新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Sharing高考一轮复习知识梳理学案(解析版 原卷版)

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名称 新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Sharing高考一轮复习知识梳理学案(解析版 原卷版)
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/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Sharing高考一轮复习知识梳理学案
一、重点单词(高频考点+真题衔接)
1.【高频考点】deserve vt. 值得;应得;应受
搭配:deserve sth. 值得某物;deserve to do sth. 值得做某事;
deserve doing = deserve to be done 值得被……
【高考真题链接】(2023·新高考I卷):
The dedicated teacher ________ all the praise and respect from the students.
2.【易错提示】criterion n. 标准;准则 → 复数:criteria
【高考真题链接】(2025·江苏卷):
The ________ for evaluating the project include feasibility and sustainability.
criterion B. criterions C. criteria D. criterion's
3.【重点单词】shade vt. 遮挡;为……遮阳 n. 阴凉处;阴影;浓淡
搭配:shade sb. from the sun 为某人遮挡阳光;
in the shade 在阴凉处;a shade of 一种……的颜色(浓淡)
练习题:The old tree ________ us from the hot sun, making the picnic more comfortable.
4.【易错提示】drag vt. 拖;拽;勉强;vi. 拖沓 过去式/分词:dragged 现在分词:dragging
搭配:drag sth. across the floor 把某物拖过地板;drag one's feet 拖沓;
drag sb. into sth. 把某人卷入某事
【高考真题链接】(2024·全国甲卷):
She ________ her heavy suitcase up the stairs with great effort.
5.【高频考点】resign vi.&vt. 辞职;放弃;屈从 n. 辞职书
搭配:resign from one's post 辞职;resign oneself to 屈从于;
resign as 辞去……职务
【高考真题链接】(2025·江苏卷):
The CEO announced his decision to ________ due to health reasons.
retire B. resign C. dismiss D. quit
6.【易错提示】contract vt. 感染(疾病);订立合同 vi. 缩小 n. 合同;契约
搭配:contract a disease 感染疾病;sign a contract 签订合同;
breach a contract 违约;contract with 与……订立合同
【高考真题链接】(2023·浙江卷):
He ________ a severe cold after working in the rain for hours and had to terminate the ________ with the company temporarily.
7.【重点单词】grant vt. 同意;授予;给予 n. 拨款;补助金
搭配:grant sb. sth. = grant sth. to sb. 授予某人某物;grant a request 同意请求;government grant 政府拨款
练习题:The university ________ the student a scholarship for her excellent academic performance.
8.【重点单词】relay vt. 转发;转达;接力传递 n. 接力赛;中继器
搭配:relay a message 转发消息;relay race 接力赛;relay station 中继站
【高考真题链接】(2024·新高考II卷):
Please ________ the information to all team members so that everyone is well-informed.
9.【重点单词】tune n. 曲调;旋律;语调 vt. 调音;调节;使和谐
搭配:hum a tune 哼曲调;tune a piano 给钢琴调音;in tune 合调;
out of tune 走调;tune in 收听(节目)
练习题:The musician spent an hour ________ his guitar before the concert started.
二、词汇拓展(词性转换+语境运用)
1. 【高频考点】disable vt. 使丧失能力 → disabled(adj. 有残疾的)→ disability(n. 缺陷;障碍)
练习题:The organization provides support for people with physical or mental ________.
2.【易错提示】stable adj. 稳定的 → stability(n. 稳定性)→ unstable(adj. 不稳定的 反义词)
【高考真题链接】(2024·浙江卷):
The economic ________ is essential for the development of small businesses.
3.【高频拓展】privilege→privileged privilege(n. 特权;荣幸;优惠)→ privileged(adj. 享有特权的;幸运的)
【高考真题链接】(2023·新高考II卷):
It is a ________ (privilege) experience to work with such outstanding experts, and we feel ________ (privilege) to have this chance.
4.【拓展】dust→dusty dust(n. 灰尘;尘土 vt. 掸去灰尘)→ dusty(adj. 布满灰尘的;尘封的)
搭配:dusty books 尘封的书籍;dusty road 尘土飞扬的道路;
dust the furniture 掸家具上的灰尘
练习题:The old box was covered with ________ (dust) because it had been stored in the attic for years.
5.【高频拓展】chemist→chemistry→chemical chemist(n. 化学家;药剂师)→ chemistry(n. 化学)→ chemical(adj. 化学的 n. 化学品)
【高考真题链接】(2025·全国甲卷):
The ________ (chemistry) teacher introduced the famous ________ (chemist) who made great contributions to ________ (chemical) research.
