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新人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Poems高考一轮复习知识清单与梳理学案
第一部分 核心知识清单
一、高频单词（词性·义项·考点·真题）
1. polish vt./n.
核心义项与搭配：1. 润色（文章/报告）；2. 抛光；n. 上光剂。
常用搭配：polish up 改进；polish sth. for sth.。
【真题链接】：2025江苏适应性考试：
She spent hours ______ her speech for the competition, hoping to make every sentence vivid.
prejudice n./vt.
核心义项与搭配：1. 偏见；成见；2. 使怀有偏见。
常用搭配：prejudice against 对……的偏见；without prejudice 无偏见地。
【真题链接】2024新高考I卷：
The author argues that education can help break down the ______ against minority groups.（阅读理解）
sympathy n.
核心义项与搭配：同情；赞同。
常用搭配：have sympathy for 同情；in sympathy with 赞同。
【真题链接】2023全国甲卷：
When hearing about the old man’s misfortune, all the neighbors expressed their ______ and offered help.（完形填空）
sorrow n./vi.
核心义项与搭配：悲伤；感到悲伤。
常用搭配：to one’s sorrow 令某人悲伤的是；sorrow over sth.。
【真题链接】2024浙江卷：
Tears of ______ rolled down her cheeks as she talked about her lost son.（语法填空）
wherever conj./adv.
核心义项与用法：1. 无论哪里；2. 究竟在哪里。
用法：引导让步状语从句/名词性从句。
【真题链接】2025新课标I卷：
______ you go, remember to carry your ID card, as it’s required for hotel check-in.（语法填空）
二、词汇拓展
1. 词根词：sympathy n.（同情；赞同）
派生词：sympathetic adj. 同情的；sympathetically adv. 同情地。
【真题链接】2024天津卷：
The nurse spoke ______ to the patient, calming his anxiety.（语法填空）
词根词：correspond vi.（通信；符合）
派生词：correspondence n. 通信；corresponding adj. 相应的。
【真题链接】：2023全国乙卷：
His ______ with the famous writer was published last year, revealing their deep friendship.（阅读理解）
词根词：drama n.（戏剧；戏剧效果）
派生词：dramatic adj. 戏剧性的；dramatically adv. 显著地。
【真题链接】2025山东模考：
The number of online readers has increased ______ in the past five years.（语法填空）
词根词：innocence n.（天真；无辜）
派生词：innocent adj. 无辜的；天真的。
【真题链接】2024新高考II卷：
The ______ child had no idea about the danger ahead.（完形填空）
A. naive B. innocent C. silly D. stupid
三、重点短语
1. to the point 含义：切题；中肯。
【真题链接】：2024浙江卷：
His comment was short and ______ ______, winning applause from the audience.（完形填空）
consist of 含义：由……组成。
【真题链接】：2023全国甲卷：
The team ______ ______ five experts from different fields.（语法填空）
be based on 含义：以……为基础。
【真题链接】2025江苏适应性考试：
This novel ______ ______ a true story that happened in the 1980s.（书面表达常用）
in particular 含义：尤其；特别。
【真题链接】：2024新高考I卷：
I love all kinds of books, and science fiction ______ ______.（七选五衔接句）
make sense 含义：有意义；讲得通。
【真题链接】：2023全国乙卷：
His explanation didn’t ______ ______ to most students.（阅读理解）
四、核心句型
1. There are various reasons why...（why引导定语从句）
句型结构：以There be句型引出“原因”，why引导定语从句修饰reasons。
【真题链接】：2024天津卷：
There are various reasons ______ young people are fond of online reading.（语法填空）
仿写练习：There are various reasons ______ we should protect traditional culture.（填关系词）
The reason is that...（that引导表语从句）
句型结构：主句为主系表结构，that引导表语从句说明reason的具体内容。
【真题链接】：2025山东模考：
The reason he failed the exam is ______ he didn’t focus on his study.（语法填空）
仿写练习：The reason I admire her is ______ she always sticks to her dreams.（填引导词）
序数词+to do 不定式（表“第……个做某事的人”）
句型结构：序数词后接不定式作后置定语，说明“第几个做某事的人/物”。
【真题链接】：2023全国甲卷：
He was the first Chinese scientist ______ ______ this international award.（语法填空）
仿写练习：Tu Youyou was the first Chinese woman ______ ______ the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.（填不定式）
Wherever..., ...（让步状语从句）
句型结构：wherever引导让步状语从句，表“无论哪里”，主句说明相应的结果或做法。
