初中英语易混词汇深度辨析30组

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名称 初中英语易混词汇深度辨析30组
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初中英语易混词汇深度辨析30组
一、易混词汇深度辨析
1. ill, sick
辨析要点:ill 仅作表语;sick 可作定语或表语
例句:
He can’t go to the party because his mother is ill.(他不能去派对,因为他妈妈病了。)
We need to send the sick dog to the vet immediately.(我们得马上把这只生病的狗送到兽医那里。)
2. good, well
辨析要点:good 是形容词(修饰名词);well 通常是副词(修饰动词),仅指 “身体状况” 时作形容词
例句:
She is a good singer.(她是个好歌手。)
He plays the piano well.(他钢琴弹得好。)
— How are you — I’m well, thanks.(—— 你好吗?—— 我身体很好,谢谢。)
3. quiet, silent, still
辨析要点:
quiet:安静的(可发出轻微声音,侧重 “环境不嘈杂”);
silent:沉默的(不发出声音,可移动,侧重 “不说话”);
still:静止的(完全不动、无声响,侧重 “动作停止”)
例句:
Please keep quiet in the library.(图书馆里请保持安静。)
He remained silent during the meeting.(他在会议中一直保持沉默。)
Stay still while I take your photo, don’t move your head.(我给你拍照时保持不动,别晃头。)
4. able, capable
辨析要点:able 后接不定式(to do);capable 后接介词 of(of doing)
例句:
She is able to finish the project on time.(她能按时完成这个项目。)
He is capable of solving complex mathematical problems.(他有能力解决复杂的数学问题。)
5. almost, nearly
辨析要点:二者均表示 “几乎、差不多”,可互换,常与否定词连用
例句:
I almost missed the morning train.(我差点错过了早班火车。)
Nearly all the students passed the exam.(几乎所有学生都通过了考试。)
6. late, lately
辨析要点:late 是形容词 / 副词,表 “迟、晚”;lately 是副词,表 “最近、近来”
例句:
He arrived late for class.(他上课迟到了。)
Have you seen her lately (你最近见过她吗?)
7. living, alive, live, lively
辨析要点:
living:“活着的”,作前置定语(修饰人 / 物)或表语;
alive:“活着的”,作表语或后置定语(更强调 “存活状态”);
live:“活的(动物)”“现场的”,仅作前置定语或副词;
lively:“活泼的、生动的”,可作定语或表语
例句:
This is a rare living species in the world.(这是世界上一种稀有的现存物种。)
The old tree is still alive after the storm.(那棵古树在暴风雨后依然存活。)
There will be a live music performance in the square tonight.(今晚广场上会有现场音乐表演。)
Her lively personality makes her popular among classmates.(她活泼的性格让她在同学中很受欢迎。)
8. deep, deeply
辨析要点:deep 表 “具体的深”(如深度、空间);deeply 表 “抽象的深”(如情感、程度)
例句:
The river is 5 meters deep.(这条河有 5 米深。)
She was deeply moved by the story.(她被这个故事深深打动了。)
9. worth, worthy
辨析要点:二者均表 “值得”;worth 后接 doing(主动表被动);worthy 后接 to be done 或 of being done
例句:
It is worth visiting.(值得一游。)
It’s worthy to be visited. / It’s worthy of being visited.(值得一游。)
10. happy, glad
辨析要点:happy 表 “高兴、幸福”,可作定语或表语;glad 表 “高兴”,仅作表语
例句:
She has a happy family.(她有一个幸福的家庭。)
I’m glad to hear the good news.(听到这个好消息我很高兴。)
11. instead, instead of
辨析要点:instead 是副词,放句首或句末;instead of 是介词短语,放句中(后接名词 / 代词 /doing)
例句:
He didn’t see a film. Instead, he watched TV.(他没有去看电影。相反,他看了电视。)
He watched TV instead of seeing a film.(他看了电视而不是去看电影。)
12. raise, rise
辨析要点:raise 是及物动词(后接宾语),表 “提高、筹集、养育”;rise 是不及物动词(不接宾语),表 “上升、升起”
例句:
The company plans to raise salaries for all employees next year.(公司计划明年为所有员工提高薪水。)
The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
13. bring, take, carry, fetch
辨析要点:
bring:“拿来”(从别处带到说话人身边);
take:“带走”(从说话人身边带到别处);
carry:“随身携带”(无方向感,强调 “负重”);
fetch:“去取”(强调 “往返动作”:去 + 回)
例句:
Please bring me a glass of water when you come back.(你回来的时候请给我拿一杯水。)
She decided to take the old photo album to her grandfather.(她决定把这本旧相册带给她爷爷。)
He always carries a notebook to jot down interesting ideas.(他总是随身携带一个笔记本,用来记下有趣的想法。)
Could you fetch my umbrella from the office I left it there this morning.(你能去办公室把我的伞取来吗?我今天早上落在那儿了。)
14. join, join in, take part in
辨析要点:
join:“加入组织 / 人群”(成为一员),后接组织(如 club)或 sb.(和某人一起);