6.【拓展】consult→consultation→consultant consult(vt.&vi. 咨询;查阅)→ consultation(n. 咨询;磋商)→ consultant(n. 顾问;咨询者)
搭配:consult a doctor 咨询医生;consult a dictionary 查阅词典;
hold a consultation 举行磋商;a career consultant 职业顾问
练习题:After ________ (consult) with the legal ________ (consultant), we decided to start the ________ (consultation) process with the other party.
7.【拓展】ripe→ripen ripe(adj. 成熟的;时机成熟的)→ ripen(vt.&vi. (使)成熟)
搭配:ripe fruit 成熟的水果;ripe for 时机成熟的;ripen the tomatoes 使西红柿成熟
练习题:The farmers wait for the grapes to ________ (ripe) before harvesting, as only ________ (ripe) grapes can make high-quality wine.
三、重点短语(固定搭配+真题演练)
【高频考点1】take for granted 认为……是理所当然;对……不予重视
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国乙卷):
We often ________ the love of our parents for granted, failing to express our gratitude.
【高频考点2】not to mention 更不用说;且不说
练习题:The town has beautiful scenery, ________ the delicious local food.
【重点短语1】a chorus of 齐声;异口同声地(后接表示声音的名词)
搭配:a chorus of cheers 齐声欢呼;a chorus of complaints 齐声抱怨;
a chorus of praise 异口同声的赞扬
【高考真题链接】(2024·浙江卷):
When the team won the championship, the stadium erupted in ________ ________ ________ joyful shouts.
【重点短语2】relay to 转达给;转发给(强调信息的传递)
搭配:relay a message to sb. 把消息转达给某人;relay the information to the department 把信息转发给该部门
练习题:Please make sure to ________ the notice ________ all the employees before the meeting starts.
【高频短语3】pray that 但愿;祈祷(that引导宾语从句,从句常用虚拟语气表愿望,也可用陈述语气表实际祈祷内容)
搭配:pray that sb. (should) do sth. 祈祷某人做某事;
pray that sth. will happen 祈祷某事发生
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国乙卷):
She ________ that her son would return home safely from the disaster area.
hoped B. prayed C. wished D. desired
四、重点句型(结构解析+真题应用)
【高频考点1】not only...but also... 倒装结构 (not only位于句首时,主句用部分倒装)
【高考真题链接】(2024·新高考I卷):________ ________ ________ the hospital help Tanzanians, but it also provides medical support for people in neighboring countries.
【易错提示】It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费多长时间做某事(it为形式主语,真正主语为不定式)
练习题:The student spends half an hour walking to school every day. (用It takes...改写)
________ ________ the student half an hour ________ ________ to school every day.
五、语法聚焦(非谓语动词+短语类型)
1. 非谓语动词(高考核心语法)
【高频考点】现在分词作状语 (表伴随、结果、时间等,与逻辑主语主动关系)
【高考真题链接】(2025·全国甲卷):
The scientist devoted himself to the research, ________ day and night without rest. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work
【易错提示】不定式作宾语补足语的省略to情况 (一感二听三让五看:feel, listen to, hear, make, have, let, see, watch, observe, look at, notice;被动语态需补to)
【高考真题链接】(2023·浙江卷):
The teacher was seen ________ (help) the students with their experiments after class.
2. 短语类型(句法功能识别)
【高考真题链接】(2024·江苏卷):
指出句中黑体短语类型:“The children are playing happily in the garden.”
黑体部分“in the garden”为________短语,在句中作________。
六、2023-2025真题实战演练
1. 单项选择
(1)【高考真题链接】(2025·新高考I卷)
The manager decided to ________ the meeting because most members were stuck in traffic.
extend B. withdraw C. cancel D. arrest
【高考真题链接】(2024·全国甲卷)
It is a common mistake to ________ the importance of basic skills in learning a language.
take for granted B. look forward to C. pay attention to D. make use of
2. 语法填空
【高考真题链接】(2023·新高考II卷)
The volunteers are trying their best to help the ________ (disable) people, and their efforts ________ (deserve) great praise. They often say that it is a ________ (privilege) to serve others./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Sharing高考一轮复习知识梳理学案
一、重点单词(高频考点+真题衔接)
1.【高频考点】deserve vt. 值得;应得;应受
搭配:deserve sth. 值得某物;deserve to do sth. 值得做某事;
deserve doing = deserve to be done 值得被……
【高考真题链接】(2023·新高考I卷):
The dedicated teacher ________ all the praise and respect from the students.