【真题链接】：2025新课标I卷：
______ you travel, you should respect the local customs.（语法填空）
仿写练习：______ I go, I will take the book my mother gave me.（填引导词）
五、语法核心：定语从句
1. 核心考点梳理
（1）关系副词why/when/where
关键用法：先行词分别为reason、time、place，且从句中缺少状语时使用；其中why可替换为for which。
基础练习：This is the village ______ I spent my childhood.（填关系副词）
（2）非限制性定语从句
关键用法：与主句关系松散，用逗号分隔；不可用that/why引导；先行词可指单个名词/代词或整个主句，指物/主句内容时用which/as。
基础练习：She has a younger brother, ______ is an English teacher.（填关系代词）
（3）介词+关系代词
关键用法：介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配或从句谓语动词的固定搭配；指人时用whom，指物时用which。
基础练习：The book ______ ______ I paid 50 yuan is very useful.（填介词+关系代词）
（4）as与which区别
关键用法：as可位于句首、句中或句末，常表“正如”，常见搭配如as is known to all；which仅能位于句中或句末，常表“这/那一点”，指代前文内容。
基础练习：______ is known to all, paper was invented in China.（填关系代词）
A. Which B. As C. That D. What
2. 2023-2025真题精析
真题1（2025新课标I卷）：The bookstore ______ we bought the reference book is holding a reading activity.（语法填空）
真题2（2024浙江卷）：He won the first prize in the contest, ______ surprised all of us.（语法填空）
真题3（2023全国乙卷）：The professor ______ ______ we learned a lot passed away last month.（语法填空）
第二部分 真题实战与能力提升
一、语法填空（2025模拟题改编）
Poetry, which has a long history, is a form of literature ______ (1) expresses people’s emotions. Many famous poets, such as Tagore, the first Asian ______ (2) (win) the Nobel Prize in Literature, have created countless excellent works. The reason why poetry is still popular today is ______ (3) it can convey deep feelings in simple language. When reading Tang poetry, we often feel sympathy ______ (4) the poets’ experiences. Some poems ______ (5) (consist) of only a few lines can still touch our hearts. ______ (6) (polish) a poem requires patience and creativity, as every word needs to be carefully chosen. ______ (7) wherever we read poetry, we can feel the beauty of language and the power of culture.
二、完形填空（2024新高考I卷节选）
When I first started writing poetry, I often struggled to make my works ______ (1) to the point. My teacher told me that poetry should be based on real emotions, not empty words. She encouraged me to read more classic poems, ______ (2) from the Tang Dynasty in particular. I followed her advice and began to keep a diary to record my feelings. One day, I wrote a poem about my grandmother’s old house, ______ (3) I spent my childhood. When I read it to my classmates, they expressed their ______ (4) (sympathy) and said it touched their hearts. This experience made me realize that the core of poetry is sincerity.
三、书面表达（2024天津卷真题方向）
题目：你校将举办“诗歌与青春”主题征文活动，请写一篇短文投稿，介绍你喜欢的一首诗及它对你的影响。
参考框架：
1. 开头：运用核心句型There are various reasons why...引出喜欢的诗歌，如“There are various reasons why I am fond of the poem ‘Youth’ by Li He.”，开门见山点明主题。
2. 主体：结合定语从句和高频短语展开，如“The poem, which consists of four lines, describes the vitality of youth. It tells us that youth is like a bright flame, encouraging me to keep pursuing my dreams.”，既介绍诗歌特点，又说明其内涵。
3. 结尾：用The reason is that...句型总结推荐理由，如“The reason I recommend this poem is that it always reminds me to cherish the present and be brave to face challenges.”，升华主题。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Poems高考一轮复习知识清单与梳理学案
第一部分 核心知识清单
一、高频单词（词性·义项·考点·真题）
1. polish vt./n.
