英语 必修 第三册 WY
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas (Reading & Writing)
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．hurricane n. 飓风
2．billion num. 十亿
3．lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部
4．helicopter n. 直升机
5．mosquito n. 蚊子
6．midnight n. 子夜，午夜
7．the Big Dipper 北斗七星
8．the Little Dipper 小北斗七星
9．the Milky Way 银河
10．county n. (美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
11．property n. 所有物，资产，财产
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．nowhere adv. 什么地方都不，无处
2．otherwise adv. 否则，要不然
3．threat n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
4．shelter n. 庇护，掩蔽
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的→sufficiently adv. 充分地，足够地
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
have__yet__to 还没有
课文三维剖析
Stars after the storm
风暴过后现繁星
It's strange, but I don't really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap1, when2 the roof just flew off. All of a sudden, there was sky where3 the roof had been. I was so frightened that4 I just froze. 说来也怪，我对飓风本身的印象并不深。一切都发生得太快了。当时我正坐在自己房间里，猫咪斯玛蒂趴在我腿上，突然屋顶就飞走了。霎时间，屋顶变成了天空。我吓呆了。 Mom cried to get out quickly, but5 it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere. 1with的复合结构，作伴随状语 2be doing sth when ... 是固定句型，意为“正在做某事这时……” 3引导地点状语从句 4引导结果状语从句 5连接并列分句，表示转折
妈妈大喊着让我们快跑，但已经来不及了。暴雨迅速倾盆而下，瞬间就将道路淹没成了河流。我们无处可去了。
At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but6 soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside7 was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but8 we couldn't drink any of it otherwise we'd get really sick. We just had drinking water that9 was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie10. He had disappeared the moment11 the storm hit. 一开始我还庆幸我们能待在家里，但很快情况就糟糕起来。没了屋顶，待在屋内是十分危险的。到处都是水，可我们一滴也不能喝，否则就会染上重病。我们只能喝直升机送来的饮用水，但总是不够喝。当时是八月，天气非常非常热，到处都散发着难闻的气味！我只能整天看着街上来来往往的船只，留意寻找斯玛蒂的身影。风暴袭来的那一刻它就失踪了。 6连接并列分句，表示转折 7动名词短语作主语 8连接并列分句，表示转折 9引导定语从句，修饰drinking__water 10watching ... 和looking ... 是并列关系；going up and down the street 是宾语补足语 11引导时间状语从句，相当于as__soon__as
Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos. But Mom said that12 whatever13 happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though14. We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left15 were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom's words made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future. 12引导宾语从句 13引导让步状语从句 14It作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式 15定语从句，省略了关系代词that，修饰All
我们住在露天的环境里，成了蚊子的一日三餐。不过妈妈说不管发生什么，我们都应该尽量看到事情好的一面。然而保持乐观却不那么容易。我们的家毁了，家里的一切也都没了，斯玛蒂也不见了。我们只剩下身上的衣服了。不过就像妈妈一直提醒我们的那样，好在全家人都在一起而且平安无事。妈妈的话让我们心情好些了。我还记得那时我们躺在午夜的苍穹之下，仰望星空。因为没有灯光，我们能看到北斗七星、小北斗七星和银河。太奇妙了！尽管我们损失惨重，但这样的时刻重新点燃了我们对未来的希望。
Although16 it was only a few days before17 we were rescued, it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time. We were so happy to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that18 we wouldn't be back for quite a while. 16引导让步状语从句 17引导时间状语从句 18引导宾语从句
虽然几天后我们就获救了，但却觉得像是过了好几个月。我们被带到了一个很远的县的一座小镇上。万幸的是，斯玛蒂及时回了家。我们都很高兴能带上它，不过那时我们都没料到这一去就很久都回不来。
Now, one year has passed and I'm back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back. Although19 we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives20. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans21, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on22. 19引导让步状语从句 20不定式短语作目的状语 21不定式短语作后置定语 22独立主格结构，充当状语
现在，事情已经过去了一年，我也重新回到了位于新奥尔良的家。有的人家仍然流落在外，但也有许多人已经回来了。虽然我们周围的一切都提醒着我们这里曾发生的灾难，但大家都在为重建家园和生活而一同努力着。现在我们又能仰望新奥尔良的星空了。星空的美鼓舞着我们，让我们有信心继续前行。
阅读领悟
(一)文章细节填空
when 1.In__August
where 2.New__Orleans
who 3.I,__Mom,__Smartie
what 4.My__experience__in__the__hurricane
(二)补全文章结构图
(三)问题链
1．What was the author doing when the roof flew off during the hurricane
He__was__sitting__in__his__room__with__his__cat__on__his__lap.
2．How did the author feel when the hurricane happened
He__was__so__frightened__that__he__just__froze.
3．What difficulties were the family facing
Lack__of__drinking__water,__hot__weather,__unpleasant__smell,__mosquitoes,__and__depressed__mood.
探究一 热词
1.nowhere adv. 什么地方都不，无处 n. 不存在的地方(教材P90)
nowhere to go 无处可去 get (sb) nowhere (让某人)毫无进展 nowhere near 远未，远不及 nowhere to be found/seen 不可能找到/看见 out of/from nowhere 突然发生；突然出现
【语境感知】
①The poor old man has nowhere to go.
这个可怜的老人无处可去。
②Other time they simply run out of steam trying to get somewhere, but get nowhere.
另一些时候，他们只是耗尽精力试图有所成就，但却毫无进展。
③What you have done is nowhere near satisfactory. You must do it again.
你做的远未令人满意，你必须再做一遍。
④In the last seconds of the race, he came from nowhere and won.
在比赛的最后几秒钟，他突然出现并赢得了比赛。
nowhere含有否定意义，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The robber had escaped and was nowhere to be__found (find) when the police arrived.
②There is nowhere to__hide (hide) when things go wrong, no organization to cocoon you from blame.
【学会表达】完成句子
③这远远不像大卫预料的那样痛苦。
It__was__nowhere__near as painful as David had expected.
2.otherwise adv. 否则，要不然；除此以外；在其他方面(教材P91)
and otherwise 等等，及其他 or otherwise 否则，或相反 otherwise than 不同于；不是……而是……
【语境感知】
①Listen to your inner voice, otherwise you might regret.
听从你内心的声音，不然你可能会后悔。
②I was feeling really ill, mentally and otherwise.
我觉得身心俱疲。
③We need to assess the situation accurately, or otherwise we risk making a wrong decision.
我们需要准确评估形势，否则有可能做出错误的决定。
④He never teaches them any otherwise than by example.
他除了示范以外从来不用别的方法教他们。
otherwise意为“否则，要不然”讲时，其后的句子所描述的情况如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气；如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气。对现在情况的虚拟，谓语动词用would (not)＋do；对过去情况的虚拟，谓语动词用would (not)＋have done。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It was necessary to discover the truth or otherwise of these statements.
②I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I would__go (go) mad.