答案:deserves
解析:句意为“这位敬业的老师值得学生们所有的赞扬与尊重”。主语为第三人称单数,deserve用第三人称单数形式deserves,符合“deserve sth.”搭配。
2.【易错提示】criterion n. 标准;准则 → 复数:criteria
【高考真题链接】(2025·江苏卷):
The ________ for evaluating the project include feasibility and sustainability.
criterion B. criterions C. criteria D. criterion's
答案:C
解析:句中“评估项目的标准”不止一项,需用复数形式,criterion的正确复数为criteria,B为错误复数形式。
3.【重点单词】shade vt. 遮挡;为……遮阳 n. 阴凉处;阴影;浓淡
搭配:shade sb. from the sun 为某人遮挡阳光;
in the shade 在阴凉处;a shade of 一种……的颜色(浓淡)
练习题:The old tree ________ us from the hot sun, making the picnic more comfortable.
答案:shades
解析:句意为“这棵老树为我们遮挡烈日,让野餐更舒适”。主语the old tree为第三人称单数,shade作“遮挡”讲时用第三人称单数形式shades,符合语境。
4.【易错提示】drag vt. 拖;拽;勉强;vi. 拖沓 过去式/分词:dragged 现在分词:dragging
搭配:drag sth. across the floor 把某物拖过地板;drag one's feet 拖沓;
drag sb. into sth. 把某人卷入某事
【高考真题链接】(2024·全国甲卷):
She ________ her heavy suitcase up the stairs with great effort.
答案:dragged
解析:句意为“她费力地把沉重的行李箱拖上楼梯”。结合语境“费力拖”可知用过去式,drag的过去式为规则变化dragged,注意与“拉”(pull)的区别,drag强调“沉重或费力地拖”。
5.【高频考点】resign vi.&vt. 辞职;放弃;屈从 n. 辞职书
搭配:resign from one's post 辞职;resign oneself to 屈从于;
resign as 辞去……职务
【高考真题链接】(2025·江苏卷):
The CEO announced his decision to ________ due to health reasons.
retire B. resign C. dismiss D. quit
答案:B
解析:句意为“这位首席执行官因健康原因宣布辞职决定”。resign强调“主动提交辞呈”,符合“CEO”的身份语境;A“退休”侧重年龄或年限,C“解雇”为被动,D“退出”语气较口语化,均不符。
6.【易错提示】contract vt. 感染(疾病);订立合同 vi. 缩小 n. 合同;契约
搭配:contract a disease 感染疾病;sign a contract 签订合同;
breach a contract 违约;contract with 与……订立合同
【高考真题链接】(2023·浙江卷):
He ________ a severe cold after working in the rain for hours and had to terminate the ________ with the company temporarily.
答案:contracted; contract
解析:第一空“感染感冒”用动词contract,结合语境“过去发生”用过去式contracted;第二空“合同”用名词contract,由the修饰表特指,用原形。考点:一词多义、词性转换。
7.【重点单词】grant vt. 同意;授予;给予 n. 拨款;补助金
搭配:grant sb. sth. = grant sth. to sb. 授予某人某物;grant a request 同意请求;government grant 政府拨款
练习题:The university ________ the student a scholarship for her excellent academic performance.
答案:granted
解析:句意为“这所大学因这位学生优异的学业成绩授予她奖学金”。结合“已授予”的语境用过去式granted,符合“grant sb. sth.”的搭配结构。
8.【重点单词】relay vt. 转发;转达;接力传递 n. 接力赛;中继器
搭配:relay a message 转发消息;relay race 接力赛;relay station 中继站
【高考真题链接】(2024·新高考II卷):
Please ________ the information to all team members so that everyone is well-informed.
答案:relay
解析:句意为“请将该信息转达给所有团队成员,确保每个人都知情”。祈使句中用动词原形,relay“转达”符合“传递信息”的语境,区别于“传递”(pass),relay侧重“辗转传达”。
9.【重点单词】tune n. 曲调;旋律;语调 vt. 调音;调节;使和谐
搭配:hum a tune 哼曲调;tune a piano 给钢琴调音;in tune 合调;
out of tune 走调;tune in 收听(节目)
练习题:The musician spent an hour ________ his guitar before the concert started. 答案:tuning
解析:句意为“音乐会开始前,这位音乐家花了一个小时给吉他调音”。spend time doing sth.为固定结构,tune的现在分词为tuning,符合“调音”的语境。
二、词汇拓展(词性转换+语境运用)
1. 【高频考点】disable vt. 使丧失能力 → disabled(adj. 有残疾的)→ disability(n. 缺陷;障碍)
练习题:The organization provides support for people with physical or mental ________.