核心义项与搭配：1. 润色（文章/报告）；2. 抛光；n. 上光剂。
常用搭配：polish up 改进；polish sth. for sth.。
【真题链接】：2025江苏适应性考试：
She spent hours ______ her speech for the competition, hoping to make every sentence vivid.
答案：polishing
解析：此处“polish”表“润色”，“spend time (in) doing sth.”为固定结构，故填动名词形式polishing。
prejudice n./vt.
核心义项与搭配：1. 偏见；成见；2. 使怀有偏见。
常用搭配：prejudice against 对……的偏见；without prejudice 无偏见地。
【真题链接】2024新高考I卷：
The author argues that education can help break down the ______ against minority groups.（阅读理解）
答案：prejudice
解析：结合语境“打破对少数群体的……”，此处需填名词“偏见”，“prejudice against”为固定搭配，符合语义。
sympathy n.
核心义项与搭配：同情；赞同。
常用搭配：have sympathy for 同情；in sympathy with 赞同。
【真题链接】2023全国甲卷：
When hearing about the old man’s misfortune, all the neighbors expressed their ______ and offered help.（完形填空）
答案：sympathy
解析：语境为“邻居们表达……并提供帮助”，结合搭配“express sympathy”，此处填“sympathy”表“同情”，符合逻辑。
sorrow n./vi.
核心义项与搭配：悲伤；感到悲伤。
常用搭配：to one’s sorrow 令某人悲伤的是；sorrow over sth.。
【真题链接】2024浙江卷：
Tears of ______ rolled down her cheeks as she talked about her lost son.（语法填空）
答案：sorrow
解析：由“谈论失去的儿子”可知此处表“悲伤”，“tears of sorrow”为固定表达，意为“泪水”，故填sorrow。
wherever conj./adv.
核心义项与用法：1. 无论哪里；2. 究竟在哪里。
用法：引导让步状语从句/名词性从句。
【真题链接】2025新课标I卷：
______ you go, remember to carry your ID card, as it’s required for hotel check-in.（语法填空）
答案：Wherever
解析：此处引导让步状语从句，表“无论你去哪里”，“wherever”可直接引导该类从句，符合语境需求。
二、词汇拓展
1. 词根词：sympathy n.（同情；赞同）
派生词：sympathetic adj. 同情的；sympathetically adv. 同情地。
【真题链接】2024天津卷：
The nurse spoke ______ to the patient, calming his anxiety.（语法填空）
答案：sympathetically
解析：此处需用副词修饰动词“spoke”，“sympathetically”为“sympathy”的副词形式，表“同情地”，符合“护士安抚病人”的语境。
词根词：correspond vi.（通信；符合）
派生词：correspondence n. 通信；corresponding adj. 相应的。
【真题链接】：2023全国乙卷：
His ______ with the famous writer was published last year, revealing their deep friendship.（阅读理解）
答案：correspondence
解析：此处需填名词作主语，“correspondence”为“correspond”的名词形式，表“通信”，结合“出版”“深厚友谊”语境，语义通顺。
词根词：drama n.（戏剧；戏剧效果）
派生词：dramatic adj. 戏剧性的；dramatically adv. 显著地。
【真题链接】2025山东模考：
The number of online readers has increased ______ in the past five years.（语法填空）
答案：dramatically
解析：此处需用副词修饰动词“increased”，“dramatically”表“显著地”，符合“网络读者数量增长”的描述，语义准确。
词根词：innocence n.（天真；无辜）
派生词：innocent adj. 无辜的；天真的。
【真题链接】2024新高考II卷：
The ______ child had no idea about the danger ahead.（完形填空）
A. naive B. innocent C. silly D. stupid
答案：B
解析：“innocent”表“天真的”，不含贬义，符合“孩子对危险毫无察觉”的语境；A项“naive”虽表“天真”但常含贬义，C、D项“愚蠢的”语义不符，故选B。
三、重点短语
1. to the point 含义：切题；中肯。
【真题链接】：2024浙江卷：
His comment was short and ______ ______, winning applause from the audience.（完形填空）
答案：to the point
解析：“to the point”为固定短语，表“切题”，结合“评论简短”“赢得掌声”，可知此处强调评论的针对性，符合语境。
consist of 含义：由……组成。
【真题链接】：2023全国甲卷：
The team ______ ______ five experts from different fields.（语法填空）
答案：consists of
解析：“consist of”表“由……组成”，无被动语态，主语“the team”为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填consists of。
be based on 含义：以……为基础。
【真题链接】2025江苏适应性考试：
This novel ______ ______ a true story that happened in the 1980s.（书面表达常用）
答案：is based on