【学会表达】完成句子
③我坚信他不是我们想象的那种人。
I firmly believe he is otherwise__than__we__thought．
④她很害羞，但在其他方面是个非常友好的人。
She's quite shy, but__otherwise__a__very__friendly__person.
3.threat n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)(教材P94)
threaten v. 威胁到，危及 threat of ……的威胁 pose a threat to 对……构成威胁 under threat of 在……的威胁下 threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事；扬言要做某事；（坏事）可能发生，可能引发 threaten sb with sth 用某物来威胁某人
【语境感知】
①The threat of air pollution is real and we shouldn't avoid the responsibility to fight it.
空气污染的威胁是真实存在的，我们不应该逃避与之斗争的责任。
②This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain.
这会对农业和食物链造成威胁。
③He threatened to call the police if we didn't leave.
如果我们不走，他就威胁要报警。
④They threaten him with violence.
他们对他进行暴力威胁。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job.
②The company threatened to__fire (fire) workers if the union didn't agree to the proposed contract.
③The boss threatened the employee with dismissal if he didn't improve his work performance.
【学会表达】完成句子
④亚马孙雨林的砍伐威胁着地球的气候变化。
The deforestation in the Amazon rainforest threatens__the__planet__with__climate__change.
4.shelter n. 庇护，掩蔽；掩蔽处，避身处；住处 v. 掩蔽，庇护；躲避(教材P94)
under the shelter of ... 在……的庇护下 take shelter from ... 躲避…… an animal shelter 动物收容所 shelter ... from ... 保护/庇护……免受…… shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight 避雨/风/光
【语境感知】
①People have the favorable conditions to live and work under the shelter of the country.
人民在国家的庇护之下得以安居乐业。
②People take shelter from the snow at the entrance of a subway station.
人们在一个地铁站的入口处避雪。
③He is trying to shelter his boss from criticism.
他正试图保护老板免受批评。
④The climbers had to shelter from the rain in a mountain hut.
登山者们不得不在山里的一个小棚中避雨。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①We sheltered from the rain in a doorway.
②Under the shelter of the bay there was no risk to a boat in the hands of experienced sailors.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③树木能为房屋遮风挡雨。
Trees__can__shelter__the__house__from__the__wind__and__rain.
④在炎热的天气里，动物往往停止运动，在树下躲避太阳。
In__hot__weather,__animals__tend__to__stop__moving__and__take__shelter__from__the__sun__under__trees.
5.sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的→sufficiently adv. 充分地，足够地
【语境感知】
We have sufficient resources, and we are sufficiently prepared for the project.
我们有足够的资源，我们为这个项目做好了充分的准备。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The following day she felt sufficiently (sufficient) well to go to work.
【学会表达】翻译句子
②没有足够的证据很难得出结论。
It__is__not__easy__to__draw__a__conclusion__without__sufficient__evidence.
探究二 长难句分析
6.I was so frightened that I just froze.(教材P90) 我吓呆了。
【分析】 so/such ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，其中的that引导结果状语从句。 so that so＋adj./adv.＋that ... so＋adj.＋a（n）＋可数名词单数＋that ... so＋many/few/much/little＋n.＋that ... such that such＋a（n）＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that ... such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that ... such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that ...
【语境感知】
①I was so surprised that I just stood there, holding the notes in my hands.
我手里拿着钱，只是吃惊地站在那儿。
②There was so much work to do that everybody got bored.
有这么多的工作要做，每个人都感到厌倦了。
③He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他取得了很大的进步，老师们对他很满意。
当so或such位于句首时，句子应采用部分倒装。
【学会运用】选词填空(so/such)
①It's so crowded on the bus that I can't find anywhere to sit.
②There was so much rain last spring that the vegetables did not grow well.
③It is such a beautiful picture that everyone wants to buy it.
【学会表达】完成句子
④这篇文章太难了，以至于我几乎读不懂。(倒装)
So__difficult__is__the__article that I can hardly understand it.
7.He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.(教材P91) 风暴袭来的那一刻它就失踪了。
【分析】 the moment用作连词，引导时间状语从句。 名词短语the moment, the minute, the second, the instant等引导时间状语，表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as 由time构成的名词短语each/every time, the first/last time, next time及the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week 等也可以引导时间状语从句 immediately, directly, instantly等也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as
【语境感知】
①The moment he came, he joined in our discussion.
他一来就加入到了我们的讨论之中。
②The audiences will cheer every time the artist appears on the stage.
每次这位艺术家出现在舞台上，观众们都会欢呼。
③Immediately she'd gone, I remembered her name.
她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。
当no sooner ... than ..., hardly ... when ... 引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。当no sooner 和hardly提到句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I went home directly (direct) I had finished the work.
②No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
③Hardly had they finished (finish) their work when the electricity was cut off.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我一见到他就会把信给他。
I'll__give__him__the__letter__the__moment/minute/second/instant__I__see__him.
⑤我首次尝试骑自行车时摔倒了。
The__first__time__I__tried__to__ride__a__bike,__I__fell__off.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词和词块的词义
(E)1.the Big Dipper A．n. 蚊子
(C)2.lap B．n. 飓风
(D)3.helicopter C．n. (坐着时的)大腿部
(B)4.hurricane D．n. 直升机
(A)5.mosquito E．北斗七星
b.匹配下列短语的词义
(E)6.keep on A．突然之间
(C)7.look out for B．还没有
(A)8.all of a sudden C．留意，注意；提防
(D)9.the open air D．户外
(B)10.have yet to E．继续
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的
2．county n. (美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
3．nowhere adv. 什么地方都不，无处
4．midnight n. 子夜，午夜
5．property n. 所有物，资产，财产
6．reminder n. 提醒人的事物
7．shelter n. 庇护，掩蔽
8．billion num. 十亿
9．threat n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
10．otherwise adv. 否则，要不然
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Mr Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he might have__come (come) over to help us.
2．Publishers don't see e books as a threat to written books.
3．Young as/though she is, the girl has a remarkable reading ability.
4．It's neither aliens nor a rare disease that will threaten (threat) the human race in the future, but climate change.
5．Linda is so tired that she couldn't go any more.
6．When completed (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
7．What he wants to do is (to)__go (go) home.
8．If she knew (know) English, she wouldn't ask me for help.
Ⅳ.选词填空
billion, property, sufficient, threaten, shelter, remind, rebuild, frighten
1．Social media addiction is a threat to our health.
2．He made over the property to his eldest son.
3．I'm frightened of walking home alone in the dark.
4．By this time she was sufficiently recovered to be back at work.
5．Some animals use the branches for building their shelters．
6．The government has invested billions of dollars in the project.
7．The incident served as a timely reminder of just how dangerous mountaineering can be.
8．Little by little, I stepped out of the shadow and rebuilt my confidence.
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．All__of__a__sudden (突然之间) someone grabbed me around the neck.
2．We sleep out under the stars, and eat__our__meals__in__the__open__air (在户外用餐)．
3．I__have__yet__to__find__a__restaurant (我还没有找到一家餐厅) that makes pizza better than my mom.
