英语 必修 第三册 WY
Section Ⅱ Using language
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．passive adj. 被动的
2．instance n. 例子，实例__
3．chemist n. 化学家
4．astronomer n. 天文学家
5．biologist n. 生物学家
6．Gregorian calendar 公历，阳历(自1582年起在西方使用的历法)
7．natural selection 自然选择
8．field research 实地研究，实地调研
9．radium n. 镭(一种化学元素)
10．Goldbach's Conjecture 哥德巴赫猜想
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．beyond prep. 无法……
2．significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的
3．injure v. 使受伤，弄伤
4．species n. 物种
5．extraordinary adj. 非凡的，出色的
6．brilliant adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的
7．theory n. 学说，理论
8．cure n. 药剂；疗法
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．accurate adj. 精确的→accurately adv. 精确地；准确地
2．minor adj. 小的→minority n. 少数，少数派；少数民族，少数群体 adj. 少数的；少数民族的
3．origin n. 起源，起因→original adj. 最初的；原来的；原创的→originally adv. 起初；原来
4．mental adj. 精神的；精神健康的→mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上→mentality n. 心态，思想状况
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
stream 熟义：n. 小河，小溪
生义：v. 流；鱼贯而行 n. (人/车)流；一连串
写出下面句子中的现在完成时的被动语态
1．Over time I have been changed quite a lot.have__been__changed
2．The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.has__been__discussed
3．The ink has not been removed from the clothes.has__not__been__removed
4．Have they been sent abroad to study English？Have__been__sent
5．Where has the car been repaired？has__been__repaired
——Language Points——
探究一 热词
1.beyond prep. 无法……；超出 adv. 在另一边；在(或向)更远处(教材P38)
beyond words/description 无法形容，难以言表 beyond question 毫无疑问 beyond belief 难以置信 beyond repair 无法修理 beyond one's control 超出某人的控制，不受某人的控制 beyond one's reach 够不着 beyond one's ability 超出某人的能力，在某人能力之外 be beyond sb 超出某人的想象/理解
【语境感知】
①Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow.
斯诺登山及其以远的山脉都被积雪覆盖。
②The beauty of the West Lake is beyond description.
西湖之美是无法形容的。
③Beyond question, the sky is blue during a clear day.
毫无疑问，晴朗的日子里天空是蓝色的。
④I understood in general what she was talking about, but some of the finer details were beyond me.
我大致知道她在说什么，但是一些更具体的细节没弄明白。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The adverse effect of excess alcohol is beyond question.
【学会表达】翻译句子
②我无法理解她为什么做出这个决定。
It's__beyond__me__why__she__made__this__decision.
③这个故事告诉我们，人们不应该做超出他们能力的事情。
This__story__tells__us__that__people__should__not__do__something__beyond__their__ability.
2.significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的(教材P38)
significance n. 重要性；意义 significantly adv. 意味深长地；有重大意义地；显著地 be significant for ... 对……是重要的 attach （great） significance to ... 认为……（很）重要 be of （no） significance （没）有意义
【语境感知】
①The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大的意义。
②She paused significantly before she answered.
她在回答之前意味深长地停顿了一下。
③Exercise is significant for maintaining good health.
运动对保持身体健康很重要。
④His absence from the meeting was of no significance to the outcome.
他缺席会议对会议结果没有影响。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The two sets of figures are not significantly (significant) different.
②In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance (significant) to the students' growth.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③水对地球上的生命至关重要。
Water__is__significant__for__life__on__Earth.
④随着时间的推移，人们非常重视教育。
With__time__going__by,__people__attach__great__significance__to__education.
3.injure v. 使受伤，弄伤(教材P38)
injured adj. 受伤的 injury n. 伤害；损害 injure ... badly/seriously/severely ……严重受伤 injure ... slightly ……轻微受伤 do oneself an injury 使某人自己受伤害 slight/serious/severe injuries 轻/重伤 the injured 伤员
【语境感知】
①He injured his leg badly in the accident.
在事故中他的腿受了重伤。
②Running without stretching can do oneself an injury.
不做拉伸的跑步会对自己造成伤害。
③The injured were rushed to the hospital in an ambulance.
救护车把伤员火速送往医院。
【易混辨析】injure/hurt/wound
injure injure比hurt正式，主要指在意外事故中受伤，也可指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失
hurt 意为“疼痛；受伤”，是普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害
wound 主要指刀伤、枪伤，多指在战斗中受伤
【学会运用】选词填空(injure/hurt/wound)
①Mummy！The shoes are too small！My feet hurt．
②The war ended, but the wounded were a big problem.
③If you go on at that rate, you will injure your health.
【学会表达】完成句子
④骑自行车时不戴头盔会使你受伤。
Not wearing a helmet while biking can do__yourself__an__injury．
4.cure n. 药剂；疗法；措施，对策 vt. 治愈；矫正，改正(教材 P41)
a cure for ... ……的疗法 take a cure 接受治疗 seek a cure 寻求治疗 cure sb of sth 治好某人的病；矫正某人的不良行为
【语境感知】
①It is possible that in the course of time a cure for cancer will be found.
随着时间的推移，有可能找到治疗癌症的方法。
②Scientists are seeking a cure for this disease.
科学家们正在寻找治疗这种疾病的方法。
③To my satisfaction, this medicine cured me of my cold.
让我满意的是，这种药治好了我的感冒。
【易混辨析】cure/treat/heal
cure 意为“治愈；治好”，可直接跟人或疾病搭配作宾语，也用于指对人的生活习惯的纠正、矫正等。与介词of搭配，强调结果
treat 强调“治疗”这一动作，只指治病，不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是疾病；人作宾语时，疾病常用for短语引出
heal 多用于治愈外伤，指伤口愈合
【学会运用】选词填空(cure/treat/heal)
①He was sent to hospital after the accident. Fortunately, it didn't take a long time for the wounds to heal. However, he still suffered from headache. The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but didn't cure him.
【学会表达】翻译句子
②这种药能治好你的病。
This__medicine__can__cure__you__of__your__illness.
③治疗无聊的最好方法是努力工作。
The__best__cure__for__boredom__is__hard__work.
5.accurate adj. 精确的→accurately adv. 精确地；准确地
【语境感知】
He made sure to provide accurate information, ensuring that all the details were recorded accurately in the report.
他确保提供准确的信息，保证所有细节都准确无误地记录在报告中。
6.minor adj. 小的→minority n. 少数，少数派；少数民族，少数群体 adj. 少数的；少数民族的
【语境感知】
The minority group had a minor representation in the meeting.
少数民族在会议上的代表人数很少。
7.origin n. 起源，起因→original adj. 最初的；原来的；原创的→originally adv. 起初；原来
【语境感知】
The origin of the painting is unknown, but it's believed to be an original piece, as it was originally attributed to a famous artist of that era.
这幅画的来源不详，但据信是一幅原作，因为它最初被认为是出自当时一位著名画家之手。
8.mental adj. 精神的；精神健康的→mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上→mentality n. 心态，思想状况
【语境感知】
His mental health problems affected his mentality, making him act mentally unstable at times.
他的精神健康问题影响了他的心态，使他有时表现得精神不稳定。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It's only a tiny minority (minor) of people who are causing the problem.
②I can't understand the mentality (mental) of people who hurt animals.
③That's a powerful lesson on how important it can be to accurately (accurate) communicate to each other.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④轻伤似乎并没有影响她的精神健康。
The__minor__injury__didn't__seem__to__affect__her__mental__health.
⑤这个想法的起源可以追溯到她笔记本上的一幅原始素描。
The__origin__of__the_idea_was_traced_back__to__an__original__sketch__in__her__notebook.
9.stream [熟义] n. 小河，小溪 [生义] v. 流；鱼贯而行 n. (人/车)流；一连串
【语境感知】
①A stream flowed gently down into the valley.
一条小溪缓缓地流进山谷。
②Tears streamed down his face.
泪水顺着他的脸往下流。
③People streamed across the bridge.
桥上行人川流不息。
④I've had a steady stream of visitors.
我的访客源源不断。
⑤The agency provided me with a steady stream of work.
这介绍所让我不断有活干。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①Blood streamed from a cut on her head. flowed__流
【学会表达】翻译句子
②这个旅游景点的游客络绎不绝。
This__tourist__attraction__has__a__stream__of__visitors.
