2016成才之路·人教版英语·选修8：unit3 Inventors and inventions （7份打包）

Unit 3　Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ．单词拼写导学号 35690167
1．It is c______for me to call on him now and then．
2．They were so much alike that we could hardly d______one from the other．
3．She ate a little for lunch in e______of a good dinner．
4．“He was examined by a doctor．” is a p______sentence．
5．A final word of________(警告)—never try any of this without backing up your system．
6．My way of thinking might be different from yours，but it's equally________(有效的；确凿的)．
7．He applied for a________(专利) for a new method of removing paint．
8．Our conversation came to an________(突然的) end when George burst into the room．
9．We will keep your details on________(档案)．
10．What are the________(标准) for deciding who gets the prize？
答案：1．convenient　2．distinguish　3．expectation　4．passive　5．caution　6．valid　7．patent　8．abrupt　9．file　10．criteria
Ⅱ．句型转换导学号 35690168
1．They returned to their hometown only when the war was over．
→Only when the war was over ______ ______ ________ to their hometown．
2．Wild elephants appear from time to time to destroy the crops．
→Wild elephants appear ________ ________ ________ to destroy the crops．
3．When we are asked about our future plan，we don't know what to say．
→________ ________ our future plan，we don't know what to say．
4．George set out to improve his handwriting．
→George ________ ________ improving his handwriting．
5．Even their teacher can't tell Tom from his twin brother．
→Even their teacher can't ______ ______ Tom ________ his twin brother．
答案：1．did they return　2．now and then　3．Asked about　4．set about　5．distinguish between；and
Ⅲ．完成句子导学号 35690169
1．________ ________ ________ ________(好像有)500 people present at the academic conference．
2．I'll call on you________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (如果你方便的话)．
3．Only after you are a parent________ ________ ________(你才知道)how to honour your parents．
4．________ ________ ________ ________(我也不知道)that anyone else knows the secret．
5．But________ ________ ________(一旦提起来)，the snakes tried to bite us．
答案：1．There seem to be　2．if it is convenient for you
3．can/will you know　4．Nor am I aware　5．once picked up
Ⅳ．完形填空导学号 35690170
Check Engine Light
As I turned from the parking lot，heading for home，I noticed a yellow light on my dash had come on．The symbol indicated that I was to check the __1__．I quickly noted the water temperature and the oil light to see if there were__2__that would cause an overheated engine．Noting these two gauges (测量仪器) were okay，I reasoned I could__3__the little yellow light that caused such great__4__for at least the moment．
After I continued to drive，I found the check engine light__5__to indicate that there was a problem and that __6__was required．Malfunctions(失灵) often will be indicated by the__7__before any problem is apparent，which may__8__more serious damage to the vehicle．This system is__9__to assist you and your technician __10__correctly diagnosing any malfunction．
Reading the manual made me think of how we need someone in our lives to__11__our “check engine light”．We need to know when a problem__12__and when service is required in our lives．We need to correct our problems before__13__damage surfaces．We need a__14__to come on in our minds to help us __15__conflict，pain，or disaster．We need to be __16__that we shouldn't ignore good and work to make life better for all about us．
God makes a splendid “check engine light”．He gives you a conscience to keep your pathway__17__．He gives people who care about you，to help__18__your living．Lean on God to lead your pathway from the problem that could damage your__19__．He can repair malfunctions__20__they destroy your being．Thank you，Father，for being my “check engine light”．
文章大意：汽车仪表板上表示发动机的黄灯亮了是在提醒我们应该检查发动机了，同样，生活中的指示灯能让我们避免冲突、痛苦和灾难的出现，使我们生活的道路笔直、畅通。
1．A．speed　　　　　 B．engine
C．wheel D．brake
答案：B　 根据下文的cause an overheated engine和the check engine fight都可推知仪表板上的黄灯亮了表明作者应该去检修发动机了。
2．A．directions B．injuries
C．problems D．symptoms
答案：C　句意：我很快去检查水温和油的指示灯来看看是否有导致发动机过热的问题。同时下文indicate that there was a problem和We need to correct our problems都有提示。
3．A．repair B．decorate
C．catch D．ignore
答案：D　根据前面的Noting these two gauges(测量仪器)were okay和下一段中的I continued to drive可知作者不理睬这个小黄灯亮的问题，继续开车。
4．A．anxiety B．surprise
C．satisfaction D．disappointment
答案：A　根据当时情境可推知作者看到黄灯亮了时感到非常担心， 用anxiety“焦虑，担忧”最能表达当时作者的心境。
5．A．came on B．put on
C．went on D．turned on
答案：A　根据第一段中的I noticed a yellow light on my dash had come on可知答案，come on指“(灯)亮了”。
6．A．mend B．abandon
C．service D．consume
答案：C　根据下一段第二句中的when service is required in our lives可知答案。
7．A．rule B．system
C．sign D．mark
答案：B　根据9空所在的句子可知答案为system，指的是汽车的显示系统。
8．A．control B．support
C．cause D．prevent
答案：D　根据下文的assist you and your technician可知本空应该和assist“帮助”近义，所以答案为D项prevent，指的是“阻止更严重的危害发生”。
9．A．designed B．forced
C．discovered D．copied
答案：A　车上的系统当然是被设计(designed)的。
10．A．by B．in
C．upon D．to
答案：B　assist sb．in doing sth．帮助某人做某事。句意：这个系统的设计就是为了帮助你和你的机械工正确诊断故障问题的。
11．A．act B．dress
C．be D．change
答案：C　语境：在我们的生活中需要有人能成为我们的“引擎检修指示灯”。be表示“成为”，同时最后一段最后一句中的for being my“check engine light”给出了提示。
12．A．occurs B．breaks
C．sets D．slows
答案：A　句意：我们需要知道问题是什么时候发生的，并且我们在生活中需要什么样的服务。问题“发生”用occur。
13．A．serious B．common
C．normal D．usual
答案：A　句意：我们需要在严重危害出现之前去纠正我们的问题。同时上文8空所在的句子中的more serious damage to the vehicle也给出了提示。
14．A．stick B．switch
C．alarm D．light
答案：D　 根据第一段中的I noticed a yellow light on my dash had come on可知，本句暗含在我们的头脑中需要有一盏指示灯。
15．A．argue B．avoid
C．remove D．fight
答案：B　头脑中的指示灯能帮助我们避免(avoid)冲突、痛苦或灾难。
16．A．suspected B．treated
C．scolded D．reminded
答案：D　语境：我们需要被这个指示灯提醒来为更好的生活而努力工作。故选D项。
17．A．sharp B．straight
C．wide D．round
答案：B　句意：上帝制作了一盏壮丽的“引擎指示灯”，他给你良知，使你生活的道路是笔直的。故选B项。
18．A．build B．foresee
C．guide D．earn
答案：C　生活中的指示灯当然是引导你的生活的，earn one's living“谋生”不符合题意。
19．A．living B．study
C．career D．dream
答案：A　根据上一段最后一句话中的work to make life better for all about us可知本句是文章的主旨，指的是生活中的指示灯。
20．A．once B．while
C．before D．unless
答案：C　此处指的是指示灯会在故障毁坏你之前提醒你及时纠正问题。
Ⅴ．阅读理解导学号 35690171
You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill Drayton，has fought poverty (贫困) and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses．To support these worthy causes，Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising “changemakers”seeking to solve (解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker．
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change．The important thing is to simply give yourself permission．If you see a problem that you care about，you can help solve it．The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy，healthy，contributing adult．In fact，it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions．An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city，helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there．
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets，attracting rats and diseases，they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste．So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆肥)this waste．They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years．At first，they were refused，but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made，the project took off．In 2009 sales were $ 14,000．
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious，practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development．
文章大意：本文为说明文。文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的名叫“阿育王”的扶贫济困机构。
1．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage？
A．Changemakers B．Businessmen
C．Social Conditions D．Rubbish Problem
答案：A　标题判断题。本文主要介绍的是Ashoka这个扶贫济困机构，该机构旨在让每一个公民都成为changemaker。第一段两次出现changemaker，第二段首句“Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change”为主题句，an agent for change与changemaker同义，最后一段回归到结果：bringing about social change by changing the way。显然贯穿文章始终的是changemakers。故选A。
2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “________”．
A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and Iftekhar
C．Drayton and his team D．the poor people in Dhaka
答案：D　代词指代题。第三段讲的是在1995年Masqsood and Iftekhar负责教城里的穷人们把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场，但起初遭到拒绝，当他们说服这些城里人这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目才得以实施。故画线的them指代the poor people in the city。故选D。
3．It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he ________．
A．considers Drayton's concept
B．gets permission from Ashoka
C．tries to improve social conditions
D．is a young，happy and healthy adult
答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“If you see a problem that you care about，you can help solve it”以及第五句”In fact，it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions”综合可知选C。
4．The author's attitude towards Ashoka's program can be described as ________．
A．changing B．forgiving
C．cautious D．positive
答案：D　作者态度题。文章对Ashoka's program自始至终充满着赞赏之词，显然作者对此是持积极态度的。故选D。
Ⅵ．七选五导学号 35690172
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Any car accident is frightening，but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water，with you trapped inside，is absolutely terrifying． __1__ However，most deaths result from panic，without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water．By adopting a brace(支撑)position，acting decisively and getting out fast，you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle．
Brace yourself for impact (撞击力)．As soon as you're aware that you're going off the road and into a body of water，adopt a brace position．The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle，so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the “ten and two” position．
Undo your seatbelt． __2__ Unbuckle the children，starting with the oldest first．Forget the cell phone call．Your car isn't going to wait for you to make the call．
__3__ Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window．A car's electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water，so try the method of opening it electronically first．Many people don't think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking．
Break the window．If you aren't able to open the window，or it only opens halfway，you'll need to break it with an object or your foot．It may feel counter-intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car． __4__
Escape when the car has equalized．If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced，you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival． __5__ While there is still air in the car，take slow，deep breaths and focus on what you're doing．
A．Open the window as soon as you hit the water．
B．Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think．
C．It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually．
D．Such accidents are particularly dangerous to the risk of drowning．
E．In conclusion，if you know what to do in the water，you will be safe．
F．This is the first thing to attend to，yet it often gets forgotten in the panic．
G．But the sooner the window is open，the sooner you can escape directly through it．
1．__________　2．__________　3．__________
4．__________　5．__________
答案：
1．D　由前面的句子Any car accident is frightening，but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water，with you trapped inside，is absolutely terrifying．可以得出答案。
2．F　由前面的句子，说安全带，可以得出答案。
3．A　由后面的句子Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window．可以得出答案。
4．G　由前面的句子It may feel counter-intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car．可以得出答案。
5．C　由后面的句子While there is still air in the car，take slow，deep breaths and focus on what you're doing．可以得出答案。
课件110张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修8Inventors and inventionsUnit 3Section Ⅰ　Warming up; Pre-reading, Reading & ComprehendingUnit 3Ⅰ．词汇过关
1．音意记忆
(1)___________(n．)专利证书；专利权
(2)___________(n．)产品
(3)___________(vi．& vt．)显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
(4)___________(n．)粉末；火药
(5)___________(vt．)抓住；捉住；夺
(6)___________(n．)文件；档案；文件夹
(vt．)提交；将……归档
(7)___________(adj．)熟的；成熟的patent
product
distinguish
powder
seize
file
ripe
2．形意记忆
(1)mercy (n．)仁慈；宽恕
→___________(adj．)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
→___________(adv．)仁慈地；宽厚地
(2)cube(n．)立方体；立方
→___________(adj．)立方的
(3)abrupt(adj．)突然的；意外的
→___________(adv．)突然地；唐突地merciful
mercifully
cubic
abruptly
(4)convenient(adj．)便利的；方便的；就近的
→___________(n．)便利；方便
→___________(adv．)方便地
(5)cautious(adj．)谨慎的；小心的
→___________(n．)小心；谨慎
(6)expect(v．)期望；预期
→_____________(n．)预料；期待；期望
(7)merry(adj．)愉快的；高兴的
→___________(adv．)高兴地；愉快地convenience
conveniently
caution
expectation
merrily
Ⅱ．短语自查
1．给……打电话 ______________
2．偶尔；有时 ______________
3．开始；着手 ______________
4．把……和……区别开 ______________
5．apply for a patent ______________
6．in the countryside ______________
7．get rid of ______________
8．decide on ______________call up
now and then
set about
distinguish...from...
