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新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration高考一轮复习知识梳理学案
一、重点单词(高频考点+真题衔接)
1. 【高频考点】arrest n. 逮捕;拘留;中止 vt. 逮捕;拘留;阻止
搭配:arrest sb. for sth. 因某事逮捕某人;
under arrest 被捕;arrest one's attention 吸引某人注意力
【高考真题链接】(2024·新高考I卷):
The police ________ the suspect for his connection with the theft after a three-day investigation.
2.【高频考点】bond n. 纽带;关系 vt.&vi. 增强信任关系;使牢固结合
搭配:form a close bond with 与……建立紧密联系;bond with 与……增进感情
练习题:The shared experience of overcoming difficulties helped the team members ________ a strong bond.
3.【易错提示】withdraw vi.&vt. (使)撤回;撤离 过去式:withdrew 过去分词:withdrawn 现在分词:withdrawing
【高考真题链接】(2025·浙江卷):
The company decided to ________ its investment in the project due to unexpected risks.
withdraw B. withdraws C. withdrawn D. withdrawing 、
4.【高频考点】exploit vt. 开发;利用;剥削 n. [常pl.] 功绩;业绩
搭配:exploit natural resources 开发自然资源;
exploit an opportunity 利用机会;exploit workers 剥削工人
【高考真题链接】(2025·新高考II卷):
We should ________ the renewable energy instead of overusing fossil fuels.
A. explore B. exploit C. export D. expand
5.【高频考点】tax vt. 征税;使负重担 n. 税款;负担
搭配:tax sb. on sth. 对某物向某人征税;income tax 所得税;
heavy tax 重税;tax one's energy 耗费精力
【高考真题链接】(2024·浙江卷):
The government plans to ________ high-income groups more to narrow the wealth gap.
6.【重点单词】opponent n. 反对者;对手 adj. 对立的;敌对的
搭配:political opponent 政敌;defeat the opponent 击败对手;
opponent views 对立观点
练习题:The boxer remained calm when facing his strong ________ in the final match.
7.【重点单词】league n. 联合会;联赛;等级 vt. 使结盟
搭配:football league 足球联赛;in the same league 水平相当;
league against 联合反对
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国甲卷):
His performance in the game was so excellent that he was invited to join the top ________.
team B. league C. club D. group
8.【重点单词】merchant n. 商人;批发商 adj. 商业的;商人的
搭配:foreign merchant 外国商人;merchant ship 商船;merchant bank 商业银行
练习题:The ancient ________ traveled along the Silk Road to trade silk and spices.
9.【易错提示】log vt. 记录;登录;伐木 n. 日志;原木 过去式/分词:logged 现在分词:logging
搭配:log in/out 登录/退出;log data 记录数据;keep a log 记日志
【高考真题链接】(2024·全国乙卷):
The system automatically ________ all user activities for safety purposes.
10.【重点单词】royal adj. 皇家的;盛大的;高贵的 n. [the Royals] 王室成员
搭配:Royal Family 王室;royal palace 皇宫;royal welcome 隆重欢迎
练习题:The ________ wedding attracted worldwide attention through live broadcasts.
二、词汇拓展(词性转换+语境运用)
1.【高频考点】negotiate vt. 商定;达成协议 vi. 谈判 → negotiation(n. 谈判)→ negotiable(adj. 可协商的)
练习题:After several rounds of ________, the two sides finally reached a consensus.
2.【易错提示】possess vt. 拥有;占有 → possession(n. 拥有;[pl.] 个人财产)
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国甲卷):
The old man takes great pride in his ________, which include several valuable antiques.
3.【高频拓展】politics→political→politician politics(n. 政治;政见)→ political(adj. 政治的)→ politician(n. 政治家;政客)
练习题:The ________ (politics) situation in the region has become more stable, and many ________ (politician) have praised the efforts of the international community.
4.【高频拓展】extend→extension extend(vt. 延长;延伸;扩大)→ extension(n. 延长;延期;延伸部分)
【高考真题链接】(2025·江苏卷):
She applied for an ________ (extend) of the deadline because she hadn't finished the report yet.
5.【拓展】applaud→applause
applaud(vt.&vi. 鼓掌;称赞)→ applause(n. 掌声;喝彩,不可数名词)
练习题:The audience burst into warm ________ (applaud) when the pianist finished his performance.