——Grammar——
探究二 现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合。
语法点1 结构
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑问句式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ... ？
特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ... ？
①He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已经被选中参加运动会。
②The construction of the bridge has not been finished.
桥的建设还没有完成。
③Has the date for the next meeting been decided
下次会议的日期决定了吗？
④How long has the battery not been changed
电池多久没有更换了？
趁热打铁1
(1)句型转换
The children have already been told the good news.
①将上面的句子变为否定句。
The__children__haven't__been__told__the__good__news__yet.
②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。
Have__the__children__been__told__the__good__news__yet
③对上面句子中的The children进行提问。
Who__has__already__been__told__the__good__news
(2)完成句子
①很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。
I'm sorry, but the letters haven't__been__printed yet.
②这些电脑已被捐赠给当地的学校。
The computers have__been__given__away to the local school.
③从那时起，她就没来过信。
She hasn't__been__heard__from since then.
语法点2 用法
(1)现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
The machine has already been repaired.
机器已经被修好了。
(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
①Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
②How long has this film been shown
这部电影已经放映多长时间了？
(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业没完成之前，你不应该离开学校。
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already 已经； yet 仍然；还； recently/lately 最近； since then 从那时起； ever since 自那以来； ever 曾经； so far 到目前为止； for a long time 很长一段时间； by now 到现在为止； in recent years 在最近几年里； in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
趁热打铁2
(1)单句语法填空
①Recently Jack has__been__praised (praise) by his boss for his devotion, which is widely known.
②So far, a good place has__been__found (find) to build the temple.
③How to solve that technological problem hasn't__been__decided (not decide) yet.
(2)完成句子
①完成作业，我就回家。
I will go home when my homework has__been__finished．
②纸币已被使用了1，000多年了。
Paper money has__been__used__for__over__one__thousand__years．
语法点3 注意
(1)单宾语型的现在完成时的被动语态：只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
His boss has already punished him.
→He has already been punished (by his boss)．
(他的老板)已经惩罚了他。
(2)双宾语型的现在完成时的被动语态：带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．
最近，公司已经给了他去国外工作的机会。
趁热打铁3
将下面的句子变为被动语态
①I have asked her to help you.
→She__has__been__asked__to__help__you.
②We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years.
→Many__trees__have__been__planted__on__the__hill__in__the__last__5__years.
③He has sent me an e mail.
→I__have__been__sent__an__e mail.
→An__e mail__has__been__sent__to__me.
——Vocabulary——
一、构词法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
in 不，无；向内，使 instance,__injure, inform, insist, indoor
re 用于加强语气，重新，再次，回到，反向 replacement,__restart, refuse, review, return
ible 具有某种性质或特征 flexible,__possible, visible, sensible, credible
ant 表示人(执行，代理)；具有……性质的 significant,__brilliant, applicant, servant, participant
ion 表示行为，状态，结果 invention,__addition, solution, pollution, foundation
二、完成表格，体会科技发展给生活带来的变化
Before After
Transport horses, carriages, trains powered by steam engines electric vehicles, high speed__trains,__planes
Reading paper electronic__reading
Payment cash digital__payment
Entertainment play in the neighborhood surf__the__Internet,__play__computer__games
——Listening and Speaking——
一、听力微技能——话题拓宽与词汇积累
某一话题知识面过窄势必影响听力，因此要提升听力能力，务必拓宽话题覆盖面，增加相关词汇量。关于科学与科技发展的听力内容涉及以下几个方面：
1．科技发明与创新：介绍最新的科技发明，如人工智能、量子计算、生物技术等，并探讨它们对社会的影响。
2．科学发现与探索：讲述重要的科学发现，如黑洞、基因编辑、气候变化等，以及科学家们的探索历程。
3．科技应用与影响：探讨科技在医疗、教育、交通、环保等领域的应用及其带来的便利与挑战。
科技发展日新月异，平时要关注此方面的新闻和形式变化，增加相关词汇的积累，才能做到听时不慌，心中有数。
听力原文：
M：Hi, Prof. Lee! I'm really interested in your work on robotics. How do you think robots will change our lives in the future
W：Hi, Tom. Robots are becoming more advanced every day. They'll help us with tasks that are dangerous or boring, freeing up humans for more creative work.
M：That's cool! But what about self driving cars Are they really going to be everywhere soon
W：Yes, self driving cars are definitely on the rise. They'll make our roads safer and reduce traffic jams. But we still need to address some challenges like regulation and public acceptance.
M：I see. And what about space exploration Will we be able to travel to Mars soon
W：Traveling to Mars is definitely a long term goal. We're making progress in technology and understanding of the planet, but it's still a huge challenge. It'll take a lot of international cooperation and funding.
M：Thanks for sharing, Prof. Lee. I'm really inspired!
W：You're welcome, Tom. Keep following your passion for science and technology, and you'll go far.
1．What is Tom most interested in hearing about from Prof. Lee's work
A．Space exploration.
B．Self driving cars.
C．Robotics.
2．According to Prof. Lee, how will robots change our lives in the future
A．They'll replace all human jobs.
B．They'll help with dangerous and boring tasks.
C．They'll only be used in factories.
根据“I'm really interested in your work on robotics.”可知，最让Tom感兴趣的是机器人科学，故第1题选C；根据“Robots are becoming ... for more creative work.”可知，机器人的出现将人类从危险和无聊的工作中解放出来，可以让人类做更需要创造性才能的工作，故第2题选B。本篇对话包含了时下热点，如机器人的出现是否代替人类，无人驾驶汽车的出现对我们生活的影响，以及人类能否登陆火星。
二、对话表演
W：Hey, Bob! Did you know Albert Einstein's theory of relativity changed our understanding of space and time
M：Wow, really I heard he was a genius. What made him so special
W：He had a curious mind and didn't accept things at face value. He questioned everything and came up with new ideas.
M：That's amazing. Did he win any awards for his work
W：Yes, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. He's still remembered as one of the greatest scientists of all time.
M：Inspiring! I should read more about him. Thanks for sharing, Alice.
W：No problem, Bob. Learning about famous scientists can be really interesting.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义
(E)1.chemist A．n. 天文学家
(C)2.theory B．n. 例子，实例
(D)3.brilliant C．n. 学说，理论
(B)4.instance D．adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的
(A)5.astronomer E．n. 化学家
b.匹配下列短语的词义
(E)6.to date A.难以识别
(C)7.for instance B.以……命名
(A)8.beyond recognition C.例如
(D)9.be regarded as D.被视为
(B)10.name after E.迄今,到现在为止
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．biologist__ n. 生物学家
2．beyond prep. 无法……
3．stream n. 小河，小溪
4．origin n. 起源，起因
5．injure v. 使受伤，弄伤
6．extraordinary adj. 非凡的，出色的
7．minor adj. 小的
8．significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的
9．species n. 物种
10．accurate adj. 精确的
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．More than 100 famous films have__been__shown (show) in the city since July.
2．Since your work has__been__finished (finish), you can have a rest now.
3．Great changes have__taken (take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories have__been__set (set) up.
4．She is disturbed to hear you have__been__injured (injure) in the accident.
5．It's the first time that the old computer has__been__checked (check) since I bought it.
6．The shock of losing my purse cured me of all my former absent mindedness.
7．Firemen tried to free the injured and put out the blaze.
8．If you smell something unusual, gas fumes or burning, for instance, take the car to your mechanic.
Ⅳ.选词填空
mental, passive, significant, origin, brilliant, cure, accurate, minor
1．The gardens have recently been restored to their original glory.
2．Her mother was a brilliant scientist.
3．Students should do something to make themselves mentally strong.
4．Since 1985, more than 14 million patients have__been__cured．
5．Being humble means you have the ability to accurately assess your shortcomings.
6．Only a minority of young people play classical instruments.
7．His passive attitude made things easier for me.
8．There are some buildings which have historical significance to the locals.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．Now, it is__regarded__as__a__miracle (被认为是一个奇迹) in architectural history.
2．There is an urgent need to find a__cure__for__the__disease (治疗这种疾病的方法)．
3．The traffic jam was__beyond__my__control (我无法控制), so I was late.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．努力学习对取得好成绩很重要。(be significant for)
Studying__hard__is__significant__for__getting__good__grades.