join in:“参加小型活动”(临时、即兴参与,如游戏);
take part in:“参加大型活动”(主动、积极投入,如会议、比赛)
例句:
He joined the Young Pioneers when he was in primary school.(他小学时加入了少先队。)
The children invited me to join in their hide-and-seek game.(孩子们邀请我加入他们的捉迷藏游戏。)
Many countries took part in the international climate conference.(许多国家参加了这次国际气候大会。)
15. learn, study
辨析要点:learn 侧重 “学习的结果”(学会、掌握);study 侧重 “学习的过程 / 研究”(投入时间学习)
例句:
She learned to play the guitar in three months.(她三个月就学会了弹吉他。)
He studies English every evening.(他每天晚上学习英语。)
16. want, hope, wish
辨析要点:
want:“想要、打算”,搭配 want to do /want sb. to do;
hope:“希望(可实现)”,搭配 hope to do /hope that…(that 可省略);
wish:“希望(难实现 / 虚拟)”,搭配 wish (sb.) to do /wish sb./sth. + 名词 /wish that…(从句用虚拟语气)
例句:
She wants her son to study hard and get good grades at school.(她希望儿子在学校努力学习,取得好成绩。)
We hope to finish the project this year.(我们希望今年完成这个项目。)
He wishes he could fly like a bird to travel around the world freely.(他希望自己能像鸟一样飞翔,自由地环游世界。)
17. discover, invent, find out
辨析要点:
discover:“发现”(本来存在但不为人知的事物);
invent:“发明”(本来不存在的事物);
find out:“查明、弄清楚”(通过努力得知真相 / 结果)
例句:
Scientists discovered a new species of marine life in the deep sea.(科学家们在深海发现了一种新的海洋生物物种。)
Edison invented the incandescent light bulb.(爱迪生发明了白炽灯。)
The police finally found out who stole the valuable painting.(警方终于查明了是谁偷走了那幅珍贵的画作。)
18. leave, leave for
辨析要点:leave 表 “离开(某地)”;leave for 表 “前往(某地)”
例句:
She didn’t want to leave her hometown where she spent her childhood.(她不想离开那个度过童年的家乡。)
They will leave for Paris tomorrow morning to start their two-week trip.(他们明天早上将前往巴黎,开始为期两周的旅行。)
He left Beijing for Shanghai.(他离开北京前往上海。)
19. rob, steal
辨析要点:rob 表 “抢劫”,搭配 rob sb. of sth.;steal 表 “偷”,搭配 steal sth. from sb.
例句:
A thief robbed the old man of his wallet.(一个小偷抢走了老人的钱包。)
Someone stole a phone from her bag.(有人从她包里偷走了一部手机。)
20. search, search for
辨析要点:search 表 “搜查(地点 / 范围)”,搭配 search + 地点;search for 表 “寻找(目标)”,搭配 search for + 目标 /search + 地点 + for + 目标
例句:
The police searched the building carefully after receiving the report.(警方接到报案后,仔细搜查了这栋大楼。)
He is searching for his phone.(他在找手机。)
He searched his pocket for money.(他在口袋里找钱。)
21. win, lose, beat
辨析要点:win 表 “赢(事物)”,后接比赛、奖品等;lose 是 win 的反义词,表 “输(事物)”;beat 表 “击败(人 / 团队)”,后接对象
例句:
We won the football match yesterday.(我们昨天赢了足球赛。)
They lost the game because of a mistake.(他们因为一个失误输了比赛。)
She beat all her opponents in the singing competition.(她在歌唱比赛中击败了所有对手。)
22. live on, live by
辨析要点:live on 表 “以…… 为主食”;live by 表 “靠…… 谋生”
例句:
They live on fish, and they live by fishing.(他们以鱼为主食,也靠捕鱼谋生。)
23. beat, hit, strike
辨析要点:
beat:“连续击打”(如心跳、打鼓);
hit:“对准击打”(强调一次性击中,如撞车、打人);
strike:“击打(一下或若干下)”(较正式,如闪电击中、罢工)
例句:
His heart beats fast when he is nervous.(他紧张时心跳得很快。)
She hit her head on the door.(她的头撞到了门上。)
The lightning struck the old tree last night.(昨晚闪电击中了那棵古树。)
24. be tired of, be tired with/from
辨析要点:be tired of 表 “厌烦……”(主观情绪);be tired with/from 表 “因…… 而累”(客观原因)
例句:
I am tired of listening to his complaints.(我厌烦了听他抱怨。)
She is tired from working all day.(她因工作了一整天而累了。)
25. care about, care for
辨析要点:
care about:“关心、在乎、计较”(多用于否定句,表 “在意某事 / 某人”);
care for:“关心、照料”(表 “照顾他人”)或 “喜欢、愿意”(表 “喜好”)
例句:
He doesn’t care about money.(他不在乎钱。)
She stays at home to care for her sick mother.(她在家照顾生病的妈妈。)
Would you care for a cup of tea (你想喝杯茶吗?)
