英语 必修 第三册 WY
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．tube n. 管子
2．the Tube (伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁
3．typhoon n. 台风
4．landslide n. 山崩，滑坡
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．disaster n. 灾难，灾祸
2．occur v. 发生
3．announcement n. 通告，公告
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．erupt v. (火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n. 喷发；爆发
2．immediately adv. 即刻，马上→immediate adj. 立刻的，即时的；目前的，紧迫的
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
plus 熟义： adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余
生义：prep. 加；外加，而且 n. 加号，正号；优势；好处
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
pick__up 拿起，拾起，捡起
课文三维剖析
Hot! Hot! Hot!
热！热！热！
Picking up a free newspaper1 at the Tube station, I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot！”. Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees2! The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. It's going to be awful on the Central Line, with no air conditioning. Why did they have to invent the Tube before air conditioning It3's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as4 one of the deepest. It's the hottest on the whole Tube system. 在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，我看到一个标题写着“热！热！热！”。今天，伦敦的温度预计将达到30多度！7月的平均最高温度只有22度，所以超过30度对于伦敦来说太不寻常了。地铁中央线没有空调系统，情况会很糟糕。为什么地铁要在空调系统之前发明出来？我通常上班所走的路线刚好是地铁里最老、最深的一条线。那也是整个地铁系统里最热的一条线。 Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform5 is like jumping into a volcano that6's erupting. This, however, is nothing compared to the train. Because there's no air conditioning, the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees! It's lovely at the beach, but7 not so8when9 you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers! I'm sure the passenger next to me and10 I are melting and becoming one! I had bacon and eggs for breakfast, and now I'm feeling a bit sick—I hope I can make it to Bank station ... I'll avoid the feeling by thinking about work11. I work in a tall, glass building. One very hot summer, the sun reflected off it and12 melted cars parked below13! Will this happen again today 1现在分词短语作时间状语；Picking ... ＝After I pick ... 2不定式短语作主语补足语；expect sb/sth to do sth中的to do sth 是宾语补足语 3It作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句 4连接one__of__the__oldest__lines和one__of__the__deepest 5动名词短语作主语 6引导定语从句，修饰a__volcano 7连接两个并列分句 8前面省略了it's 9引导时间状语从句 10连接并列成分the__passenger和I 11动名词短语作宾语 12连接并列谓语 13过去分词短语作后置定语
果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。不过这还远远比不上车厢里面。因为没有空调，车厢内的温度能达到35度！这样的温度在海滩上会很舒服，但是当你穿着西装挤在一群乘客中，可就没那么舒服了。我敢肯定邻座的乘客和我都正在熔化，我们要融为一体了！我早餐吃了培根和鸡蛋，现在感觉有点恶心——希望我能撑到银行站……我还是想想工作的事来逃避这种感觉吧。我在一座高高的玻璃建筑里上班。有一年夏天非常热，大楼表面反射的阳光竟然熔化了停在楼下的车！今天这种事会重演吗？
Yes, each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared. Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future14 I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a boat. That way, when15 the Thames rises and there is a flood in London, I'll still be able to get to work. But wait! Would I still have a workplace to go to My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low16. I'll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! I'll join a beginner's swimming class immediately. Then I'll be able to survive even when17 the tall buildings are flooded. 14动词不定式短语作后置定语 15引导时间状语从句 16前面省略了it's 17引导时间状语从句
没错，好像伦敦的夏天一年比一年热。我突然觉得有点儿害怕。也许是时候该为将来打算了？我或许应该把房子在市场上卖掉，然后买一艘船。这样等泰晤士河的水涨起来，伦敦被洪水淹没的时候，我依然能去上班。不过等等！到那时候我还有地方工作吗？我的办公室就在四楼，太低了。我得去跟经理请求搬到顶楼去。最重要的是，我得学会游泳！我得马上报个游泳入门班。这样就算高楼大厦都被洪水淹没了，我也能活下来。
Looking through my newspaper18, I'm shocked by photos showing19 that20 a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town. What's more21, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides, and the heat across Southern Europe22 has caused forest fires. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. Now that23 it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ... 18现在分词短语作时间状语 19现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰photos 20引导宾语从句 21插入语 22介词短语作后置定语，修饰the__heat 23引导原因状语从句
我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。还有，东欧的暴雨造成了山体滑坡，席卷南欧的热浪引发了森林火灾。专家说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。这样的新闻让我感到紧张。既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……
“The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement.24 That's my destination. Stepping out of the station25 with a heavy heart, I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all, it's only 30 degrees outside! 24完全倒装句，谓语位于主语前面 25现在分词短语作时间状语
“下一站，银行站！”报站声响起。我要到站了。我心情沉重地走出地铁站，突然感觉到一阵清风扑面而来。罢了罢了，也许是我担心得太多了。毕竟外面才只有30度！
阅读领悟
(一)读课文，完成表格
Locations Feelings Causes
At the Tube station (Para.1) awful no 1.air__conditioning the 2.hottest on the whole Tube system
Inside the Tube (Para.2) 3.a__bit__sick 4.melting__and__becoming__one with the other passengers
In the Tube (Para.3) 5.a__bit__scared He worries about the future and wonders if he will still have a 6.workplace to go to.
The news in the newspaper (Para.4) shocked and 7.nervous A 8.typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town; heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides; the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.
After walking out of the Tube (Para.5) 9.relaxed and refreshed 10.a__fresh__wind on his face
(二)分析课文，选择正确答案
1．Which is not the author's plan for the future in Paragraph 3
A．To put his flat on the market.
B．To buy a boat.
C．To move to the first floor.
D．To learn to swim.
答案：C
2．What is the type of this passage
A．Introduction.
B．Narration.
C．Argumentation.
D．News report.
答案：B
3．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The journey in London.
B．The Tube system in London.
C．A crowded situation.
D．The extreme weather conditions.
答案：D
(三)问题链
1．How does the author develop the passage
The__passage__is__developed__in__the__order__of__space.
2．Why is the author shocked when looking through his newspaper
He__is__shocked__by__photos__showing__natural__disasters__and__destruction.
3．What does “a heavy heart” mean in the last paragraph
To__express__the__author's__worries__about__weather__conditions__of__London.
探究一 热词
1.occur v. 发生；(想法、主意在某人脑海中)突然出现(教材P84)
sth occurs to sb 某人想到某事 It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到要做某事 It occurs to sb that ... 某人想到……
【语境感知】
①I hope this won't occur again.
我希望不要再发生这种事情。
②The idea occurred to him in a flash, as bright as a shooting star across the night sky.
那个想法在他脑海中一闪而过，就像夜空中划过的流星一样明亮。
③It occurs to me that every challenge we face is an opportunity for growth and self discovery.
我突然想到，我们面临的每一个挑战都是成长和自我发现的机遇。
【易混辨析】occur/happen/take place/break out
occur 不及物动词，可指某事偶然发生或者按计划进行，可与happen互换，但比较正式。表示“某人想到某事”时，用sth occurs to sb
happen 不及物动词，特指某事偶然发生。表示“某人发生了某事”，要用sth happens to sb; happen to do sth 表示“碰巧做某事”
take place 多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如举办活动、发生变化等
break out 多指自然灾害、战争、疾病的爆发
以上这些表示“发生”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态
【学会运用】选词填空(occur/happen/take place/break out)
①An earthquake broke__out last month.
②Great changes have__taken__place here since last year.
③The accident happened/occurred at about 10 o'clock.
④She hoped nothing bad would happen to her husband.
⑤A wonderful plan occurred to her.
【学会表达】翻译句子
⑥他突然想到，最简单的善举可能对别人的生活产生最深远的影响。
It__occurs__to__him__that__the__simplest__acts__of__kindness__can__have__the__most__profound__impact__on__others'__lives.
2.announcement n. 通告，公告(教材P84)
announce v. 宣布，宣告（决定、计划等） announcer n. 广播员；播音员 make an announcement 宣布；发布通知 announce sth （to sb） （向某人）宣布/通告某事 announce that ... 宣布……；通知…… It is/was announced that ... 据宣布……
【语境感知】
①The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。
②One day with a basket of vegetables, he announced to us that he was going to cook a delicious dish.
一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。
动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth to sb或announce to sb sth。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①They officially announced the news to the reporters.
②Today's announcement (announce) of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion.
【学会表达】完成句子
③部长在记者招待会上发布了这个公告。
The minister made__the__announcement at a news conference.
④会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。
At the end of the meeting, it__was__announced__that an agreement had been reached.
⑤政府昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作岗位的计划。
The government yesterday announced__to__the__media plans to create a million new jobs.
3.erupt v. (火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n. 喷发；爆发
【语境感知】
The volcanoes were erupting at that time, and these eruptions produced a lot of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which lowered the amount of oxygen in the air.
当时火山正在喷发，这些喷发产生了大量的二氧化碳和其他温室气体，从而降低了空气中的氧气量。
4.immediately adv. 即刻，马上→immediate adj. 立刻的，即时的；目前的，紧迫的
【语境感知】
The manager requested an immediate solution, and the team responded immediately.