6. 【易错拓展】mercy→merciful→merciless mercy(n. 仁慈;宽恕)→ merciful(adj. 仁慈的)→ merciless(adj. 无情的,反义词)
【高考真题链接】(2023·浙江卷):
The judge was ________ and gave the young offender a light sentence. A. mercy B. merciful C. merciless D. mercifully
7.【拓展】migrate→migration migrate(vi. 迁移;移居)→ migration(n. 迁移;移居)
练习题:The ________ (migrate) of birds is a natural phenomenon that occurs every year.
三、重点短语(固定搭配+真题演练)
1. 【高频考点】set sail 起航;开航
【高考真题链接】(2024·全国乙卷):
The ancient fleet ________ from the port early in the morning, heading for distant lands.
2.【高频考点】in hand 在手头;可供使用
短语辨析填空:With the necessary documents ________, we can start the application process immediately.
3.【易错短语】withdraw from 退出;撤回;从……取出
搭配:withdraw from the competition 退出比赛;withdraw from the bank 从银行取款;withdraw a statement 撤回声明
【高考真题链接】(2024·新高考I卷):
The athlete had to ________ ________ the race due to a sudden injury.
4.【高频短语】press conference 记者招待会;新闻发布会
搭配:hold a press conference 举行记者招待会;attend a press conference 出席记者招待会;at the press conference 在记者招待会上
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国乙卷):
The minister will answer questions from reporters at the ________ ________ this afternoon.
5.【重点短语】in a league of one's own 独领风骚;水平出众(无人能及)
搭配:用于描述人或事物在某领域远超他人,主语可为人、作品、技术等
练习题:As a pianist, she is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________, as no one can match her skill and expression.
四、重点句型(结构解析+真题应用)
1. 【高频考点】There is an urgent need to do sth. 迫切需要做某事
【高考真题链接】(2025·新高考II卷):________ ________ ________ ________ ________ protect the endangered species before they disappear.
2.【易错提示】so that引导目的状语从句 (从句含情态动词can/could等,表“为了”)
练习题:We need to collect more data ________ we can make a more accurate analysis.
so that B. so C. because D. though/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration高考一轮复习知识梳理学案
一、重点单词(高频考点+真题衔接)
1. 【高频考点】arrest n. 逮捕;拘留;中止 vt. 逮捕;拘留;阻止
搭配:arrest sb. for sth. 因某事逮捕某人;
under arrest 被捕;arrest one's attention 吸引某人注意力
【高考真题链接】(2024·新高考I卷):
The police ________ the suspect for his connection with the theft after a three-day investigation.
答案:arrested
解析:句意为“警方经过三天调查,因嫌疑人与盗窃案有关而将其逮捕”。此处需用动词过去式,结合语境“逮捕”符合语义,arrest的过去式为规则变化。
2.【高频考点】bond n. 纽带;关系 vt.&vi. 增强信任关系;使牢固结合
搭配:form a close bond with 与……建立紧密联系;bond with 与……增进感情
练习题:The shared experience of overcoming difficulties helped the team members ________ a strong bond.
答案:form
解析:句意为“共同克服困难的经历帮助团队成员建立了牢固的纽带”。help后接动词原形,form“建立”符合搭配与语义。
3.【易错提示】withdraw vi.&vt. (使)撤回;撤离 过去式:withdrew 过去分词:withdrawn 现在分词:withdrawing
【高考真题链接】(2025·浙江卷):
The company decided to ________ its investment in the project due to unexpected risks.
withdraw B. withdraws C. withdrawn D. withdrawing 、
答案:A
解析:decide to后接动词原形,此处表示“撤回投资”,withdraw为原形,B为第三人称单数,C为过去分词,D为现在分词,均不符合语法要求。
4.【高频考点】exploit vt. 开发;利用;剥削 n. [常pl.] 功绩;业绩
搭配:exploit natural resources 开发自然资源;
exploit an opportunity 利用机会;exploit workers 剥削工人
【高考真题链接】(2025·新高考II卷):
We should ________ the renewable energy instead of overusing fossil fuels.