申请专利
在农村/乡下
除掉；摆脱
决定Ⅲ．经典句式
1．Only after you have had that recognition ______ ________ ________ that you are truly an inventor．
只有得到那种认可，你才可以说自己是一个真正的发明家。
2．______ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________ until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's．
你的产品要经过仔细审查，证明它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。
答案：1．can you say　2．Nor will you receive a patent
Ⅳ．语篇理解
Choose the best answers according to the text THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES．
1．What's the problem that the writer came across？
A．Snakes came near her house now and then．
B．Snakes seemed to have made their home near her house．
C．How to catch the snakes without harming them．
D．Her mother felt upset．
2．Why did the writer not use powders to solve the problem？
A．Because it was an old thought pattern to use powders．
B．Because that would harm or even kill the snakes．
C．Because that would damage something else near the house．
D．Because she wanted to invent something new．
3．The following are the three possible approaches that the writer thought of to catch the snakes EXCEPT ________．
A．removing their habitat
B．attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food
C．using the natural enemies of snakes
D．cooling the snakes
4．Why did cooling the snakes make them less active？
A．Because they are small reptiles．
B．Because they are cold-blooded and become sleepy when it is cold．
C．Because their body temperature changes with the heat around them．
D．Both B and C．
答案：1－4．CBCD1．discovery n．发现
The country became rich after the discovery of oil．
在发现石油之后，这个国家变得很富有。
知识拓展
make an important discovery有重大发现
discover v．发现
discover sb．doing sth．发现某人正在做某事
discoverer n．发现者
The researchers have made a number of important discoveries．
研究人员已做出许多重大发现。
John was frightened when he was discovered smoking in his dormitory．
当约翰被发现在宿舍里抽烟的时候，他非常害怕。比较网站
discover和invent
He discovered a hole in the wall．
他在墙上发现了一个洞。
Edison invented many useful inventions．
爱迪生发明了许多有用的发明。
活学活用
(1)完成句子
①I'm sure if you are careful，you'll ________ ______ ________ ________ (有重大发现)．
②______ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (在发现他那迷路的孩子时)，he jumped with joy．
答案：①make an important discovery　②On the discovery of his lost child导学号 35690147
(2)用discover和invent的正确形式完成下列句子
①Columbus ________ America，and he will always be remembered as the ________ for his ________．
②The first telephone was ________ by Alexander Graham in 1876．As the ________ of it，he was famous for his ________．
答案：①discovered；discoverer；discovery　②invented；inventor；invention
2．distinguish vi．& vt．显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
①The man distinguished himself by his wisdom．
这个人因智慧而扬名。
②Can you distinguish between those two objects？
你能区分那两个物体吗？
③Speeches distinguish man from animals．
语言使人类区别于动物。
知识拓展
(1)distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征
be distinguished for...因……而出名
distinguish oneself (as...)(作为……)表现突出
(2)distinguished adj．卓越的；著名的；杰出的
distinguishable adj．易分辨的；能区分的
(3)distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用；tell也可表示“辨认，辨别”，常与can或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
活学活用
(1)完成句子
①你应学会明辨是非。
You should learn to ________ right ________ wrong．
②这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。
The twins are so alike that no one ______ one ______ the other．
答案：(1)①distinguish between；and　②can distinguish；from
导学号 35690148
(2)用适当介词填空
Hangzhou is distinguished________its beautiful scenery．
答案：for　句意：杭州因其美景而著称。for表示原因。3．merciful adj．宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners．
他们要求她对犯人慈悲为怀。
知识拓展
(1)mercifully adv．仁慈地；宽厚地；幸运地
(2)mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
ask/beg/plead for mercy 请求/乞求/祈求宽恕
show no mercy to 对……丝毫不讲仁慈/毫不怜悯……
have mercy on 怜悯……
at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布
without mercy 无情地
He is a kind boss，who treats the workers mercifully．
他是一位好心的老板，对待工人很仁慈。
We showed no mercy to the traitor．
我们毫不怜悯那个叛徒。
They were lost at the sea，at the mercy of the wind and weather．
他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。
活学活用
选词填空mercy/merciful/mercifully
(1)The ________ king saved the young officers from death．
(2)Mr Smith has ________ on the poor boy and always helps him．
(3)Deaths from the disease are ________ rare．
答案：(1)merciful　(2)mercy　(3)mercifully
导学号 356901494．product n．产品；产物；产量
They came here in search of new markets for their products．
他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。
知识拓展
produce vt．生产；制造　n．(集合用法)农产品
producer n．生产者
production n．生产；产量；总产量
productive adj．多产的；富有成效的
The factory produces 1,000 cars a week．
这家工厂每星期生产一千辆轿车。
fresh produce新鲜的农产品
比较网站
product，production和produce
活学活用
用produce的恰当形式填空
(1)他们可以帮你比较两个不同的产品。
They can help you to compare two different ________．
(2)这些树生产橡胶。
These trees ________ rubber．
(3)他是好几个电视节目的制作人。
He is the ________ of several TV shows．
导学号 35690150
(4)如果我们不能卖出更多的货物，就必须降低产量。
If we can't sell more goods，we'll have to cut back on the ________．
(5)这本论述教育的书是他的最新作品。
This book on educations is his latest ________．
(6)这个会议成效不太大。
It wasn't a very ________ meeting．
答案：(1)products　(2)produce　(3)producer　(4)production
(5)production　(6)productive
5．convenient adj．便利的；方便的；就近的
①It is not convenient for me to ring him up．
我现在不便于给他打电话。
②Please come at six if it's convenient for you．
你方便的话，请在六点钟来。
③The digital camera is simple and convenient to use．
这台数码相机使用起来简单方便。
知识拓展
(1)be convenient for对……是方便的
It is convenient for sb．to do sth．某人方便做某事
(2)convenience[U]方便；便利　[C]便利的设施
for convenience为了方便起见
at one's convenience在……方便的时候
(3)conveniently adv．方便地
It is convenient for me to get to the railway station．
我到火车站很便利。
注意：convenient通常不以人作主语，常用结构为“sth．be convenient for sb．”及“It's convenient (for sb．) to do sth．”。
活学活用
(1)完成句子
①________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (如果你方便的话)，I'll go to see you at 6 pm．
②Come to my office________ ________ ________(你方便时)．
答案：①If it is convenient to you　②at your convenience
导学号 35690151
(2)选词填空(convenient/convenience)
(山东高考)Would it be ________ for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport？
答案：convenient　句意：你是否方便在4点钟来接我，然后送我去机场？convenient“便利的；方便的”，常用结构为it is/was convenient for sb．to do sth．“某人方便做某事”，符合题意。convenience n．“方便；便利”。
6．expectation n．[C，U]预料；期待；期望
①It's our expectation that you will do well．
我们期待你干得出色。
②She looked at me with expectation．
她满怀期待地看着我。
知识拓展
(1)against all expectation(s) 出乎预料
contrary to expectation(s) 出乎预料
come/live up to one's expectations 不负所望
beyond expectation 料想不到
in expectation of 期待，指望，预料
(2)expect vt．期望；盼望　后可跟名词或代词、不定式、复合宾语、从句等
常用搭配：expect sth．/(sb．) to do sth．/that...期望；盼望……
Against all expectations，Mike finished high school with top grades．
出乎所有人的预料，迈克中学毕业时成绩优异。
He succeeded beyond our expectations．
我们没有料想到，他成功了。
I expect him to come．
我盼望他来。
活学活用
(1)完成句子
①Like some of my classmates，I cannot________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(达到我老师的预期)．
②I came across my university professor in the supermarket near my house，which was________ ________ ________(出乎我的预料)
答案：①live up to my teacher's expectations　②beyond my expectations
导学号 35690152
(2)用恰当形式填空
—How many students，do you think，will be present at the meeting？
—I expect there________ (be)20 students at the meeting．
答案：to be　考查expect to do sth．的用法。句意：“你认为将有多少学生出席会议？”“我预料将会有20个学生。”因为expect后要求用不定式作宾语，不能用现在分词，又因为there be表示“有”，可以用于不定式结构形式there to be，故答案为to be。
7．seize vt．抓住；捉住；夺；攻占
①I decided to seize the opportunity to make success．
我决定抓住这个机会来获得成功。
②I can't quite seize your meaning．
我不太理解你的意思。
③The enemy seized the town after a violent attack．
敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。知识拓展
be seized with an illness 害病
seize sb．by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize...by surprise 突袭……
seize on/upon 抓住，利用(借口等)
He seized Mary by the arm when she wanted to leave．
当玛丽想离开时他一把抓住了她的胳膊。
Tom seized on the excuse to get out of the practice．
汤姆利用这个借口逃避了练习。
比较网站
seize/snatch/catch/grasp/grab
①Suddenly his father seized him by the wrist and rushed out．
突然他父亲抓住他的手腕冲出去了。
②The thieves will snatch your last bob if you give them half a chance．
一有机会，小偷便会抢走你的最后一个铜板。
③Yesterday he caught a bird．
昨天他抓住一只鸟。
④He grasped the idea and did his work smoothly．
他抓住了要领，做起工作来很顺手。
⑤He grabbed the money and left．
他抓了钱就走了。
活学活用
完成句子
(1)His father asked him________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(抓住每次机会多赚一些钱)．
(2)The little boy________ ________ ________ ________ ________(抓住我的胳膊)and asked me for help．
答案：(1)to seize every chance/opportunity to make/earn more money　(2)seized me by the arm导学号 356901531．call up给……打电话；使……回忆起；召集，召集……入伍
①I'll call you up this evening if possible．
可能的话今晚我给你打电话。
名师点津
call up当表示“打电话”时，call up＝ring up＝ring＝call
②She can still call up scenes of childhood．
她仍能想起儿时的情景。
③I was called up three months after the war broke out．
战争爆发3个月后，我被征召入伍。
知识拓展
call back回电话
call for需要；要求；接(人或物)
call in召来，叫来
call on sb．激起；要求
call on sb．to do sth．号召某人做某事
call off取消
I will call for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate．
我8点钟在学校门口来接你。
活学活用
用call的相关短语填空
(1)I________ ________ ________(给他打电话) many times today，but I couldn't get through．
(2)Human Rights Groups are________ ________(要求)the social and economic reform．
(3)Last weekend he ________ ________ (拜访) the village where he was brought up．
(4)They have _____ ______(取消) their engagement (婚约)．
答案：(1)called him up　(2)calling for　(3)called at　(4)called off导学号 35690154
2．set about (doing sth．) 开始(做)；着手(干某事)
①A team of volunteers set about the work with determination．
一组志愿者决心着手做这项工作。
②She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office．
她一到办公室就开始写回信。
知识拓展
set out 出发；启程
set out to do sth．开始做某事
set off 出发；动身；开始(旅行、赛跑等)
set aside 留出；拨出；对……不予考虑；(为某目的)节省或保留(钱或时间)
set down 停下……；让……下车；记下；写下
set up 设置；创立；开办
set out for＝set off for＝leave for 出发到某地去
set back 阻碍某事物发展；把(钟表指针)往回拨
set sth．off 使(炸弹、地雷等)爆炸
set sth．up 摆放或竖起某物；创(体育)记录
注意：set about中about为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch．
最轻微的碰撞都可能引爆这颗炸弹。
Let's set aside my personal feelings for now．
目前咱们就不要顾及我的个人感情了。
He set out to break the record for the channel swim．
他决心打破游过海峡的记录。
活学活用
(1)用适当的介副词填空
①We try to set ________ a bit of money every week．
②The company has set ________ a new branch in London．
③Gathering up the thread of his story，he set ________ writing．
④He has achieved what he set ________ to do three years ago．
答案：①aside　②up　③about　④out
导学号 35690155
(2)用恰当的set短语填空
(真题改编·安徽)Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ________ on their life journey．
答案：set off　本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：传统上，大学生在开始他们的人生旅程前举办一个毕业典礼来激励他们自己。set off“出发，开始”，符合句意。
3．in case以防万一；假使
①In case you need something，please don't hesitate to let me know．
如果你需要什么东西，请不要犹豫地对我说。
②It may rain； you'd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does)．
可能下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。
③I'll cook plenty of potatoes just in case they decide to stay for dinner．
我打算多煮些马铃薯，以防他们决定留下来吃饭。
知识拓展
①in case of 假如；如果发生(后接名词或代词)
②in this case 如果这样的话
③in that case 如果那样的话
④in any case 无论如何
⑤in no case 决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序)
注意：①in case表示“万一”，可单独使用，也可引导从句(有时用虚拟语气)。
②in case后跟表示将来的从句，用一般现在时表将来，但可用should，might等情态动词。
There are spare batteries there，in case you need them．
那里面有备用电池，万一你需要时能用上。
③in no case “决不”，置于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。
In no case will I turn against my motherland．
我决不会背叛我的祖国。
活学活用
用恰当连词填空
(1)(真题改编·四川)I'll be out for some time．________(万一)anything important happens，call me up immediately．
答案：In case　本题考查连词。句意：——我要出去一段时间。万一任何重要的事情发生，立刻给我打电话。in case万一，引导条件状语从句。由语境可知，此处表示“万一”，要用in case引导条件状语从句。
(2)Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow ________ I forget．
答案：in case导学号 356901561．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes．
我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品可能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。
(1)本句为but连接的两个并列分句，其结构如下：(2)there seem to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。与there可以连用的谓语动词还有：be going to，appear to，used to，be likely to，happen to等。
①There seem to be fewer tourists around this year．
今年来访的旅游者似乎少了。
②There are going to be two English parties next week．
下周有两场英语晚会。
③There used to be a bridge across the river．
过去河上有座桥。
④There happened to be some money in my pocket．
我的口袋里碰巧有一些钱。
知识拓展
there be句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词，如live，stand，lie，remain等。
There stands a man-made hill near the lake．
在湖边有一座假山。
There remained in the village only women and children．
村子里只剩下妇女和儿童。
活学活用
补全句子
(1)________ ________ ________ ________ an apple tree in front of the house．
过去房子前面有棵苹果树。
(2)________ ________ ________ ________ a policeman on the corner，so I asked him the way．
恰好拐角处有一位警察，我就向他问路了。
导学号 35690157
(3)________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in the small house．
在这个小房子里住着一位老人。
答案：(1)There used to be　(2)There happened to be　(3)There lived an old man
2．Prepared with some research findings，I decided on three possible approaches．
经过一番研究以后，我决定采用三种可能的方法。