经理要求立即解决问题，团队立即做出了回应。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Her manner immediately (immediate) set everyone at their ease.
②The eruption (erupt) of an active volcano is a terrible phenomenon.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③火山喷发的消息立即传开了，引起了居民的恐慌。
The__news__of__the__eruption__spread__immediately,__causing__panic__among__residents.
5.plus [熟义]adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余 [生义]prep. 加；外加，而且 n. 加号，正号；优势；好处
【语境感知】
①The work will cost ￡10，000 plus.
这项工作将耗资万余英镑。
②Two plus five is seven.
二加五等于七。
③He put a plus instead of a minus.
他填了个加号而不是减号。
④Knowledge of French is a plus in her job.
通晓法语对她的工作有好处。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①Language ability seems a plus for many women. advantage__优势
【学会表达】翻译句子
②只有35名员工，却要为3万多位顾客服务。
There__are__only__35__staff__to__serve__30，000 plus__customers.
探究二 短语
6.pick up 拿起，拾起，捡起(教材P82)
pick up 拿起，拾起，捡起；(用车)接某人；接收，收听(节目，电台)；(偶然)学会(语言、技能等)；好转，病后恢复(健康、体力等) pick out 挑出，选出
【语境感知】
①The phone rang and rang and nobody picked it up.
电话铃响了又响，但没人接。
②I'll pick you up at five.
我五点钟来接你。
③We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.
我们能收听英国广播公司国际广播节目。
④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
令人惊奇的是，你弟弟这么快就学会了俄语——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。
⑤Pick out the good apples and throw away the rest.
挑出好的苹果，将其余的扔掉。
pick up词义虽多变，口诀巧记挺简单：拿起捡起开车接，接收收听开视野；好转改善又增强，偶然学会不要忘。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The boy picked up the hat for the old man.
②I have been picked out to represent the whole team.
【学会表达】完成句子
③昨晚我收听了福建台。
I picked__up Fujian on the radio last night.
④稍微锻炼就能让病人康复。
A bit of exercise will pick__the__patient__up．
⑤明天我会去你家接你。
I'll pick__you__up at your home tomorrow.
探究三 长难句分析
7.It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.(教材P82) 我通常上班所走的路线刚好是地铁里最老、最深的一条线。
【分析】 as well as意为“不但……(而且……)，既……(又……)；和；也”，用于连接并列成分。 as well as的用法： 连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与as well as前的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循就远原则 表示“除……之外(还)”，相当于besides, in addition to等 也可以是well的同级比较结构，表示“和……一样好”
【语境感知】
①The mind as well as the body needs exercise.
大脑同身体一样需要锻炼。
②The Chinese nation includes more than 50 national minorities as well as the Hans.
中华民族除了汉族外，还包括五十多个少数民族。
③She doesn't play as well as her sister.
她演奏得不如她姐姐好。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Lucy as well as I is (be) going to go shopping this Sunday.
【学会表达】翻译句子
②他演奏流行音乐和爵士乐，同时也演奏古典音乐。
He__plays__classical__music,__as__well__as__pop__and__jazz.
③约翰弹钢琴和杰克一样好。
John__plays__the__piano__as__well__as__Jack.
8.Well, maybe I have been worrying too much.(教材P84) 罢了罢了，也许是我担心得太多了。
【分析】 have been worrying是现在完成进行时。 现在完成进行时： 表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性，常与for, since构成的时间状语连用 表示动作的反复性 表示某种感彩
【语境感知】
①I have been teaching English for almost twenty years.
我教英语已经将近20年了。
②They have been discussing the matter several times this year.
今年他们已经讨论那件事好几次了。
③Who has been eating my apples
谁总是吃我的苹果？
表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 我认识他已经好几年了。 I have known him for years. (√) I have been knowing him for years. (×)
【易混辨析】现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复 感彩
现在完成进行时 表示动作的持续 可表示动作的反复 可表示强烈的感彩
现在完成时 表示动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 不表示动作的反复 一般不含有感彩
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He went to the library after breakfast and has__been__writing (write) his essay there ever since.
②The girl has a great interest in sport and has__been__taking (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
③In order to find the missing child, villagers have__been__doing (do) all they can over the past five hours.
④I have__been__writing (write) the book, but I still haven't__finished (not finish) it.
【学会表达】翻译句子
⑤他们整个下午都在公园里踢足球。
They__have__been__playing__football__in__the__park__all__the__afternoon.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词和词块的词义
(E)1.landslide A．(伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁
(C)2.tube B．n. 温度，气温
(D)3.typhoon C．n. 管子
(B)4.temperature D．n. 台风
(A)5.the Tube E．n. 山崩，滑坡
b.匹配下列短语的词义
(E)6.deal with A．拿起，拾起，捡起
(C)7.be expected to do sth B．浏览
(A)8.pick up C．预计做某事
(D)9.(be) compared to D．与……相比
(B)10.look through E．应对
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．immediately adv. 即刻，马上
2．announcement n. 通告，公告
3．plus adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余
4．destination n. 目的地，终点，目标
5．occur v. 发生
6．definitely adv. 肯定地，当然；明确地，确定地
7．disaster n. 灾难，灾祸
8．reflect v. 反射(光、热或声音)；反映
9．average adj. 普通的，平常的；平均的
10．erupt v. (火山)爆发，喷发
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．We must take positive steps to deal with the problem.
2．It never occurred to him that the tropical violent thunderstorms would cause so terrifying waves.
3．The thieves felt scared (scare) and ran away.
4．I believe I have the talent to make it．
5．She is a typical (type) teenager, always complaining about her parents' rules.
6．While walking (walk) in the park, I saw my old friend, Mary.
7．The couple complained about the high cost of visiting Europe.
8．The whole experience was definitely (definite) more positive than negative.
Ⅳ.选词填空
announce, occur, plus, erupt, immediate, shock, below, condition
1．There were a lot of pluses in the performance.
2．From the top of the skyscraper the cars below us looked like insects.
3．He made the announcement in a speech on television.
4．She was deeply hurt and shocked by what Smith had said.
5．The area where the explosion occurred was closed off by police.
6．Volcanic ash showered down on the town after the eruption．
7．She shut her eyes and fell asleep immediately．
8．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．I picked__up__a__piece__of__wood (拿起一块木头) and started carving.
2．Prices are__expected__to__rise (预计增长) even higher this year.
3．I need to look__through__my__notes (浏览我的笔记) before the exam to make sure I understand everything.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．雨已经下了两个小时了。(现在完成进行时)
It__has__been__raining__for__two__hours.
2．我和他们一样准备好帮助你。(as well as)
I__as__well__as__they__am__ready__to__help__you.
3．听到掌声，我感到我的心兴奋得怦怦直跳。(现在分词短语作状语)
Hearing__the__applause,__I__felt__my__heart__was__pounding__with__excitement.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems and the effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for years. Droughts aren't new, but Earth's rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.
The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious situation. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. The dry conditions have killed millions of farm animals and destroyed the crops of farmers.
The drought is causing energy problems in Europe, too. The low water levels have cut the amount of hydroelectric power that can be produced. Some rivers are so low that the heavy boats that carry coal can't travel on them.
Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard. California has put limits on water use across the state. Now water is being limited in other places. When there are water limits, farmers aren't able to grow as many crops. That can drive up food prices, and that affects everyone.
China is facing similar problems. The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China's longest river. That has cut the amount of energy produced by the world's largest dam by 40%.
China hasn't been able to produce enough energy, since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool. The government is calling on the public to turn off the air conditioner when it is not too hot. The country is trying to make it rain by shooting chemicals into clouds. But this is an uncertain and temporary response.
There are no easy solutions to any of these droughts. It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control. For now, governments and people will need to carefully manage water supplies and other resources to limit the damage as much as possible.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了干旱给世界各地带来的问题。
1．What has been affected by droughts according to the passage
A．Technology. B．Transportation.
C．Education. D．Tourism.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，干旱导致有些河流水位降低，从而影响运输。故选B。
2．What measures have been taken to deal with droughts in China
A．Bringing water from other countries.
B．Finding replacement for rain water.
C．Limiting the use of drinking water.
D．Controlling the use of electricity.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“China hasn't been able to ... when it is not too hot.”可知，中国通过控制用电来应对干旱。故选D。
3．How might the author feel about the fight against drought
A．Concerned. B．Satisfied.
C．Disappointed. D．Optimistic.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There are no easy solutions ... get it under control. (这些干旱都没有简单的解决办法。气候危机的产生历时多年，要控制气候危机也需要很长时间。)”可推知，作者对与旱灾的斗争充满担忧。故选A。
4．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Worldwide Droughts Appeared as New Problems
B．China Is Also Facing the Serious Drought Problem
C．Droughts Cause Problems Around the World
D．Many Reasons Lead to the Drought Problem
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了干旱给非洲之角、欧洲、加州、亚利桑那州和中国等多地带来的问题，C项(干旱在世界各地造成问题)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
The wrong donations end up costing charities precious dollars just to store leftovers (积压物资), which is why clothing may not be the best use of your donation efforts. __1__
Think of the children. Children's needs are important during disasters. As families influenced by a disaster try to protect their children from the effects, they try to provide children with toys, snacks, juices, candies, and other comfort items, particularly in post disaster environments. __2__ Shelters will accept these donations and give them out properly.