解析：“be based on”为固定短语，表“以……为基础”，主语“this novel”为单数，be动词用is，故填is based on。
in particular 含义：尤其；特别。
【真题链接】：2024新高考I卷：
I love all kinds of books, and science fiction ______ ______.（七选五衔接句）
答案：in particular
解析：“in particular”表“尤其”，用于强调对“科幻小说”的喜爱，衔接前文“喜欢各类书籍”，逻辑连贯。
make sense 含义：有意义；讲得通。
【真题链接】：2023全国乙卷：
His explanation didn’t ______ ______ to most students.（阅读理解）
答案：make sense
解析：“make sense”表“讲得通”，否定形式为“didn’t make sense”，结合语境“学生无法理解他的解释”，语义符合。
四、核心句型
1. There are various reasons why...（why引导定语从句）
句型结构：以There be句型引出“原因”，why引导定语从句修饰reasons。
【真题链接】：2024天津卷：
There are various reasons ______ young people are fond of online reading.（语法填空）
答案：why
解析：先行词为“reasons”，从句中不缺主干成分，需用关系副词why引导定语从句，表“……的原因”，符合句型结构。
仿写练习：There are various reasons ______ we should protect traditional culture.（填关系词）
答案：why
The reason is that...（that引导表语从句）
句型结构：主句为主系表结构，that引导表语从句说明reason的具体内容。
【真题链接】：2025山东模考：
The reason he failed the exam is ______ he didn’t focus on his study.（语法填空）
答案：that
解析：“The reason...is that...”为固定句型，表语从句中不缺成分，用that引导，不可用because替换，符合语法规则。
仿写练习：The reason I admire her is ______ she always sticks to her dreams.（填引导词）
答案：that
序数词+to do 不定式（表“第……个做某事的人”）
句型结构：序数词后接不定式作后置定语，说明“第几个做某事的人/物”。
【真题链接】：2023全国甲卷：
He was the first Chinese scientist ______ ______ this international award.（语法填空）
答案：to win
解析：序数词“the first”后需接不定式作后置定语，表“第一个赢得该奖项的中国科学家”，符合句型用法。
仿写练习：Tu Youyou was the first Chinese woman ______ ______ the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.（填不定式）
答案：to win
Wherever..., ...（让步状语从句）
句型结构：wherever引导让步状语从句，表“无论哪里”，主句说明相应的结果或做法。
【真题链接】：2025新课标I卷：
______ you travel, you should respect the local customs.（语法填空）
答案：Wherever
解析：“wherever”引导让步状语从句，表“无论你去哪里”，主句说明“尊重当地习俗”的做法，符合句型逻辑。
仿写练习：______ I go, I will take the book my mother gave me.（填引导词）
答案：Wherever
五、语法核心：定语从句
1. 核心考点梳理
（1）关系副词why/when/where
关键用法：先行词分别为reason、time、place，且从句中缺少状语时使用；其中why可替换为for which。
基础练习：This is the village ______ I spent my childhood.（填关系副词）
答案：where
解析：先行词“village”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用where引导定语从句。
（2）非限制性定语从句
关键用法：与主句关系松散，用逗号分隔；不可用that/why引导；先行词可指单个名词/代词或整个主句，指物/主句内容时用which/as。
基础练习：She has a younger brother, ______ is an English teacher.（填关系代词）
答案：who
解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词“brother”指人，用who引导，不可用that。
（3）介词+关系代词
关键用法：介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配或从句谓语动词的固定搭配；指人时用whom，指物时用which。
基础练习：The book ______ ______ I paid 50 yuan is very useful.（填介词+关系代词）
答案：for which
解析：“pay for”为固定搭配，介词for提前，先行词“book”指物，用which，故为for which。
（4）as与which区别
关键用法：as可位于句首、句中或句末，常表“正如”，常见搭配如as is known to all；which仅能位于句中或句末，常表“这/那一点”，指代前文内容。
基础练习：______ is known to all, paper was invented in China.（填关系代词）
A. Which B. As C. That D. What
答案：B
解析：从句位于句首，表“正如”，用as引导非限制性定语从句，which不可位于句首，故选B。
2. 2023-2025真题精析
真题1（2025新课标I卷）：The bookstore ______ we bought the reference book is holding a reading activity.（语法填空）
答案：where
解析：先行词bookstore表地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导；也可替换为in which，符合“介词+关系代词”的用法。 真题2（2024浙江卷）：He won the first prize in the contest, ______ surprised all of us.（语法填空）