prepared with some research findings为过去分词短语作状语，相当于谓语动词为被动的状语从句，该动作和主句的主语之间存在着逻辑动宾关系。过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。
Although built thirty years ago，the house looks very beautiful．
尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的，它看起来依然很漂亮。
Given more time，he can do it better．
如果给予他更多的时间，他能把它做得更好。
知识拓展
①过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when，while或after等引导的状语从句。
②作条件状语，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的状语从句。
③作原因状语，可转换为as，since或because等引导的状语从句。
④作让步状语，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的状语从句。
⑤作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。
⑥作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful．
→When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful．
从山顶上看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder．
→As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder．
由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
He began to cry as if bitten by a snake．
→He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake．
他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。
活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)________ (open)in 1955，Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park．
答案：Opened　考查非谓语动词。句意：很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。open“开业”，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系，故填opened。
导学号 35690158
(2)________(see)from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees．
答案：Seen　考查非谓语动词。句意：从塔顶上看过去，这座山南面的山脚下是一片林海。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，非谓语动词要用现在分词形式；和逻辑主语之间是被动关系，非谓语动词要用过去分词形式。句子的主语是the south foot of the mountain，和see之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。
3．Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly，which freezes when cooled．
在碗的内壁和外壁都抹上果冻，这些果冻冷却后会冻结。
when cooled的构成为：连词＋过去分词，相当于when引导的状语从句：when it is cooled。这属于状语从句的省略现象，省略了从句的主语it和系动词is。
注意：如果连词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且包含be动词，则可以省略从句的主语或it和be动词，形成“连词＋分词/形容词”结构，原从句为主动结构时，分词为现在分词；原从句为被动结构时，分词为过去分词。
①When walking in the street，I met my teacher．(＝When I was walking in the street...)
当我正在街上走的时候，我遇见了我的老师。
②The ball will hit others if thrown out of window(＝...if it is thrown out of window)．
这球会打到其他人如果它被扔到窗外的话。
③If necessary，I'll give you the answer．
(＝If it is necessary，I'll give you the answer．)
如果有必要，我会把答案给你们。
活学活用
用词语的恰当形式填空
(1)(2015真题改编·北京)If ________(accept)for the job，you'll be informed soon．
答案：accepted　句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。导学号 35690159
(2)(真题改编·湖南)Children，when________(accompany)by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium．
答案：accompanied　考查非谓语动词。由when可知所填词作题干的时间状语，逻辑主语是题干的主语children，所填词与逻辑主语是被动关系，故填accompanied。
4．The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot．
第二天早上，天还不太热，我就早早地起床了。
before作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：
①在……之前。
We lived in Paris before moving to London．
我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。
②……(之后)才……
It was a long time before I got to sleep again．
很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。
③(不多久)就……
It wasn't long before she came back．
不久她就回来了。
④以免……
Lock your bike before it gets stolen．
锁好你的自行车，以免被偷。
⑤还没来得及……就……
Before John stopped her，she ran out．
约翰还没来得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。
活学活用
用恰当词语填空
(1)(2015真题改编·四川)There is only one more day to go________your favorite music group play live．
答案：before　考查连词。此题前一分句意为：还有一天；后一分句意为：你最喜欢的乐队现场表演。根据句意填before。句意：还有一天你最喜欢的乐队将会现场演奏。
导学号 35690160
(2)(真题改编·安徽)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”．
答案：before　考查连词。句意：单词“好的”变化了几次之后最后包括了“令人愉快的”这个感觉。before在此处引导时间状语从句，意为：在……之后。5．For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the ice-cubes again but placed them over the snakes's habitat in the evening，as the temperature was starting to cool．
第二次试验时，我把碗和冰块再次冻好，但在傍晚气温开始下降的时候把它们放在蛇穴的上方。
本句中but连接两个并列的动作freeze和place；as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。as在英语中起的作用很多，它可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、定语从句等。当引导让步状语从句时意为“虽然，尽管”，须用倒装语序。
As he grew older，he became less patient．
他年龄越大变得越没有耐心。
As everybody is here，let's begin．
既然大家都到了，咱们开始吧。
Young as I am (＝Although I'm young)，I know a lot．
尽管我年龄小，我知道很多东西。
比较网站
when，while与as
When the earthquake broke out，all the students were sleeping soundly．
当地震发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。
The telephone rang while I was taking a bath．
我在洗澡时电话响了。
They talked as they walked along the river．
他们沿着河边走边谈。
活学活用
完成句子
(1)当她感觉到滴到她双手上的血液时，一阵恐惧突然遍布了她全身。
A sudden chill of horror swept over her ______ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________ upon her hands．
(2)事情就如你喜欢的那样。
It is just ________ ________ ________．
导学号 35690161
(3)约翰一边工作一边唱歌。
John sings ________ ________ ________．
(4)虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为太贵了。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________，I won't buy，for it's too expensive．
答案：(1)as/when she felt the blood drip　(2)as you like
(3)as he works　(4)Much as I like it
6．Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved？
你知道发明者在他们的发明得到认可之前要经历哪些阶段吗？
have their invention approved构成“have＋宾语＋过去分词(即have＋复合宾语)”结构。其详细用法为：
(1)表示动作的被动(动作已经完成)
We had the machine repaired．
我们请人把机器修好了。
(2)表示动作的被动(动作还未发生；此时，不能采用to be done形式)
He was talking about having central heating put in．Did he have it put in in the end？
他那会儿总说要找人装暖气。到底装上了没有？
(3)表示动作的被动(动作正在发生)
I can't ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment．
这一周我不能请你来吃饭了，因为现在我正让人刷房子呢。
(4)表示意外或不幸遭遇(动作已经完成)
He had his fruit stolen before he had a chance to pick it．
他树上的果子还没来得及摘就被人偷掉了。
知识拓展
(1)have＋宾语＋现在分词
①让……一直处于某状态
He had us laughing all through the meal．
在吃饭期间，他让我们笑个不停。
②表示预期的目标
Will you really have her driving in three days？
你真的能在三天之内就教会她开车吗？
③表示不愿引起的后果
If you give all-night parties，you'll have the neighbours complaining．
你如果举办通宵晚会，会搞得邻居们都抱怨你的。
④与won't/can't连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”
I won't have him sitting down to dinner in his overalls．I make him change them．
我不允许他穿着工作服就坐下吃饭。我要他换衣服。
(2)have＋宾语＋(不带to)不定式
①The teachers have us leave to do the homework．
老师让我们留下来做作业。
②I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park．
我要他在公园门口等我。
活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)The director had her assistant________(pick up)some hot dogs for the meeting．
答案：pick up　句意：主管让她的助手为会议买一些热狗。本题考查have sb．do sth．句式(即：使役动词have后接(不带to的)不定式担任宾语补足语。动作pick up与her assistant之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”关系，此外，动作还未发生，采用不带to的不定式担任宾语补足语。
导学号 35690162
(2)If we have illegal immigrants________(come)in，many local workers will lose their jobs．
答案：coming　句意：如果我们允许非法移民进入，很多的本地工人将会失业。本题考查使役动词have后接现在分词担任宾语补足语的用法。
7．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor．
只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。
“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。其结构为：
①only＋介词短语(in this way/under one's help等)＋助动词/情态动词＋主语。
Only in this way can you solve the problem，I think．
我想，只有这样你才能解决问题。
Only in this way can you make improvement in the operating system．
只有用这种方法你才能改进操作系统。
②only＋连词(when/before/while/once/after等)引导的状语从句＋助动词/情态动词＋主语。
Only when he finishes the work can he go home．
只有在做完工作之后，他才能回家。
③only＋副词(then/now/here/there等)＋助动词/情态动词＋主语。
Only recently have I allowed myself to think of that again．
只有到了最近我才再次考虑这件事。
注意：有时only虽置于句首，但如果修饰主语，句子则不需倒装。
Only one thing can make him change his mind．
只有一件事才能使他改变主意。
活学活用
(1)用恰当形式填空
(2015真题改编·天津)Only when Lily walked into the office ________(realize) that she had left the contract at home．
答案：did she realize　句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知应填did she realize。
导学号 35690163
(2)单句改错
Only then I understood what she meant．
→______________________________________________
答案：Only then did I understand what she meant．
(3)完成句子
Only when he returned home ______ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________．
当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。
答案：did he realize what had happenedⅠ．用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Custom ________ one nation from another．(distinguish)
2．The result of the survey must be treated with ________．(cautious)
3．The difficulty of the thing was beyond my __________．(expect)
4．The king showed no ________ and killed all the prisoners．(merciful)
5．We must arrange a ________ time and place for the meeting．(convenience)导学号 356901646．We did not know what had come over him to make him change his mind so ________．(abrupt)
7．They sang and danced merrily and had a ________ Christmas．(merry)
8．What ______ do you use to judge a good wine？(criterion)
9．He wears a ________ white shirt today．(stain)
10．These sentences can be changed into ________ voice．(passively)
答案：1．distinguishes　2．caution　3．expectation　4．mercy　5．convenient　6．abruptly　7．merry　8．criteria　9．stainless　10．passiveⅡ．用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
call up； now and then； distinguish... from ...； set about； with caution
1．Oh，my dear ！ Could you________ right________ wrong？
2．Dad always drives________，so he is recognized as one of the best drivers．
3．The picture________him________the time when he was brought up in the village．导学号 35690165
4．One afternoon she________riding without an umbrella and was caught in a storm at last．
5．Yes，of course．I do________if it's convenient．
答案：1．distinguish； from　2．with caution　3．called；up　4．set about　5．now and thenⅢ．课文概述
阅读课文，完成下列表格。(每空一词)导学号 35690166答案：1．merciful　2．stainless　3．freezes　4．habitat　5．keep　6．cover　7．carry　8．collect　9．release　10．recognitionUnit 3　Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ．用本单元所学单词填空导学号 35690179
1．The________(严寒的)weather chilled me to the bone．
2．The________(蔬菜水果商)tried to sell my wife some overripe fruit．
3．I used my driver's license as i________．
4．I can find his telephone number in the telephone d________．
5．Put in the money before d________．
6．The crops were drowned by the heavy r________．
7．They have imprisoned an________(清白的，无辜的)man．
8．The 15th of the first month in the lunar calendar in the L________Festival．
9．She________(忍受)pain with great courage．
10．I can not bear the traffic j________．
答案：1．freezing　2．greengrocer　3．identification　4．directory　5．dialing　6．rainfall　7．innocent　8．Lantern　9．bears
10．jam
Ⅱ．完成句子导学号 35690180
1．由我带大的她的女儿现在已经开始工作了。
Her daughter ________ ________ ________ ________ has begun to work now．
2．那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了。
The ________ ________ soon calmed down．
3．他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ at the meeting．
4．屋外景色迷人，白雪覆盖着大地。
The outside sight looks beautiful ________ ________ ________ ________ ________．
5．他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。
They are going to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ white．
6．汤姆听起来对这份工作非常感兴趣，但是我不确定是否他能做好。
Tom ________ ________ ________ ________ the job，but I'm not sure whether he can manage it．
答案：1．brought up by me　2．inspired soldier　3．won't like such questions discussed　4．with everything covered with snow
5．have the entrance hall painted　6．sounds very interested in
Ⅲ．用恰当词语或形式填空导学号 35690181
1．—How long have you been studying in this senior high school？
—Less than two years and a half．
—So it will be half a year________you graduate from this school．
答案：before　考查before的用法。句意：——你在这所高中学习有多长时间了？——不到两年半。——那么半年后你才高中毕业。It＋be＋时间段＋before句型表示“……之后才……”。根据句意和此句型，填before。
2．The President has to ________ the blame．
答案：bear　考查动词词义。句意：总统难辞其咎。bear the blame“受责备”。
3．He still had not the courage to ________ (靠近)her．
答案：approach
4．I ________ with(产生共鸣) the heroine of the novel．
答案：identified　考查动词在具体语境中的使用。句意：我与小说中的那个女主人公感同身受。identify with sb．“与……产生共鸣”。
5．What do you think of the party ________ (hold)last week？
答案：held　考查非谓语作定语的用法。句意：你认为上周举行的晚会怎么样？分析句子成分可知，横线处作定语，又因为the party与hold之间为被动关系，且表完成，所以填held。
6．Generally speaking，prices of daily goods ________ (buy)through the Internet are lower than store prices．
答案：bought　考查非谓语动词。句意：总的来说，从网上购买的日常用品的价格要低于从商店购买的价格。buy和其逻辑主语goods是动宾关系，所以应该用过去分词表被动。
7．Children ________ (expose)to difficult situations are better at handling those ________ (challenge)tasks．
答案：exposed； challenging　考查分词作定语的用法。expose．．．to意思是：让……接触……。children与expose之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语，表被动；第二空后的tasks是表示物的名词，所以用challenging，意思为“富有挑战的”。
8．Most companies' marketing effort is focused on getting customers，with little attention ________ (pay)to keeping them．
答案：paid　考查非谓语动词。句意：大部分公司的营销工作以赢得顾客为中心，而很少注意留住他们。本句的后半句是介词with的复合结构，attention和pay之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。
9．They will have you ________ (arrest)if you don't pay taxes，because it is everyone's duty to pay taxes．
答案：arrested　考查非谓语动词的用法。have sb．done中，过去分词表被动，表示“某人被……”。这里是被捕，所以填arrested。
10．I noticed my little son ________ (read)the words ________ (write)on his small blackboard．
答案：read； written　考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我注意到我的小儿子在读写小黑板上的单词。notice sb．do sth．“看见某人做某事”；words和write之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词作定语，修饰words。
Ⅳ．阅读理解
A
导学号 35690182