2．这是我过去工作的办公室。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
This__is__the__office__in__which__I__used__to__work.
3．房子已经被漆成了新的颜色。(现在完成时的被动语态)
The__house__has__been__painted__in__a__new__color.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★★★
Ⅰ 完形填空
Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist of the 20th century, but also a gifted and enthusiastic (满腔热忱的) musician. He once said that if he hadn't been a scientist, he would have been a __1__. “Life without playing music is unthinkable for me，” he said. “I get most __2__ in life out of music.”
Einstein's mother was a talented pianist who __3__ music to life in the family home. Einstein began to learn the __4__ at the age of six, however, he worked hard until he __5__ the joys of Mozart's sonatas (奏鸣曲) at the age of 13. From that __6__ on, although he had no further lessons, his violin __7__ his companion (伴侣)．
When Einstein moved to Aarau in Switzerland in 1895 to complete his schooling, he seemed to have __8__ much of his time to music. Just before his 17th birthday, Einstein played at the music __9__ in the school, and the examiner reported that “a student called Einstein shone in the __10__ felt performance of one of the Beethoven sonatas”. In addition to his great __11__ in playing the violin, he also played the piano and, __12__， loved to improvise (即兴创作)．
In late life, Einstein's reputation (声誉) as a physicist often led to __13__ to perform at benefit concerts, which he generally accepted happily. Probably the __14__ of the violinist Einstein that comes nearest to the mark comes from his friend Janos Plesch，who wrote “There are many musicians with much __15__ skills, but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Einstein (爱因斯坦)不仅是19世纪杰出的科学家，还是一名有天赋且对音乐满腔热忱的音乐家，文章主要讲述他对音乐的热爱以及音乐技巧的高超。
1．A.physician B．musician
C．politician D．reporter
答案：B
解析：physician内科医生；musician音乐家；politician政治家；reporter记者。根据上文“Einstein was not only ... and enthusiastic (满腔热忱的) musician.”可知，此处指Einstein说过，如果他不是一名科学家，那么他可能会成为一名音乐家。故选B。
2．A.joy B．money
C．idea D．energy
答案：A
解析：joy乐趣；money钱；idea想法；energy精力。根据上文“Life without playing music is unthinkable for me”可知，音乐是Einstein生活中最大的乐趣。故选A。
3．A.played B．sent
C．created D．brought
答案：D
解析：play演奏；send派遣；create创造；bring带来。根据上文“Einstein's mother was a talented pianist”可知，Einstein的母亲把音乐带到了家庭生活中。故选D。
4．A.violin B．piano
C．knowledge D．game
答案：A
解析：violin小提琴；piano钢琴；knowledge知识；game游戏。根据下文“his violin __7__ his companion (伴侣)”可知，Einstein在6岁时开始学小提琴。故选A。
5．A.loved B．tracked
C．discovered D．confirmed
答案：C
解析：love热爱；track跟踪；discover发现；confirm确认。此处与上文中提到的音乐是Einstein生活中最大的乐趣相呼应，指他发现了莫扎特奏鸣曲的乐趣。故选C。
6．A.location B．space
C．access D．point
答案：D
解析：location位置；space空间；access通道；point时刻。根据上文“until he __5__ the joys of Mozart's sonatas (奏鸣曲) at the age of 13”可知，此处指从那个时刻起，小提琴一直陪伴他。故选D。
7．A.turned B．remained
C．appeared D．seemed
答案：B
解析：turn变成；remain保持；一直是；appear出现；seem似乎。根据上文“although he had no further lessons”可知，上下文是转折关系，所以是他的小提琴一直陪伴他。故选B。
8．A.devoted B．spent
C．lost D．wasted
答案：A
解析：devote投入；spend花(钱或时间)；lose失去；waste浪费。根据下文“much of his time to music”可知，此处指投入大量的时间在音乐上。故选A。
9．A.performance B．presentation
C．exhibition D．examination
答案：D
解析：performance表演；presentation仪式；exhibition展览；examination考试。根据下文“the examiner”可知，此处是指音乐考试。故选D。
10．A.hardly B．deeply
C．carelessly D．honestly
答案：B
解析：hardly几乎不；deeply深刻地；carelessly粗心地；honestly诚实地。根据下文“In addition to his great __11__ in playing the violin, he also played the piano”可知，Einstein的表演让人印象深刻。故选B。
11．A.skill B．patience
C．care D．courage
答案：A
解析：skill技巧；patience耐心；care关心；courage勇气。根据下文“he also played the piano and, __12__， loved to improvise (即兴创作)”可知，本句是在赞扬Einstein高超的音乐技巧。故选A。
12．A.after all B．in particular
C．at large D．by accident
答案：B
解析：after all毕竟；in particular尤其；at large一般说来；by accident偶然。根据上文“In addition to his great __11__ in playing the violin, he also played the piano”可知，此处指Einstein尤其热爱即兴创作。故选B。
13．A.contributions B．applications
C．invitations D．prizes
答案：C
解析：contribution贡献；application申请；invitation邀请；prize奖品。根据下文“perform at benefit concerts”可知，Einstein受邀去演奏。故选C。
14．A.reaction B．destination
C．summary D．instruction
答案：C
解析：reaction反应；destination目的地；summary总结；instruction用法说明。根据下文“There are many musicians ... sincerity or deeper feeling.”可知，这是对Einstein对音乐的热爱的总结。故选C。
15．A.broader B．funnier
C．wilder D．better
答案：D
解析：broader更广泛的；funnier更滑稽的；wilder更狂热的；better更好的。此处是Einstein和其他音乐家技巧的比较，指有许多音乐家的技巧比Einstein的更好。故选D。
Ⅱ 语法填空
Wax (蜡) printing is one of the ancient Chinese handicraft methods of producing dyed (染色的) cloth. Wax printing dates __1__ as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties.
There is an interesting story about __2__ wax printing was invented in Guizhou Province. __3__ is said that long, long ago, there was a girl __4__ (live) in a stone village. She enjoyed dyeing white cloth blue and purple. One day, while she was working, a bee happened to land on her cloth. After she took away the bee, she found __5__ obvious white dot left on the cloth, which looked very pretty. Her __6__ (discover) led to the use of wax in dyeing.
The wax printing technique __7__ (pass) down from generation to generation in Guizhou Province and spread __8__ (wide) across different regions ever since.
The process of wax printing is as follows: first draw some __9__ (image) of flowers, birds, fish or insects on a piece of white cloth, and then use a specially made knife like instrument __10__ (spread) melted wax in those designs as it hardens. Then put the cloth into an indigo dye bath so that the unwaxed parts take on the color. Wash the dyed cloth in boiling water and wait for the wax to melt, leaving clear patterns in white on a blue ground.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代生产染色布手工方法之一的蜡染，主要包括其历史、发明的故事和制作过程。
1．答案：from
解析：考查介词。句意：蜡染的历史可以追溯到秦汉时期。动词短语date from表示“追溯至”。故填from。
2．答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：关于蜡染是如何在贵州发明的，有一个有趣的故事。设空处引导宾语从句，设空处意为“怎样，如何”，在从句中作方式状语，应用how。故填how。
3．答案：It
解析：考查固定句型。固定句型it is said that ... 表示“据说……”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填It。
4．答案：living
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为there be句型，设空处应用非谓语动词，作a girl的后置定语，live和a girl之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填living。
5．答案：an
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一个明显的白点，应用不定冠词，且obvious的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
6．答案：discovery
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的Her可知，设空处应用名词discovery，意为“发现”。故填discovery。
7．答案：has been passed
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语ever since可知，应用现在完成时，pass down意为“传承”，和主语The wax printing technique之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been passed。
8．答案：widely
解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词spread，应用副词widely，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。
9．答案：images
解析：考查名词。设空处作draw的宾语，根据设空前的some可知，应用可数名词复数。故填images。
10．答案：to spread
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指用一种特制的刀状工具去涂融化的蜡。设空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to spread。
Ⅲ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“A nursing home would be safer, Dad，” Arlyn told her father, Jim.
“No way，” Jim interrupted. His wife passed away just a year before. At 91, he still wanted to remain in the cottage he and his wife had built.