答案:disabilities
解析:形容词mental后接名词,结合“身体或精神上的障碍”,用disability的复数形式disabilities,表泛指。
2.【易错提示】stable adj. 稳定的 → stability(n. 稳定性)→ unstable(adj. 不稳定的 反义词)
【高考真题链接】(2024·浙江卷):
The economic ________ is essential for the development of small businesses.
答案:stability
解析:形容词economic后需接名词,结合语境“经济稳定”,stability为stable的名词形式,符合语义。
3.【高频拓展】privilege→privileged privilege(n. 特权;荣幸;优惠)→ privileged(adj. 享有特权的;幸运的)
【高考真题链接】(2023·新高考II卷):
It is a ________ (privilege) experience to work with such outstanding experts, and we feel ________ (privilege) to have this chance.
答案:privileged; privileged
解析:第一空修饰名词experience,用形容词privileged“难得的;荣幸的”;第二空“感到幸运的”用形容词privileged作表语,注意区分名词形式privilege与形容词形式的用法。
4.【拓展】dust→dusty dust(n. 灰尘;尘土 vt. 掸去灰尘)→ dusty(adj. 布满灰尘的;尘封的)
搭配:dusty books 尘封的书籍;dusty road 尘土飞扬的道路;
dust the furniture 掸家具上的灰尘
练习题:The old box was covered with ________ (dust) because it had been stored in the attic for years.
答案:dust
解析:句意为“这个旧盒子布满灰尘,因为它在阁楼里存放了很多年”。介词with后接名词,dust为不可数名词,用原形,若表“布满灰尘的”则用形容词dusty修饰名词。
5.【高频拓展】chemist→chemistry→chemical chemist(n. 化学家;药剂师)→ chemistry(n. 化学)→ chemical(adj. 化学的 n. 化学品)
【高考真题链接】(2025·全国甲卷):
The ________ (chemistry) teacher introduced the famous ________ (chemist) who made great contributions to ________ (chemical) research.
答案:chemistry; chemist; chemical
解析:第一空“化学老师”用名词作定语chemistry;第二空“化学家”用名词chemist,由the修饰表特指;第三空“化学研究”用形容词chemical修饰名词research,体现词性转换的层级应用。
6.【拓展】consult→consultation→consultant consult(vt.&vi. 咨询;查阅)→ consultation(n. 咨询;磋商)→ consultant(n. 顾问;咨询者)
搭配:consult a doctor 咨询医生;consult a dictionary 查阅词典;
hold a consultation 举行磋商;a career consultant 职业顾问
练习题:After ________ (consult) with the legal ________ (consultant), we decided to start the ________ (consultation) process with the other party.
答案:consulting; consultant; consultation
解析:第一空after为介词,后接动名词consulting;第二空“法律顾问”用名词consultant;第三空“磋商过程”用名词consultation,体现动词到名词的不同语义转换。
7.【拓展】ripe→ripen ripe(adj. 成熟的;时机成熟的)→ ripen(vt.&vi. (使)成熟)
搭配:ripe fruit 成熟的水果;ripe for 时机成熟的;ripen the tomatoes 使西红柿成熟
练习题:The farmers wait for the grapes to ________ (ripe) before harvesting, as only ________ (ripe) grapes can make high-quality wine.
答案:ripen; ripe
解析:第一空“等待葡萄成熟”用动词ripen,不定式符号to后接原形;第二空修饰名词grapes,用形容词ripe,明确形容词与动词的用法差异。
三、重点短语(固定搭配+真题演练)
【高频考点1】take for granted 认为……是理所当然;对……不予重视
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国乙卷):
We often ________ the love of our parents for granted, failing to express our gratitude. 答案:take
解析:take...for granted为固定短语,意为“认为……理所当然”,主语为we,用动词原形。
【高频考点2】not to mention 更不用说;且不说
练习题:The town has beautiful scenery, ________ the delicious local food.
答案:not to mention
解析:句意为“这个小镇风景优美,更不用说美味的当地食物了”。not to mention连接补充内容,符合语境逻辑。
【重点短语1】a chorus of 齐声;异口同声地(后接表示声音的名词)
搭配:a chorus of cheers 齐声欢呼;a chorus of complaints 齐声抱怨;
a chorus of praise 异口同声的赞扬
【高考真题链接】(2024·浙江卷):
When the team won the championship, the stadium erupted in ________ ________ ________ joyful shouts.