Ontario children are supposed to get 20 minutes of exercise at school every day to boost their heart rates and improve fitness．But a new study suggests schools are falling short of the requirement，despite rising health concerns over kids who are fatter and more inactive than ever before．
University of Toronto researchers tracked almost 900 students in 16 Toronto elementary schools and found that fewer than half were getting the daily physical activity (DPA) each day．No one of the students，ages 10 through 12，got a full 20 minutes of sustained exercise．“The results show that the majority of schools are not meeting the required frequency (five days) or intensity (at least 20 minutes) of the DPA policy，” the researchers concluded．
The research suggests the practice can make a difference．Kids who did get the required daily exercise were more active than their peers．Those who had at least one bout (场) of vigorous activity were also more likely to meet the exercise guidelines for kids and were less likely to be overweight．
The findings likely won't come as a surprise to many educators．Last month the annual survey by the research reported that many schools described the daily exercise as “a low priority” in an already packed school day．School principals surveyed said they struggled to deliver it because of insufficient equipment， space， teacher training and commitment．
Toronto teacher Karyn Awrey makes it a priority because she says the trade-offs are worth it for her Grade 3 students at Swansea Public School．They are better able to focus and learn when they get regular exercise．
Awrey says she's lucky because kids at her school get exercise twice a week from a gym teacher and swimming once a week in the nearby community center．On the other days，she gets them huffing_and_puffing outside，in the classroom or in the gym at fitness stations．
文章大意：一项调查的结果显示，大多数在校学生每周锻炼的时间不足五天，每天连续锻炼的时间不到二十分钟，这对学生的健康十分不利。专家认为，适当的锻炼是必要的。
1．According to the DPA policy，the students________．
A．may have many health problems
B．should get enough daily exercise
C．have to go to school every day
D．must exercise less than 20 minutes
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可以推知，DPA的政策要求学生每天应该进行足够的锻炼。
2．The students at Swansea Public School________．
A．have benefited a lot from regular exercise
B．are forced to do more exercise every day
C．needn't work hard at their lessons at all
D．have the right to do whatever they like
答案：A　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句可以推知，这所学校的学生经常进行身体锻炼后受益良多。
3．What does the underlined phrase “huffing and puffing” in the last paragraph probably mean？
A．Learning from each other．
B．Joining in all kinds of activities．
C．Shouting and laughing a lot．
D．Performing a task in cooperation．
答案：B　词义猜测题。根据最后一段首句可知，Awrey的学生会参加一些锻炼身体的活动，故画线短语的意思应该是“参加活动”。
B
导学号 35690183
How fit are your teeth？ Are you lazy about brushing them？ Never fear： An inventor is on the case．An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush，and it lets you track your performance on your phone．
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in LasVegas this week．It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection．
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don't forget the insides of the teeth！)and make sure you're brushing long enough．“It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis，” says Thomas Serval，the French inventor．
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone，so developers could，for instance，create a game controlled by your toothbrush．You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth．“We try to make it smart but also fun，”Serval says．
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father．He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth．They said “yes，” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry．He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed．
The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer，for $ 99 to $ 199，depending on features．The U．S．is the first target market．
Serval says that one day，it'll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera．The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush．
文章大意：本文主要讲述了一种新式牙刷及其多种功能。
4．Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush？
A．It can sense how users brush their teeth．
B．It can track users' school performance．
C．It can detect users' fear of seeing a dentist．
D．It can help users find their phones．
答案：A　细节理解题。由第一段的第四句话可知，牙刷检测刷牙的时间和好坏。故选A项。
5．What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3？
A．You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist．
B．You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis．
C．You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist．
D．You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day．
答案：C　推理判断题。根据第三段的It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to -day basis可知答案。
6．Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun？
A．It can be used to update mobile phones．
B．It can be used to play mobile phone games．
C．It can send messages to other users．
D．It can talk to its developers．
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段的create a game controlled by your toothbrush可知答案。
7．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about？
A．How Serval found out his kids lied to him．
B．Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary．
C．How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth．
D．What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush．
答案：D　段落大意题。根据第五段的第一句话he was inspired by．．．可知第五段主要讲述了他制作牙刷的灵感。
8．What can we infer about Serval's children？
A．They were unwilling to brush their teeth．
B．They often failed to clean their toothbrushes．
C．They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head．
D．They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home．
答案：A　推理判断题。根据第五段孩子的假装已刷牙，可知他们并不愿意刷牙。
9．What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree？
A．The brush handle will be removed．
B．A mobile phone will be built into it．
C．It will be used to fill holes in teeth．
D．It will be able to check users' teeth．
答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的The camera can examine holes in your teeth while you brush可知牙刷具有检查功能。
Ⅴ．七选五导学号 35690184
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you have a LED(发光二极管) in your pocket？ Chances are you might say no—not realizing that your cellphone has a screen lit by LEDs！
LEDs (or light-emitting diodes) are brightening up our televisions，computer screens，cellphones and nearly every electronic product we use today．__1__
Not just that．LEDs produce bright white light，use energy efficiently，last much longer and are environmentally friendly．__2__It is no wonder that the Nobel Committee has awarded the 2014 Physics Prize to three scientists who developed the blue LED—Professors Shuji Nakamura，Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano．
Electric bulbs have come a long way from the first incandescent bulb(白炽灯) developed by Thomas Edison in 1879．Then came the CFL bulb(紧凑型荧光灯)．The mercury molecules(水银分子) inside a CFL tube can be excited by passing electricity，and send light．CFL bulbs are more efficient than the incandescent ones．__3__For one，the bulbs are expensive，and the mercury inside them can be poisonous if the bulbs break．
In 1962，Nick Holonyak came up with the idea of the LED．__4__Some special materials (called semiconductors) can be made to emit light when electricity is sent through them．You may know that atoms consist of electrons moving around a nucleus(原子核)—just as the planets orbit around our Sun．__5__Electrons can also jump between orbits！
A．The science is simple．
B．But there is a difference．
C．How efficient are LED lights？
D．However，they did not become very popular．
E．They are efficient enough to run on solar power．
F．They are lighting up our homes and offices as well．
G．But all this would not have been possible without the invention of the blue-colored LED．
1．____________　2．____________　3．____________　4．____________　5．____________
文章大意：发光二极管的使用在我们的日常生活中极为普遍，难怪2014年诺贝尔物理学奖被授予三位发展了蓝光LED的科学家。
答案：
1．F　发光二极管照亮我们的电视屏、电脑屏、手机屏等几乎每一件电子产品，故F项(它们也照亮我们的家和办公室)符合上下文语境。
2．G　上文提到LED灯的性能以及优点，下文提到几个科学家因蓝光LED的研究而获奖，故此处选择G项(然而如果没有蓝光LED的发明，所有这些也将不会成为可能)，说明蓝光LED的重要性。
3．D　上文提到紧凑型荧光灯比白炽灯更高效，下文提到紧凑型荧光灯不受欢迎的原因，故选D项(然而它们不是很受人欢迎)承上启下。
4．A　此处与上文中的came up with the idea相呼应。A项紧承上文，提示下文要介绍上文所提出的该想法的原理。
5．B　上文提到电子轨道和行星轨道有相似之处，下文提到了不同点，故B项(然而二者有区别)承上启下。
Ⅵ．短文改错导学号 35690185
阅读短文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误仅限1词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished in a water hole about five metre outside a bar．Allen stopped curiously．All people passing over the man who was fishing regarded him like a foolish man．Therefore，Allen said kindly to fish-catcher，“Hello，will you please do me a favor and have a drink with me in the bar？” The man gladly received his invitation．After buying the man several cups of soft drinks，Allen asked，“You are fishing there，right？ May I know how much fish you have caught this morning？” “You are the number 8，” said the man humorous．
答案：
Before lunch Allen happened to see a man  in a water hole about five  outside a bar．Allen stopped curiously．All people passing  the man who was fishing regarded him  a foolish man．，Allen said kindly to  fish-catcher，“Hello，will you please do me a favor and have a drink with me in the bar？” The man gladly  his invitation．After buying the man several cups of soft drinks，Allen asked，“You  fishing there，right？ May I know how  fish you have caught this morning？” “You are the number 8，” said the man ．
课件64张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修8Inventors and inventionsUnit 3Section Ⅱ　Learning about LanguageUnit 3Ⅰ．词汇过关
1．____________ n．鉴定，辨认，确定
→___________ v．辨认，确定
2．__________ adj．清白的，无罪的
→___________ n．无辜
3．__________ v．忍受，容忍
→过去式：____________
→过去分词：____________identification　
identify　
innocent　
innocence
bear 　bore　
borne
Ⅱ．短语自查
1．____________________ 抓住机会
2．____________________ 开始着手干某事
3．____________________ 成功干了某事seize the opportunity　
set about　
succeed in doing sth．
Ⅲ．经典句式
However，she ________ that I ____________ a perfume from my new lily．
然而，她建议我应该从我的新百合花中生产香水。
答案：suggested；should produceⅣ．语法练习
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1．The Olympic Games，first ________ (play) in 776 BC，did not include women players until 1912．
2．The Browns have a comfortable house ________ (live in)．
3．He is said ________ (go)abroad half a year ago．
4．Stop shouting！ Haven't you seen your father ________ (work) now？
5．To keep warm，we had the fire ________ (burn) all through the night．
6．Have you read the novels ________ (write) by the famous Chinese writer？
7．Please remain ________ (seat) there．
8．The houses ________ (damage)during the flood are being repaired now．
9．Speak louder，or you can't make yourself ________ (hear)．
10．With all the problems ________ (settle) at last，he could have a good sleep．
答案：1．played　2．to live in　3．to have gone　4．working　5．burning　6．written　7．seated　8．damaged　9．heard　10．settled1．identification n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明
①Jewellery identification is a hard job．
珠宝鉴定不是一件容易的工作。
②He used a letter of introduction as identification．
他用一封介绍信作为身份的证明。
知识拓展
identification card 身份证
identify vt．认出；识别；表明；发现vi．一致，变成一致
identify with sb．与……产生共鸣
identify sb．/sth．as sb．/sth．认定，认为……等同于……
identical adj．同一的；一模一样的
I identified my lost bike．
我认出了我那辆丢了的自行车。
Never identify wealth with happiness．
千万不要把财富和幸福等同起来。
We have identical views on these problems．
在这些问题上我们有完全一致的看法。
活学活用
完成句子
(1)鉴定坠机意外伤亡者的工作费时且困难重重。
________ ________ of the crash victims was a long and difficult task．
(2)人们排成一行等待确认身份。
A line of people is formed for ________．
(3)我识别不出这是谁的签字。
I can't ________ this signature．
导学号 35690173
(4)她与外籍教师打成一片。
She ________ ________ ________ foreign teachers．
(5)她在两个场合穿戴同一套衣服。
She wore ______ ______ ________ on both occasions．
答案：(1)The identification　(2)identification　(3)identify
(4)identified herself with　(5)the identical dress2．bear v．忍受；忍耐；负担
①She bore the pain with great courage．
她非常勇敢地忍受了痛苦。
②I can't bear being kept waiting．
我无法忍受长时间的等候。
③I couldn't bear to listen any longer，so I left the room．
我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。
④Her late works doesn't bear comparision with her earlier novels．她后期的作品比不上她早期的小说。
⑤She bore the responsibility for most of the changes．
她对大多数变革负责。
知识拓展
bear doing sth．忍受做某事
bear sb．to do sth．忍受某人做某事
bear up 忍耐；坚强起来
bear sb．/sth．out 证实；为……作证
bear with sb．/sth．耐心对待某人或某事；容忍某人或某事
bear sth．in mind 牢记
比较网站
bear，endure，stand
I can't bear the smell of tobacco smoke．
我忍受不了烟草的味道。
She endured two years of loneliness．
她忍受了两年的孤寂。
I can't stand you any longer．
我再也忍受不了你了。
图解助记活学活用
完成句子
(1)I can't________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(忍受不了和这样一个人合作)．
(2)I can't________ ________ ________ ________ (忍受被嘲笑)in public．
(3)You must________ ________ ________ ________(记住)that your parents hope that you will make a breakthrough in this field one day．