Donate your skills to your community. If you are trained in disaster response, you can contact your local emergency services and the Red Cross to see if they need volunteers. Let them know your abilities. __3__ Do not go as an individual volunteer to a disaster area expecting to find ways to help.
__4__ Time and comfort are the two most important things you can give for free. Spend time listening to the victims (受灾群众) with an understanding ear. You can bring books and read to the children.
Become a volunteer now for the future. Besides donating money, volunteering is the best way to give. __5__ The Red Cross and charity organizations prefer a trained group of volunteers who can jump into action. They don't have the resources to train during the disasters.
A．Donate to an organization you can trust.
B．These items are expensive to transport to shelters.
C．Spend time caring for families and individuals at shelters.
D．Then, they will follow up if they are in need of volunteers.
E．However, you have to begin this process long before any disaster hits.
F．Turn your dollars into toys and entertainment choices for kids of all ages.
G．Here are some tips you can follow to help people in need in the most wise ways.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何给灾区人们提供帮助提出了一些实用的建议。
1．答案：G
解析：根据上文“The wrong donations end up ... your donation efforts.”可知，错误的捐赠只会花费慈善机构宝贵的金钱来储存积压的物资，再结合下文提到的四个建议可推知，设空处应给人们一些捐赠或帮助有需要的人的建议。G项(这里有一些建议你可以采纳，以用最明智的方式来帮助那些有需要的人。)符合语境。故选G。
2．答案：F
解析：根据上文“As families influenced by a disaster ... in post disaster environments.(当受灾的家庭努力保护孩子不受影响时，他们尽量给孩子们提供玩具、零食、果汁、糖果或其他带来安慰的物品，尤其是在灾后的环境中。)”可知，F项(把你的钱变成适合各年龄段孩子的玩具和娱乐选择。)承接上文。故选F。
3．答案：D
解析：上文“If you are trained ... if they need volunteers.”提到如果你接受过灾难应对方面的培训，你可以与当地的应急服务机构和红十字会取得联系，看他们是否需要志愿者。D项(然后，如果他们需要志愿者，他们就会继续跟进。)承接上文。故选D。
4．答案：C
解析：设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Time and comfort ... with an understanding ear.”可知，本段主要建议花时间和受灾的人待在一起，陪伴他们度过艰难时刻。C项(花时间照顾避难所的家庭和个人。)符合语境。故选C。
5．答案：E
解析：上文“Become a volunteer ... the best way to give.”提到为了未来，现在就成为一名志愿者。除了捐钱，做志愿者是最好的给予方式。E项(然而，你必须在灾难发生之前就开始这个过程。)承接上文，其中的this process指代上文提到的Become a volunteer。故选E。
Ⅲ 完形填空
Earthquakes are common; thousands of them happen each day. But most are too __1__ to feel. During a big earthquake, there is often a great noise first. Then the earth __2__ terribly and many houses fall down. Railway tracks break and trains go __3__ lines; a great many factories are __4__； thousands of deaths are caused, and many more lose homes. __5__ the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake __6__， other disasters such as fires often __7__. More buildings are destroyed and more deaths caused.
Man knows the __8__ of a possible earthquake, and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes. More than 2，000 years ago, __9__， a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng, __10__ a machine which could find out from which direction the seismic waves had come, and this machine is still __11__ by scientists today. Now we know much more about earthquakes and __12__ they happen, but we still cannot __13__ exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannot prevent it from happening. So earthquakes are among the __14__ disasters in the world.
No one can stop natural earthquakes. __15__， scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震会给人们带来很大的灾难，但人类仍然不知道究竟在何时何地会发生地震，并不能阻止这一切的发生。
1．A.extreme B．weak
C．frightening D．frequent
答案：B
解析：extreme极端的；weak弱的；frightening令人害怕的；frequent频繁的。根据上文“Earthquakes are common ... But most are too”可知，上下文存在转折关系，此处表示虽然地震很常见，但大多数地震震感都很弱，以至于感觉不到。故选B。
2．A.moves B．shakes
C．jumps D．breaks
答案：B
解析：move移动；shake晃动；jump跳；break破坏。根据下文“terribly and many houses fall down”以及常识可知，发生大地震时，地面会剧烈晃动。故选B。
3．A.off B．on
C．into D．behind
答案：A
解析：根据上文“Railway tracks break and trains go”可知，此处表示铁轨断裂，火车偏离轨道。故选A。
4．A.burst B．struck
C．destroyed D．buried
答案：C
解析：burst爆发；strike袭击；destroy摧毁；bury掩埋。根据上文“Railway tracks break and trains go __3__ lines; a great many factories are”可知，此处讲述地震造成的破坏，许多工厂被摧毁。故选C。
5．A.Except B．Besides
C．Instead of D．Because of
答案：B
解析：except除了；besides除了……还；instead of代替；because of因为。根据下文“the great damage ... fires often __7__”可知，此处表示除了地震本身造成的损失和死亡之外，还会引起别的灾难。故选B。
6．A.lonely B．later
C．themselves D．itself
答案：D
解析：根据上文“__5__ the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake”以及下文“other disasters such as fires often __7__”可知，此处强调地震本身造成的破坏，应用itself表示“它自己”。故选D。
7．A.follow B．copy
C．come D．enter
答案：A
解析：follow跟随；copy模仿；come来；enter进入。根据上文“__5__ the great damage ... fires often”以及下文“More buildings are destroyed and more deaths caused.”可知，地震不仅会带来巨大的破坏和死亡，也会使得其他灾害伴随而来。故选A。
8．A.answers B．questions
C．dangers D．frights
答案：C
解析：根据上文“__5__ the great damage ... more deaths caused.”可知，此处表示人们了解可能发生地震的危险。故选C。
9．A.as a result B．in fact
C．for example D．as well
答案：C
解析：as a result结果；in fact事实上；for example例如；as well也。根据下文“a Chinese scientist ... by scientists today”可知，此处举例说明人们一直在研究地震。故选C。
10．A.invented B．discovered
C．found D．bought
答案：A
解析：根据下文“a machine which ... had come”以及语境可知，这种仪器之前不存在，是张衡发明的。故选A。
11．A.improved B．repaired
C．protected D．used
答案：D
解析：improve提高；repair修理；protect保护；use使用。根据下文“by scientists today”可知，此处表示科学家现在仍然在使用张衡发明的仪器。故选D。
12．A.where B．when
C．what D．why
答案：D
解析：根据下文“they happen ... will happen”可知，人类还不知道地震发生的准确时间和地点，但已经对为什么会发生地震有了更多的了解。故选D。
13．A.persuade B．tell
C．express D．point
答案：B
解析：persuade说服；tell确切地判断；辨别；express表达；point指向。根据上文“Now we know ... they happen”以及下文“exactly when and where an earthquake will happen”可知，人类已经对地震发生的原因有了更多的了解，但仍无法确切地判断地震发生的时间和地点。故选B。
14．A.worst B．best
C．most D．fastest
答案：A
解析：根据上文“but we still cannot ... it from happening”可知，人类无法准确预测地震发生的时间和地点，地震是最严重的灾难之一。故选A。
15．A.However B．But
C．And D．So
答案：A
解析：根据上文“No one can stop natural earthquakes.”以及下文“scientists can help ... too many deaths”可知，上下文之间表示转折关系，且设空后由逗号隔开，应用副词however，表示“然而”。故选A。
精深阅读
It was October 2005, and the catastrophic earthquake killing some 79，000 people in Pakistan had reduced the valley to mud and ruins.
Yasmeen Lari, a 65 year old architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements, but she had never done disaster work before. Lari was known for designing smooth towers of glass and concrete. But here, she'd be drawing plans for earthquake resistant homes using stone and timber debris (木材碎片). With each passing day, she felt deeply right to do disaster relief work. So she made it her new mission, spending the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad.
Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari's shelters can better withstand disasters. Lari says this local, cost effective and zero carbon approach is creating an ecosystem. Anyone can learn by watching DIY videos on Lari's Zero Carbon Channel on YouTube.
The design won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018. “We need to believe in people's capacity to bring about change. I treat displaced people as partners, not victims. They know what to do，” says Lari.
Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari has won many awards as architect and environmentalist. While it may seem like an unlikely path for a girl who was born into a well to do family in 1941, she had an unconventional upbringing. At home, her father would talk about the desperate need for housing. Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari. On a family visit to London when she was 15, she applied to architecture school at Oxford Brookes University. She laughs as she recalls her bravery.
At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero carbon designs, skills building and self sustaining villages. “Architects can no longer work for just the one percent，” she says. “That doesn't allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位巴基斯坦女性建筑师Yasmeen Lari (亚斯明·拉里)努力改进村庄的房屋设计以更好地抵御自然灾害，突显了其体恤村民和倡导环保的精神。
1．What can we learn about Lari from the first two paragraphs
A．She felt considerably proud to do disaster relief work.
B．She started a brand new volunteer working experience.