答案:a chorus of
解析:句意为“当这支队伍赢得冠军时,体育场内爆发出一阵欢乐的齐声欢呼”。a chorus of后接名词复数shouts,符合“齐声欢呼”的语境,体现群体声音的特点。
【重点短语2】relay to 转达给;转发给(强调信息的传递)
搭配:relay a message to sb. 把消息转达给某人;relay the information to the department 把信息转发给该部门
练习题:Please make sure to ________ the notice ________ all the employees before the meeting starts.
答案:relay; to
解析:句意为“请确保在会议开始前将通知转达给所有员工”。relay to为固定短语,make sure to后接动词原形,符合“传递通知”的语义需求。
【高频短语3】pray that 但愿;祈祷(that引导宾语从句,从句常用虚拟语气表愿望,也可用陈述语气表实际祈祷内容)
搭配:pray that sb. (should) do sth. 祈祷某人做某事;
pray that sth. will happen 祈祷某事发生
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国乙卷):
She ________ that her son would return home safely from the disaster area.
hoped B. prayed C. wished D. desired
答案:B
解析:句意为“她祈祷儿子能从灾区平安回家”。pray强调“带有虔诚的祈祷”,符合“灾难场景下的愿望”;A“希望”、C“祝愿”、D“渴望”均无“祈祷”的语义,且pray that为固定搭配,此处从句用陈述语气表实际祈祷内容。
四、重点句型(结构解析+真题应用)
【高频考点1】not only...but also... 倒装结构 (not only位于句首时,主句用部分倒装)
【高考真题链接】(2024·新高考I卷):________ ________ ________ the hospital help Tanzanians, but it also provides medical support for people in neighboring countries. 答案:Not only does
解析:not only位于句首,主句需部分倒装,将助动词does提前,主语为the hospital,用第三人称单数形式,正常语序为“The hospital not only helps...”。
【易错提示】It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费多长时间做某事(it为形式主语,真正主语为不定式)
练习题:The student spends half an hour walking to school every day. (用It takes...改写)
________ ________ the student half an hour ________ ________ to school every day.
答案:It takes; to walk
解析:改写后需符合It takes sb. time to do sth.结构,“步行去上学”用to walk to school,take用第三人称单数形式takes。
五、语法聚焦(非谓语动词+短语类型)
1. 非谓语动词(高考核心语法)
【高频考点】现在分词作状语 (表伴随、结果、时间等,与逻辑主语主动关系)
【高考真题链接】(2025·全国甲卷):
The scientist devoted himself to the research, ________ day and night without rest. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work
答案:B
解析:句中“日夜工作”表伴随动作,scientist与work为主动关系,用现在分词working作状语;A为动词原形,C为过去分词(被动/完成),D为不定式(目的),均不符合。
【易错提示】不定式作宾语补足语的省略to情况 (一感二听三让五看:feel, listen to, hear, make, have, let, see, watch, observe, look at, notice;被动语态需补to)
【高考真题链接】(2023·浙江卷):
The teacher was seen ________ (help) the students with their experiments after class. 答案:to help
解析:see用于被动语态时,其后不定式需补to,故填to help,区别于主动语态“see sb. help”。
2. 短语类型(句法功能识别)
【高考真题链接】(2024·江苏卷):
指出句中黑体短语类型:“The children are playing happily in the garden.”
黑体部分“in the garden”为________短语,在句中作________。
答案:介词;状语
解析:“in the garden”由介词in+名词短语构成,在句中说明动作“play”的地点,作地点状语。
六、2023-2025真题实战演练
1. 单项选择
(1)【高考真题链接】(2025·新高考I卷)
The manager decided to ________ the meeting because most members were stuck in traffic.
extend B. withdraw C. cancel D. arrest
答案:C
解析:句意为“经理决定取消会议,因为多数成员堵车了”。cancel“取消”符合语境;A“延长”、B“撤回”、D“逮捕”均不符。考点:动词词义辨析。
【高考真题链接】(2024·全国甲卷)
It is a common mistake to ________ the importance of basic skills in learning a language.
take for granted B. look forward to C. pay attention to D. make use of
答案:A
解析:句意为“忽视语言学习中基础技能的重要性是常见错误”。take...for granted此处引申为“忽视”,符合语义;B“期待”、C“关注”、D“利用”均不符。考点:短语辨析。
2. 语法填空
【高考真题链接】(2023·新高考II卷)
The volunteers are trying their best to help the ________ (disable) people, and their efforts ________ (deserve) great praise. They often say that it is a ________ (privilege) to serve others.
答案:disabled; deserve; privilege
解析:第一空“残疾人”用形容词disabled修饰people;第二空主语efforts为复数,deserve用原形;第三空“特权;荣幸”用名词privilege,空前有a,用单数。考点:词性转换、主谓一致。
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