答案：(1)bear teaming up with such a man　(2)bear being laughed at/to be laughed at　(3)bear/keep it in mind导学号 35690174However，she suggested that I should produce a perfume from my new lily．
然而，她建议我应该从我的新百合花中生产香水。
本句中含有虚拟语气，suggest(建议)，recommend(建议)，order(命令)，demand(要求)等动词后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”，should常可省略。
I suggest that he (should) apply for the job．
我建议他申请这份工作。
He demanded that he (should) be told everything．
他要求将一切都告诉他。
注意：suggest作“表明，暗示”讲时，其后的从句要用陈述语气。
His red face suggested he was lying．
他脸红了，这说明他在撒谎。
注意：英语中一些表示“命令，建议，要求”的动词所跟的从句需要用虚拟语气。如：insist，demand，suggest，propose，order，arrange，command，require，request，desire等动词引导宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
记住这些动词的小窍门：
i—insist，d—demand，r—request/require/recommend，o—order，p—propose，c—command，a—advise，s—suggest
活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)The teacher suggested that everyone ________ (go)there by bike．
答案：(should)go　suggest作“建议”讲时，后接的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，should常可省略。导学号 35690175
(2)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________(suggest)that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking．
答案：suggests　suggest在句中意为“表明”。句意：仍有许多人在公共场所吸烟这一事实表明我们可能需要一次全国范围内的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的认识。主句的主语是the fact，故谓语用第三人称单数。
过去分词充当定语、表语或宾语补足语
Ⅰ．定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。
1．前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或只具有“被动”含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表“完成”含义。1)被动和完成含义：
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions．
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
2)被动含义：
She is a respected teacher．
她是一位受人尊敬的老师。
3)完成含义：
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard．
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2．后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
①This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (＝that has ever been written)．
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
②Who were the so-called guests invited (＝who had been invited) to your party last night？
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？
③Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press．
昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。
[拓展1]
(1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。
①The experience gained will be of great value to us．
取得的经验对我们很有价值。
②By the end of the year，the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars，all of which were sent to Africa．
到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了9,200多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。
(2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。
①The air-conditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer．
在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。
②The newly-built building is our office building．
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
(3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
①The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless．
筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。
②This book，(which is)written in simple English，is suitable for beginners to read．
这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。
③The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success．
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
④The meeting，(which was) attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero．
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
(4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。
①The boy looked up with a pleased expression．
那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
②He spoke with a frightened look．
他说话时显得非常恐惧。
[拓展2]
(1)动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。
①No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room．
阅览室里不准大声说话。
②There is a swimming pool in our school．
我们学校有一个游泳池。
(2)现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
①He is a promising young man．
他是一个很有培养前途的青年。
②Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room？
你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？
③We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now．
对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。(3)不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”、“动宾”或“同位”三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。
①Our monitor is the first to arrive．
我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系)
②The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is of great importance．
明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系)
③I have a lot of work to do．
我有许多事要做。(动宾关系)
④Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us．
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系)
⑤They have no happiness to speak of．
他们没有什么幸福可言。
Ⅱ．表语
过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的一种状态。
①His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behaviour．
同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。
②The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains．
这座城市三面环山。
③The door remained locked．
门仍然锁着。
④She looked disappointed．
她看上去很失望。
[拓展]
(1)动名词作表语，解释或说明主语的内容。此时，主语与表语位置通常可以互换。
①Our duty is serving the people heart and soul．
我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。
②What they are worried about is being left behind．
他们所担心的是别被落在后面。
(2)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质，特征或属性；此时，现在分词与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人……的”。
①The news was exciting and we were all excited．
消息令人兴奋，我们都很激动。
②He remained standing beside the table．
他依然站在桌旁。
(3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be，seem，remain，appear，get的后面，用来说明或解释主语的内容。当主语为名词dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty时，表语通常采用不定式，不用动名词。此时，不定式通常强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。
①The aim is not just to keep busy．
其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。
②He appears to want to leave．
他看来要走。
Ⅲ．宾语补足语
过去分词作补语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示“状态”。
1．表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等)
①I have never heard the song sung in my school．
我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。
②He watched the TV set carried out of the room．
他看到电视机被搬到屋子外面了。
2．表示“使役”意义的动词(have，make，get，keep，leave等)
①I had my leg broken in the football game．
我的腿在足球赛中摔坏了。
②The reporters keep us informed of the results of the games．
记者不断地告知我们比赛结果。
3．表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词(like，order，want，wish，expect等后用过去分词或在过去分词前＋to be)
①Everyone wishes the matter(to be) settled as soon as possible．
人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。
②I want my house(to be)completed before the national day．
我想让我的房子在国庆节前完工。[拓展]
(1)现在分词作补足语
由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。
①I heard her singing when I passed by her room．
我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
②I found the topic being discussed everywhere then．
那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者)
③Are you listening to them quarrelling？
你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
④His remarks set me thinking．
他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
⑤The explosion sent us running in all directions．
那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)
(2)不定式作补语
①不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。
ⅰ．Did you notice him leave the house？
你看到他离开房间了吗？
ⅱ．I heard her say so．
我听见她是这么说的。
②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on，rely on，depend on，wait for，long for，vote for等。
ⅰ．You can depend on her to be late．
可以担保她必定迟到。
ⅱ．We are longing for the holiday to come．
我们渴望着假日的到来。
③动词think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常接“to be＋形容词(名词或反身代词)”结构。
ⅰ．He's thought to be one of the richest men in Europe．
人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。
ⅱ．Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous．
想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况。
典题赏析
用恰当形式填空
1．(2015真题改编·重庆)________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star．
答案：Raised　句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是动宾关系，故填raised。
导学号 35690176
2．(2015真题改编·天津)________(absorb)in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching．
答案：Absorbed　句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in“全神贯注于”，在句中作状语。
3．(2016·浙江10改编)To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study________(conduct)in Australia in 2012.
答案：conducted　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。4．(真题改编·湖南)You cannot accept an opinion ________ (offer)to you unless it is based on facts．
答案：offered　考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：你无法接受任何观点，除非它以事实为基础。分析句式结构可知，opinion需要定语，且offer与opinion之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。
5．(真题改编·安徽)While waiting for the opportunity to get ________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty．
答案：promoted　 考查非谓语动词。句意：在等待机会被提升时，亨利尽全力履行职责。get done表示被动，故填promoted。
Ⅰ．用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
1．(2015真题改编·陕西)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr．Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ (take)good care of at home．
2．The books ________ (write)by Mo Yan are popular．
3．When I got there，I found the farm tools ____________ (repair)．
4．The United States is a ________ (develop)country．
5．He worked so hard that he got his pay ________ (raise)．
导学号 35690177
6．Everyone present is very ________ (inspire)at his speech．
7．________ (compare) with the old one，the new building looks more beautiful．
8．The workers had the machines ________ (run) all night long to finish the work on time．
9．People in the south have their houses ________ (make) of bamboo．
10．Have you noticed the bridge ________ (build)there？
答案：1．taken　2．written　3．repaired　4．developed
5．raised　6．inspired　7．Compared　8．running　9．made　10．being built
Ⅱ．单句改错
1．You should improve your speak English．
_________________________________________________
2．Most of the artists being invited to the party were from South Africa．
_________________________________________________
3．I was annoying at his rude words．
_________________________________________________
导学号 35690178
4．The workers worked in the factory are well-paid．
_________________________________________________
5．Tom had his leg breaking when he was playing football．
_________________________________________________
答案：1．speak→spoken　2．去掉being　
3．annoying→annoyed
4．worked→working　5．breaking→brokenUnit 3　Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ．单词拼写导学号 35690199
1．There are many________(精力充沛的) and ambitious people in our company．
2．Strong________(水流) can be very dangerous for swimmers．
3．They provide financial and________(实际的) help for disabled students．
4．He sees local history as an________(延伸) of family history．
5．Students will gain________(能力，技能)in a wide range of skills．
6．He turned as someone t______him on the shoulder．
7．Don't worry！ He is said to be in a s______condition in hospital．
8．You'd better avoid being a______with such dishonest people．
9．The book was translated into many v______and sold all over the world．
10．A copy should be sent to the P______Department for our files．
答案：1．dynamic/energetic　2．currents　3．practical　4．extension　5．competences　6．tapped　7．stable　8．associated　9．versions　10．Personnel
Ⅱ．用所给短语的适当形式填空导学号 35690200
take up　contribute to　in a mess　lead to　deal with　now and then　set out　call up　because of　think of
1．This song ________ memories of my children．
2．I like to go to the opera ________．
3．When he retired，he began to ________ painting．
4．________ the heavy rain，we put off our sports meeting．
5．He was too lazy to clean his house so it was always ______．
6．Smoking can ________ lung cancer．
7．On receiving the assignment，we ________ to work at once．
8．I often ________ my old friend when I see the photo．
9．Hard work ________ success．
10．This book ________ love and marriage．
答案：1．called up　2．now and then　3．take up　4．Because of　5．in a mess　6．contribute to　7．set out　8．think of　9．leads to　10．deals with
Ⅲ．句型转换导学号 35690201
1．Bell made his first invention when he was eleven years old．
Bell made his first invention ______ ________ ________ of eleven．
2．The snakes were so fast that I couldn't catch them．
The snakes were ________ fast for me ________ catch．
3．There appears to have been many mistakes in my paper．
It ________ ________ there are many mistakes in my paper．
4．The snake that was trapped in a gap was struggling at times．
______ in a gap，the snake was struggling every ________ and ________．
5．He got up early in the morning in order to catch the first bus．
He got up early in the morning ________ ________ he could catch the first bus．
答案：1．at the age　2．too；to　3．appears that　4．Trapped；now；then　5．so that
Ⅳ.完形填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.And they've never actually__1__you.Everything they know about you__2__through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away.__3__they feel they can know you__4__from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the__5__is.