A. explore B. exploit C. export D. expand
答案:B
解析:句意为“我们应利用可再生能源而非过度使用化石燃料”。exploit“利用”符合语境;A“探索”、C“出口”、D“扩张”均不符。考点:动词词义辨析。
5.【高频考点】tax vt. 征税;使负重担 n. 税款;负担
搭配:tax sb. on sth. 对某物向某人征税;income tax 所得税;
heavy tax 重税;tax one's energy 耗费精力
【高考真题链接】(2024·浙江卷):
The government plans to ________ high-income groups more to narrow the wealth gap.
答案:tax
解析:句意为“政府计划对高收入群体征收更多税款以缩小贫富差距”。plan to后接动词原形,tax此处为动词“征税”,符合语义。
6.【重点单词】opponent n. 反对者;对手 adj. 对立的;敌对的
搭配:political opponent 政敌;defeat the opponent 击败对手;
opponent views 对立观点
练习题:The boxer remained calm when facing his strong ________ in the final match.
答案:opponent
解析:句意为“这位拳击手在决赛中面对强劲对手时保持冷静”。形容词strong后接名词,opponent“对手”符合语境,此处指单数对手,用原形。
7.【重点单词】league n. 联合会;联赛;等级 vt. 使结盟
搭配:football league 足球联赛;in the same league 水平相当;
league against 联合反对
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国甲卷):
His performance in the game was so excellent that he was invited to join the top ________.
team B. league C. club D. group
答案:B
解析:句意为“他在比赛中的表现极为出色,因此被邀请加入顶级联赛”。top league“顶级联赛”为固定搭配,符合体育类语境;A“团队”、C“俱乐部”、D“群体”均无此搭配。
8.【重点单词】merchant n. 商人;批发商 adj. 商业的;商人的
搭配:foreign merchant 外国商人;merchant ship 商船;merchant bank 商业银行
练习题:The ancient ________ traveled along the Silk Road to trade silk and spices. 答案:merchants
解析:句意为“古代商人沿丝绸之路往返,交易丝绸与香料”。结合语境“古代商人”为泛指,用复数形式merchants。
9.【易错提示】log vt. 记录;登录;伐木 n. 日志;原木 过去式/分词:logged 现在分词:logging
搭配:log in/out 登录/退出;log data 记录数据;keep a log 记日志
【高考真题链接】(2024·全国乙卷):
The system automatically ________ all user activities for safety purposes.
答案:logs
解析:句意为“为安全起见,该系统会自动记录所有用户操作”。主语the system为第三人称单数,log作“记录”讲时,第三人称单数形式为logs,注意与“原木”含义区分。
10.【重点单词】royal adj. 皇家的;盛大的;高贵的 n. [the Royals] 王室成员
搭配:Royal Family 王室;royal palace 皇宫;royal welcome 隆重欢迎
练习题:The ________ wedding attracted worldwide attention through live broadcasts.
答案:royal
解析:句意为“这场王室婚礼通过直播吸引了全球关注”。此处需形容词修饰wedding,royal“皇家的”符合语义,为固定搭配。
二、词汇拓展(词性转换+语境运用)
1.【高频考点】negotiate vt. 商定;达成协议 vi. 谈判 → negotiation(n. 谈判)→ negotiable(adj. 可协商的)
练习题:After several rounds of ________, the two sides finally reached a consensus.
答案:negotiation
解析:介词of后需接名词,结合语境“经过几轮谈判”,negotiation为negotiate的名词形式,符合要求。
2.【易错提示】possess vt. 拥有;占有 → possession(n. 拥有;[pl.] 个人财产)
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国甲卷):
The old man takes great pride in his ________, which include several valuable antiques.
答案:possessions
解析:句中“个人财产”需用复数形式possessions,单数possession表示“拥有”,此处结合“several valuable antiques”可知指具体财产,用复数。
3.【高频拓展】politics→political→politician politics(n. 政治;政见)→ political(adj. 政治的)→ politician(n. 政治家;政客)
练习题:The ________ (politics) situation in the region has become more stable, and many ________ (politician) have praised the efforts of the international community.
答案:political; politicians
解析:第一空需形容词修饰situation,用political;第二空由many修饰,需politician的复数形式politicians,指“政治家们”。
4.【高频拓展】extend→extension extend(vt. 延长;延伸;扩大)→ extension(n. 延长;延期;延伸部分)
【高考真题链接】(2025·江苏卷):
She applied for an ________ (extend) of the deadline because she hadn't finished the report yet.