Jim started experiencing an early sign of Alzheimer's disease. Arlyn found his decline was indeed all consuming. However, she herself was in her late sixties; her house was a 40 minute drive from the cottage. One day, when she read about a new eldercare service called Care Coach, it fueled her interest. For about $200 a month, a computerized avatar (化身) (controlled remotely by a human caregiver) would watch over a home－bound person 24 hours a day. She signed up immediately.
A week later, a tablet arrived. Following the instructions, Arlyn uploaded dozens of family pictures. Then an animated dog appeared on the screen. She presented the tablet to Jim, pointing to the screen pet, and said excitedly, “Here Dad. You have a new companion.” Jim, doubtful about the dog's service, knew he had to learn how to get along with the dog before Alzheimer's took hold.
Within a week, Jim and his dog, whom he named Pony, settled into a routine. Every 15 minutes or so, Pony would look for Jim calling his name if he was out of view. Sometimes Jim would “pet” to awake the sleeping Pony on screen. Pony reminded Jim which caretaker would be visiting to do the tasks: preparing meals, driving him to a senior center, etc. Pony would read poetry aloud or discuss the news. When Pony praised Jim's sweater, Jim repaid by petting Pony's screen with his finger sending hearts floating up from the dog's head. One evening when Arlyn came to visit her father as usual, she was amazed to find that Pony was holding up a photo of her late mum to her dad between its paws.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Jim stared at the photo fondly, with tears welling up in his eyes. Seeing the close bond between Pony and her dad, Arlyn felt a relief.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Arlyn (阿琳)为了照顾爸爸注册了一个新的老年护理服务——由人类远程控制，可以24小时监控居家的人。之后她收到一个平板，屏幕上有一只动画狗，Jim (吉姆)给动画狗取名为Pony (波尼)，Jim慢慢学会了如何与 Pony相处。一天晚上，Arlyn发现Pony的爪子上举着她妈妈的照片。看到已故妻子的照片后，Jim会有什么感觉呢？看到爸爸与Pony的相处，Arlyn又会有什么感受？
[精彩范文]
Jim stared at the photo fondly, with tears welling up in his eyes. Memories flashed through Jim's mind. It had been more than a year since his wife's death and hardly had he mentioned her anymore. That day, though, he gazed at the photo affectionately and declared emotionally, “I still love her.” Sensing Jim's sadness, Pony sent hearts to Jim on the screen and comforted him. Uplifted by Pony's loving remarks, Jim petted Pony's screen with his finger sending hearts floating up from the dog's head again. Pony responded with its tail wagging cheerfully. Arlyn sat in silence, with an illusion of slipping back to the old happy days.
Seeing the close bond between Pony and her dad, Arlyn felt a relief. She was amazed at Pony's heart warming service and her dad's fondness for Pony. Pony was more than just a virtual companion; rather, he had become a member of the family, a loyal friend who had helped them through the tough time. With time going by, Arlyn noticed the improvement in her father's cognitive ability and mood, and he got more engaged in conversations. Arlyn was grateful to Pony. Knowing that Pony was not a substitute for human interaction, she resolved to cherish every moment with her dad, for the presence of loved ones was crucial.
精深阅读
Have you ever imagined an insect inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery
Scientists have designed this small, “insect bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. It's 2 centimeters long, weighs less than 0.97 grams and can travel at a speed of 6 centimeters per second.It's the smaller, faster replacement to CLARI, which was designed by the same team.
“Because of the robot's small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas，” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said.These include disaster response, check on high value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment.
“In the long term, we hope such robots will be used more widely in moving through human bodies and performing surgeries that can't be easily done at present，” Jayaram said.With mCLARI, Jayaram's team is moving closer to creating robots that can fit in different environments—just like the insects they're inspired by.
The mCLARI robot has four legs and can move in narrow spaces by changing between running forward and side to side and can use different speeds in human bodies. Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. For example, its legs can be lengthened up to 50% in certain spaces.
As follow up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots，” Jayaram said.“And this is sure a great one step forward of the technology. The robot will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们设计了一款新的机器人，这款机器人可以在多个领域，尤其是外科手术中大显身手。
1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Possible application fields of the robot.
B．Different types of the robot.
C．Several important features of the robot.
D．Working process of the robot.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段“Because of the robot's small size ... medical treatment. (主要作者Kaushik Jayaram (考希克·贾亚拉姆)表示：‘由于这款机器人体型小，且能够改变形状，我们预计这项技术将在四个重要领域得到应用。’这些领域包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了这款机器人可能应用的领域。故选A。
2．Which of the following can best describe mCLARI
A．Valuable but uncontrollable.
B．Modern but high cost.
C．Heavy and time consuming.
D．Advanced and effective.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Scientists have designed this small ... to fit through gaps.”以及第三段“Because of the robot's small size ... medical treatment.”可知，科学家设计的这款机器人能够控制和改变形状以适应不同环境，预计在医疗等领域有广泛应用，由此可推知，它是先进且有效的。故选D。
3．What is Jayaram's attitude towards the robot
A．Worried. B．Positive.
C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘We are also excited about ... especially in medical treatment.’(Jayaram说：‘我们也很高兴能够了解形状变化对提高机器人功能的影响。这无疑是这项技术向前迈出的一大步。这款机器人将为人类带来更大的利益，特别是在医疗方面。’)”可推知，Jayaram对于这款机器人的前景抱有积极的态度。故选B。
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Jayaram: A Scientist Studying Robot Intelligence
B．mCLARI Is Already Widely Available in the Market
C．CLARI: A Robot Invented by Inspiration from the Insects
D．A Tiny Shape changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries
答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家设计的一种小型、可变形的机器人mCLARI，并指出它未来可能在医疗等领域的应用。因此D项(一种小型变形机器人将帮助实施外科手术)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．surgery n. 外科手术
2．gap n. 缝隙，缺口
3．replacement n. 替代品；替换物
4．response n. 反应，响应
5．enable v. 使能够，使可能
(二)高频短语
6．help out 帮助
7．at__a__speed__of 以……的速度
8．in the long term 从长远看
9．be__used__widely__in 被广泛应用于……
10．up__to 多达；直到
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．There are various treatments (treat) available for this condition.
12．The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene.
13．She was great with the children and fit in beautifully.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Each student's progress is closely monitored.监视
15．The smart bin can weigh the food. 称重
16．He had a narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice.勉强的
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．The company received praise for its efficient handling of the customer complaints. treatment
18．Traffic is bad, particularly in the city centre.especially
19．He was surprised at her strength. power
(六)长难句分析
20．Scientists have designed this small, “insect bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps.
句意：科学家们已经设计出了这款名为mCLARI的小型“昆虫机器人”，它能够在不同环境中穿行时控制甚至改变自己的身体形状以穿越狭窄的空间。
分析：主干是Scientists__have__designed__this__small,__“insect bot”；called mCLARI为过去分词短语作后置定语；that引导定语从句；as引导时间状语从句；to fit through gaps是不定式短语作目的状语。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．She's been off work because__of__sickness (由于疾病)．
22．Teachers will take the final decision, based__on__the__student's__previous__work (基于该学生之前的作品)．
(八)仿写句子
23．Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. (非限制性定语从句)
仿写：她在比赛中赢得了金牌，这让每个人都感到惊讶。
She__won__the__gold__medal__in__the__race,__which__surprised__everyone.