Powerful, yes, but not always__6__.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani, my faceless agent whom I'd never met__7__，got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels.But her cold voice really__8__me. I sometimes wished to__9__another agent.
One morning, I had to__10__an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran into Rani's office__11__.The woman sitting at the desk，__12__my madness, sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a__13__smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the__14__immediately.“What a wonderful lady！” I thought.
Rushing out__15__I called out over my shoulder，“By the way, what's your name？” “I'm Rani，” she said.I turned around and saw a__16__woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was__17__！ Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so__18__.
Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out.Rani's__19__—her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I'm here for you’__20__—were all silent signals that didn't travel through wires.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。电话的确很强大，但传达的信息却不总是准确的。作者通过自身的经历总结出，电话中感受到的有时与现实生活中感受到的并不一致，因为像微笑这样无声的信号无法通过电话线传播。
1．A.accepted　　　　 B．noticed
C．heard D．met
答案：D　根据第一段中的“Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk”以及第二段中的“Rani，my faceless agent whom I'd never met”可知，此处表示“事实上他们从来没有见过你”。故选D项。accept“接受”；notice“注意”；hear“听到”；meet“遇见”。
2．A.came B．moved
C．ran D．developed
答案：A　此处表示“他们对你的一切了解都是通过这个装置(传达的)”，故选A项。come“来，发生”；move“移动”；run“跑”；develop“发展”。
3．A.Thus B．Yet
C．Then D．Indeed
答案：B　根据上文的“...sometimes from hundreds of miles away”以及下文的“they feel they can know you...That's how powerful the__5__is”可知，上下文为转折关系，故选B项。
4．A.rather B．also
C．just　 D．already
答案：C　rather“在一定程度上，颇”；also“也”；just“仅仅”；already“已经”。根据语境可知，此处表示他们认为仅仅通过你的声音他们就可以了解你，故C项正确。
5．A.telephone B．voice
C．connection D．impression
答案：A　根据第一段中的“little device(装置)on your desk”及第二段中的“For years I delt with my travel agent only by phone”可知，此处指的是电话(telephone)。文章最后一段中的“wires”亦是提示。故选A项。
6．A.direct B．useful
C．easy　 D．accurate
答案：D　根据第二段的内容可知，作者通过电话听到他的旅游代理商的声音是冷淡的，让他感到不悦。而根据第三段中的“What a wonderful lady！”可知，作者亲自见到了Rani后，发现她本人与电话中的声音给人的感觉不一样。故该题选D项，表示电话虽然是强大的，但传达的信息却并不总是准确的。direct“直接的”；useful“有用的”；easy“容易的”；accurate“准确的”。
7．A.in person　 B．by myself
C．in public D．on purpose
答案：A　根据上文的“my faceless agent whom I’d never met”可知，作者从来没有亲自见过她，故选A项。in person“亲自”；by myself“我自己，独自”；in public“公开地，当众”；on purpose“故意地”。
8．A.annoyed B．interested
C．discouraged D．confused
答案：A　根据上文的“But her cold voice really”和下文的内容可知，此处指的是“让我不悦”，故选A项。annoy“使不悦，使生气”；interest“使感兴趣”；discourage“使泄气”；confuse“使困惑”。
9．A.promote B．train
C．find　 D．know
答案：C　因为Rani的声音让作者感到不悦，所以作者有时希望能找到另一个代理商。故选C项。promote“促进”；train“训练”；find“找到”；know“知道”。
10．A.arrange B．postpone
C．confirm D．book
答案：D　根据第三段中的“an immediate flight home for a family emergency”以及最后一段中的“Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport...”可知，作者不得不立刻预订机票回家，故选D项。arrange“安排”；postpone“推迟”；confirm“证实”；book“预订”。
11．A.for the first time　 B．at any time
C．from time to time　 D．in good time
答案：A　第二段提到作者从未与Rani见过面，而此处作者因家中有急事而不得不订票，所以可推知此处表示作者第一次去Rani的办公室。for the first time“第一次”；at any time“在任何时候”；from time to time“有时”；in good time“及时地，迅速地”。故选A项。
12．A.expecting　 B．seeing
C．testing D．avoiding
答案：B　因为作者已经进入Rani的办公室，所以此处表示“坐在桌旁的女士看到了我的疯狂”，故选B项。expect“期待”；see“看见”；test“测验，检测”；avoid“避免”。
13．A.shy B．comforting
C．familiar　 D．forced
答案：B　根据上文的“...sympathetically jumped up”，空后的“smile...I thought”以及最后一段中的“her warm smile”可知，此处表示“她给予我令人欣慰的(comforting)微笑”，故选B项。shy“害羞的”；familiar“熟悉的”；forced“强迫的，勉强的”。
14．A.bill　 B．form
C．ticket　 D．list
答案：C　根据上文的“One morning，I had to__10__an immediate flight home for a family emergency”可知，此处指的是“立刻打印出了票”。故选C项。
15．A.hopefully B．disappointedly
C．gratefully　 D．regretfully
答案：C　因为Rani帮助作者很快地打出了票，所以作者应是很感激地(gratefully)跑出去了。故选C项。hopefully“充满希望地”；disappointedly“失望地”；regretfully“遗憾地”。
16．A.careful　 B．serious
C．nervous　 D．pleasant
答案：D　根据下文的“with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip”可知，此处表示的是“一位友善的(pleasant)女士”。careful“仔细的”；serious“认真的，严肃的”；nervous“紧张的”。
17．A.amused　 B．worried
C．helpless D．speechless
答案：D　根据下文的“Why had I thought she was cold？Rani was，well...”可知，作者亲自见到Rani之后，发现她本人与电话中的声音传达给自己的信息是很不同的，故作者应是(因吃惊)说不出来话。故选D项。amused“高兴的”；worried“担心的”；helpless“无助的”；speechless“(尤指气得或惊讶得)说不出话的”。
18．A.calm　 B．nice
C．proud D．clever
答案：B　根据上文的内容尤其是“What a wonderful lady”可知，B项正确。calm“镇定的”；nice“友好的”；proud“骄傲的”；clever“聪明的”。
19．A.forgiveness　 B．eagerness
C．friendliness D．skillfulness
答案：C　根据上文的内容(如Rani帮助作者预订机票以及祝愿作者旅途愉快)可知，Rani是友好的。故选C项。forgiveness“宽恕，饶恕”；eagerness“渴望”；friendliness“友好”；skillfulness“有技巧，灵巧”。
20．A.explanation B．attitude
C．concept D．behavior
答案：B　根据语境可知，此处的“her‘I'm here for you’”，应是属于工作态度，故选B项。explanation“解释”；attitude“态度”；concept“观念”；behavior“行为”。
Ⅴ．阅读理解导学号 35690203
Studying for any standardized test can be stressful，especially when English is your second language．Sometimes that stress can drive you to try the most unusual strategies for acing the test，and it can even tempt you towards unethical approaches to beating the test．But trust me，there's only one way to“beat” the test．
When I stayed in the US to advance my education further，getting a satisfactory GRE score proved a difficult challenge．My first practice test score was atrocious，especially for the verbal section．
A friend of mine recommended memorizing 5,000 words that were likely to show up in the verbal section．It might not make sense，but I was willing to give it a try．A few months after studying the words，it was time for me to take the actual test to see if I had made any progress．Sadly，my results showed the opposite—my test score actually dropped．
That's when someone recommended to me another way to beat the GRE．Apparently，students who had taken the test were memorizing the questions and then posting them online．A look at one of these websites and I could have access to questions and answers that might end up on my actual test．
The question-sharing website my friend was offering me was really attractive．Thank goodness the first page I came to was completely in Korean，a language I don't speak at all．I couldn't have used the site even if I wanted to．At that point the thought of getting caught by the ETS crossed my mind，and I realized how much worse that would be than getting a low score．
Then I decided to stick to a more traditional method—constant and regular practice．I started reviewing the methods I was learning in my GRE class and working on practice tests．And guess what？ These approaches eventually proved to be effective．I started to see a steady progression in my test scores．I learned to use strategic educated guesses when I was thrown a question I didn't know，and was able to finish each section in the given time．
文章大意：很多留学生备考GRE这样的考试时会误入歧途。作者经过一番尝试，找到了攻破考试的秘诀——反复练习。
1．What does the author mean to say in the first paragraph？
A．Beating the test is unethical．
B．Students might prepare a test in a wrong way．
C．Students need enough confidence to take a test．
D．Some standardized tests are unfair to foreign students．
答案：B　推理判断题。由第一段的“and it can even．．．beating the test”和下文描述作者在备考的过程中，也经过了反复尝试，走过弯路，还差点误入歧途可知，B项正确。
2．The underlined word“ atrocious” in paragraph 2 probably means________．
A．very bad B．astonishing
C．rather hard D．very average
答案：A　词义猜测题。由第二段中的When．．．GRE score proved a difficult challenge．可推知答案。其他选项与语境不符。
3．When one friend of the author recommended memorizing 5,000 words，the author________．
A．felt grateful B．felt cheated
C．rejected the advice D．doubted the advice
答案：D　推理判断题。由第三段中的It might not make sense，but I was willing to give it a try．可知，D项正确。
4．What is probably the only one way to“beat” the test according to the author？
A．Practice． B．Training centre．
C．The question-sharing website． D．Memorizing possible questions．
答案：A　细节理解题。由最后一段中的Then I decided to stick to a more traditional method—constant and regular practice。可知答案。其他选项与文章所述不符。
Ⅵ．语法填空导学号 35690204
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A worker who was very poor found some work as a fisherman's helper．He was paid a few fish a day，and this kept his family__1__(live)．One day he caught a pretty little fish．Suddenly the fish spoke to him，“Just moments ago I__2__(play) with my friends．Now I'm in your hands．My parents and playmates must be worrying about me．Please throw me__3__into the water！” The worker quickly threw the fish back into the water，“All right，go along and play__4__．” When the worker's boss saw this， he became very angry． So the poor worker walked__5__(sad) home．
He was walking home，__6__he saw a Monster (怪物) coming toward him．The worker told him his story．I'm going to do you__7__favor．I'll let you keep this cow for three years．She'll give you good milk， and you'll never go__8__(hunger)．But when three years have passed，I'll come and ask certain questions．If you answer correctly，the cow will be yours．__9__ I'll take it away．Three years have passed．The Monster stood silently at the door for some time，and then told him，“You've answered correctly．A kindness is__10__lost，even if you throw it into the water．”
1．______　2．______　3．______　4．______　5．______
6．______　7．______　8．______　9．______　10．______
答案：
1．alive　根据语境可以知道他只能通过帮别人打鱼来养活家庭。alive做形容词，“活着的”。
2．was playing　从后文中可以知道乞求工人让它回去和它的伙伴去玩，故鱼被抓住的时候正在和它的伙伴玩。
3．back　鱼说“请把我扔回水里去吧。”throw back“扔回去”。
4．again　工人把鱼扔回水里是希望它接着和伙伴们玩。
5．sadly　老板很生气，所以可怜的工人难过地回了家。
6．when　when在此引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。be doing sth when．．．表示“正做着某事的时候，另外一件事情突然发生”。
7．a　do sb a favor是一个固定短语，表示“帮某人一个忙”。
8．hungry　由于怪物给了他一头奶牛，故他和家人就不会挨饿了，此处go hungry表示“挨饿”。
9．Or　根据上下句的意思可知表示转折，or“否则，要不然”。
10．never　never为副词，“永远不，从不”。本句话的意思是：善良永远都不会失去，即使你把它扔进水里。
Ⅶ．短文改错导学号 35690205
阅读短文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误仅限1词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last summer I went to London for a holiday．I spend just a week there．While I was staying there，I visited much places of interest but had lots of friendly talks with all kinds of people．I found a very interested thing there．One of my Chinese friend living in London has told me that many English families doesn't like to buying new television sets．There are many shops where can lend people TV sets．The shops often filled with a great many people．Here they can borrow a set very easy，and it costs them only a little money．Then it can be taken home and used for long．
答案：