26. catch a cold, have a cold
辨析要点:
catch a cold:“患上感冒”(瞬间动作,不可与表 “一段时间” 的状语连用);
have a cold:“处于感冒状态”(持续状态,可与表 “一段时间” 的状语连用)
例句:
He caught a cold when he traveled to the north.(他去北方旅行时感冒了。)
She has had a cold for a week.(她感冒了一个星期。)
27. change for, change into
辨析要点:change for 表 “调换成(同类事物)”;change into 表 “变成(不同状态 / 事物)”
例句:
Change the shirt for a bigger one.(把这件衬衫换成一件大一点的。)
Water changes into ice.(水变成冰。)
28. continue, last
辨析要点:二者均表 “持续”;continue 可用于主动或被动语态;last 仅用于主动语态,作形容词时表 “最后的”
例句:
The effect of this medicine can last up to 12 hours.(这种药物的药效可达 12 小时。)
The story is to be continued.(这个故事将继续。)
He continued his speech after a short break.(短暂休息后,他继续演讲。)
29. feed, raise
辨析要点:
feed:“喂养、养活”(侧重 “提供食物” 的即时动作,“养活” 需搭配 family/household 等);
raise:“饲养、养育、种植”(强调长期责任与培育过程,场景更正式)
例句:
She feeds her cat twice a day.(她每天喂两次猫。)
He works hard to feed his family.(他努力工作养家。)
They raise cows on their farm.(他们在农场养牛。)
Her parents raised her to be a kind person.(她的父母把她培养成一个善良的人。)
30. insist on, stick to
辨析要点:insist on 表 “坚持要求”,后接 doing;stick to 表 “坚持(原则、梦想等)”,后接 sth.
例句:
He insists on checking every detail of the plan to avoid mistakes.(他坚持要检查计划的每个细节,以免出错。)
No matter how difficult it gets, she sticks to her dream of becoming a doctor.(无论遇到多大困难,她都坚持自己当医生的梦想。)
二、易混词汇强化训练
(一)选词填空(从括号内选合适的词填空)
My grandmother has been ______ (ill / sick) for a month, so we need a ______ (ill / sick) nurse to look after her.
This movie is ______ (worth / worthy) watching. It’s also ______ (worth / worthy) of our attention.
He didn’t buy a new bike. ______ (Instead / Instead of), he repaired his old one. He chose to repair it ______ (instead / instead of) buying a new one.
The sun ______ (raises / rises) in the east. The government plans to ______ (raise / rise) the minimum wage next year.
She ______ (caught / had) a cold yesterday, and now she ______ (has caught / has had) it for a day.
(二)单项选择
— Did you ______ the singing competition
— Yes! We ______ all the other teams.
A. win; beat B. beat; win C. win; won D. beat; beat
My little sister is ______ of scary stories. She is ______ after listening to one.
A. tired; tired B. tired; tired of C. tired of; tired D. tired of; tired of
Please ______ me a pen when you come here, and ______ this book to the library when you go there.
A. bring; take B. take; bring C. carry; fetch D. fetch; carry
He ______ joining the English club because he wants to practice speaking. He ______ his decision even though his parents disagree.
sticks to; insists on B. insists on; sticks to
C. sticks to; sticks to D. insists on; insists on
Scientists ______ a new star last month. It was unknown to people before.
A. invented B. discovered C. found out D. looked for
(三)句子改错(找出错误并改正)
He is able of solving this problem by himself. (______ 改为 ______)
I hope my parents to buy me a new schoolbag. (______ 改为 ______)
The police searched for the house for the missing child.(______ 改为 ______)
She has caught a cold since last Monday. (______ 改为 ______)
They live by rice, and they live on farming. (______ 改为 ;改为 ______)
三、强化训练答案与解析
(一)选词填空
ill; sick(解析:ill 仅作表语,sick 可作定语修饰 nurse)
worth; worthy(解析:worth 后接 doing,worthy 后接 of + 名词)
Instead; instead of(解析:instead 放句首,instead of 放句中接 doing)
rises; raise(解析:rise 是不及物动词 “升起”,raise 是及物动词 “提高”)
caught; has had(解析:catch a cold 是瞬间动作,have a cold 是持续状态,与 for a day 连用)
(二)单项选择
A(解析:win 后接 “比赛”,beat 后接 “团队”,故选 A)
C(解析:be tired of 表 “厌烦”,be tired 表 “累”,故选 C)
A(解析:bring “拿来”(到说话人处),take “带走”(到别处),故选 A)
B(解析:insist on 后接 doing,stick to 后接名词(decision),故选 B)
B(解析:“发现未知的星星” 用 discover,invent 表 “发明”,find out 表 “查明”,故选 B)
(三)句子改错(找出错误并改正)
able of → able to(解析:able 后接 to do,capable 后接 of doing)
hope → want(解析:hope 不可接 sb. to do,want 可接 want sb. to do)
searched for → searched(解析:“搜查房子” 用 search + 地点,search for 后接 “寻找的目标”)
has caught → has had(解析:catch a cold 是瞬间动作,不可与 since 连用,用 have a cold 的持续形式)
live by → live on;live on → live by(解析:“以米饭为主食” 用 live on,“靠务农谋生” 用 live by)