C．She was good at designing earthquake resistant houses.
D．She reconstructed the settlements with glass and concrete.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But here, she'd be drawing plans ... from Pakistan and abroad.”可知，在巴基斯坦发生了灾难性的地震之后，Lari用石头和木材碎片来设计抗震房屋，把它作为自己的新任务，在接下来的四个月里，她与来自巴基斯坦和国外的志愿者建筑师和工程师一起工作，由此可知，Lari开始了一段全新的志愿者工作经历。故选B。
2．How did Lari make her design practical and environmental
A．By creating an ecosystem.
B．By strengthening local buildings.
C．By using local sustainable materials.
D．By watching DIY videos on YouTube.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inspired by local buildings ... better withstand disasters. (受到当地用木材碎片、竹子和泥土等可持续材料建造的建筑的启发，拉里(设计)的居所可以更好地抵御灾害。)”可知，Lari设计的房屋实用且环保是因为使用了可持续材料。故选C。
3．Why did Lari decide to apply to architecture school
A．Her interest in architecture drove her.
B．Her father encouraged her to an unusual path.
C．Her father talked about the demand for architects.
D．Her rich family allowed her to pursue the most of dream.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Listening to her father ... at Oxford Brookes University. (听到父亲谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求给拉里留下了深刻的印象。15岁时，她随家人去伦敦旅游，她申请了牛津布鲁克斯大学的建筑学院。)”可知，Lari申请建筑学院的原因是听到父亲谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求给其留下了深刻的印象。故选C。
4．Which of the following best describes Yasmeen Lari
A．Sensitive and brave.
B．Determined and cooperative.
C．Honest and generous.
D．Sympathetic and eco responsible.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“At age 83 ... as they could.”可知，Yasmeen Lari仍然对零碳设计、技能培养和自给自足的村庄充满了想法，且她认为建筑师应该尽全力为所有人服务，由此可推知，她对生态负责且富有同情心。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．reduce v. 使沦为(不好境地)；减少，缩小
2．ruin n. 废墟
3．reconstruction n. 再建，重建
4．mission n. 使命；重要任务
5．withstand v. 承受；经受住
(二)高频短语
6．draw plans for 为……制订计划
7．bring__about 导致；引起
8．make__an__impression__on__sb 给某人留下印象
9．apply__to 申请
10．no__longer 不再；不复
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．China has a serious aging population problem, a trend that is unlikely (likely) to be mitigated (减缓) anytime soon.
12．Seen (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
13．I admire the effective (effect) use of colour in her paintings.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Our heartfelt sympathy goes out to the victims of the war.受害者
15．I wanted to work somewhere where I could serve the community.为……服务
16．Despite his unconventional methods, he has inspired students more than anyone else.非常规的
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
withstand，approach，desperate
17．She took the wrong way in her dealings with them.approach
18．To pursue excellence and promote quality has become the urgent demand of education.
desperate
19．The strong building was able to resist the powerful winds and remained standing. withstand
(六)长难句分析
20．While it may seem like an unlikely path for a girl who was born into a well to do family in 1941, she had an unconventional upbringing.
句意：对于一个1941年出生在富裕家庭的女孩来说，这似乎是一条不太可能的道路，但她的成长经历却与众不同。
分析：主干是she__had__an__unconventional__upbringing；While引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰a__girl。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．The community faces the__desperate__need__for__clean__water (迫切需要干净的水) and sanitation.
22．You should treat__every__challenge__as__an__opportunity (把每个挑战当作一次机会) to learn and grow.
(八)仿写句子
23．She laughs as she recalls her bravery.(as引导时间状语从句)
仿写：当我走进房间时，我闻到了一股怪味。
As__I__walked__into__the__room,__I__noticed__a__strange__smell.
精深阅读
In March, 2022, much of Spain has been coated with dust, and the skies have turned bright orange. A huge cloud of dust from the Sahara Desert is causing the strange weather. The dust cloud is expected to spread to other parts of Europe.
Across much of Spain on Tuesday morning, a thin layer (层) of red dust coated everything outside. From streets to sidewalks to balconies, everything was covered with a layer of dust. As the sun rose, the dust in the air turned the skies in some cities a strange orange. The cause of the dust and unusual sky colour wasn't a forest fire, but dust from the Sahara Desert.
Every year, a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert. It's called the Saharan Air Layer. Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle that helps develop farmland and beaches in Central and South America.
But sometimes, depending on the weather, the layer of dust gets forced to the north. Large sandstorms in northern Africa lift sand and dust into the air, where it gets blown towards Spain. Though the particles (微粒) in the air come from sand, they're much more like dust than sand at a beach.
These kinds of storms aren't unknown in Spain. In fact, it has a special name. It's called a “calima”. This calima is so large that it can be seen from space. A NASA scientist who studies weather in the atmosphere says it's like a river of dust in the air. That river of dust has met with a river of wet air driven by strong winds.
Spain's weather service described the dust storm as being “very intense”. At one point on Tuesday, the air quality in Madrid was the worst in the world. Government health experts warned people not to go outside without a mask, and to keep their windows and doors closed at home.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了撒哈拉沙尘席卷西班牙大部分地区。
1．What turned Spain's skies orange
A．A huge cloud.
B．Pollutant from Europe.
C．Dust from Sahara.
D．Heavy rainfall.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In March, 2022 ... causing the strange weather. (2022年3月，西班牙大部分地区都被沙尘覆盖，天空变成了明亮的橙色。来自撒哈拉沙漠的巨大尘埃云造成了这种奇怪的天气。)”可知，撒哈拉大沙漠吹来的沙尘暴导致西班牙境内的天空变成了橘黄色。故选C。
2．What can we know about the Saharan Air Layer
A．It's helpful for farming.
B．It hits Spain every year.
C．It's from South America.
D．It leads to forest fires.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It's called the Saharan Air Layer ... in Central and South America. (它被称为撒哈拉空气层。通常，它作为自然循环的一部分穿越大西洋，帮助开发中美洲和南美洲的农田和海滩。)”可推知，撒哈拉空气层有助于农业种植。故选A。
3．Which word best describes the calima
A．Attractive. B．Unbelievable.
C．Common. D．Useful.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This calima is so large ... dust in the air. (这个‘calima’太大了，以至于可以从太空中看到。美国国家航空航天局一位研究大气天气的科学家说，这就像空气中的一条尘埃河。)”可推知，calima是惊人的。故选B。
4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Travel. B．Nature.
C．Science. D．Health.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“In March, 2022 ... causing the strange weather.”可知，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙尘席卷西班牙大部分地区，由此可推知，本文可能出自报纸的自然版块。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．natural adj. 自然的；天然的
2．cycle n. 循环；自行车；摩托车 v. 骑自行车
3．atmosphere n. 大气层；空气；氛围
4．intense adj. 很大的；十分强烈的
5．quality n. 质量；素质
(二)高频短语
6．a__cloud__of 一团(或一片)……
7．be__covered__with 盖着，覆着
8．rise__from 从……升起/起身；起源于
9．depend__on 取决于；依赖于
10．describe ... as ... 将……描述为……
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．The pill is coated with sugar.
12．This machine is driven by steam.
13．The teacher warned the students not to__cheat (cheat) on the exam.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．I lowered myself to the water's edge, getting my feet wet. 湿的
15．The company develops and markets new software.开发
16．At this point in time we just have to wait. 时刻
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
drive，unusual，describe
17．It's extremely rare for it to be this hot in April.unusual
18．Teachers in kindergarten are sometimes referred to as leaders of children.described
19．The aircraft is powered by a jet engine. driven
(六)长难句分析
20．A NASA scientist who studies weather in the atmosphere says it's like a river of dust in the air.
句意：美国国家航空航天局的一位研究大气层天气的科学家说，这就像空气中的一条尘埃河。
分析：主干是A__NASA__scientist__says；who引导定语从句，修饰A__NASA__scientist；it's like a river of dust in the air是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．He means that the trial is__expected__to__continue (预计持续) for three months.
22．The__cause__of__the__disease (这种疾病的原因) is difficult to pin down precisely.
(八)仿写句子
23．This calima is so large that it can be seen from space.(so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句)
仿写：那座山如此高，似乎碰到了天空。
The__mountain__is__so__high__that__it__seems__to__touch__the__sky.
1(共120张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
单元主题：人与自然——自然灾害及其防范和应对措施
Section Ⅰ Starting out &
Understanding ideas
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．tube n. _______
2．the Tube _______________________
3．typhoon n. _______
4．landslide n. ____________
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．________ n. 灾难，灾祸
2．______ v. 发生
3．_____________ n. 通告，公告
管子
(伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁
台风
山崩，滑坡
disaster
occur
announcement
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
1．______ v. (火山)爆发，喷发→________ n. 喷发；爆发
2．___________ adv. 即刻，马上→__________ adj. 立刻的，即时的；目前的，紧迫的
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
plus 熟义： adj. _________________________
生义：prep. 加；外加，而且 n. 加号，正号；优势；好处
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
________ 拿起，拾起，捡起
erupt
eruption
immediately
immediate
(用于数字后面表示)多，余
pick up
自主学习 课文语篇
Picking up a free newspaper1 at the Tube station, I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot！”. Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees2! The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. It's going to be awful on the Central Line, with no air conditioning. Why did they have to invent
课文三维剖析
Hot! Hot! Hot!