Last summer I went to London for a holiday．I  just a week there．While I was staying there，I visited  places of interest  had lots of friendly talks with all kinds of people．I found a very  thing there．One of my Chinese  living in London has told me that many English families  like to  new television sets．There are many shops  can lend people TV sets．The shops  often filled with a great many people．Here they can borrow a set very ，and it costs them only a little money．Then it can be taken home and used for long．
课件84张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修8Inventors and inventionsUnit 3Section Ⅲ　Using LanguageUnit 3
Ⅰ．词汇过关
1．freeze (vt．/vi．)(使)结冰，冰结；冷藏；呆住
→___________ (adj．)冰冻的；严寒的；极冷的/(n．)冰点；凝固点
→___________ (adj．)冷冻的；冷藏的；冻僵的；惊呆的
2．___________ (v．& n．)轻敲，轻打，轻拍；轻轻地敲击(声)，(水)龙头
3．tri-(前缀)＋angle(n．)角，角度
→___________ (n．)三角形；三角形物体freezing
frozen
tap
triangle
4．___________ (adj．)稳固的；稳定的；安定的
→____________(adv．)稳固地；稳定地；安定地
→___________ (n．)稳定(性)；稳固(性)
5．___________ (adj．)清白的；无罪的；天真的
→___________ (n．)清白；无辜；无罪；天真
6．green (adj．)绿色的＋grocer (n．)食品杂货商
→____________ (n．)蔬菜水果商，(pl．)蔬菜水果店
7．___________ (vt．)联想；联系；交往/(n．)同伴；伙伴
→___________ (n．)联想；联系；交往；协会；社团
stable
stably
stability
innocent
innocence
greengrocer
associate
association
8．extend (v．)延长，延伸，扩展
→___________ (n．)电话分机；扩大；延伸
9．___________ (n．)能力；胜利；本领
→___________ (adj．)能胜任的；有能力的；称职的
10．___________ (adj．)实际的，实践的，实用的
→___________ (v．)练习，训练
→___________ (n．)练习extension
competence
competent
practical
practise
practiceⅡ．短语自查
1．set out (to do) ___________________
2．ring back ___________________
3．ring off ___________________
4．be associated with ___________________
5．迅速把手伸入；一心投入 _____________
6．不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 _____________
7．次序颠倒；发生故障 ___________________
8．设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过 ___________________开始(做)
回复电话
挂断电话
和……有联系
dive into
hang on
out of order
get through
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．__________ you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before．
每次你这样做时，你会发现你以前没发现的东西。
2．____________，it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges．
这种四面体非常稳固，被证明是桥梁设计中的无价之宝。
答案：1．Every time　2．Being very stableⅣ．语篇理解
Read the passage and tell if the following statements are true (T) or false (F)．
1．Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Boston，USA．(　　)
2．Bell's mother was completely deaf，but with the help of Bell，she could hear what Bell said．(　　)
3．It was Bell's interest and curiosity that led to the invention of the telephone．(　　)
4．In order to improve his invention，Bell made Morse code．(　　)5．Bell invented the telephone by chance because he had menat to improve the telegraph．(　　)
6．Right after he invented the telephone，he successfully sent a message to his assistant Watson．(　　)
7．He invented the helicopter and other flying machines．(　　)
8．Bell is respected for he devoted all himself to improving everybody's life．(　　)
答案：1．F　2．F　3．T　4．F　5．T　6．F　7．F　8．T1．current
①n．(水或气)流；电流
He swam to the shore against a strong current．
他逆着急流游向岸边。
②n．趋向；思潮；潮流
Ministers are worried about this current of anti-government feeling．
部长们对这股反政府情绪感到担忧。
③adj．(通常作定语)现在的；当前的；通用的；流通的
In its current state，the car is worth ￡1,000．
按目前的状况，这辆小汽车值1000英镑。
知识拓展
(1)the current year 今年
a strong current 急流
air/electrical current 气流/电流
(2)current fashions/events/prices 时装/时事/现价
They are expecting profits of over $3 million in the current year．
他们期盼着今年有三百多万的利润。
She likes current fashions very much．
她很喜欢时装。
活学活用
(1)汉译英
暴风雨掀起了巨浪。
_________________________________________________
答案：The storm whipped up huge waves．
(2)用恰当词语填空
The________(水流)is strongest in the middle of the river．
答案：current导学号 356901862．stable adj．稳定的；稳固的；安定的
①The ladder doesn't seem very stable．
这个梯子好像不太稳。
②He was clearly not a very stable person．
很明显，他不是一个很沉稳的人。
③This is a politically stable country．
这是一个政治上稳定的国家。
知识拓展
stability n．稳定(性)
stabilize v．稳定；稳固
stably adv．稳定地；沉稳地
比较网站
stable，firm与steady
这些形容词都有“稳固的”之意。
(1)stable多指根基牢固，平衡良好，也指性格或位置等的稳定，不可移动或改变。
A stable government is essential to economic growth．
稳定的政府对经济增长是重要的。
(2)firm指牢固不可动摇或意志、信仰的坚定。
I don't think the chair is firm enough to stand on．
我觉得这椅子不够稳固，不能站人。
(3)steady指保持平衡不动摇。用于有形物时，指没有根基的稳固，也指动中的稳。
The price of fruits remains steady．
水果的价格保持稳定。
活学活用
用恰当词语填空
Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature，thus creating a ________ environment．
答案：stable　句意：水能吸收和散发大量的热而不会引起太大的温度变化，这样营造了一种稳定的环境。由句意知填stable“稳定的”。导学号 356901871．hang on不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等
①The line was engaged and the operator asked if I'd like to hang on．
电话占线了，话务员问我是否愿意等一下(别挂断电话)。
②It's hard work but if you hang on you'll succeed in the end．
这是件困难的工作，但如果你坚持不懈，最后是能成功的。
知识拓展
hang on作“别挂断，坚持”讲时等于hold on。
hang back畏缩不前；退缩
hang up挂起；挂断电话
hang about拖延；闲逛
hang out常去某处；泡在某处
get the hang of了解；熟悉
Don't hang back in the face of difficulties．
不要因为困难而却步。
You hang out with that car more than you hang out with your own son．
你在那辆车上花的时间，比你用在儿子身上的时间还要多。
活学活用
(1)用hang的正确形式或相关的词组填空
①She ________ the phone angrily before I could speak．
②________ a minute，I'm just coming．
③I don't like to see all these youths ________ street corners．
④________ the rope； don't let it go．
答案：①hung up　②Hang on　③hanging about
④Hang on to
导学号 35690188
(2)补全句子
It is difficult for a foreigner to ________ ________ ________ ________(掌握)English idioms．
答案：get the hang of　句意：对一个外国人来说，掌握英语习语很难。get the hang of“了解，熟悉，掌握”，符合句意。
2．out of order
①(机器或设备等)发生故障，失灵
My watch was out of order．
我的手表出故障了。
②次序颠倒(紊乱)；排列错误
I checked the files and some of the papers were out of order．
我检查过案卷，其中有些未按顺序编排。
知识拓展
(1)out of order的反义词组：in order整齐，状况良好，适宜，按顺序
(2)类似的短语有：
out of breath上气不接下气
out of control失去控制
out of danger脱离危险
out of date过时的，过期的
out of place不合适的(不相称的，不适合的)
out of question毫无疑问，一定，当然
out of reach够不着
out of sight看不见，在视野之外
out of touch失去联系
out of work失业
I'll see that everything is in good order when the guests arrive．
客人来时我会把一切都料理得井井有条的。
His idea is really out of date．
他的想法太过时了。
I'm out of touch with most of the friends of my school days．
我和大部分学生时代的朋友们都失去联系了。
活学活用
完成句子
(1)狂风暴雨使交通运输秩序太乱。
The violent storm made the transportation system ______ ________ ________．
(2)经过抢救，病人终于脱险。
The patient was finally ________ ________ ________ after the emergency treatment．
导学号 35690189
(3)那男孩爬上树，但仍够不到树上的苹果。
The boy climbed the tree，but the apples were still ________ ________ ________ ________．
答案：(1)out of order　(2)out of danger　(3)out of his reach3．get through设法联系上(尤指打电话)；(设法)做完；通过(考试)；成功
①I tried several times，but couldn't get through．
我打了好几次电话，但都没打通。
②We were very glad when we heard that you had got through your exam．
听说你考试及格了，我们都很高兴。
③The government managed to get the new law through．
政府终于通过了新的法案。
④These children got through with their homework at school．
这些孩子在学校就把家庭作业完成了。
知识拓展
get across被理解，被传达；把……讲清楚
get away with干了(坏事)而不受处罚
get down to开始认真做……(to为介词)
get over克服
get rid of摆脱；除去
Did your speech get across to the audience？
你的演说听众都懂了吗？
It is time that they got down to doing their work．
是他们该开始认真干活的时候了。
Let's get rid of this old furniture．
咱们把这件旧家具扔掉吧。
活学活用
(1)用适当的介副词填空
①Once you want to do something，you must get down ________ doing it well．
②Your meaning didn't really get ________．
③He decided to get rid ______ his bad habit himself．
④I rang you several times but couldn't get ________．
答案：①to　②across　③of　④through导学号 35690190
(2)用get短语填空
I tried phoning her office，but I couldn't________ ________．
答案：get through　句意：我试着给她办公室打电话，但打不通(couldn't get through)。
4．ring sb．back 回复电话
①You can ring him back if you are free．
如果你有空的话给他回个电话。
②I didn't get through just now but soon he rang back．
刚才我没接通(电话)，但很快他就打了回来。
知识拓展
ring off挂断
ring out发出响亮而清晰的声音
ring sb．up给某人打电话
ring round给各处打电话
I'll ring you up tonight．
今晚我要给你打电话。
A pistol shot rang out．
发令枪响了。活学活用
完成句子
(1)I will________ ________(回复电话)as soon as I find something wrong．
(2)John rang you；he wanted you to________ him ________(给……回电话)．
(3)I'll have to________ ________(挂断电话)now．I have a train to catch．
(4)Can you________ ________(别挂断)？I'll try to find her．
答案：(1)ring back　(2)ring；back　(3)ring off/hang up
(4)hold on/hang on导学号 356901911．Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before．
每次你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。
本句是一个主从复合句，其中every time在此句中引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句，先行词为something。知识拓展
every time，each time，next time，immediately，the moment，the minute等可用从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
The moment I got off the train，I saw my father．
我一下火车就看到了我的父亲。
Every time he comes here，he asks me for money．
每次来，他都向我要钱。
Immediately he turned up at the airport，he was surrounded by the reporters．
他一出现在机场，就被记者包围了。
活学活用
补全句子
(1)我一看见她就把她认出来了。
I recognized her ________ I saw her．
答案：immediately/instantly/directly
(2)每次我看见她，她都是一幅幸福的样子。
________ ________ I see her，she looks happy．
答案：Every time导学号 356901922．Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind．
跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞在你的头脑。
本句中含有重要结构：“祈使句＋and＋(表结果的)简单句”，祈使句表示“条件”，简单句表示“结果”，通常使用一般将来时。句型“祈使句＋and＋(表结果的)简单句”的意义为“干某事，那么就会……”；“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋(表结果的)简单句”的意义为“干某事，否则就会……”，连词or可用 or else/otherwise替代。
①Work hard and(＝If you work hard)you will pass your examinations．
你若用功，考试就能及格。
②Arrive late once more and (＝If you arrive late once more) you're fired．
你再迟到一次，就把你开除。
③Turn the heat down or your cake will burn．
把热度调低吧，要不蛋糕就要糊了。
④Run or else you'll be late．
快跑，不然你要迟到了。
⑤Put the cap back on the bottle，otherwise the juice will spill．
把瓶盖儿盖好，要不汁液就洒出来了。
活学活用
用恰当词语或形式填空
(1)(真题改编·大纲卷)________ (call)me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result．
答案：Call　本题考查固定句式。句意：明天上午给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果。由语境可知，此处是“祈使句＋and＋一般将来时态”这一固定句式结构，故填call。
导学号 35690193
(2)You have to move out of the way ________ the truck cannot get past you．
答案：or　本题考查连词的用法。句意：你需要离开这条车道，否则卡车不能从你旁边过去。or意为“否则，要不然”，符合语境。3．One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man's ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass，Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear，the straw drew sound waves on the glass．
有一天做实验，他把一根干草的一端和一个聋子的耳鼓膜连接起来，干草的另一端与一块被烟熏过的玻璃相连接。贝尔发现，当他对着耳朵说话的时候，这根干草就把声波画在玻璃上。
本句的主语是Bell，谓语是noticed，that引导了一个宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中又有一个由when引导的时间状语从句；as引导一个时间状语从句，过去分词短语joined to a deaf man's ear drum作后置定语，修饰straw；the other to a piece of smoked glass是个省略句，可补充为the other end of the straw joined to a piece of smoked glass。知识拓展
并列句中的省略常有以下几种情况：
①如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。
John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework．