答案:extension
解析:不定冠词an后接名词,extension为extend的名词形式,意为“延期”,符合“申请截止日期延期”的语境。
5.【拓展】applaud→applause
applaud(vt.&vi. 鼓掌;称赞)→ applause(n. 掌声;喝彩,不可数名词)
练习题:The audience burst into warm ________ (applaud) when the pianist finished his performance.
答案:applause
解析:介词into后接名词,applause为applaud的名词形式,且为不可数名词,无复数变化,意为“掌声”。
6. 【易错拓展】mercy→merciful→merciless mercy(n. 仁慈;宽恕)→ merciful(adj. 仁慈的)→ merciless(adj. 无情的,反义词)
【高考真题链接】(2023·浙江卷):
The judge was ________ and gave the young offender a light sentence. A. mercy B. merciful C. merciless D. mercifully
答案:B
解析:句中缺少表语形容词,结合“轻判”可知需“仁慈的”含义,merciless为反义词“无情的”,A为名词,D为副词,均不符合语法及语义。
7.【拓展】migrate→migration migrate(vi. 迁移;移居)→ migration(n. 迁移;移居)
练习题:The ________ (migrate) of birds is a natural phenomenon that occurs every year.
答案:migration
解析:定冠词the后接名词,migration为migrate的名词形式,指“鸟类的迁徙”,符合语境。
三、重点短语(固定搭配+真题演练)
1. 【高频考点】set sail 起航;开航
【高考真题链接】(2024·全国乙卷):
The ancient fleet ________ from the port early in the morning, heading for distant lands.
答案:set sail
解析:句意为“古船队清晨从港口起航,驶向远方”。set sail为固定短语,此处描述过去事件,set用过去式(与原形同形)。
2.【高频考点】in hand 在手头;可供使用
短语辨析填空:With the necessary documents ________, we can start the application process immediately.
答案:in hand
解析:句意为“必要文件在手,我们可立即启动申请流程”。in hand强调“已持有”,区别于at hand(近在手边)、by hand(手工)。
3.【易错短语】withdraw from 退出;撤回;从……取出
搭配:withdraw from the competition 退出比赛;withdraw from the bank 从银行取款;withdraw a statement 撤回声明
【高考真题链接】(2024·新高考I卷):
The athlete had to ________ ________ the race due to a sudden injury.
答案:withdraw from
解析:句意为“这位运动员因突发伤病不得不退出比赛”。have to后接动词原形,withdraw from为固定短语,符合“退出赛事”的语境。
4.【高频短语】press conference 记者招待会;新闻发布会
搭配:hold a press conference 举行记者招待会;attend a press conference 出席记者招待会;at the press conference 在记者招待会上
【高考真题链接】(2023·全国乙卷):
The minister will answer questions from reporters at the ________ ________ this afternoon.
答案:press conference
解析:句意为“部长将在今天下午的记者招待会上回答记者提问”。press conference为固定名词短语,此处表特指,用原形即可。
5.【重点短语】in a league of one's own 独领风骚;水平出众(无人能及)
搭配:用于描述人或事物在某领域远超他人,主语可为人、作品、技术等
练习题:As a pianist, she is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________, as no one can match her skill and expression.
答案:in a league of her own
解析:句意为“作为钢琴家,她独领风骚,没人能比得上她的技巧与情感表达”。该短语为固定习语,结合主语she,所有格用her。
四、重点句型(结构解析+真题应用)
1. 【高频考点】There is an urgent need to do sth. 迫切需要做某事
【高考真题链接】(2025·新高考II卷):________ ________ ________ ________ ________ protect the endangered species before they disappear.
答案:There is an urgent need to
解析:句意为“在濒危物种消失前,迫切需要保护它们”。此句型为固定表达,“迫切需要”用urgent need,后接不定式作后置定语。
2.【易错提示】so that引导目的状语从句 (从句含情态动词can/could等,表“为了”)
练习题:We need to collect more data ________ we can make a more accurate analysis.
so that B. so C. because D. though
答案:A
解析:从句“we can make...”表目的“为了进行更精准的分析”,含情态动词can,用so that引导;so表结果,because表原因,though表让步,均不符合。