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．我一闭上眼睛就睡着了。(the moment引导时间状语从句)
The__moment__I__closed__my__eyes,__I__fell__asleep.
2．他正在睡觉，这时有敲门声。(be doing ... when ... )
He__was__sleeping__when__there__was__a__knock__at__the__door.
3．如果我是你的话，我会把它再读一遍。(if引导虚拟条件句)
If__I__were__you,__I__would__read__it__again.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
A large flood caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow hit America's Yellowstone National Park. It caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes.
It changed the path of a river popular for fishing and also devastated hundreds of homes, bridges and roadways in nearby communities. It drove more than 10，000 visitors out of the park. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. The water also washed away camp structures, flooded small towns and cut power to parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming.
The Yellowstone River was running at a historically high level of 4.9 meters as it flowed past Billings, Montana's largest city. The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant (工厂) because it couldn't operate effectively with water levels that high. Billings officials said the city only had a 24 hour supply of water. They were asking people to save water until the river could drop and the plant could restart operations.
Yellowstone officials said, “The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect local economies that depend on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大洪水对美国黄石公园的破坏和影响。
1．What does the underlined word “devastated” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Ruined. B．Promoted.
C．Challenged. D．Demanded.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes.(它造成了广泛的破坏，并导致了许多变化。)”及画线词后的“hundreds of homes, bridges and roadways in nearby communities”可知，洪水摧毁了附近社区数百座房屋、桥梁和道路。由此可推知，画线词意为“毁坏”。故选A。
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．The flood lasted quite long.
B．The flood left bad effects.
C．The flood was caused for some reasons.
D．The flood killed 10，000 visitors.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，洪水改变了一条常用于捕鱼的河流的路径，也摧毁了附近社区的数百座房屋、桥梁和道路。它把一万多名游客赶出了公园。洪水还冲毁了营地建筑，淹没了小城镇，并切断了蒙大拿州南部和怀俄明州北部部分地区的电力供应。即洪水产生了恶劣的影响。故选B。
3．What happened to the treatment plant in Billings after the flood
A．It needed new equipment to supply water.
B．It cut down the city's water supply for 24 hours.
C．It was forced to operate in 24 hours.
D．It stopped working.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The city got its water ... with water levels that high.”可知，比林斯市的处理厂由于洪水被强行关闭。故选D。
4．What's the Yellowstone officials' attitude to the park repairs and economic recovery
A．Positive. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncertain. D．Curious.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The northern half of the park ... park repairs and economic recovery.(整个夏天，公园的北半部可能会继续关闭。这将对依赖夏季游客的地方经济产生巨大影响。但我们对公园的修复和经济复苏有信心。)”可推知，黄石的官员对于公园维修和经济复苏仍然持有积极的态度。故选A。
B
A research on how a new virtual reality experience educated children about the fire disasters was done. It was developed by the University of South Australia, aiming to educate children to learn how to be safe in a fire. It presents a situation for children aged 10－12. In the situation, They are tasked to look after a friend's dog just before a fire event begins. They participate in a series of problem solving activities to help save and protect themselves and the dog.
The findings showed that more than 80% of children reported that they felt more confident to tell the advantages and disadvantages of different choices. They also learnt to make wise decisions to protect themselves from a fire. Children thought it is especially important and meaningful, because 91% of them didn't have any knowledge of fires at the beginning, and that 67% had said that they were too young to make safety decisions in a fire.
The researchers believed such VR experiences made it possible to attract and educate the young. “As children born in digital times, they are interested in such technology and they can experience events realistically yet within the safe environment.” said Delene Weber, one of the researchers. “Well designed VR can provide a chance for children with surprisingly valuable learning tools.” Meanwhile, because children have fewer life experiences, aren't as physically strong, and are less likely to have learned much about fire safety, they're often most at risk. However, the ability for children to contribute to fire safety at their homes should not be underestimated (低估). “Children do not need to be always waiting for help in disasters and with those virtual reality experiences, we can help children understand the risks and realize they can help，” said Weber.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的虚拟现实体验如何教育儿童了解火灾。
5．What is the purpose of the new VR experience
A．To describe children's reactions to fire disasters.
B．To teach children to save themselves in a fire.
C．To introduce ways of avoiding a fire to children.
D．To increase children's interest in VR experiences.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was developed ... in a fire.”可知，新的VR体验的目的是教孩子们在火灾中自救。故选B。
6．From the findings, what is the children's attitude towards the new VR experience
A．Doubtful. B．Worried.
C．Uncertain. D．Supportive.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Children thought it is especially important and meaningful”可推知，从调查结果来看，孩子们对新的VR体验的态度是支持的。故选D。
7．From Paragraph 3, we mainly get to know the________of the new VR experience.
A．development B．advantages
C．quality D．introduction
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“The researchers believed ... educate the young.(研究人员认为，这样的虚拟现实体验可以吸引和教育年轻人。)”及下文内容可知，本段主要介绍了新的VR体验在儿童消防教育方面的优势和重要意义。故选B。
8．Which of the following is mentioned in this passage
A．Children make no differences in the fire safety at their homes.
B．VR experiences are mainly designed for children in high school.
C．Well designed VR can offer children amazingly valuable learning tools.
D．91% of children believed they were not old enough to make safety decisions.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well designed VR ... valuable learning tools.”可知，精心设计的VR可以为孩子们提供非常有价值的学习工具。故选C。
Ⅱ 应用文写作
由于连日大雨，你所在的城市发生水灾，假如你是一名小记者，请你给当地的一家英语报纸写一份报道。内容包括：
1．水灾发生的原因和简况；
2．水灾造成的影响；
3．灾后情况。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：共同努力 joint effort
[精彩范文]
A terrible flood struck our city yesterday because it had been raining heavily for days, causing a severe loss of people's lives and property.
A large number of trees fell down and roads were destroyed.Furthermore, the traffic had to stop for a few hours and the water and electricity supply in some areas were cut off, which had greatly affected people's daily life.
Shortly after the flood occurred, large quantities of food, water, tents, and medicine were transported to the flood stricken area and many soldiers were immediately sent to the spot to rescue people from danger.
With the joint effort of the local government and people, we believe that everything will return to normal soon.
单元写作
单元写作——写一篇安全指南
本单元的写作任务是写一篇安全指南。自然灾害是人类不可抗拒的灾害，每年自然灾害都给世界造成巨大的影响，对人类的经济和生存环境造成了不可估量的破坏。每年都有大量的人死于自然灾害，因此了解并向他人普及相关安全知识显得尤为重要。
此类文章通常包括以下两方面：
1．写作背景及写作目的。
2．具体的建议(可按灾害前、灾害中、灾害后来写)。
写作时要注意以下两点：
1．注意文章的主体时态。由于这类文章陈述的内容与现在的情况有关，因此，文章的时态应以一般现在时为主。
2．把握语言特点，此类说明文的语言要简洁、凝练，可适当运用祈使句。
____________________ (自然灾害) is/are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters. It often occurs following ____________________ (形成原因1) or several days of ____________________ (形成原因2). It occurs suddenly, due to rapidly ____________________ (形成原因3). Learn what to do to keep your loved ones safe! Talk with your family about what to do if ____________________ (方法1). ____________________ (方法2), especially for younger children. Get to higher ground. Let friends and family know you're safe. Be cautious of electrically charged water. Do not drive ____________________ (方法3)．
※开头常用句式
1．Natural disasters frequently take place on earth.