热！热！热！
1现在分词短语作________；Picking ... ＝After I pick ...
2不定式短语作__________；expect sb/sth to do sth中的to do sth 是____________
时间状语
主语补足语
宾语补足语
the Tube before air conditioning It3's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as4 one of the deepest. It's the hottest on the whole Tube system.
3It作形式主语，真正的主语是________
4连接__________________和__________________
that从句
在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，我看到一个标题写着“热！热！热！”。今天，伦敦的温度预计将达到30多度！7月的平均最高温度只有22度，所以超过30度对于伦敦来说太不寻常了。地铁中央线没有空调系统，情况会很糟糕。为什么地铁要在空调系统之前发明出来？我通常上班所走的路线刚好是地铁里最老、最深的一条线。那也是整个地铁系统里最热的一条线。
one of the oldest lines
one of the deepest
Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform5 is like jumping into a volcano that6's erupting. This, however, is nothing compared to the train. Because there's no air conditioning, the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees! It's lovely at the beach, but7 not so8when9 you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers! I'm sure the
5动名词短语作______
6引导______从句，修饰_________
7连接两个_________
8前面省略了it's
9引导__________从句
主语
定语
a volcano
并列分句
时间状语
passenger next to me and10 I are melting and becoming one! I had bacon and eggs for breakfast, and now I'm feeling a bit sick—I hope I can make it to Bank station ... I'll avoid the feeling by thinking about work11. I work in a tall, glass building. One very hot summer, the sun reflected off it and12 melted cars parked below13! Will this happen again today
10连接并列成分___________和____
11动名词短语作______
12连接_________
13过去分词短语作__________
the passenger
I
宾语
并列谓语
后置定语
果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。不过这还远远比不上车厢里面。因为没有空调，车厢内的温度能达到35度！这样的温度在海滩上会很舒服，但是当你穿着西装挤在一群乘客中，可就没那么舒服了。我敢肯定邻座的乘客和我都正在熔化，我们要融为一体了！我早餐吃了培根和鸡蛋，现在感觉有点恶心——希望我能撑到银行站……我还是想想工作的事来逃避这种感觉吧。我在一座高高的玻璃建筑里上班。有一年夏天非常热，大楼表面反射的阳光竟然熔化了停在楼下的车！今天这种事会重演吗？
Yes, each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared. Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future14 I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a boat. That way, when15 the Thames rises and there is a flood in London, I'll still be able to get to work. But wait! Would I still have a workplace to go to My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low16. I'll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! I'll join a beginner's swimming class immediately. Then I'll be able to survive even when17 the tall buildings are flooded.
14动词不定式短语作_________
15引导_________从句
16前面省略了it's
17引导_________从句
后置定语
时间状语
时间状语
没错，好像伦敦的夏天一年比一年热。我突然觉得有点儿害怕。也许是时候该为将来打算了？我或许应该把房子在市场上卖掉，然后买一艘船。这样等泰晤士河的水涨起来，伦敦被洪水淹没的时候，我依然能去上班。不过等等！到那时候我还有地方工作吗？我的办公室就在四楼，太低了。我得去跟经理请求搬到顶楼去。最重要的是，我得学会游泳！我得马上报个游泳入门班。这样就算高楼大厦都被洪水淹没了，我也能活下来。
Looking through my newspaper18, I'm shocked by photos showing19 that20 a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town. What's more21, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides, and the heat across Southern Europe22 has caused forest fires. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. Now that23 it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ...
18现在分词短语作__________
19现在分词短语作_________，修饰________
20引导______从句
21插入语
22介词短语作_________，修饰________
23引导__________从句
时间状语
后置定语
photos
宾语
后置定语
the heat
原因状语
我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。还有，东欧的暴雨造成了山体滑坡，席卷南欧的热浪引发了森林火灾。专家说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。这样的新闻让我感到紧张。既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……
“The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement.24 That's my destination. Stepping out of the station25 with a heavy heart, I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all, it's only 30 degrees outside!
24__________句，谓语位于主语前面
25现在分词短语作_________
完全倒装
时间状语
“下一站，银行站！”报站声响起。我要到站了。我心情沉重地走出地铁站，突然感觉到一阵清风扑面而来。罢了罢了，也许是我担心得太多了。毕竟外面才只有30度！
Locations Feelings Causes
At the Tube station (Para.1) awful no 1.______________
the 2._______ on the whole Tube system
Inside the Tube (Para.2) 3._________ 4._______________________ with the other passengers
(一)读课文，完成表格
阅读领悟
air conditioning
hottest
a bit sick
melting and becoming one
In the Tube (Para.3) 5.___________ He worries about the future and wonders if he will still have a 6.__________ to go to.
The news in the newspaper (Para.4) shocked and 7.________ A 8.________ in Asia has destroyed a town; heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides; the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.
After walking out of the Tube (Para.5) 9._______ and refreshed 10.____________ on his face
nervous
typhoon
relaxed
a fresh wind
a bit scared
workplace
(二)分析课文，选择正确答案
1．Which is not the author's plan for the future in Paragraph 3
A．To put his flat on the market.
B．To buy a boat.
C．To move to the first floor.
D．To learn to swim.
2．What is the type of this passage
A．Introduction.
B．Narration.
C．Argumentation.
D．News report.
3．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The journey in London.
B．The Tube system in London.
C．A crowded situation.
D．The extreme weather conditions.
(三)问题链
1．How does the author develop the passage
____________________________________________________________________
2．Why is the author shocked when looking through his newspaper
____________________________________________________________________
3．What does “a heavy heart” mean in the last paragraph
____________________________________________________________________
The passage is developed in the order of space.
He is shocked by photos showing natural disasters and destruction.
To express the author?s worries about weather conditions of London.
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
1.occur v. 发生；(想法、主意在某人脑海中)突然出现(教材P84)
sth occurs to sb 某人想到某事
It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到要做某事
It occurs to sb that ... 某人想到……
【语境感知】
①I hope this won't occur again.
我希望不要再发生这种事情。
②The idea occurred to him in a flash, as bright as a shooting star across the night sky.
那个想法在他脑海中一闪而过，就像夜空中划过的流星一样明亮。
③It occurs to me that every challenge we face is an opportunity for growth and self discovery.
我突然想到，我们面临的每一个挑战都是成长和自我发现的机遇。
【易混辨析】occur/happen/take place/break out
occur 不及物动词，可指某事偶然发生或者按计划进行，可与happen互换，但比较正式。表示“某人想到某事”时，用sth occurs to sb
happen 不及物动词，特指某事偶然发生。表示“某人发生了某事”，要用sth happens to sb; happen to do sth 表示“碰巧做某事”
take place 多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如举办活动、发生变化等
break out 多指自然灾害、战争、疾病的爆发
以上这些表示“发生”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态
【学会运用】选词填空(occur/happen/take place/break out)
①An earthquake _________ last month.
②Great changes _______________ here since last year.
③The accident _________________ at about 10 o'clock.
④She hoped nothing bad would ________ to her husband.
⑤A wonderful plan ________ to her.
【学会表达】翻译句子
⑥他突然想到，最简单的善举可能对别人的生活产生最深远的影响。
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
broke out
have taken place
happened/occurred
happen
occurred
It occurs to him that the simplest acts of kindness can have the most profound impact on others’ lives.
2.announcement n. 通告，公告(教材P84)
announce v. 宣布，宣告（决定、计划等）
announcer n. 广播员；播音员
make an announcement 宣布；发布通知
announce sth （to sb） （向某人）宣布/通告某事
announce that ... 宣布……；通知……
It is/was announced that ... 据宣布……
【语境感知】
①The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。
②One day with a basket of vegetables, he announced to us that he was going to cook a delicious dish.
一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。
动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth to sb或announce to sb sth。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①They officially announced the news ____ the reporters.
②Today's _____________ (announce) of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion.
to
announcement
【学会表达】完成句子
③部长在记者招待会上发布了这个公告。
The minister _____________________ at a news conference.
④会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。
At the end of the meeting, ___________________ an agreement had been reached.
⑤政府昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作岗位的计划。
The government yesterday ____________________ plans to create a million new jobs.
made the announcement
it was announced that
announced to the media
【语境感知】
The volcanoes were erupting at that time, and these eruptions produced a lot of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which lowered the amount of oxygen in the air.
当时火山正在喷发，这些喷发产生了大量的二氧化碳和其他温室气体，从而降低了空气中的氧气量。
（二）拓展词
3.erupt v. (火山)爆发，喷发→_________ n. 喷发；爆发
eruption
【语境感知】
The manager requested an immediate solution, and the team responded immediately.
经理要求立即解决问题，团队立即做出了回应。
4.immediately adv. 即刻，马上→__________ adj. 立刻的，即时的；目前的，紧迫的
immediate
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Her manner ____________ (immediate) set everyone at their ease.