1(共108张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 3 The world of science
单元主题：人与社会——科技发展和科学精神
Section Ⅱ Using language
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．passive adj. _______
2．instance n. ____________
3．chemist n. ________
4．astronomer n. __________
5．biologist n. ___________
6．Gregorian calendar ___________ (自1582年起在西方使用的历法)
被动的
化学家
天文学家
生物学家
公历，阳历
例子，实例
7．natural selection __________
8．field research ____________________
9．radium n. _________________
10．Goldbach's Conjecture ______________
自然选择
实地研究，实地调研
镭(一种化学元素)
哥德巴赫猜想
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．_______ prep. 无法……
2．__________ adj. 重要的，影响深远的
3．______ v. 使受伤，弄伤
4．_______ n. 物种
5．____________ adj. 非凡的，出色的
6．________ adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的
7．______ n. 学说，理论
8．_____ n. 药剂；疗法
beyond
significant
injure
species
extraordinary
brilliant
theory
cure
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．________ adj. 精确的→__________ adv. 精确地；准确地
2．_______ adj. 小的→_________ n. 少数，少数派；少数民族，少数群体 adj. 少数的；少数民族的
3．_______ n. 起源，起因→________ adj. 最初的；原来的；原创的→__________ adv. 起初；原来
4．_______ adj. 精神的；精神健康的→_________ adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上→_________ n. 心态，思想状况
accurate
accurately
minor
minority
origin
original
originally
mental
mentally
mentality
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
stream 熟义：n. _____________
生义：v. 流；鱼贯而行 n. (人/车)流；一连串
小河，小溪
自主学习 课文语篇
写出下面句子中的现在完成时的被动语态
1．Over time I have been changed quite a lot. _________________
2．The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. _________________
3．The ink has not been removed from the clothes. ___________________
4．Have they been sent abroad to study English？_______________
5．Where has the car been repaired？_________________
have been changed
has been discussed
has not been removed
Have been sent
has been repaired
合作探究 课时重点
——Language Points——
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
beyond words/description 无法形容，难以言表
beyond question 毫无疑问
beyond belief 难以置信
1.beyond prep. 无法……；超出 adv. 在另一边；在(或向)更远处(教材P38)
beyond repair 无法修理
beyond one's control 超出某人的控制，不受某人的控制
beyond one's reach 够不着
beyond one's ability 超出某人的能力，在某人能力之外
be beyond sb 超出某人的想象/理解
【语境感知】
①Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow.
斯诺登山及其以远的山脉都被积雪覆盖。
②The beauty of the West Lake is beyond description.
西湖之美是无法形容的。
③Beyond question, the sky is blue during a clear day.
毫无疑问，晴朗的日子里天空是蓝色的。
④I understood in general what she was talking about, but some of the finer details were beyond me.
我大致知道她在说什么，但是一些更具体的细节没弄明白。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The adverse effect of excess alcohol is ________ question.
【学会表达】翻译句子
②我无法理解她为什么做出这个决定。
____________________________________________________________________
③这个故事告诉我们，人们不应该做超出他们能力的事情。
____________________________________________________________________
beyond
It's beyond me why she made this decision.
This story tells us that people should not do something beyond their ability.
significance n. 重要性；意义
significantly adv. 意味深长地；有重大意义地；显著地
be significant for ... 对……是重要的
attach （great） significance to ... 认为……（很）重要
be of （no） significance （没）有意义
2.significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的(教材P38)
【语境感知】
①The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大的意义。
②She paused significantly before she answered.
她在回答之前意味深长地停顿了一下。
③Exercise is significant for maintaining good health.
运动对保持身体健康很重要。
④His absence from the meeting was of no significance to the outcome.
他缺席会议对会议结果没有影响。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The two sets of figures are not ___________ (significant) different.
②In my view, practicing handwriting is of great ___________(significant) to the students' growth.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③水对地球上的生命至关重要。
____________________________________________________________________
④随着时间的推移，人们非常重视教育。
____________________________________________________________________
significantly
significance
Water is significant for life on Earth.
With time going by, people attach great significance to education.
injured adj. 受伤的
injury n. 伤害；损害
injure ... badly/seriously/severely ……严重受伤
injure ... slightly ……轻微受伤
do oneself an injury 使某人自己受伤害
slight/serious/severe injuries 轻/重伤
the injured 伤员
3.injure v. 使受伤，弄伤(教材P38)
【语境感知】
①He injured his leg badly in the accident.
在事故中他的腿受了重伤。
②Running without stretching can do oneself an injury.
不做拉伸的跑步会对自己造成伤害。
③The injured were rushed to the hospital in an ambulance.
救护车把伤员火速送往医院。
【易混辨析】injure/hurt/wound
injure injure比hurt正式，主要指在意外事故中受伤，也可指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失
hurt 意为“疼痛；受伤”，是普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害
wound 主要指刀伤、枪伤，多指在战斗中受伤
【学会运用】选词填空(injure/hurt/wound)
①Mummy！The shoes are too small！My feet ____．
②The war ended, but the _________ were a big problem.
③If you go on at that rate, you will ______ your health.
【学会表达】完成句子
④骑自行车时不戴头盔会使你受伤。
Not wearing a helmet while biking can __________________．
hurt
wounded
injure
do yourself an injury
a cure for ... ……的疗法
take a cure 接受治疗
seek a cure 寻求治疗
cure sb of sth 治好某人的病；矫正某人的不良行为
4.cure n. 药剂；疗法；措施，对策 vt. 治愈；矫正，改正(教材 P41)
【语境感知】
①It is possible that in the course of time a cure for cancer will be found.
随着时间的推移，有可能找到治疗癌症的方法。
②Scientists are seeking a cure for this disease.
科学家们正在寻找治疗这种疾病的方法。
③To my satisfaction, this medicine cured me of my cold.
让我满意的是，这种药治好了我的感冒。
【易混辨析】cure/treat/heal
cure 意为“治愈；治好”，可直接跟人或疾病搭配作宾语，也用于指对人的生活习惯的纠正、矫正等。与介词of搭配，强调结果
treat 强调“治疗”这一动作，只指治病，不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是疾病；人作宾语时，疾病常用for短语引出
heal 多用于治愈外伤，指伤口愈合
【学会运用】选词填空(cure/treat/heal)
①He was sent to hospital after the accident. Fortunately, it didn’t take a long time for the wounds to ____. However, he still suffered from headache. The doctor _______ his headache with a new drug but didn’t ____ him.
【学会表达】翻译句子
②这种药能治好你的病。
____________________________________________________________________
③治疗无聊的最好方法是努力工作。
____________________________________________________________________
heal
treated
cure
This medicine can cure you of your illness.
The best cure for boredom is hard work.
5.accurate adj. 精确的→__________ adv. 精确地；准确地
（二）拓展词
【语境感知】
He made sure to provide accurate information, ensuring that all the details were recorded accurately in the report.
他确保提供准确的信息，保证所有细节都准确无误地记录在报告中。
accurately
6.minor adj. 小的→__________ n. 少数，少数派；少数民族，少数群体 adj. 少数的；少数民族的
【语境感知】
The minority group had a minor representation in the meeting.
少数民族在会议上的代表人数很少。
minority
7.origin n. 起源，起因→_________ adj. 最初的；原来的；原创的→__________ adv. 起初；原来
【语境感知】
The origin of the painting is unknown, but it's believed to be an original piece, as it was originally attributed to a famous artist of that era.
这幅画的来源不详，但据信是一幅原作，因为它最初被认为是出自当时一位著名画家之手。
original
originally
【语境感知】
His mental health problems affected his mentality, making him act mentally unstable at times.
他的精神健康问题影响了他的心态，使他有时表现得精神不稳定。
8.mental adj. 精神的；精神健康的→_________ adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上→___________ n. 心态，思想状况
mentally
mentality
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It's only a tiny _________(minor) of people who are causing the problem.
②I can't understand the _________(mental) of people who hurt animals.
③That's a powerful lesson on how important it can be to __________ (accurate) communicate to each other.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④轻伤似乎并没有影响她的精神健康。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤这个想法的起源可以追溯到她笔记本上的一幅原始素描。
____________________________________________________________________
minority
mentality
accurately
The minor injury didn’t seem to affect her mental health.
The origin of the idea was traced back to an original sketch in her notebook.
（三）熟词生义
【语境感知】
①A stream flowed gently down into the valley.
一条小溪缓缓地流进山谷。
②Tears streamed down his face.
泪水顺着他的脸往下流。
9.stream [熟义] n. 小河，小溪
[生义] v. ______________
n. ___________________
流；鱼贯而行
(人/车)流；一连串
③People streamed across the bridge.
桥上行人川流不息。
④I've had a steady stream of visitors.
我的访客源源不断。
⑤The agency provided me with a steady stream of work.
这介绍所让我不断有活干。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①Blood streamed from a cut on her head. __________
【学会表达】翻译句子
②这个旅游景点的游客络绎不绝。
____________________________________________________________________
flowed 流
This tourist attraction has a stream of visitors.
——Grammar——
探究二 现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合。
语法点1 结构
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑问 句式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ... ？
特殊疑问 句式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ... ？
①He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已经被选中参加运动会。
②The construction of the bridge has not been finished.