地球上自然灾害频繁发生。
2．Therefore, I'm writing to offer some important tips to protect you from possible injuries.
因此，我给你提供一些重要的建议，以保护你免受可能的伤害。
3．Here, I'd like to offer you some advice/tips on how to ...
在这里，我想就如何……给你一些建议/提示。
※主体段落常用句式
1．Do remember not to run in a hurry when ...
当……时，切记不要匆忙地跑。
2．It is recommended that ...
人们建议……
3．The first thing to do is ... /Secondly ... /Besides ...
首先要做的是……/其次……/除此之外……
4．You ought to/You should/You'd better ...
你应该/你最好……
5．Make sure that ...
确保……
6．Stay away from ...
远离……
※结尾常用句式
1．In order to avoid further injuries, you are advised to ...
为了避免进一步的伤害，建议你……
2．Check for casualties and damage and seek immediate assistance if necessary.
检查伤亡和损坏情况，必要时立即寻求援助。
3．Never give up hope.
不要放弃希望。
假设你是李华，通过新闻你了解到美国的龙卷风造成了很多人员伤亡，你感到很心痛。为了不让同样的悲剧再次上演，你打算写一篇安全指南。内容包括：
1．龙卷风的特点及危害；
2．龙卷风来袭的注意事项；
3．龙卷风的善后事宜。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Tornadoes are violent: they can completely destroy well made structures, uproot trees and hurl objects through the air like deadly missiles. Although severe tornadoes are most common in the Plains States, they can happen anywhere. Here are a list of things you can do for the safety of yourself and your loved ones.
Before a Tornado
Listen to local area radio or TV stations for the latest information and updates.
During a Tornado
Seek shelter in a basement or sturdy building.
If you can't quickly walk into a shelter, immediately get into a vehicle and try to drive to the closest sturdy shelter. Remember to use your seat belt if driving.
After a Tornado
If evacuated, return only when authorities say it is safe to do so.
Check for injuries. If you are trained, provide first aid to persons in need until emergency responders arrive.
读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On 5 July this year, I was at home alone in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, playing an online game. I didn't think a rainy Monday night would ever go wrong. Thunder (雷声) crashed in the distance as I sat on my sofa. Rain was dropping on the window and a cool wind blew on to my shoulders from the open window behind me.
At 10 pm, I heard a thunder which was so loud that I thought it was an explosion (爆炸). Then it was as if something extremely heavy suddenly dropped on my body. I couldn't move a little; then I felt hot and cold at the same time. Worse still, I felt heavy and faint. Next came the smell of burnt meat—I looked down at my right arm and saw that it was burning. I cried at once and rushed upstairs in shock and sharp pain to look for my neighbour, Aron, to get help.
He was frightened when seeing me and came to my rescue immediately, catching a wet towel over my arm and trying to judge what had happened. He ran to the living room, thinking the TV might have exploded, and was puzzled when everything seemed to be fine. He rang his doctor friends hurriedly, and they advised him to take me to the hospital in no time. I, too, was trying to find out what had happened, holding my arm in great pain as it continued burning. I couldn't think straight and clearly because I felt at a loss totally till we got to the hospital. When we entered the emergency room, Aron said, “I think she might have been struck by lightning.”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Everyone in the room looked at me with concern and the room went quiet. I was so lucky and grateful to survive the lightning strike.
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I, Aron, Aron's__doctor__friends
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
I was struck by lightning and my arm got__burned.
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
I was happy to play the computer game, but suddenly I was hit by lightning and I was scared and turned to Aron for help. Though Aron was frightened,__he stayed__clam and sent me to the hospital.
5．Read for theme (主题)
A good__neighbor can help a lot.
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
Every__time__I__think__of__the__experience,__I__feel__a__strong__sense__of__happiness__and__appreciation__surging__into__my__mind.
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
After__a__treatment__of__ten__hours,__I__came__to__recover__and__was__out__of__hospital.
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
I was nervous and in pain at the same time but Aron's encouragement made me feel__better．
第二段：
I felt grateful and lucky to have a kind neighbour.
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
When the doctors took the towel off and saw the burn on my arm, they confirmed I had been struck by lightning, saying “without Aron sending you here in time, the situation would be worse.” Without__delay,__they found out the best way to treat me. Aron kept me company, giving me considerate__care__and__comfort,__which was a__great__relief__to me.
第二段：
I think I was fortunate because I had my nice neighbour Aron and other friends, who were there all the time. I was very grateful to my neighbour, who didn't hesitate to give me a__helping__hand selfishly.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。一个雨天，“我”独自在家里玩游戏，因为开着窗户，“我”被雷电击中了右臂，紧急之下，“我”冲到邻居Aron (艾伦)家寻求帮助，Aron把“我”送到医院，医生们会怎么帮助“我”？经过此难，“我”的感悟是什么？
[精彩范文]
Everyone in the room looked at me with concern and the room went quiet. When the doctors took the towel off and saw the burn on my arm, they confirmed I had been struck by lightning, saying “without Aron sending you here in time, the situation would be worse.” Without delay, they found out the best way to treat me. Aron kept me company, giving me considerate care and comfort, which was a great relief to me. After a treatment of ten hours, I came to recover and was out of hospital.
I was so lucky and grateful to survive the lightning strike. I think I was fortunate because I had my nice neighbour Aron and other friends, who were there all the time. I was very grateful to my neighbour, who didn't hesitate to give me a helping hand selfishly. Every time I think of the experience, I feel a strong sense of happiness and appreciation surging into my mind.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1. 2. 3.
1(共100张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
单元主题：人与自然——自然灾害及其防范和应对措施
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
(Reading & Writing)
预学检测 单词打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预学检测 单词打卡
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．hurricane n. ______
2．billion num. _______
3．lap n. _________________
4．helicopter n. ________
5．mosquito n. ______
飓风
十亿
(坐着时的)大腿部
直升机
蚊子
6．midnight n. ____________
7．the Big Dipper ___________
8．the Little Dipper _____________
9．the Milky Way _______
10．county n. ____________________________
11．property n. ____________________
子夜，午夜
北斗七星
小北斗七星
银河
(美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
所有物，资产，财产
二、高频单词：写出英文单词
1．________ adv. 什么地方都不，无处
2．________ adv. 否则，要不然
3．_______ n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
4．_______ n. 庇护，掩蔽
三、拓展单词：写出英文单词，并尝试写出其词性转换(可查字典)
_________ adj. 足够的，充足的→__________ adv. 充分地，足够地
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
___________ 还没有
nowhere
otherwise
threat
shelter
sufficient
sufficiently
have yet to
自主学习 课文语篇
It's strange, but I don't really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap1, when2 the roof just flew off. All of a sudden, there was sky where3 the roof had been. I was so frightened that4 I just froze.
