳求). I was new to the United States for graduate school. I found it difficult to make new friends and discover activities I enjoyed. So I spent a huge chunk of my time in the lab, with my lab mates serving as my primary source of social connection. I feared that if I brushed them off, I'd lose their favor.
But the extra responsibilities came at a cost. I had to work extra hours to catch up with my own work, and I often made sacrifices to my personal life.
It wasn't until my wife gave birth to our first child that I realized how thin I had stretched myself, and how misguided my priorities were. While she lay in a hospital bed in the early stages of labor, I sat nearby hunched (伏首前倾的) over my laptop finishing up a work report hours later, after hearing my daughter's first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly onto mine, it dawned on me: I should have been fully present during my daughter's birth. I was clearly spending too much time working if my job had intruded (侵入) into one of the most precious moments of my life.
From then on, I decided to spend more time with my family by paring down my work tasks and carefully considering each request for help. I still enjoyed collaborating with others, but I prioritized mutually beneficial tasks or those my manager asked me to take on, rather than accepting everything that came my way.
I noticed many benefits: no longer working overtime, more family time, and improved work performance. I was also pleased to discover that “Sorry, I'd love to help but I have a deadline coming up” is an acceptable response to a request for assistance.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者渴望与他人建立联系，所以很难拒绝别人的请求，女儿出生后作者意识到最重要的事情就是陪伴家人，所以他开始仔细考虑每一个帮助请求。当作者学会拒绝别人之后，工作量少了，生活也更快乐了。
It's hard to say “no” to those you work with. But I've learned that sometimes that's the best course of action to avoid an excessive workload and lead a freer and happier life.
1．Why did the author find it difficult to refuse the requests of his lab mates
A．He was afraid to be left out by them.
B．He wanted to earn their respect.
C．He was the senior member of the lab.
D．He had once received help from them.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was new ... I'd lose their favor.”可知，作者很难拒绝实验室同事的要求是因为他渴望与他人建立联系，即他害怕被孤立。故选A。
2．What did the author realize after his daughter's birth
A．He was guilty for his absence when she was born.
B．His wife had sacrificed a lot for the family.
C．He should have balanced work and life better.
D．He should work harder due to the increased responsibilities.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“after hearing my daughter's first cry ... the most precious moments of my life”可知，因为忙于工作，作者没能见证女儿的出生，并为此感到后悔。由此可推知，女儿出生后作者意识到自己应该更好地平衡工作和生活。故选C。
3．What did the author decide to do after his daughter's birth
A．To put his work tasks aside.
B．To cut his work tasks down.
C．To stop his work tasks.
D．To get familiar with his work tasks.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“From then on ... each request for help.”可知，女儿出生后作者决定减少工作任务。故选B。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Enjoying family life. B．Giving priority to family.
C．Giving and taking. D．Learning to say “no”．
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“It's hard to say ‘no’ ... lead a freer and happier life.(对你的同事说‘不’是很难的。但我知道，有时候这是避免太多工作量、过上更自由、更快乐生活的最佳方法。)”可知，作者渴望与他人建立联系，所以很难拒绝别人的请求，但女儿出生后，作者意识到最重要的事情就是陪伴家人。所以作者学会了拒绝别人。所以本文主要讲述了要学会说“不”。故选D。
B
Kiley Crisp, a 15 year old teenager, has Williams syndrome (威廉姆斯综合征), a rare genetic disorder that causes learning and developmental issues. Despite her outgoing personality, Kiley sometimes struggles to make friends. Last year, however, she met two amazing girls at a summer camp she went to. The girls, who live far away from her, daily contact Kiley. They call her, check in on her using social media, and make her feel deeply loved.
Kiley was out to dinner with family to celebrate her turning 15. She was extremely moved to find that her friends drove three hours to celebrate her birthday! In a video posted by her sister Ashley on social media, Kiley is seen moved to tears at how kind her friends were to surprise her on her birthday.
In the video, the 15 year old is seen happily dancing around in a cafe. Then she feels two girls coming towards her. She realizes they are her two good friends. Kiley widens her eyes, unable to believe it, because both had told her that they felt sorry for not being able to come to observe her birthday. Then the two friends are seen comforting Kiley as they offer her hugs and wish her a happy birthday!
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Kiley Crisp (基利·克里斯普)因患有威廉姆斯综合征而难以交到朋友，她在参加夏令营时遇到两个很棒的女孩，她们在Kiley的生日聚会上惊喜出现，深深地感动了Kiley，这些女孩之间的友谊激励了很多人。
The video has acquired over 5.2 million views since it was posted, through which Kiley has received a lot of love. And in an update, she expressed her hearty thanks to those who left sweet comments. One of them said, “Really sweet of those girls to support their friend like that.” Another said, “The world would be a much better place if more people were like these girls. They are inspiring role models. We should all try to be so nice.”