②The ________ (erupt) of an active volcano is a terrible phenomenon.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③火山喷发的消息立即传开了，引起了居民的恐慌。
____________________________________________________________________
immediately
eruption
The news of the eruption spread immediately, causing panic among residents.
（三）熟词生义
5.plus [熟义]adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余
[生义]prep. __________________
n. ___________________________
加；外加，而且
加号，正号；优势；好处
【语境感知】
①The work will cost ￡10，000 plus.
这项工作将耗资万余英镑。
②Two plus five is seven.
二加五等于七。
③He put a plus instead of a minus.
他填了个加号而不是减号。
④Knowledge of French is a plus in her job.
通晓法语对她的工作有好处。
【学会理解】同义词替换
①Language ability seems a plus for many women. ________________
【学会表达】翻译句子
②只有35名员工，却要为3万多位顾客服务。
____________________________________________________________________
advantage 优势
There are only 35 staff to serve 30,000?plus customers.
探究二 短语
6.pick up 拿起，拾起，捡起(教材P82)
pick up 拿起，拾起，捡起；(用车)接某人；接收，收听(节目，电台)；(偶然)学会(语言、技能等)；好转，病后恢复(健康、体力等)
pick out 挑出，选出
【语境感知】
①The phone rang and rang and nobody picked it up.
电话铃响了又响，但没人接。
②I'll pick you up at five.
我五点钟来接你。
③We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.
我们能收听英国广播公司国际广播节目。
④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
令人惊奇的是，你弟弟这么快就学会了俄语——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。
⑤Pick out the good apples and throw away the rest.
挑出好的苹果，将其余的扔掉。
pick up词义虽多变，口诀巧记挺简单：拿起捡起开车接，接收收听开视野；好转改善又增强，偶然学会不要忘。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The boy picked _____ the hat for the old man.
②I have been picked ______ to represent the whole team.
【学会表达】完成句子
③昨晚我收听了福建台。
I __________ Fujian on the radio last night.
④稍微锻炼就能让病人康复。
A bit of exercise will ________________．
⑤明天我会去你家接你。
I'll ____________ at your home tomorrow.
up
out
picked up
pick the patient up
pick you up
探究三 长难句分析
7.It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.(教材P82)
我通常上班所走的路线刚好是地铁里最老、最深的一条线。
【分析】 as well as意为“不但……(而且……)，既……(又……)；和；也”，用于连接并列成分。
as well as的用法：
连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与as well as前的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循就远原则
表示“除……之外(还)”，相当于besides, in addition to等
也可以是well的同级比较结构，表示“和……一样好”
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Lucy as well as I ____ (be) going to go shopping this Sunday.
【学会表达】翻译句子
②他演奏流行音乐和爵士乐，同时也演奏古典音乐。
____________________________________________________________________
③约翰弹钢琴和杰克一样好。
____________________________________________________________________
is
He plays classical music, as well as pop and jazz.
John plays the piano as well as Jack.
8.Well, maybe I have been worrying too much.(教材P84)
罢了罢了，也许是我担心得太多了。
【分析】 have been worrying是现在完成进行时。
现在完成进行时：
表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性，常与for, since构成的时间状语连用
表示动作的反复性
表示某种感彩
【语境感知】
①I have been teaching English for almost twenty years.
我教英语已经将近20年了。
②They have been discussing the matter several times this year.
今年他们已经讨论那件事好几次了。
③Who has been eating my apples
谁总是吃我的苹果？
表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have known him for years. (√)
I have been knowing him for years. (×)
【易混辨析】现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复 感彩
现在完成进行时 表示动作的持续 可表示动作的反复 可表示强烈的感彩
现在完成时 表示动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 不表示动作的反复 一般不含有感彩
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He went to the library after breakfast and ______________ (write) his essay there ever since.
②The girl has a great interest in sport and _____________ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
③In order to find the missing child, villagers _______________ (do) all they can over the past five hours.
④I _______________ (write) the book, but I still _______________ (not finish) it.
【学会表达】翻译句子
⑤他们整个下午都在公园里踢足球。
____________________________________________________________________
has been writing
has been taking
have been doing
have been writing
haven’t finished
They have been playing football in the park all the afternoon.
对点练习 巩固所学
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词和词块的词义
( )1.landslide A．(伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁
( ) 2.tube B．n. 温度，气温
( ) 3.typhoon C．n. 管子
( ) 4.temperature D．n. 台风
( ) 5.the Tube E．n. 山崩，滑坡
E
C
D
B
A
b.匹配下列短语的词义
( )6.deal with A．拿起，拾起，捡起
( ) 7.be expected to do sth B．浏览
( ) 8.pick up C．预计做某事
( ) 9.(be) compared to D．与……相比
( ) 10.look through E．应对
E
C
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．____________ adv. 即刻，马上
2．______________ n. 通告，公告
3．_____ adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余
4．__________ n. 目的地，终点，目标
5．______ v. 发生
immediately
announcement
plus
destination
occur
6．_________ adv. 肯定地，当然；明确地，确定地
7．________ n. 灾难，灾祸
8．________ v. 反射(光、热或声音)；反映
9．________ adj. 普通的，平常的；平均的
10．______ v. (火山)爆发，喷发
definitely
disaster
reflect
average
erupt
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．We must take positive steps to deal ______ the problem.
2．It never occurred _____ him that the tropical violent thunderstorms would cause so terrifying waves.
3．The thieves felt ________ (scare) and ran away.
4．I believe I have the talent to make _____．
with
to
it
typical
5．She is a _______ (type) teenager, always complaining about her parents' rules.
6．While ________ (walk) in the park, I saw my old friend, Mary.
7．The couple complained _______ the high cost of visiting Europe.
8．The whole experience was _________ (definite) more positive than negative.
typical
walking
about
definitely
Ⅳ.选词填空
1．There were a lot of _______ in the performance.
2．From the top of the skyscraper the cars _______ us looked like insects.
3．He made the ______________ in a speech on television.
4．She was deeply hurt and ________ by what Smith had said.
announce, occur, plus, erupt, immediate, shock, below, condition
pluses
below
announcement
shocked
5．The area where the explosion ________was closed off by police.
6．Volcanic ash showered down on the town after the ________．
7．She shut her eyes and fell asleep ____________．
8．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air __________ unnecessary.
occurred
eruption
immediately
conditioning
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．I _______________________ (拿起一块木头) and started carving.
2．Prices __________________ (预计增长) even higher this year.
3．I need to ____________________ (浏览我的笔记) before the exam to make sure I understand everything.
picked up a piece of wood
are expected to rise
look through my notes
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．雨已经下了两个小时了。(现在完成进行时)
____________________________________________________________________
2．我和他们一样准备好帮助你。(as well as)
____________________________________________________________________
3．听到掌声，我感到我的心兴奋得怦怦直跳。(现在分词短语作状语)
___________________________________________________________________
It has been raining for two hours.
I as well as they am ready to help you.
Hearing the applause, I felt my heart was pounding with excitement.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%) 中档题(占比30%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems and the effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for years. Droughts aren't new, but Earth's rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.
The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious situation. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. The dry conditions have killed millions of farm animals and destroyed the crops of farmers.
The drought is causing energy problems in Europe, too. The low water levels have cut the amount of hydroelectric power that can be produced. Some rivers are so low that the heavy boats that carry coal can't travel on them.
Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard. California has put limits on water use across the state. Now water is being limited in other places. When there are water limits, farmers aren't able to grow as many crops. That can drive up food prices, and that affects everyone.
China is facing similar problems. The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China's longest river. That has cut the amount of energy produced by the world's largest dam by 40%.
China hasn't been able to produce enough energy, since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool. The government is calling on the public to turn off the air conditioner when it is not too hot. The country is trying to make it rain by shooting chemicals into clouds. But this is an uncertain and temporary response.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了干旱给世界各地带来的问题。
There are no easy solutions to any of these droughts. It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control. For now, governments and people will need to carefully manage water supplies and other resources to limit the damage as much as possible.
1．What has been affected by droughts according to the passage
A．Technology. B．Transportation.
C．Education. D．Tourism.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，干旱导致有些河流水位降低，从而影响运输。故选B。
2．What measures have been taken to deal with droughts in China
A．Bringing water from other countries.
B．Finding replacement for rain water.
C．Limiting the use of drinking water.
D．Controlling the use of electricity.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“China hasn't been able to ... when it is not too hot.”可知，中国通过控制用电来应对干旱。故选D。
3．How might the author feel about the fight against drought
A．Concerned. B．Satisfied.
C．Disappointed. D．Optimistic.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There are no easy solutions ... get it under control. (这些干旱都没有简单的解决办法。气候危机的产生历时多年，要控制气候危机也需要很长时间。)”可推知，作者对与旱灾的斗争充满担忧。故选A。
4．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Worldwide Droughts Appeared as New Problems
B．China Is Also Facing the Serious Drought Problem
C．Droughts Cause Problems Around the World
D．Many Reasons Lead to the Drought Problem
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了干旱给非洲之角、欧洲、加州、亚利桑那州和中国等多地带来的问题，C项(干旱在世界各地造成问题)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ 七选五
The wrong donations end up costing charities precious dollars just to store leftovers (积压物资), which is why clothing may not be the best use of your donation efforts. __1__
Think of the children. Children's needs are important during disasters. As families influenced by a disaster try to protect their children from the effects, they try to provide children with toys, snacks, juices, candies, and other comfort items, particularly in post disaster environments. __2__ Shelters will accept these donations and give them out properly.