桥的建设还没有完成。
③Has the date for the next meeting been decided
下次会议的日期决定了吗？
④How long has the battery not been changed
电池多久没有更换了？
趁热打铁1
(1)句型转换
The children have already been told the good news.
①将上面的句子变为否定句。
____________________________________________________________________
②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。
____________________________________________________________________
③对上面句子中的The children进行提问。
____________________________________________________________________
The children haven't been told the good news yet.
Have the children been told the good news yet
Who has already been told the good news
(2)完成句子
①很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。
I’m sorry, but the letters __________________ yet.
②这些电脑已被捐赠给当地的学校。
The computers ____________________ to the local school.
③从那时起，她就没来过信。
She ____________________ since then.
haven’t been printed
have been given away
hasn’t been heard from
(1)现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
The machine has already been repaired.
机器已经被修好了。
语法点2 用法
(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
①Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
②How long has this film been shown
这部电影已经放映多长时间了？
(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业没完成之前，你不应该离开学校。
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already 已经； yet 仍然；还； recently/lately 最近； since then 从那时起； ever since 自那以来； ever 曾经； so far 到目前为止； for a long time 很长一段时间； by now 到现在为止； in recent years 在最近几年里； in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
趁热打铁2
(1)单句语法填空
①Recently Jack _______________(praise) by his boss for his devotion, which is widely known.
②So far, a good place ______________ (find) to build the temple.
③How to solve that technological problem __________________(not decide) yet.
has been praised
has been found
hasn’t been decided
(2)完成句子
①完成作业，我就回家。
I will go home when my homework _______________．
②纸币已被使用了1，000多年了。
Paper money ___________________________________．
has been finished
has been used for over one thousand years
(1)单宾语型的现在完成时的被动语态：只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
His boss has already punished him.
→He has already been punished (by his boss)．
(他的老板)已经惩罚了他。
语法点3 注意
(2)双宾语型的现在完成时的被动语态：带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．
最近，公司已经给了他去国外工作的机会。
趁热打铁3
将下面的句子变为被动语态
①I have asked her to help you.
→___________________________
②We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years.
→__________________________________________________
③He has sent me an e mail.
→_______________________
→___________________________
She has been asked to help you.
Many trees have been planted on the hill in the last 5 years.
I have been sent an e mail.
An e mail has been sent to me.
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
in ________；向内，使 _________, injure, inform, insist, indoor
re 用于加强语气，________ ______________ ____________, restart, refuse, review, return
ible 具有某种______或______ ________, possible, visible, sensible, credible
ant 表示____ (执行，代理)；________________ __________, brilliant, applicant, servant, participant
ion 表示__________________ __________, addition, solution, pollution, foundation
——Vocabulary——
一、构词法
不，无
重新，再
次，回到，反向
性质
instance
replacement
特征
flexible
具有……性质的
significant
行为，状态，结果
invention
人
Before After
Transport horses, carriages, trains powered by steam engines electric ehicles,_______________, planes
Reading paper ＿_____________
Payment cash _______________
Entertainment play in the neighborhood _______________________________
high speed trains
electronic reading
digital payment
surf the Internet, play computer games
二、完成表格，体会科技发展给生活带来的变化
一、听力微技能——话题拓宽与词汇积累
某一话题知识面过窄势必影响听力，因此要提升听力能力，务必拓宽话题覆盖面，增加相关词汇量。关于科学与科技发展的听力内容涉及以下几个方面：
1．科技发明与创新：介绍最新的科技发明，如人工智能、量子计算、生物技术等，并探讨它们对社会的影响。
2．科学发现与探索：讲述重要的科学发现，如黑洞、基因编辑、气候变化等，以及科学家们的探索历程。
——Listening and Speaking——
3．科技应用与影响：探讨科技在医疗、教育、交通、环保等领域的应用及其带来的便利与挑战。
科技发展日新月异，平时要关注此方面的新闻和形式变化，增加相关词汇的积累，才能做到听时不慌，心中有数。
听力原文：
M：Hi, Prof. Lee! I'm really interested in your work on robotics. How do you think robots will change our lives in the future
W：Hi, Tom. Robots are becoming more advanced every day. They'll help us with tasks that are dangerous or boring, freeing up humans for more creative work.
M：That's cool! But what about self driving cars Are they really going to be everywhere soon
W：Yes, self driving cars are definitely on the rise. They'll make our roads safer and reduce traffic jams. But we still need to address some challenges like regulation and public acceptance.
M：I see. And what about space exploration Will we be able to travel to Mars soon
W：Traveling to Mars is definitely a long term goal. We're making progress in technology and understanding of the planet, but it's still a huge challenge. It'll take a lot of international cooperation and funding.
M：Thanks for sharing, Prof. Lee. I'm really inspired!
W：You're welcome, Tom. Keep following your passion for science and technology, and you'll go far.
1．What is Tom most interested in hearing about from Prof. Lee's work
A．Space exploration.
B．Self driving cars.
C．Robotics.
2．According to Prof. Lee, how will robots change our lives in the future
A．They’ll replace all human jobs.
B．They’ll help with dangerous and boring tasks.
C．They’ll only be used in factories.
根据“I'm really interested in your work on robotics.”可知，最让Tom感兴趣的是机器人科学，故第1题选C；根据“Robots are becoming ... for more creative work.”可知，机器人的出现将人类从危险和无聊的工作中解放出来，可以让人类做更需要创造性才能的工作，故第2题选B。本篇对话包含了时下热点，如机器人的出现是否代替人类，无人驾驶汽车的出现对我们生活的影响，以及人类能否登陆火星。
二、对话表演
W：Hey, Bob! Did you know Albert Einstein's theory of relativity changed our understanding of space and time
M：Wow, really I heard he was a genius. What made him so special
W：He had a curious mind and didn't accept things at face value. He questioned everything and came up with new ideas.
M：That's amazing. Did he win any awards for his work
W：Yes, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. He's still remembered as one of the greatest scientists of all time.
M：Inspiring! I should read more about him. Thanks for sharing, Alice.
W：No problem, Bob. Learning about famous scientists can be really interesting.
对点练习 巩固所学
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词的词义
( )1.chemist A．n. 天文学家
( )2.theory B．n. 例子，实例
( )3.brilliant C．n. 学说，理论
( )4.instance D．adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的
( )5.astronomer E．n. 化学家
E
C
D
B
A
b.匹配下列短语的词义
( )6.to date A.难以识别
( )7.for instance B.以……命名
( )8.beyond recognition C.例如
( )9.be regarded as D.被视为
( )10.name after E.迄今,到现在为止
E
C
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ n. 生物学家
2．_______ prep. 无法……
3．______ n. 小河，小溪
4．______ n. 起源，起因
5．______ v. 使受伤，弄伤
6．____________ adj. 非凡的，出色的
7．______ adj. 小的
8．__________ adj. 重要的，影响深远的
9．_______ n. 物种
10．________ adj. 精确的
biologist
beyond
stream
origin
injure
extraordinary
minor
significant
species
accurate
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．More than 100 famous films _______________(show) in the city since July.
2．Since your work _______________(finish), you can have a rest now.
3．Great changes __________ (take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories ____________ (set) up.
4．She is disturbed to hear you ________________(injure) in the accident.
5．It's the first time that the old computer ______________(check) since I bought it.
have been shown
has been finished
have taken
have been set
have been injured
has been checked
6．The shock of losing my purse cured me ____ all my former absent mindedness.
7．Firemen tried to free ____ injured and put out the blaze.
8．If you smell something unusual, gas fumes or burning, ___ instance, take the car to your mechanic.
of
the
for
Ⅳ.选词填空
1．The gardens have recently been restored to their _______ glory.
2．Her mother was a _______ scientist.
3．Students should do something to make themselves ________ strong.
4．Since 1985, more than 14 million patients ______________．
5．Being humble means you have the ability to ________ assess your shortcomings.
6．Only a ________ of young people play classical instruments.
7．His _______ attitude made things easier for me.
8．There are some buildings which have historical __________ to the locals.
mental, passive, significant, origin, brilliant, cure, accurate, minor
original
brilliant
mentally
have been cured
accurately
minority
passive
significance
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．Now, it ____________________ (被认为是一个奇迹) in architectural history.