课文三维剖析
Stars after the storm
风暴过后现繁星
1with的复合结构，作________
2be doing sth when ... 是固定句型，意为“正在做某事这时……”
3引导__________从句
4引导__________从句
伴随状语
地点状语
结果状语
说来也怪，我对飓风本身的印象并不深。一切都发生得太快了。当时我正坐在自己房间里，猫咪斯玛蒂趴在我腿上，突然屋顶就飞走了。霎时间，屋顶变成了天空。我吓呆了。
Mom cried to get out quickly, but5 it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere.
5连接________，表示转折
并列分句
妈妈大喊着让我们快跑，但已经来不及了。暴雨迅速倾盆而下，瞬间就将道路淹没成了河流。我们无处可去了。
At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but6 soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside7 was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but8 we couldn't drink any of it otherwise we'd get really sick. We just had drinking water that9 was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie10. He had disappeared the moment11 the storm hit.
6连接________，表示转折
7动名词短语作______
8连接________，表示转折
9引导______从句，修饰______________
10watching ... 和looking ... 是并列关系；going up and down the street 是____________
11引导_________从句，相当于__________
并列分句
主语
并列分句
定语
drinking water
宾语补足语
时间状语
as soon as
一开始我还庆幸我们能待在家里，但很快情况就糟糕起来。没了屋顶，待在屋内是十分危险的。到处都是水，可我们一滴也不能喝，否则就会染上重病。我们只能喝直升机送来的饮用水，但总是不够喝。当时是八月，天气非常非常热，到处都散发着难闻的气味！我只能整天看着街上来来往往的船只，留意寻找斯玛蒂的身影。风暴袭来的那一刻它就失踪了。
Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos. But Mom said that12 whatever13 happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though14. We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left15 were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom's words made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future.
12引导______从句
13引导__________从句
14It作形式主语，真正的主语是___________
15_______从句，省略了关系代词______，修饰______
宾语
让步状语
动词不定式
定语
that
All
我们住在露天的环境里，成了蚊子的一日三餐。不过妈妈说不管发生什么，我们都应该尽量看到事情好的一面。然而保持乐观却不那么容易。我们的家毁了，家里的一切也都没了，斯玛蒂也不见了。我们只剩下身上的衣服了。不过就像妈妈一直提醒我们的那样，好在全家人都在一起而且平安无事。妈妈的话让我们心情好些了。我还记得那时我们躺在午夜的苍穹之下，仰望星空。因为没有灯光，我们能看到北斗七星、小北斗七星和银河。太奇妙了！尽管我们损失惨重，但这样的时刻重新点燃了我们对未来的希望。
Although16 it was only a few days before17 we were rescued, it felt like months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time. We were so happy to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that18 we wouldn't be back for quite a while.
16引导_________从句
17引导_________从句
18引导______从句
让步状语
时间状语
宾语
虽然几天后我们就获救了，但却觉得像是过了好几个月。我们被带到了一个很远的县的一座小镇上。万幸的是，斯玛蒂及时回了家。我们都很高兴能带上它，不过那时我们都没料到这一去就很久都回不来。
Now, one year has passed and I'm back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back. Although19 we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives20. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans21, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on22.
19引导_________从句
20不定式短语作________
21不定式短语作________
22_________结构，充当状语
让步状语
目的状语
后置定语
独立主格
现在，事情已经过去了一年，我也重新回到了位于新奥尔良的家。有的人家仍然流落在外，但也有许多人已经回来了。虽然我们周围的一切都提醒着我们这里曾发生的灾难，但大家都在为重建家园和生活而一同努力着。现在我们又能仰望新奥尔良的星空了。星空的美鼓舞着我们，让我们有信心继续前行。
when 1.__________
where 2.____________
who 3.______________
what 4.________________________
(一)文章细节填空
阅读领悟
In August
New Orleans
I, Mom, Smartie
My experience in the hurricane
(二)补全文章结构图
quickly
frightened
in seconds
nowhere
be rescued
rebuild
(三)问题链
1．What was the author doing when the roof flew off during the hurricane
____________________________________________________________________
2．How did the author feel when the hurricane happened
____________________________________________________________________
3．What difficulties were the family facing
____________________________________________________________________
He was sitting in his room with his cat on his lap.
He was so frightened that he just froze.
Lack of drinking water, hot weather, unpleasant smell, mosquitoes, and depressed mood.
合作探究 课时重点
探究一 热词
（一）高频词
1.nowhere adv. 什么地方都不，无处 n. 不存在的地方(教材P90)
nowhere to go 无处可去
get (sb) nowhere (让某人)毫无进展
nowhere near 远未，远不及
nowhere to be found/seen 不可能找到/看见
out of/from nowhere 突然发生；突然出现
【语境感知】
①The poor old man has nowhere to go.
这个可怜的老人无处可去。
②Other time they simply run out of steam trying to get somewhere, but get nowhere.
另一些时候，他们只是耗尽精力试图有所成就，但却毫无进展。
nowhere含有否定意义，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
③What you have done is nowhere near satisfactory. You must do it again.
你做的远未令人满意，你必须再做一遍。
④In the last seconds of the race, he came from nowhere and won.
在比赛的最后几秒钟，他突然出现并赢得了比赛。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The robber had escaped and was nowhere to ________ (find) when the police arrived.
②There is nowhere _______ (hide) when things go wrong, no organization to cocoon you from blame.
【学会表达】完成句子
③这远远不像大卫预料的那样痛苦。
__________________ as painful as David had expected.
be found
to hide
It was nowhere near
【语境感知】
①Listen to your inner voice, otherwise you might regret.
听从你内心的声音，不然你可能会后悔。
②I was feeling really ill, mentally and otherwise.
我觉得身心俱疲。
2.otherwise adv. 否则，要不然；除此以外；在其他方面(教材P91)
and otherwise 等等，及其他
or otherwise 否则，或相反
otherwise than 不同于；不是……而是……
③We need to assess the situation accurately, or otherwise we risk making a wrong decision.
我们需要准确评估形势，否则有可能做出错误的决定。
④He never teaches them any otherwise than by example.
他除了示范以外从来不用别的方法教他们。
otherwise意为“否则，要不然”讲时，其后的句子所描述的情况如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气；如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气。对现在情况的虚拟，谓语动词用would (not)＋do；对过去情况的虚拟，谓语动词用would (not)＋have done。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It was necessary to discover the truth ____ otherwise of these statements.
②I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I _________ (go) mad.