Donate your skills to your community. If you are trained in disaster response, you can contact your local emergency services and the Red Cross to see if they need volunteers. Let them know your abilities. __3__ Do not go as an individual volunteer to a disaster area expecting to find ways to help.
__4__ Time and comfort are the two most important things you can give for free. Spend time listening to the victims (受灾群众) with an understanding ear. You can bring books and read to the children.
Become a volunteer now for the future. Besides donating money, volunteering is the best way to give. __5__ The Red Cross and charity organizations prefer a trained group of volunteers who can jump into action. They don't have the resources to train during the disasters.
A．Donate to an organization you can trust.
B．These items are expensive to transport to shelters.
C．Spend time caring for families and individuals at shelters.
D．Then, they will follow up if they are in need of volunteers.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何给灾区人们提供帮助提出了一些实用的建议。
E．However, you have to begin this process long before any disaster hits.
F．Turn your dollars into toys and entertainment choices for kids of all ages.
G．Here are some tips you can follow to help people in need in the most wise ways.
1．答案：G
解析：根据上文“The wrong donations end up ... your donation efforts.”可知，错误的捐赠只会花费慈善机构宝贵的金钱来储存积压的物资，再结合下文提到的四个建议可推知，设空处应给人们一些捐赠或帮助有需要的人的建议。G项(这里有一些建议你可以采纳，以用最明智的方式来帮助那些有需要的人。)符合语境。故选G。
2．答案：F
解析：根据上文“As families influenced by a disaster ... in post disaster environments.(当受灾的家庭努力保护孩子不受影响时，他们尽量给孩子们提供玩具、零食、果汁、糖果或其他带来安慰的物品，尤其是在灾后的环境中。)”可知，F项(把你的钱变成适合各年龄段孩子的玩具和娱乐选择。)承接上文。故选F。
3．答案：D
解析：上文“If you are trained ... if they need volunteers.”提到如果你接受过灾难应对方面的培训，你可以与当地的应急服务机构和红十字会取得联系，看他们是否需要志愿者。D项(然后，如果他们需要志愿者，他们就会继续跟进。)承接上文。故选D。
4．答案：C
解析：设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Time and comfort ... with an understanding ear.”可知，本段主要建议花时间和受灾的人待在一起，陪伴他们度过艰难时刻。C项(花时间照顾避难所的家庭和个人。)符合语境。故选C。
5．答案：E
解析：上文“Become a volunteer ... the best way to give.”提到为了未来，现在就成为一名志愿者。除了捐钱，做志愿者是最好的给予方式。E项(然而，你必须在灾难发生之前就开始这个过程。)承接上文，其中的this process指代上文提到的Become a volunteer。故选E。
Ⅲ 完形填空
Earthquakes are common; thousands of them happen each day. But most are too __1__ to feel. During a big earthquake, there is often a great noise first. Then the earth __2__ terribly and many houses fall down. Railway tracks break and trains go __3__ lines; a great many factories are __4__； thousands of deaths are caused, and many more lose homes. __5__ the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake __6__， other disasters such as fires often __7__. More buildings are destroyed and more deaths caused.
Man knows the __8__ of a possible earthquake, and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes. More than 2，000 years ago, __9__， a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng, __10__ a machine which could find out from which direction the seismic waves had come, and this machine is still __11__ by scientists today. Now we know much more about earthquakes and __12__ they happen, but we still cannot __13__ exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannot prevent it from happening. So earthquakes are among the __14__ disasters in the world.
No one can stop natural earthquakes. __15__， scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震会给人们带来很大的灾难，但人类仍然不知道究竟在何时何地会发生地震，并不能阻止这一切的发生。
1．A.extreme B．weak
C．frightening D．frequent
解析：extreme极端的；weak弱的；frightening令人害怕的；frequent频繁的。根据上文“Earthquakes are common ... But most are too”可知，上下文存在转折关系，此处表示虽然地震很常见，但大多数地震震感都很弱，以至于感觉不到。故选B。
2．A.moves B．shakes
C．jumps D．breaks
解析：move移动；shake晃动；jump跳；break破坏。根据下文“terribly and many houses fall down”以及常识可知，发生大地震时，地面会剧烈晃动。故选B。
3．A.off B．on
C．into D．behind
解析：根据上文“Railway tracks break and trains go”可知，此处表示铁轨断裂，火车偏离轨道。故选A。
4．A.burst B．struck
C．destroyed D．buried
解析：burst爆发；strike袭击；destroy摧毁；bury掩埋。根据上文“Railway tracks break and trains go __3__ lines; a great many factories are”可知，此处讲述地震造成的破坏，许多工厂被摧毁。故选C。
5．A.Except B．Besides
C．Instead of D．Because of
解析： except除了；besides除了……还；instead of代替；because of因为。根据下文“the great damage ... fires often __7__”可知，此处表示除了地震本身造成的损失和死亡之外，还会引起别的灾难。故选B。
6．A.lonely B．later
C．themselves D．itself
解析：根据上文“__5__ the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake”以及下文“other disasters such as fires often __7__”可知，此处强调地震本身造成的破坏，应用itself表示“它自己”。故选D。
7．A.follow B．copy
C．come D．enter
解析： follow跟随；copy模仿；come来；enter进入。根据上文“__5__ the great damage ... fires often”以及下文“More buildings are destroyed and more deaths caused.”可知，地震不仅会带来巨大的破坏和死亡，也会使得其他灾害伴随而来。故选A。
8．A.answers B．questions
C．dangers D．frights
解析：根据上文“__5__ the great damage ... more deaths caused.”可知，此处表示人们了解可能发生地震的危险。故选C。
9．A.as a result B．in fact
C．for example D．as well
解析：as a result结果；in fact事实上；for example例如；as well也。根据下文“a Chinese scientist ... by scientists today”可知，此处举例说明人们一直在研究地震。故选C。
10．A.invented B．discovered
C．found D．bought
解析：根据下文“a machine which ... had come”以及语境可知，这种仪器之前不存在，是张衡发明的。故选A。
11．A.improved B．repaired
C．protected D．used
解析：improve提高；repair修理；protect保护；use使用。根据下文“by scientists today”可知，此处表示科学家现在仍然在使用张衡发明的仪器。故选D。
12．A.where B．when
C．what D．why
解析：根据下文“they happen ... will happen”可知，人类还不知道地震发生的准确时间和地点，但已经对为什么会发生地震有了更多的了解。故选D。
13．A.persuade B．tell
C．express D．point
解析： persuade说服；tell确切地判断；辨别；express表达；point指向。根据上文“Now we know ... they happen”以及下文“exactly when and where an earthquake will happen”可知，人类已经对地震发生的原因有了更多的了解，但仍无法确切地判断地震发生的时间和地点。故选B。
14．A.worst B．best
C．most D．fastest
解析：根据上文“but we still cannot ... it from happening”可知，人类无法准确预测地震发生的时间和地点，地震是最严重的灾难之一。故选A。
15．A.However B．But
C．And D．So
解析：根据上文“No one can stop natural earthquakes.”以及下文“scientists can help ... too many deaths”可知，上下文之间表示转折关系，且设空后由逗号隔开，应用副词however，表示“然而”。故选A。
It was October 2005, and the catastrophic earthquake killing some 79，000 people in Pakistan had reduced the valley to mud and ruins.
Yasmeen Lari, a 65 year old architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements, but she had never done disaster work before. Lari was known for designing smooth towers of glass and concrete. But here, she'd be drawing plans for earthquake resistant homes using stone and timber debris (木材碎片). With each passing
精深阅读
day, she felt deeply right to do disaster relief work. So she made it her new mission, spending the next four months working with volunteer architects and engineers from Pakistan and abroad.
Inspired by local buildings made with sustainable materials such as timber debris, bamboo and mud, Lari's shelters can better withstand disasters. Lari says this local, cost effective and zero carbon approach is creating an ecosystem. Anyone can learn by watching DIY videos on Lari's Zero Carbon Channel on YouTube.
The design won a UN World Habitat Prize in 2018. “We need to believe in people's capacity to bring about change. I treat displaced people as partners, not victims. They know what to do，” says Lari.
Over the decades, Yasmeen Lari has won many awards as architect and environmentalist. While it may seem like an unlikely path for a girl who was born into a well to do family in 1941, she had an unconventional upbringing. At home, her father would talk about the desperate need for housing. Listening to her father talk about the housing crisis and need for architects made an impression on Lari. On a family visit to London when she was 15, she applied to architecture school at Oxford Brookes University. She laughs as she recalls her bravery.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位巴基斯坦女性建筑师Yasmeen Lari (亚斯明·拉里)努力改进村庄的房屋设计以更好地抵御自然灾害，突显了其体恤村民和倡导环保的精神。
At age 83, Yasmeen Lari is still full of ideas about zero carbon designs, skills building and self sustaining villages. “Architects can no longer work for just the one percent，” she says. “That doesn't allow them to serve humanity as much as they could.”