2．There is an urgent need to find __________________ (治疗这种疾病的方法)．
3．The traffic jam ____________________(我无法控制), so I was late.
is regarded as a miracle
a cure for the disease
was beyond my control
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．努力学习对取得好成绩很重要。(be significant for)
____________________________________________________________________
2．这是我过去工作的办公室。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________
3．房子已经被漆成了新的颜色。(现在完成时的被动语态)
____________________________________________________________________
Studying hard is significant for getting good grades.
This is the office in which I used to work.
The house has been painted in a new color.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比40%) 拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★★★
Ⅰ 完形填空
Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist of the 20th century, but also a gifted and enthusiastic (满腔热忱的) musician. He once said that if he hadn't been a scientist, he would have been a __1__. “Life without playing music is unthinkable for me，” he said. “I get most __2__ in life out of music.”
Einstein's mother was a talented pianist who __3__ music to life in the family home. Einstein began to learn the __4__ at the age of six, however, he worked hard until he __5__ the joys of Mozart's sonatas (奏鸣曲) at the age of 13. From that __6__ on, although he had no further lessons, his violin __7__ his companion (伴侣)．
When Einstein moved to Aarau in Switzerland in 1895 to complete his schooling, he seemed to have __8__ much of his time to music. Just before his 17th birthday, Einstein played at the music __9__ in the school, and the examiner reported that “a student called Einstein shone in the __10__ felt performance of one of the Beethoven sonatas”. In addition to his great __11__ in playing the violin, he also played the piano and, __12__， loved to improvise (即兴创作)．
In late life, Einstein's reputation (声誉) as a physicist often led to __13__ to perform at benefit concerts, which he generally accepted happily. Probably the __14__ of the violinist Einstein that comes nearest to the mark comes from his friend Janos Plesch，who wrote “There are many musicians with much __15__ skills, but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Einstein (爱因斯坦)不仅是19世纪杰出的科学家，还是一名有天赋且对音乐满腔热忱的音乐家，文章主要讲述他对音乐的热爱以及音乐技巧的高超。
1．A.physician B．musician
C．politician D．reporter
解析：physician内科医生；musician音乐家；politician政治家；reporter记者。根据上文“Einstein was not only ... and enthusiastic (满腔热忱的) musician.”可知，此处指Einstein说过，如果他不是一名科学家，那么他可能会成为一名音乐家。故选B。
2．A.joy B．money
C．idea D．energy
解析：joy乐趣；money钱；idea想法；energy精力。根据上文“Life without playing music is unthinkable for me”可知，音乐是Einstein生活中最大的乐趣。故选A。
3．A.played B．sent
C．created D．brought
解析：play演奏；send派遣；create创造；bring带来。根据上文“Einstein's mother was a talented pianist”可知，Einstein的母亲把音乐带到了家庭生活中。故选D。
4．A.violin B．piano
C．knowledge D．game
解析：violin小提琴；piano钢琴；knowledge知识；game游戏。根据下文“his violin __7__ his companion (伴侣)”可知，Einstein在6岁时开始学小提琴。故选A。
5．A.loved B．tracked
C．discovered D．confirmed
解析：love热爱；track跟踪；discover发现；confirm确认。此处与上文中提到的音乐是Einstein生活中最大的乐趣相呼应，指他发现了莫扎特奏鸣曲的乐趣。故选C。
6．A.location B．space
C．access D．point
解析：location位置；space空间；access通道；point时刻。根据上文“until he __5__ the joys of Mozart's sonatas (奏鸣曲) at the age of 13”可知，此处指从那个时刻起，小提琴一直陪伴他。故选D。
7．A.turned B．remained
C．appeared D．seemed
解析：turn变成；remain保持；一直是；appear出现；seem似乎。根据上文“although he had no further lessons”可知，上下文是转折关系，所以是他的小提琴一直陪伴他。故选B。
8．A.devoted B．spent
C．lost D．wasted
解析：devote投入；spend花(钱或时间)；lose失去；waste浪费。根据下文“much of his time to music”可知，此处指投入大量的时间在音乐上。故选A。
9．A.performance B．presentation
C．exhibition D．examination
解析：performance表演；presentation仪式；exhibition展览；examination考试。根据下文“the examiner”可知，此处是指音乐考试。故选D。
10．A.hardly B．deeply
C．carelessly D．honestly
解析：hardly几乎不；deeply深刻地；carelessly粗心地；honestly诚实地。根据下文“In addition to his great __11__ in playing the violin, he also played the piano”可知，Einstein的表演让人印象深刻。故选B。
11．A.skill B．patience
C．care D．courage
解析：skill技巧；patience耐心；care关心；courage勇气。根据下文“he also played the piano and, __12__， loved to improvise (即兴创作)”可知，本句是在赞扬Einstein高超的音乐技巧。故选A。
12．A.after all B．in particular
C．at large D．by accident
解析：after all毕竟；in particular尤其；at large一般说来；by accident偶然。根据上文“In addition to his great __11__ in playing the violin, he also played the piano”可知，此处指Einstein尤其热爱即兴创作。故选B。
13．A.contributions B．applications
C．invitations D．prizes
解析：contribution贡献；application申请；invitation邀请；prize奖品。根据下文“perform at benefit concerts”可知，Einstein受邀去演奏。故选C。
14．A.reaction B．destination
C．summary D．instruction
解析：reaction反应；destination目的地；summary总结；instruction用法说明。根据下文“There are many musicians ... sincerity or deeper feeling.”可知，这是对Einstein对音乐的热爱的总结。故选C。
15．A.broader B．funnier
C．wilder D．better
解析：broader更广泛的；funnier更滑稽的；wilder更狂热的；better更好的。此处是Einstein和其他音乐家技巧的比较，指有许多音乐家的技巧比Einstein的更好。故选D。
Ⅱ 语法填空
Wax (蜡) printing is one of the ancient Chinese handicraft methods of producing dyed (染色的) cloth. Wax printing dates __1__ as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties.
There is an interesting story about __2__ wax printing was invented in Guizhou Province. __3__ is said that long, long ago, there was a girl __4__ (live) in a stone village. She enjoyed dyeing white cloth blue and purple. One day, while she was working, a bee happened to land on her cloth. After she took away the bee, she found __5__ obvious white dot left on the cloth, which looked very pretty. Her __6__ (discover) led to the use of wax in dyeing.
The wax printing technique __7__ (pass) down from generation to generation in Guizhou Province and spread __8__ (wide) across different regions ever since.
The process of wax printing is as follows: first draw some __9__ (image) of flowers, birds, fish or insects on a piece of white cloth, and then use a specially made knife like instrument __10__ (spread) melted wax in those designs as it hardens. Then put the cloth into an indigo dye bath so that the unwaxed parts take on the color. Wash the dyed cloth in boiling water and wait for the wax to melt, leaving clear patterns in white on a blue ground.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代生产染色布手工方法之一的蜡染，主要包括其历史、发明的故事和制作过程。
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
解析：考查介词。句意：蜡染的历史可以追溯到秦汉时期。动词短语date from表示“追溯至”。故填from。
1．答案：from
2．答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：关于蜡染是如何在贵州发明的，有一个有趣的故事。设空处引导宾语从句，设空处意为“怎样，如何”，在从句中作方式状语，应用how。故填how。
解析：考查固定句型。固定句型it is said that ... 表示“据说……”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填It。
3．答案：It
4．答案：living
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为there be句型，设空处应用非谓语动词，作a girl的后置定语，live和a girl之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填living。
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一个明显的白点，应用不定冠词，且obvious的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
5．答案：an
6．答案：discovery
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的Her可知，设空处应用名词discovery，意为“发现”。故填discovery。
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语ever since可知，应用现在完成时，pass down意为“传承”，和主语The wax printing technique之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been passed。
7．答案：has been passed
8．答案：widely
解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词spread，应用副词widely，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。
解析：考查名词。设空处作draw的宾语，根据设空前的some可知，应用可数名词复数。故填images。
9．答案：images
10．答案：to spread
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指用一种特制的刀状工具去涂融化的蜡。设空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to spread。
Ⅲ 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“A nursing home would be safer, Dad，” Arlyn told her father, Jim.
“No way，” Jim interrupted. His wife passed away just a year before. At 91, he still wanted to remain in the cottage he and his wife had built.