答案：which
解析：此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文“他在比赛中获一等奖”这件事，需用which指代，不可用that。 真题3（2023全国乙卷）：The professor ______ ______ we learned a lot passed away last month.（语法填空）
答案：from whom
解析：从句中存在固定搭配learn from，介词from提前至关系代词前；先行词professor指人，故用whom，组合为from whom。
第二部分 真题实战与能力提升
一、语法填空（2025模拟题改编）
Poetry, which has a long history, is a form of literature ______ (1) expresses people’s emotions. Many famous poets, such as Tagore, the first Asian ______ (2) (win) the Nobel Prize in Literature, have created countless excellent works. The reason why poetry is still popular today is ______ (3) it can convey deep feelings in simple language. When reading Tang poetry, we often feel sympathy ______ (4) the poets’ experiences. Some poems ______ (5) (consist) of only a few lines can still touch our hearts. ______ (6) (polish) a poem requires patience and creativity, as every word needs to be carefully chosen. ______ (7) wherever we read poetry, we can feel the beauty of language and the power of culture.
答案与解析：
which/that（定语从句考点，先行词literature指物，从句缺主语，用which或that引导）；
to win（序数词the first后接不定式作后置定语，为单元核心句型）；
that（表语从句考点，The reason后接表语从句用that引导，不可用because）；
for（固定搭配have sympathy for，单元高频短语）；
consisting（现在分词作定语，poems与consist为主动关系，consist of无被动）；
Polishing（动名词作主语，polish为动词，需转化为动名词形式）；
7. 去掉wherever前的that（wherever可直接引导让步状语从句，无需加that，避免句式杂糅）。
二、完形填空（2024新高考I卷节选）
When I first started writing poetry, I often struggled to make my works ______ (1) to the point. My teacher told me that poetry should be based on real emotions, not empty words. She encouraged me to read more classic poems, ______ (2) from the Tang Dynasty in particular. I followed her advice and began to keep a diary to record my feelings. One day, I wrote a poem about my grandmother’s old house, ______ (3) I spent my childhood. When I read it to my classmates, they expressed their ______ (4) (sympathy) and said it touched their hearts. This experience made me realize that the core of poetry is sincerity.
答案：1. (short and) to the point；2. those；3. where；4. sympathy。
解析：1. 考查固定短语“to the point”，表“切题”，“short and to the point”为常用表达，符合“让作品精炼切题”的语境；
考查代词指代，“those”指代前文“classic poems”，避免重复；
考查定语从句关系副词，先行词“old house”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用where；
4. 考查名词“sympathy”，与动词“expressed”搭配，表“表达同情”。
三、书面表达（2024天津卷真题方向）
题目：你校将举办“诗歌与青春”主题征文活动，请写一篇短文投稿，介绍你喜欢的一首诗及它对你的影响。
参考框架：
1. 开头：运用核心句型There are various reasons why...引出喜欢的诗歌，如“There are various reasons why I am fond of the poem ‘Youth’ by Li He.”，开门见山点明主题。
2. 主体：结合定语从句和高频短语展开，如“The poem, which consists of four lines, describes the vitality of youth. It tells us that youth is like a bright flame, encouraging me to keep pursuing my dreams.”，既介绍诗歌特点，又说明其内涵。
3. 结尾：用The reason is that...句型总结推荐理由，如“The reason I recommend this poem is that it always reminds me to cherish the present and be brave to face challenges.”，升华主题。