1．What can we learn about Lari from the first two paragraphs
A．She felt considerably proud to do disaster relief work.
B．She started a brand new volunteer working experience.
C．She was good at designing earthquake resistant houses.
D．She reconstructed the settlements with glass and concrete.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But here, she'd be drawing plans ... from Pakistan and abroad.”可知，在巴基斯坦发生了灾难性的地震之后，Lari用石头和木材碎片来设计抗震房屋，把它作为自己的新任务，在接下来的四个月里，她与来自巴基斯坦和国外的志愿者建筑师和工程师一起工作，由此可知，Lari开始了一段全新的志愿者工作经历。故选B。
2．How did Lari make her design practical and environmental
A．By creating an ecosystem.
B．By strengthening local buildings.
C．By using local sustainable materials.
D．By watching DIY videos on YouTube.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inspired by local buildings ... better withstand disasters. (受到当地用木材碎片、竹子和泥土等可持续材料建造的建筑的启发，拉里(设计)的居所可以更好地抵御灾害。)”可知，Lari设计的房屋实用且环保是因为使用了可持续材料。故选C。
3．Why did Lari decide to apply to architecture school
A．Her interest in architecture drove her.
B．Her father encouraged her to an unusual path.
C．Her father talked about the demand for architects.
D．Her rich family allowed her to pursue the most of dream.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Listening to her father ... at Oxford Brookes University. (听到父亲谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求给拉里留下了深刻的印象。15岁时，她随家人去伦敦旅游，她申请了牛津布鲁克斯大学的建筑学院。)”可知，Lari申请建筑学院的原因是听到父亲谈论住房危机和对建筑师的需求给其留下了深刻的印象。故选C。
4．Which of the following best describes Yasmeen Lari
A．Sensitive and brave.
B．Determined and cooperative.
C．Honest and generous.
D．Sympathetic and eco responsible.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“At age 83 ... as they could.”可知，Yasmeen Lari仍然对零碳设计、技能培养和自给自足的村庄充满了想法，且她认为建筑师应该尽全力为所有人服务，由此可推知，她对生态负责且富有同情心。故选D。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．_______ v. 使沦为(不好境地)；减少，缩小
2． _____ n. 废墟
3．reconstruction n. ____________
4． ________ n. 使命；重要任务
5．withstand v. ______________
reduce
ruin
再建，重建
mission
承受；经受住
(二)高频短语
6．draw plans for _______________
7．___________ 导致；引起
8．______________________ 给某人留下印象
9．________ 申请
10．_________不再；不复
为……制订计划
bring about
make an impression on sb
apply to
no longer
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．China has a serious aging population problem, a trend that is _______ (likely) to be mitigated (减缓) anytime soon.
12．______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
13．I admire the _________ (effect) use of colour in her paintings.
unlikely
Seen
effective
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．Our heartfelt sympathy goes out to the victims of the war._________
15．I wanted to work somewhere where I could serve the community. ___________
16．Despite his unconventional methods, he has inspired students more than anyone else. __________
受害者
为……服务
非常规的
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．She took the wrong way in her dealings with them.__________
18．To pursue excellence and promote quality has become the urgent demand of education. __________
19．The strong building was able to resist the powerful winds and remained standing. __________
approach
withstand，approach，desperate
desperate
withstand
(六)长难句分析
20．While it may seem like an unlikely path for a girl who was born into a well to do family in 1941, she had an unconventional upbringing.
句意：对于一个1941年出生在富裕家庭的女孩来说，这似乎是一条不太可能的道路，但她的成长经历却与众不同。
分析：主干是________________________________；While引导__________从句；who引导______从句，修饰______。
she had an unconventional upbringing
让步状语
定语
a girl
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．The community faces ____________________________ (迫切需要干净的水) and sanitation.
22．You should _________________________________ (把每个挑战当作一次机会) to learn and grow.
(八)仿写句子
23．She laughs as she recalls her bravery.(as引导时间状语从句)
仿写：当我走进房间时，我闻到了一股怪味。
____________________________________________________________________
the desperate need for clean water
treat every challenge as an opportunity
As I walked into the room, I noticed a strange smell.
In March, 2022, much of Spain has been coated with dust, and the skies have turned bright orange. A huge cloud of dust from the Sahara Desert is causing the strange weather. The dust cloud is expected to spread to other parts of Europe.
精深阅读
Across much of Spain on Tuesday morning, a thin layer (层) of red dust coated everything outside. From streets to sidewalks to balconies, everything was covered with a layer of dust. As the sun rose, the dust in the air turned the skies in some cities a strange orange. The cause of the dust and unusual sky colour wasn't a forest fire, but dust from the Sahara Desert.
Every year, a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert. It's called the Saharan Air Layer. Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle that helps develop farmland and beaches in Central and South America.
But sometimes, depending on the weather, the layer of dust gets forced to the north. Large sandstorms in northern Africa lift sand and dust into the air, where it gets blown towards Spain. Though the particles (微粒) in the air come from sand, they're much more like dust than sand at a beach.
These kinds of storms aren't unknown in Spain. In fact, it has a special name. It's called a “calima”. This calima is so large that it can be seen from space. A NASA scientist who studies weather in the atmosphere says it's like a river of dust in the air. That river of dust has met with a river of wet air driven by strong winds.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了撒哈拉沙尘席卷西班牙大部分地区。
Spain's weather service described the dust storm as being “very intense”. At one point on Tuesday, the air quality in Madrid was the worst in the world. Government health experts warned people not to go outside without a mask, and to keep their windows and doors closed at home.
1．What turned Spain's skies orange
A．A huge cloud.
B．Pollutant from Europe.
C．Dust from Sahara.
D．Heavy rainfall.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In March, 2022 ... causing the strange weather. (2022年3月，西班牙大部分地区都被沙尘覆盖，天空变成了明亮的橙色。来自撒哈拉沙漠的巨大尘埃云造成了这种奇怪的天气。)”可知，撒哈拉大沙漠吹来的沙尘暴导致西班牙境内的天空变成了橘黄色。故选C。
2．What can we know about the Saharan Air Layer
A．It's helpful for farming.
B．It hits Spain every year.
C．It's from South America.
D．It leads to forest fires.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It's called the Saharan Air Layer ... in Central and South America. (它被称为撒哈拉空气层。通常，它作为自然循环的一部分穿越大西洋，帮助开发中美洲和南美洲的农田和海滩。)”可推知，撒哈拉空气层有助于农业种植。故选A。
3．Which word best describes the calima
A．Attractive. B．Unbelievable.
C．Common. D．Useful.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This calima is so large ... dust in the air. (这个‘calima’太大了，以至于可以从太空中看到。美国国家航空航天局一位研究大气天气的科学家说，这就像空气中的一条尘埃河。)”可推知，calima是惊人的。故选B。
4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Travel. B．Nature.
C．Science. D．Health.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“In March, 2022 ... causing the strange weather.”可知，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙尘席卷西班牙大部分地区，由此可推知，本文可能出自报纸的自然版块。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．_______ adj. 自然的；天然的
2． ______ n. 循环；自行车；摩托车 v. 骑自行车
3．atmosphere n. ____________________
4．intense adj. ____________________
5．_______ n. 质量；素质
natural
cycle
大气层；空气；氛围
很大的；十分强烈的
quality
(二)高频短语
6．__________一团(或一片)……
7．_______________盖着，覆着
8．__________从……升起/起身；起源于
9．___________取决于；依赖于
10．describe ... as ... ___________________
a cloud of
be covered with
rise from
depend on
将……描述为……
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
11．The pill is coated ______ sugar.
12．This machine is driven _____ steam.
13．The teacher warned the students not ________ (cheat) on the exam.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
14．I lowered myself to the water's edge, getting my feet wet. ______
15．The company develops and markets new software. ______
16．At this point in time we just have to wait. _______
with
by
to cheat
湿的
开发
时刻
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
17．It's extremely rare for it to be this hot in April. ________
18．Teachers in kindergarten are sometimes referred to as leaders of children. __________
19．The aircraft is powered by a jet engine. ________
drive，unusual，describe
unusual
described
driven
(六)长难句分析
20．A NASA scientist who studies weather in the atmosphere says it's like a river of dust in the air.
句意：美国国家航空航天局的一位研究大气层天气的科学家说，这就像空气中的一条尘埃河。
分析：主干是___________________ ；who引导_____从句，修饰________________ ；it's like a river of dust in the air是省略了连接词______ 的______从句。
A NASA scientist says
A NASA scientist
定语
that
宾语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
21．He means that the trial ___________________ (预计持续) for three months.
22． _____________________ (这种疾病的原因) is difficult to pin down precisely.
is expected to continue
The cause of the disease
(八)仿写句子
23．This calima is so large that it can be seen from space.(so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句)
仿写：那座山如此高，似乎碰到了天空。
____________________________________________________________________
The mountain is so high that it seems to touch the sky.