Jim started experiencing an early sign of Alzheimer's disease. Arlyn found his decline was indeed all consuming. However, she herself was in her late sixties; her house was a 40 minute drive from the cottage. One day, when she read about a new eldercare service called Care Coach, it fueled her interest. For about $200 a month, a computerized avatar (化身) (controlled remotely by a human caregiver) would watch over a home－bound person 24 hours a day. She signed up immediately.
A week later, a tablet arrived. Following the instructions, Arlyn uploaded dozens of family pictures. Then an animated dog appeared on the screen. She presented the tablet to Jim, pointing to the screen pet, and said excitedly, “Here Dad. You have a new companion.” Jim, doubtful about the dog's service, knew he had to learn how to get along with the dog before Alzheimer's took hold.
Within a week, Jim and his dog, whom he named Pony, settled into a routine. Every 15 minutes or so, Pony would look for Jim calling his name if he was out of view. Sometimes Jim would “pet” to awake the sleeping Pony on screen. Pony reminded Jim which caretaker would be visiting to do the tasks: preparing meals, driving him to a senior center, etc. Pony would read poetry aloud or discuss the news. When Pony praised Jim's sweater, Jim repaid by petting Pony's screen with his finger sending hearts floating up from the dog's head. One evening when Arlyn came to visit her father as usual, she was amazed to find that Pony was holding up a photo of her late mum to her dad between its paws.
Jim stared at the photo fondly, with tears welling up in his eyes. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Seeing the close bond between Pony and her dad, Arlyn felt a relief.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Arlyn (阿琳)为了照顾爸爸注册了一个新的老年护理服务——由人类远程控制，可以24小时监控居家的人。之后她收到一个平板，屏幕上有一只动画狗，Jim (吉姆)给动画狗取名为Pony (波尼)，Jim慢慢学会了如何与 Pony相处。一天晚上，Arlyn发现Pony的爪子上举着她妈妈的照片。看到已故妻子的照片后，Jim会有什么感觉呢？看到爸爸与Pony的相处，Arlyn又会有什么感受？
[精彩范文]
Jim stared at the photo fondly, with tears welling up in his eyes. Memories flashed through Jim's mind. It had been more than a year since his wife's death and hardly had he mentioned her anymore. That day, though, he gazed at the photo affectionately and declared emotionally, “I still love her.” Sensing Jim's sadness, Pony sent hearts to Jim on the screen and comforted him. Uplifted by Pony's loving remarks, Jim petted Pony's screen with his finger sending hearts floating up from the dog's head again. Pony responded with its tail wagging cheerfully. Arlyn sat in silence, with an illusion of slipping back to the old happy days.
Seeing the close bond between Pony and her dad, Arlyn felt a relief. She was amazed at Pony's heart warming service and her dad's fondness for Pony. Pony was more than just a virtual companion; rather, he had become a member of the family, a loyal friend who had helped them through the tough time. With time going by, Arlyn noticed the improvement in her father's cognitive ability and mood, and he got more engaged in conversations. Arlyn was grateful to Pony. Knowing that Pony was not a substitute for human interaction, she resolved to cherish every moment with her dad, for the presence of loved ones was crucial.
Have you ever imagined an insect inspired robot, which weighs less than a gram, could one day help out in surgery
Scientists have designed this small, “insect bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps. It's 2 centimeters long, weighs less than 0.97 grams and can travel at a speed of 6 centimeters per second.It's the smaller, faster replacement to CLARI, which was designed by the same team.
精深阅读
“Because of the robot's small size and ability to change shape, we expect usage of this technology in four important areas，” the lead author Kaushik Jayaram said.These include disaster response, check on high value objects, environmental monitoring and medical treatment.
“In the long term, we hope such robots will be used more widely in moving through human bodies and performing surgeries that can't be easily done at present，” Jayaram said.With mCLARI, Jayaram's team is moving closer to creating robots that can fit in different environments—just like the insects they're inspired by.
The mCLARI robot has four legs and can move in narrow spaces by changing between running forward and side to side and can use different speeds in human bodies. Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. For example, its legs can be lengthened up to 50% in certain spaces.
As follow up work, the scientists want to give mCLARI more power and sensing ability while helping the surgeries. “We are also excited about understanding the effect of shape change on improving functions of robots，” Jayaram said.“And this is sure a great one step forward of the technology. The robot will bring greater benefits to mankind, especially in medical treatment.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们设计了一款新的机器人，这款机器人可以在多个领域，尤其是外科手术中大显身手。
1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Possible application fields of the robot.
B．Different types of the robot.
C．Several important features of the robot.
D．Working process of the robot.
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段“Because of the robot's small size ... medical treatment. (主要作者Kaushik Jayaram (考希克·贾亚拉姆)表示：‘由于这款机器人体型小，且能够改变形状，我们预计这项技术将在四个重要领域得到应用。’这些领域包括灾难响应、检查高价值物品、环境监测和医疗。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了这款机器人可能应用的领域。故选A。
2．Which of the following can best describe mCLARI
A．Valuable but uncontrollable.
B．Modern but high cost.
C．Heavy and time consuming.
D．Advanced and effective.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Scientists have designed this small ... to fit through gaps.”以及第三段“Because of the robot's small size ... medical treatment.”可知，科学家设计的这款机器人能够控制和改变形状以适应不同环境，预计在医疗等领域有广泛应用，由此可推知，它是先进且有效的。故选D。
3．What is Jayaram's attitude towards the robot
A．Worried. B．Positive.
C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘We are also excited about ... especially in medical treatment.’(Jayaram说：‘我们也很高兴能够了解形状变化对提高机器人功能的影响。这无疑是这项技术向前迈出的一大步。这款机器人将为人类带来更大的利益，特别是在医疗方面。’)”可推知，Jayaram对于这款机器人的前景抱有积极的态度。故选B。
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Jayaram: A Scientist Studying Robot Intelligence
B．mCLARI Is Already Widely Available in the Market
C．CLARI: A Robot Invented by Inspiration from the Insects
D．A Tiny Shape changing Robot Will Help Perform Surgeries
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家设计的一种小型、可变形的机器人mCLARI，并指出它未来可能在医疗等领域的应用。因此D项(一种小型变形机器人将帮助实施外科手术)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．surgery n. __________
2．gap n. ____________
3．___________ n. 替代品；替换物
4．_________ n. 反应，响应
5．_______ v. 使能够，使可能
外科手术
缝隙，缺口
replacement
response
enable
(二)高频短语
6．help out ______
7．___________ 以……的速度
8．in the long term __________
9．_________________ 被广泛应用于……
10．______ 多达；直到
帮助
at a speed of
从长远看
be used widely in
up to
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．There are various __________ (treat) available for this condition.
12．The stage lighting gives the effect ___ a moonlit scene.
13．She was great with the children and fit __ beautifully.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Each student's progress is closely monitored.______
15．The smart bin can weigh the food. ______
16．He had a narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice.________
treatments
of
in
监视
称重
勉强的
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．The company received praise for its efficient handling of the customer complaints. _________
18．Traffic is bad, particularly in the city centre.__________
19．He was surprised at her strength. ______
treatment
especially
power
especially， treatment， power
(六)长难句分析
20．Scientists have designed this small, “insect bot” called mCLARI that can control and even change its body shape as it travels in different environments to fit through gaps.
句意：科学家们已经设计出了这款名为mCLARI的小型“昆虫机器人”，它能够在不同环境中穿行时控制甚至改变自己的身体形状以穿越狭窄的空间。
分析：主干是________________________________________；called mCLARI为过去分词短语作__________；that引导______从句；as引导__________从句；to fit through gaps是不定式短语作__________。
Scientists have designed this small, “insect bot”
后置定语
定语
时间状语
目的状语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．She's been off work _________________(由于疾病)．
22．Teachers will take the final decision, _______________________________(基于该学生之前的作品)．
(八)仿写句子
23．Its legs are joined to its body through joints (关节), which enables mCLARI to change its body shape based on the environment it is in. (非限制性定语从句)
仿写：她在比赛中赢得了金牌，这让每个人都感到惊讶。
____________________________________________________________________
based on the student's previous work
She won the gold medal in the race, which surprised everyone.
because of sickness