【学会表达】完成句子
③我坚信他不是我们想象的那种人。
I firmly believe he is ______________________．
④她很害羞，但在其他方面是个非常友好的人。
She's quite shy, ________________________________.
or
would go
otherwise than we thought
but otherwise a very friendly person
3.threat n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)(教材P94)
threaten v. 威胁到，危及
threat of ……的威胁
pose a threat to 对……构成威胁
under threat of 在……的威胁下
threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事；扬言要做某事；（坏事）可能发生，可能引发
threaten sb with sth 用某物来威胁某人
【语境感知】
①The threat of air pollution is real and we shouldn't avoid the responsibility to fight it.
空气污染的威胁是真实存在的，我们不应该逃避与之斗争的责任。
②This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain.
这会对农业和食物链造成威胁。
③He threatened to call the police if we didn't leave.
如果我们不走，他就威胁要报警。
④They threaten him with violence.
他们对他进行暴力威胁。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She felt constrained from continuing by the threat ____ losing her job.
②The company threatened ______ (fire) workers if the union didn't agree to the proposed contract.
③The boss threatened the employee ______ dismissal if he didn't improve his work performance.
【学会表达】完成句子
④亚马孙雨林的砍伐威胁着地球的气候变化。
The deforestation in the Amazon rainforest ________________________________.
of
to fire
with
threatens the planet with climate change
4.shelter n. 庇护，掩蔽；掩蔽处，避身处；住处
v. 掩蔽，庇护；躲避(教材P94)
under the shelter of ... 在……的庇护下
take shelter from ... 躲避……
an animal shelter 动物收容所
shelter ... from ... 保护/庇护……免受……
shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight 避雨/风/光
【语境感知】
①People have the favorable conditions to live and work under the shelter of the country.
人民在国家的庇护之下得以安居乐业。
②People take shelter from the snow at the entrance of a subway station.
人们在一个地铁站的入口处避雪。
③He is trying to shelter his boss from criticism.
他正试图保护老板免受批评。
④The climbers had to shelter from the rain in a mountain hut.
登山者们不得不在山里的一个小棚中避雨。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①We sheltered ______ the rain in a doorway.
②_______ the shelter of the bay there was no risk to a boat in the hands of experienced sailors.
【学会表达】翻译句子
③树木能为房屋遮风挡雨。
____________________________________________________________________
④在炎热的天气里，动物往往停止运动，在树下躲避太阳。
____________________________________________________________________
from
Under
Trees can shelter the house from the wind and rain.
In hot weather, animals tend to stop moving and take shelter from the sun under trees.
【语境感知】
We have sufficient resources, and we are sufficiently prepared for the project.
我们有足够的资源，我们为这个项目做好了充分的准备。
（二）拓展词
5.sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的→___________ adv. 充分地，足够地
sufficiently
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The following day she felt ___________ (sufficient) well to go to work.
【学会表达】翻译句子
②没有足够的证据很难得出结论。
____________________________________________________________________
sufficiently
It is not easy to draw a conclusion without sufficient evidence.
探究二 长难句分析
6.I was so frightened that I just froze.(教材P90)
我吓呆了。
【分析】 so/such ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，其中的that引导结果状语从句。
so that
so＋adj./adv.＋that ...
so＋adj.＋a（n）＋可数名词单数＋that ...
so＋many/few/much/little＋n.＋that …
such that
such＋a（n）＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that ...
such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that ...
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that ...
当so或such位于句首时，句子应采用部分倒装。
【语境感知】
①I was so surprised that I just stood there, holding the notes in my hands.
我手里拿着钱，只是吃惊地站在那儿。
②There was so much work to do that everybody got bored.
有这么多的工作要做，每个人都感到厌倦了。
③He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他取得了很大的进步，老师们对他很满意。
【学会运用】选词填空(so/such)
①It's ____ crowded on the bus that I can't find anywhere to sit.
②There was ____ much rain last spring that the vegetables did not grow well.
③It is _____ a beautiful picture that everyone wants to buy it.
【学会表达】完成句子
④这篇文章太难了，以至于我几乎读不懂。(倒装)
_____________________ that I can hardly understand it.
so
so
such
So difficult is the article
7.He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.(教材P91)
风暴袭来的那一刻它就失踪了。
【分析】 the moment用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
名词短语the moment, the minute, the second, the instant等引导时间状语，表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as
由time构成的名词短语each/every time, the first/last time, next time及the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week 等也可以引导时间状语从句
immediately, directly, instantly等也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as
当no sooner ... than ..., hardly ... when ... 引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。当no sooner 和hardly提到句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
【语境感知】
①The moment he came, he joined in our discussion.
他一来就加入到了我们的讨论之中。
②The audiences will cheer every time the artist appears on the stage.
每次这位艺术家出现在舞台上，观众们都会欢呼。
③Immediately she'd gone, I remembered her name.
她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I went home ________ (direct) I had finished the work.
②No sooner had we arrived at the station ______ the train left.
③Hardly _____ they ________ (finish) their work when the electricity was cut off.
【学会表达】翻译句子
④我一见到他就会把信给他。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤我首次尝试骑自行车时摔倒了。
__________________________________________________________________
directly
than
had
finished
I’ll give him the letter the moment/minute/second/instant I see him.
The first time I tried to ride a bike, I fell off.
对点练习 巩固所学
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a.匹配下列单词和词块的词义
( ) 1.the Big Dipper A．n. 蚊子
( ) 2.lap B．n. 飓风
( ) 3.helicopter C．n. (坐着时的)大腿部
( ) 4.hurricane D．n. 直升机
( ) 5.mosquito E．北斗七星
E
C
D
B
A
b.匹配下列短语的词义
( )6.keep on A．突然之间
( ) 7.look out for B．还没有
( ) 8.all of a sudden C．留意，注意；提防
( ) 9.the open air D．户外
( ) 10.have yet to E．继续
E
C
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．________ adj. 足够的，充足的
2．_______ n. (美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
3．________ adv. 什么地方都不，无处
4．________ n. 子夜，午夜
5．________ n. 所有物，资产，财产
sufficient
county
nowhere
midnight
property
6．________ n. 提醒人的事物
7．_______ n. 庇护，掩蔽
8．_______ num. 十亿
9．______ n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
10．________ adv. 否则，要不然
reminder
shelter
billion
threat
otherwise
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Mr Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he might __________ (come) over to help us.
2．Publishers don't see e books as a threat _____ written books.
3．Young _________ she is, the girl has a remarkable reading ability.
4．It's neither aliens nor a rare disease that will ________ (threat) the human race in the future, but climate change.
have come
to
as/though
threaten
5．Linda is so tired _____ she couldn't go any more.
6．When __________ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
7．What he wants to do is ________ (go) home.
8．If she ______ (know) English, she wouldn't ask me for help.
that
completed
(to) go
knew
Ⅳ.选词填空
1．Social media addiction is a _______ to our health.
2．He made over the ________ to his eldest son.
3．I'm __________ of walking home alone in the dark.