5．Why is it difficult for Kiley to make friends
A．She is hard to get along with.
B．She suffers from a disease.
C．She lives far from other children.
D．She seldom uses social media.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Kiley Crisp, a 15 year old teenager ... to make friends.”可知，Kiley很难交到朋友是因为她患有威廉姆斯综合征。故选B。
6．How did Kiley feel in the video mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．Overjoyed but ashamed.
B．Shocked and embarrassed.
C．Satisfied but confused.
D．Surprised and touched.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In a video posted ... on her birthday.”可知，在这条视频中，朋友们的出现令Kiley感到惊喜，让她非常感动。故选D。
7．What impressed Kiley most at her birthday party
A．Her friends' unexpected appearance.
B．Observing her birthday with families.
C．Her success in making friends online.
D．The surprise given by the cafe.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Kiley widens her eyes ... observe her birthday.”可知，在Kiley的生日派对上，两位朋友意外出现，令Kiley印象深刻。故选A。
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Kiley reminded people to view her video.
B．Kiley promised to help teenagers make friends.
C．Their friendship has inspired many people.
D．More people intend to join in her birthday party.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“One of them said ... to be so nice.(其中一人说：‘这些女孩如此支持自己的朋友，真是太好了。’另一个人说：‘如果有更多的人像这些女孩一样，这个世界将会变得更好。她们是鼓舞人心的榜样。我们都应该做个好人。’)”可推知，她们的友谊激励了许多人。故选C。
Ⅱ 应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近因为一些事与父母意见不合，心情一直很郁闷。请给你的新西兰笔友Chris写一封求助信，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．简述事情经过；
3．希望获得建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris，
How are you doing ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Chris，
How are you doing With something making me upset these days, I'm writing to ask you for some suggestions.
As a senior high school student, I have much homework to do every day. However, without my agreement, my parents signed up for the piano and dance classes for me last week, which resulted in an argument between us. I haven't talked to them for several days. What should I do I'd appreciate it if you could give me some advice.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
人际关系类话题写作，主要探讨人与人之间的关系以及如何处理这些关系。这类文章通常会提出一个关于人际关系的观点，然后通过举例、分析等方式来论证这个观点。平时的练习中常出现在劝说性书信、建议信等文体中。这类关于人际关系的书信写作具有以下特点：
单元写作
单元写作——人际关系类话题写作
一、内容方面
1．针对性强：针对特定的人际关系问题展开，如朋友与同学相处不愉快。
2．实用性高：提供具体可行的建议来改善人际关系，对收信人有实际帮助。
3．情感表达：通常会表达对朋友的关心、理解等情感，增强书信的亲和力。
二、结构方面
1．开头：表明写信目的，对朋友的情况表示关心。
2．主体：详细阐述建议，一般分点叙述，条理清晰。
3．结尾：给予鼓励和期望，使朋友对改善人际关系充满信心。
I know you're having a hard time __________________ (问题). Here are my thoughts and some suggestions.
In a new environment, it's important __________________ (建议一). Also, __________________ (建议二). Another tip is __________________ (建议三). This way, __________________ (作用)．
Don't be shy. Take the initiative to make friends and ______________ (鼓励)．
1．I heard that you had a conflict with your friend and now you two aren't talking to each other.
我听说你和你的朋友发生了冲突，现在你们两个不说话了。
2．I knew you got into an argument with the teacher.
我知道你和老师争论了起来。
3．Let me give you some pieces of advice.
让我给你一些建议。
※开头常用句式
1．Remember, communication is the key to solving problems.
记住，沟通是解决问题的关键。
2．Undoubtedly, a good relationship between teachers and students is of great importance for our studies.
毫无疑问，良好的师生关系对我们的学习很重要。
3．Apologize if you think you did something wrong and listen to his side of the story.
如果你认为自己做错了什么，就道歉并听听他的说法。
※主体段落常用句式
4．It is of great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust, which is also beneficial to your mental health.
和你信任的人分享自己的感受益处很大，这同样对你的心理健康有益。
5．Make full use of your passion and kindness to bridge the gap between you and others.
充分利用你的热情和善良架起你和他人之间的桥梁。
6．In difficult times, it's important to support each other and stand together.
在困难时期，互相支持，团结一致是很重要的。
1．If you have any question, please be free to let me know.
如果你有任何问题，请随时告诉我。
2．Hoping my advice is helpful to you and your life can be back on the track.
希望我的建议对你有帮助，你的生活可以回到正轨。
3．I hope these suggestions will work for you.
我希望这些建议对你有用。
※结尾常用句式
假设你是李华。你的笔友Alice在信中提到她在学校总是一个人，不知道怎样和同学们打成一片。请你给她写一封回信，说说你对建立良好同学关系的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Dear Alice，
I'm sorry to hear that you feel alone at school. Here are some suggestions on building good relationships with classmates.