约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。
②主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。
His suggestions made John happy，but (his suggestions made) Mary angry．
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。③主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old ways．
老迈克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。
④在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。
Jack will sing at the party，but I know John won't (sing at the party)．
杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。
活学活用
用恰当词语或形式填空
(1)The police still haven't found the lost child，but they're doing all they ________．
答案：can　考查情态动词与省略。句意：警察仍然没有找到那个失踪的孩子，但他们在尽他们所能去寻找他。can“能”，与句意相符。本句完整结构为：they're doing all they can do to look for him。
导学号 35690194
(2)It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular，and ________ (introduce)better ones of your own．
答案：introducing　句意：什么东西使得“方便”食品如此流行值得考虑，引进你自己的更好的(方便食品)也值得考虑。introducing better ones of your own是“It is worth considering introducing better ones of your own”的省略形式。4．But he found the problem difficult to solve．
但是他发现这个问题很难解决。
find＋n．(宾语)＋adj．(宾补)＋to do(to do作状语修饰adj．)是find＋it＋adj．(宾补)＋to do sth．(it是形式宾语，to do sth．是真正的宾语)的变式
注意：“to do”形式中当“do”为不及物动词时，应在后面加上适当的介词。并且动词不定式使用一般式。
The man found the river dangerous to swim in．＝The man found it dangerous to swim in the river．
这个人发现在这条河里游泳很危险。
知识拓展
find后的宾语可以是名词或代词，而补语则可由许多成分充当：
(1)find＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语。如：
①I seldom found him out．
我很少发现他外出。
②When I woke up I found myself in a hospital．
当我醒来时，我发现自己在医院里。
(2)find＋宾语＋现在分词。如：
They found the lost boy hiding in the cave．
他们发现那个失踪的男孩藏在洞里。
(3)find＋宾语＋过去分词。如：
We found the place outside greatly changed．
我们发现外面全变了。
(4)find＋宾语＋名词。如：
I find him an easy man to work with．
我觉得他是个容易共事的人。
活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)I found him easy ________(get along)．
答案：to get along with　句意：我发现他很容易相处。本题属于find＋n．(宾语)＋adj．(宾补)＋to do结构，在此结构中要求to do使用一般式，并且当do为不及物动词时，应加上适当的介词。导学号 35690195
(2)I like getting up very early in summer．The morning air is so good________(breathe)．
答案：to breathe　句意：在夏季，我喜欢早起。呼吸早晨的空气有益于身心。本句还可以转换为：It is so good(for us)to breathe the morning air．不定式(短语)修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。
(3)They found the lecture hard________(understand)； they all felt sleepy．
答案：to understand　句意：他们发现这个讲座很难懂，所以他们都有恹恹欲睡的感觉。不定式修饰作表语或补足语的形容词时，如果和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。
如何写求职信(Letter of application)
写作指导
求职信属于应用文中的书信类。写作时，要注意书信的一些基本格式。
首先，要注意开篇交代句、末尾总结句和常识性语句，提高文章的呼应性。开篇句往往交代得知消息的渠道，并表明求职心愿。如：I've learned from the newspaper that you are employing a...and I'm very interested in it．末尾句往往表达希望能很快收到答复的迫切愿望并表明感激之情。如：I would be very thankful if you would give me an early reply．
第二，求职信往往需要介绍自己的姓名、年龄、身高、健康状况、业余爱好、特长、工作态度及人际关系等。常见的短语有be in good health，be good at，be expert in，have rich working experience，enjoy doing sth．，in one's spare time，be strict with，be kind to，get on well with等。
此外，要防止遗漏要点。如果是针对广告招聘的求职信，应认真阅读广告，明确招聘要求，并对照自己的条件，逐一加以介绍，同时还要注上自己的通讯地址和联系方式。
注意：1．篇幅不宜太长，要简明扼要。
2．态度要诚恳，实事求是。
3．所展示的信息要精炼且有针对性。
4．语气要客气、礼貌。
5．可用各种时态，通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。
[常用句型]
1．开头。说明写求职信的缘由与动机。
I would like to apply to become a(an)...in your company．
In today's newspaper I noticed your advertisement for...
I'm writing this letter to apply for...
2．正文。介绍个人情况。
I graduated from...
I am majoring in.../My major is...
I am experienced in.../I have experience of...
I have had four years' experience in my present post as...
I believe that both my education and experience are directly related to your requirements．
3．结尾。表达你希望早日得到回音并提供你的联系方式。
I hope to have the pleasure of an interview．
I would appreciate your call at...
I hope that you will give my application careful attention．
An early reply would be appreciated．Thank you．
I would be most grateful if my request receives your favorable consideration．
话题导入
假定你是李华，即将从浙江大学毕业，从《人才周刊》上看到了某公司的招聘广告，请根据以下内容用英语写一封求职信。
1．即将毕业，主修国际贸易；
2．通过了大学英语六级考试，擅长文字处理；
3．热情乐观，容易相处。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：《人才周刊》Talent Weekly；秘书secretary；大学英语六级考试CET-6
写作表达练习
1．回应________
2．从……毕业________
3．除了________
4．在……方面有丰富经验________
5．至于________
6．与……相处融洽________
7．期待着________
写作表达练习
1．我在《人才周刊》上看到贵公司6月8日的招聘广告，特来应聘秘书一职。
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2．除了专业课程，我还努力学习英语，并在2015年通过了大学英语六级考试。
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3．至于我的性格，我热情乐观，这使得我和同学相处融洽。
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
4．您能给我打电话安排一次面试吗？
_________________________________________________
参考答案：
写作表达练习
1．respond to　2．graduate from　3．apart from　4．have rich experience in　5．as for　6．get on well with　7．look forward to
写作词汇热身
1．I am responding to your advertisement in the Talent Weekly on June 8 for the position of secretary．
2．Apart from courses in my major，I learned English hard and passed the CET-6 in 2015．
3．As for my character，I'm enthusiastic and optimistic，which makes me get on well with my classmates．
4．Would you please call me to set an interview？
Would you please call me to set an interview？ I am looking forward to hearing from you．Thank you very much．
Sincerely yours，
Li HuaⅠ．单词拼写
1．He was sure that the man was ________ (无罪的，清白的) of any crime．
2．The famous movie star has longing for a ________ (稳定的) marriage．
3．He gave a positive ________ (鉴定) of the killer．
4．Be ________ (务实的)！ We can't afford the car and the vacation．
5．She is a ________ (精力充沛的) young artist．
6．How long will she keep her ________ (现在的) job？导学号 35690196
7．He is ________ (联系) with Mr．Brown in business．
8．That girl ________ (轻敲) her fingers on the desk impatiently．
9．He found their address in the telephone ____________ (电话簿)．
10．His leg was now capable of full ________ (伸展)．
答案：1．innocent　2．stable　3．identification　4．practical　5．dynamic　6．current　7．associated　8．tapped　9．directory　10．extensionⅡ．用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
dive into； set out； be associated with； hang on； out of order； get through； ring back； ring off
1．Sorry，I have to____________．It's time for me to go to work．
2．I'm sorry but my cell phone is____________．It can't work now．
3．With face masks，air tanks and diving suits，men can____________deep water and be at home with the fish．
4．These concerns may________________strong feelings such as anger or shame．导学号 356901975．What's wrong with your telephone？ I can't________all the time．
6．Know your choices when you______________to research a paper．
7．Please______________．I will write down your telephone number and let him ring back later．
8．He's not in；why don't you________after 6 o'clock？
答案：1．ring off　2．out of order　3．dive into　4．be associated with　5．get through　6．set out　7．hang on　8．ring back
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．I don't wish to ________ ________ ________ (把我自己和……联系在一起) what has been said．
2．After we finished the work，we __________ __________ ________ ________ (动身回家)．
3．Much of the information you have gained is ____________ ________ ________ ________ (没有实用性)．
导学号 35690198
4．It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ______ ________ (回电话) later．
5．I ________ ________ ________ ________ (接通了他的电话) and he told me that he had ________ ________ ________ ________ (通过了考试)．
答案：1．associate myself with　2．set out for home　3．of no practical use　4．ring back　5．got through to him；got through the exam课件12张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修8Inventors and inventionsUnit 3University of Sussex scientists working with researchers in Brazil have found the first example of a “soldier” bee．
They studied a common tropical bee，Tetragonisca angustula，in Sao Paulo State in Brazil where it's known locally as Jataí．It nests in trees and wall holes．Each nest has one queen and up to 10,000 workers．Insect societies such as the Jataí's are cooperative and selfless，the workers caring for the nest and the queen's children．This lifestyle also includes the division of labour among workers．
The research states that：
●Jataí guard bees are 30 percent heavier than their forager nest-mates．
●They are slightly different from foragers in shape，with larger legs and smaller heads．
●Approximately one percent of worker bees raised in a colony are soldier-sized．
●Jataí soldiers stand on the nest entrance tube and also fly around near the entrance where they provide “early warning” detection of enemy attack．
Like other social insects，Jataí use guard workers to protect the nest．A previous study by the team had shown that these guards were specialists that performed guarding duties for far longer (up to three weeks) than other types of worker bees，such as the honeybees，who spend just one day guarding the nest，progressing to other tasks as they get older．The new research shows that Jataí guards，unlike their honeybee counterparts，are physically specialized to perform a particular task．
Having larger-bodied guards is important for nest-defense，as they're better at fighting one of Jataí's main enemies—the robber bee Lestrimelitta limao，which can kill off many colonies when attacking nests for food．
Even though the Jataí guard lacks a sting and is eventually killed，it can knock its head onto the wing of a robber bee，preventing it from flying．Large-bodied soldier workers have long been known in ants and white ants，but this is the first evidence of a“soldier”bee．
文章大意：本文主要介绍了研究人员首次发现蜂群中也有“兵蜂”。
1．What do we know about Tetragonisca angustula？
A．It has no sting．　　 B．It lives in forests．
C．It is a rare insect． D．It has a small family．
答案：A　细节理解题。由最后一段中的...the Jataí guard lacks a sting可知A项正确。
2．The underlined word “counterparts” most probably refers to“________”．
A．workers B．foragers
C．robbers D．guards
答案：D　词义猜测题。结合上文内容可知，此处是把Jataí guards和履行保卫工作的honeybees进行比较。因此，此处的counterparts是指guards。3．It can be inferred that the Jataí guards________．
A．are very selfless and brave
B．can easily defeat their enemies
C．are the only guards in their colony
D．will take on other tasks when getting old
答案：A　推理判断题。由第二段中的Insect societies such as the Jataí's are cooperative and selfless以及最后一段的Even though the Jataí guard lacks a sting and is eventually killed，it can knock its head onto the wing of a robber bee，preventing it from flying．可知A项正确。
4．What would be the best title for the text？
A．The Division of Labour in Bees
B．Scientists Discover Soldier Bees
C．Soldier Workers in Insect Societies
D．How a Soldier Bee Defends Its Nest
答案：B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员的一项新发现，即蜂群中也有“兵蜂”，故选B项。