4．By this time she was __________ recovered to be back at work.
threat
billion, property, sufficient, threaten, shelter, remind, rebuild, frighten
property
frightened
sufficiently
5．Some animals use the branches for building their ________．
6．The government has invested _______ of dollars in the project.
7．The incident served as a timely ________ of just how dangerous mountaineering can be.
8．Little by little, I stepped out of the shadow and _______ my confidence.
shelters
billions
reminder
rebuilt
Ⅴ.完成表达
1．______________ (突然之间) someone grabbed me around the neck.
2．We sleep out under the stars, and ________________________ (在户外用餐)．
3．__________________________ (我还没有找到一家餐厅) that makes pizza better than my mom.
All of a sudden
eat our meals in the open air
I have yet to find a restaurant
Ⅵ.完整表达
1．我一闭上眼睛就睡着了。(the moment引导时间状语从句)
____________________________________________________________________
2．他正在睡觉，这时有敲门声。(be doing ... when ... )
____________________________________________________________________
3．如果我是你的话，我会把它再读一遍。(if引导虚拟条件句)
____________________________________________________________________
The moment I closed my eyes, I fell asleep.
He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door.
If I were you, I would read it again.
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%) 中档题(占比70%) 拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ 阅读
A
A large flood caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow hit America's Yellowstone National Park. It caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes.
It changed the path of a river popular for fishing and also devastated hundreds of homes, bridges and roadways in nearby communities. It drove more than 10，000 visitors out of the park. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. The water also washed away camp structures, flooded small towns and cut power to parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming.
The Yellowstone River was running at a historically high level of 4.9 meters as it flowed past Billings, Montana's largest city. The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant (工厂) because it couldn't operate effectively with water levels that high. Billings officials said the city only had a 24 hour supply of water. They were asking people to save water until the river could drop and the plant could restart operations.
Yellowstone officials said, “The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect local economies that depend on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大洪水对美国黄石公园的破坏和影响。
1．What does the underlined word “devastated” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Ruined. B．Promoted.
C．Challenged. D．Demanded.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes.(它造成了广泛的破坏，并导致了许多变化。)”及画线词后的“hundreds of homes, bridges and roadways in nearby communities”可知，洪水摧毁了附近社区数百座房屋、桥梁和道路。由此可推知，画线词意为“毁坏”。故选A。
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．The flood lasted quite long.
B．The flood left bad effects.
C．The flood was caused for some reasons.
D．The flood killed 10，000 visitors.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，洪水改变了一条常用于捕鱼的河流的路径，也摧毁了附近社区的数百座房屋、桥梁和道路。它把一万多名游客赶出了公园。洪水还冲毁了营地建筑，淹没了小城镇，并切断了蒙大拿州南部和怀俄明州北部部分地区的电力供应。即洪水产生了恶劣的影响。故选B。
3．What happened to the treatment plant in Billings after the flood
A．It needed new equipment to supply water.
B．It cut down the city's water supply for 24 hours.
C．It was forced to operate in 24 hours.
D．It stopped working.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The city got its water ... with water levels that high.”可知，比林斯市的处理厂由于洪水被强行关闭。故选D。
4．What's the Yellowstone officials' attitude to the park repairs and economic recovery
A．Positive. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncertain. D．Curious.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The northern half of the park ... park repairs and economic recovery.(整个夏天，公园的北半部可能会继续关闭。这将对依赖夏季游客的地方经济产生巨大影响。但我们对公园的修复和经济复苏有信心。)”可推知，黄石的官员对于公园维修和经济复苏仍然持有积极的态度。故选A。
B
A research on how a new virtual reality experience educated children about the fire disasters was done. It was developed by the University of South Australia, aiming to educate children to learn how to be safe in a fire. It presents a situation for children aged 10－12. In the situation, They are tasked to look after a friend's dog just before a fire event begins. They participate in a series of problem solving activities to help save and protect themselves and the dog.
The findings showed that more than 80% of children reported that they felt more confident to tell the advantages and disadvantages of different choices. They also learnt to make wise decisions to protect themselves from a fire. Children thought it is especially important and meaningful, because 91% of them didn't have any knowledge of fires at the beginning, and that 67% had said that they were too young to make safety decisions in a fire.
The researchers believed such VR experiences made it possible to attract and educate the young. “As children born in digital times, they are interested in such technology and they can experience events realistically yet within the safe environment.” said Delene
Weber, one of the researchers. “Well designed VR can provide a chance for children with surprisingly valuable learning tools.” Meanwhile, because children have fewer life experiences, aren't as physically strong, and are less likely to have learned much about fire safety, they're often most at risk. However, the ability for children to contribute to fire safety at their homes should not be underestimated (低估). “Children do not need to be always waiting for help in disasters and with those virtual reality experiences, we can help children understand the risks and realize they can help，” said Weber.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的虚拟现实体验如何教育儿童了解火灾。
5．What is the purpose of the new VR experience
A．To describe children's reactions to fire disasters.
B．To teach children to save themselves in a fire.
C．To introduce ways of avoiding a fire to children.
D．To increase children's interest in VR experiences.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was developed ... in a fire.”可知，新的VR体验的目的是教孩子们在火灾中自救。故选B。
6．From the findings, what is the children's attitude towards the new VR experience
A．Doubtful. B．Worried.
C．Uncertain. D．Supportive.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Children thought it is especially important and meaningful”可推知，从调查结果来看，孩子们对新的VR体验的态度是支持的。故选D。
7．From Paragraph 3, we mainly get to know the________of the new VR experience.
A．development B．advantages
C．quality D．introduction
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“The researchers believed ... educate the young.(研究人员认为，这样的虚拟现实体验可以吸引和教育年轻人。)”及下文内容可知，本段主要介绍了新的VR体验在儿童消防教育方面的优势和重要意义。故选B。
8．Which of the following is mentioned in this passage
A．Children make no differences in the fire safety at their homes.
B．VR experiences are mainly designed for children in high school.
C．Well designed VR can offer children amazingly valuable learning tools.
D．91% of children believed they were not old enough to make safety decisions.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well designed VR ... valuable learning tools.”可知，精心设计的VR可以为孩子们提供非常有价值的学习工具。故选C。
Ⅱ 应用文写作
由于连日大雨，你所在的城市发生水灾，假如你是一名小记者，请你给当地的一家英语报纸写一份报道。内容包括：
1．水灾发生的原因和简况；
2．水灾造成的影响；
3．灾后情况。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：共同努力 joint effort
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
A terrible flood struck our city yesterday because it had been raining heavily for days, causing a severe loss of people's lives and property.
A large number of trees fell down and roads were destroyed.Furthermore, the traffic had to stop for a few hours and the water and electricity supply in some areas were cut off, which had greatly affected people's daily life.
Shortly after the flood occurred, large quantities of food, water, tents, and medicine were transported to the flood stricken area and many soldiers were immediately sent to the spot to rescue people from danger.