First, be open and friendly. Smile at your classmates and greet them every day. Try to start conversations with them about common interests. Second, participate in class activities actively, which can help you get to know your classmates better and show your enthusiasm.Third, be a good listener. When others are talking, listen carefully and respond appropriately.
I hope these suggestions will help you make more friends.
Best wishes，
Li Hua
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a really hot afternoon in September. Filled with excited audience in the stands, the stadium felt like a heated steamer (蒸笼). Every player was wet with sweat even during the warm ups. All this meant the game would be a tough test of the mind and body for the teams from Charles City High School and New Hampton High School.
读后续写
Soon the game began and for the first thirty minutes, each team seemed to have a chance to win and they took the lead by turns. So tired was Mario Hoefer, the captain of the Charles City High School football team, that he had to stop to catch his breath occasionally during the race. Each time he stopped, his teammates came over to his assistance. Though feeling uncomfortable and worn out, Mario Hoefer pushed on as his team had to fight very hard to protect a slim lead while the New Hampton High School football team attempted a late comeback.
About forty minutes later, Mario Hoefer saw his teammates stopping the ball intended for Carter Steinlage, a member of the New Hampton High School football team. Mario Hoefer was about to help his teammates when he noticed that Carter Steinlage went down to the ground, screaming in pain. His eyes were wide open and a look of panic appeared on his face. Judging from Carter Steinlage's facial expression, Mario Hoefer realized that Carter Steinlage was in a serious condition.
American football can be pretty competitive. From tricking opposing teams to fan drama, they are just another part of the game. There have even been violent fights in the name of defending their own team. However, Mario Hoefer decided to show that his love for the sport would not stop him from helping a competitor in need.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Mario Hoefer immediately knew what to do.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
The moment had been recorded by a viewer and posted on social media.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
1．Read for characters (人物)
Mario Hoefer, _______________, teammates
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
Although being opponent, Mario Hoefer still decided to _________________ to Carter Steinlage.
Carter Steinlage
5R解读故事
lend a helpful hand
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
Mario Hoefer was working hard for the game, but he wouldn't _________________________, Carter Steinlage, who was in a serious condition.
5．Read for theme (主题)
________________ are a theme even in a competition.
hesitate to help his opponent
Love and support
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Mario and Carter, the two former opponents, have since become sincere friends, whose story convinces people of the true spirit of sports.
4步确定框架
The game continued, nobody realizing the moment had been captured by a viewer in the stands.
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
Without _________，Mario Hoefer decided to take measures to help Carter.
第二段：
The public was ________ at what Mario Hoefer did to Carter.
hesitation
amazed
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
Having made sure Carter was in fact merely experiencing a cramp, he __________ on the ground and held his left foot, pulling it towards himself to relieve Carter's ____. Meanwhile, he comforted Carter, “Take it easy. You'll be all right soon.” Gradually, Carter's panicked and painful expression ______________. When his teammates and trainer made it to him, he had recovered. Carter rose to his feet, giving Mario a big hug to express his ________________.
knelt down
pain
began to soften
heartfelt gratitude
第二段：
Surprisingly, it received a flood of __________________. Thousands of netizens sang high praise for Mario's act of kindness. Many thought what he did showed the true sportsmanship on the field and that the world needed to see more of such touching pictures. Mario didn't expect his instinctive action would _______________________, saying modestly, “It was no big deal to step in to stretch Carter's leg out. It was more like a ______________ to help him out.”
supportive responses
arouse such a big reaction
brotherly thing
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在一次比赛中，Mario Hoefer (马里奥·霍弗)带领球队奋勇争锋，但是在比赛进行到一半的时候，他发现对手Carter Steinlage (卡特·斯坦莱格)神情痛苦，他立刻冲到其身边，他是如何帮助Carter Steinlage的？被拍下的这一幕在社交媒体上反响如何？
[精彩范文]
Mario Hoefer immediately knew what to do. Having made sure Carter was in fact merely experiencing a cramp, he knelt down on the ground and held his left foot, pulling it towards himself to relieve Carter's pain. Meanwhile, he comforted Carter, “Take it easy. You'll be all right soon.” Gradually, Carter's panicked and painful expression began to soften. When his teammates and trainer made it to him, he had recovered. Carter rose to his feet, giving Mario a big hug to express his heartfelt gratitude. The game continued, nobody realizing the moment had been captured by a viewer in the stands.
The moment had been recorded by a viewer and posted on social media. Surprisingly, it received a flood of supportive responses. Thousands of netizens sang high praise for Mario's act of kindness. Many thought what he did showed the true sportsmanship on the field and that the world needed to see more of such touching pictures. Mario didn't expect his instinctive action would arouse such a big reaction, saying modestly, “It was no big deal to step in to stretch Carter's leg out. It was more like a brotherly thing to help him out.” Mario and Carter, the two former opponents, have since become sincere friends, whose story convinces people of the true spirit of sports.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1.
2.
3.