With the joint effort of the local government and people, we believe that everything will return to normal soon.
本单元的写作任务是写一篇安全指南。自然灾害是人类不可抗拒的灾害，每年自然灾害都给世界造成巨大的影响，对人类的经济和生存环境造成了不可估量的破坏。每年都有大量的人死于自然灾害，因此了解并向他人普及相关安全知识显得尤为重要。
单元写作
单元写作——写一篇安全指南
此类文章通常包括以下两方面：
1．写作背景及写作目的。
2．具体的建议(可按灾害前、灾害中、灾害后来写)。
写作时要注意以下两点：
1．注意文章的主体时态。由于这类文章陈述的内容与现在的情况有关，因此，文章的时态应以一般现在时为主。
2．把握语言特点，此类说明文的语言要简洁、凝练，可适当运用祈使句。
____________________ (自然灾害) is/are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters. It often occurs following ____________________ (形成原因1) or several days of ____________________ (形成原因2). It occurs suddenly, due to rapidly ____________________ (形成原因3). Learn what to do to keep your loved ones safe!
Talk with your family about what to do if ____________________ (方法1). ____________________ (方法2), especially for younger children.
Get to higher ground.
Let friends and family know you're safe.
Be cautious of electrically charged water.
Do not drive ____________________ (方法3)．
1．Natural disasters frequently take place on earth.
地球上自然灾害频繁发生。
2．Therefore, I'm writing to offer some important tips to protect you from possible injuries.
因此，我给你提供一些重要的建议，以保护你免受可能的伤害。
3．Here, I'd like to offer you some advice/tips on how to ...
在这里，我想就如何……给你一些建议/提示。
※开头常用句式
1．Do remember not to run in a hurry when ...
当……时，切记不要匆忙地跑。
2．It is recommended that ...
人们建议……
3．The first thing to do is ... /Secondly ... /Besides ...
首先要做的是……/其次……/除此之外……
※主体段落常用句式
4．You ought to/You should/You'd better ...
你应该/你最好……
5．Make sure that ...
确保……
6．Stay away from ...
远离……
1．In order to avoid further injuries, you are advised to ...
为了避免进一步的伤害，建议你……
2．Check for casualties and damage and seek immediate assistance if necessary.
检查伤亡和损坏情况，必要时立即寻求援助。
3．Never give up hope.
不要放弃希望。
※结尾常用句式
假设你是李华，通过新闻你了解到美国的龙卷风造成了很多人员伤亡，你感到很心痛。为了不让同样的悲剧再次上演，你打算写一篇安全指南。内容包括：
1．龙卷风的特点及危害；
2．龙卷风来袭的注意事项；
3．龙卷风的善后事宜。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Tornadoes are violent: they can completely destroy well made structures, uproot trees and hurl objects through the air like deadly missiles. Although severe tornadoes are most common in the Plains States, they can happen anywhere. Here are a list of things you can do for the safety of yourself and your loved ones.
Before a Tornado
Listen to local area radio or TV stations for the latest information and updates.
During a Tornado
Seek shelter in a basement or sturdy building.
If you can't quickly walk into a shelter, immediately get into a vehicle and try to drive to the closest sturdy shelter. Remember to use your seat belt if driving.
After a Tornado
If evacuated, return only when authorities say it is safe to do so.
Check for injuries. If you are trained, provide first aid to persons in need until emergency responders arrive.
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On 5 July this year, I was at home alone in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, playing an online game. I didn't think a rainy Monday night would ever go wrong. Thunder (雷声) crashed in the distance as I sat on my sofa. Rain was dropping on the window and a cool wind blew on to my shoulders from the open window behind me.
读后续写
At 10 pm, I heard a thunder which was so loud that I thought it was an explosion (爆炸). Then it was as if something extremely heavy suddenly dropped on my body. I couldn't move a little; then I felt hot and cold at the same time. Worse still, I felt heavy and faint. Next came the smell of burnt meat—I looked down at my right arm and saw that it was burning. I cried at once and rushed upstairs in shock and sharp pain to look for my neighbour, Aron, to get help.
He was frightened when seeing me and came to my rescue immediately, catching a wet towel over my arm and trying to judge what had happened. He ran to the living room, thinking the TV might have exploded, and was puzzled when everything seemed to be fine. He rang his doctor friends hurriedly, and they advised him to take me to the hospital in no time. I, too, was trying to find out what had happened, holding my arm in great pain as it continued burning. I couldn't think straight and clearly because I felt at a loss totally till we got to the hospital. When we entered the emergency room, Aron said, “I think she might have been struck by lightning.”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Everyone in the room looked at me with concern and the room went quiet.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
I was so lucky and grateful to survive the lightning strike. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I, Aron, ___________________
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
I was struck by lightning and my arm __________.
Aron's doctor friends
got burned
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
I was _______ to play the computer game, but suddenly I was hit by lightning and I was _______ and turned to Aron for help. Though Aron was _________, he ___________ and sent me to the hospital.
5．Read for theme (主题)
A ____________ can help a lot.
happy
scared
frightened
stayed clam
good neighbor
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
____________________________________________________________________
Every time I think of the experience, I feel a strong sense of happiness and appreciation surging into my mind.
4步确定框架
After a treatment of ten hours, I came to recover and was out of hospital.
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
I was ________ and in pain at the same time but Aron's encouragement made me __________．
第二段：
I felt ________ and _______ to have a kind neighbour.
nervous
feel better
grateful
lucky
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
When the doctors took the towel off and saw the burn on my arm, they ________ I had been struck by lightning, saying “without Aron sending you here in time, the situation would be worse.” ___________, they found out the best way to treat me. Aron kept me company, giving me _______________________, which was __________ to me.
第二段：
I think I was ________ because I had my nice neighbour Aron and other friends, who were there all the time. I was very _______ to my neighbour, who didn't hesitate to give me _____________ selfishly.
confirmed
Without delay
considerate care and comfort
a great relief
fortunate
grateful
a helping hand
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。一个雨天，“我”独自在家里玩游戏，因为开着窗户，“我”被雷电击中了右臂，紧急之下，“我”冲到邻居Aron (艾伦)家寻求帮助，Aron把“我”送到医院，医生们会怎么帮助“我”？经过此难，“我”的感悟是什么？
[精彩范文]
Everyone in the room looked at me with concern and the room went quiet. When the doctors took the towel off and saw the burn on my arm, they confirmed I had been struck by lightning, saying “without Aron sending you here in time, the situation would be worse.” Without delay, they found out the best way to treat me. Aron kept me company, giving me considerate care and comfort, which was a great relief to me. After a treatment of ten hours, I came to recover and was out of hospital.
I was so lucky and grateful to survive the lightning strike. I think I was fortunate because I had my nice neighbour Aron and other friends, who were there all the time. I was very grateful to my neighbour, who didn't hesitate to give me a helping hand selfishly. Every time I think of the experience, I feel a strong sense of happiness and appreciation surging into my mind.
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1.
2.
3.
