初中英语高频易混词汇精编
(20组核心考点 + 梯度训练)
一、易混词汇深度辨析
使用说明
本资料聚焦初中教材高频易混词汇,按 “词性 / 功能” 分类重构逻辑,剔除超纲内容与低频考点,所有例句贴合校园、家庭、日常交际等教材场景,训练题对标中考题型,既适合课堂同步巩固,也可用于课后专项突破。
(一)词性差异类(4 组)
1. ill, sick
考点提示:中考常考定语 / 表语用法辨析,多在完形填空、选词填空中出现
辨析要点:ill 仅作表语,不能修饰名词;sick 可作定语(修饰人 / 动物)或表语
教材化例句:
My father is ill, so he can’t go to work today.(表语)
We should help the sick student with his lessons.(定语)
2. good, well
考点提示:形容词 / 副词用法区分是基础考点,常结合动词修饰、情景交际考查
辨析要点:good 是形容词,修饰名词;well 作副词修饰动词,仅表 “身体好” 时作形容词
教材化例句:
This is a good book for junior high students.(修饰名词)
She sings well and often performs at school events.(修饰动词)
— How are you today — I’m well, thank you.(表身体状况)
3. late, lately
考点提示:副词词义辨析,中考完形填空中高频出现
辨析要点:late 表 “迟、晚”(可作形容词 / 副词);lately 仅作副词,表 “最近、近来”
教材化例句:
Don’t be late for class.(形容词)
He has been very busy lately.(副词,最近)
4. deep, deeply
考点提示:副词具体 / 抽象含义区分,常结合情感、场景描写考查
辨析要点:deep 表具体的 “深”(空间、深度);deeply 表抽象的 “深”(情感、程度)
教材化例句:
The swimming pool is 2 meters deep.(具体深度)
We are deeply grateful to our teachers.(抽象情感)
(二)动作类辨析(6 组)
5. bring, take, carry, fetch
考点提示:中考核心动作动词辨析,多在情景对话、选词填空中考查
辨析要点:
bring:从别处带到说话人身边(拿来)
take:从说话人身边带到别处(带走)
carry:随身携带,无明确方向(侧重负重)
fetch:往返动作(去 + 回,取回)
教材化例句:
Please bring your homework to school tomorrow.(带到学校 / 说话人处)
Take this notebook to the teacher’s office.(带到别处)
He carries a schoolbag to school every day.(随身携带)
Could you fetch a ruler from the classroom (去教室取回)
6. join, join in, take part in
考点提示:“参加” 类动词辨析,中考单选、完形高频考点
辨析要点:
join:加入组织 / 人群(成为一员),后接俱乐部、团队、某人
join in:参加小型即兴活动(如游戏、讨论)
take part in:参加大型正式活动(如比赛、会议、运动)
教材化例句:
Many students join the school English club.(加入组织)
Let’s join in the class discussion.(小型活动)
We will take part in the school sports meeting.(大型活动)
7. raise, rise
考点提示:及物 / 不及物动词区分,中考语法填空、单选常考
辨析要点:raise 是及物动词(后接宾语),表 “提高、筹集、养育”;rise 是不及物动词(不接宾语),表 “上升、升起”
教材化例句:
The teacher raises her voice to make students hear clearly.(及物,提高)
The sun rises early in summer.(不及物,升起)
8. borrow, lend
考点提示:“借” 的方向辨析,中考单选、情景对话必考点
辨析要点:borrow 是 “向别人借”(借入),搭配 borrow sth. from sb.;lend 是 “借给别人”(借出),搭配 lend sth. to sb.
教材化例句:
I borrow a dictionary from the library every week.(借入)
Could you lend your pen to me (借出)
9. leave, leave for
考点提示:“离开 / 前往” 词义辨析,中考完形、阅读理解常考
辨析要点:leave 表 “离开某地”;leave for 表 “前往某地”
教材化例句:
We usually leave school at 5 p.m.(离开)
They will leave for Beijing to visit the Great Wall.(前往)
10. win, beat
考点提示:“赢” 的对象辨析,中考单选、完形高频考点
辨析要点:win 后接 “比赛、奖品、荣誉” 等事物;beat 后接 “人、团队、对手” 等对象
教材化例句:
Our class won the basketball match.(赢比赛)
She beat all her classmates in the English exam.(击败对手)
(三)情感 / 状态类辨析(3 组)
11. quiet, silent, still
考点提示:形容词词义辨析,中考完形填空中常结合语境考查
辨析要点:
quiet:环境不嘈杂(可含轻微声音)
silent:不说话、不发声(侧重沉默)
still:完全不动(侧重动作停止)
教材化例句:
Keep quiet in the reading room.(环境安静)
He remained silent when the teacher asked him a question.(沉默不语)
Stand still and let the teacher take your photo.(保持不动)
12. happy, glad
考点提示:基础情感形容词辨析,中考情景交际、选词填空常考
辨析要点:happy 可作定语或表语,表 “高兴、幸福”;glad 仅作表语,表 “高兴、乐意”
教材化例句:
She has a happy family.(定语)
I’m glad to help you with your English.(表语)
13. be tired of, be tired from/with
考点提示:固定搭配辨析,中考单选、完形高频考点
辨析要点:be tired of 表主观 “厌烦某事”;be tired from/with 表客观 “因某事而累”
教材化例句:
I’m tired of doing the same homework every day.(厌烦)
We are tired from climbing the mountain.(因爬山累)
(四)固定搭配类(7 组)
14. able, capable
考点提示:固定搭配差异,中考语法填空、改错常考
辨析要点:able 搭配 to do;capable 搭配 of doing(初中阶段侧重 able 的用法)
教材化例句:
She is able to finish her homework on time.
He is capable of solving simple math problems.(补充考点,不超纲)
15. worth, worthy
考点提示:“值得” 的搭配辨析,中考单选、完形常考
辨析要点:worth 后接 doing(主动表被动);worthy 后接 to be done 或 of being done
教材化例句:
This film is worth watching.
This book is worthy of being read.
16. want, hope, wish
考点提示:动词搭配与语气辨析,中考单选、语法填空核心考点
辨析要点:
want:搭配 want to do /want sb. to do(表 “想要”)
hope:搭配 hope to do /hope that 从句(表 “可实现的希望”)
wish:搭配 wish to do /wish sb. sth. /wish that 从句(表 “难实现的愿望”,从句用虚拟)
教材化例句:
I want to learn English well.
We hope we can pass the exam.
She wishes she could visit the UK.
17. discover, invent, find out
考点提示:动词词义辨析,中考单选、阅读理解常考
辨析要点:
discover:发现本来存在但不为人知的事物
invent:发明本来不存在的新事物
find out:通过努力查明真相、弄清结果
教材化例句:
Columbus discovered America.
Edison invented the light bulb.
The teacher found out who broke the window.
18. rob, steal
考点提示:固定搭配辨析,中考完形、改错常考
辨析要点:rob 表 “抢劫”,搭配 rob sb. of sth.;steal 表 “偷”,搭配 steal sth. from sb.
教材化例句:
A thief robbed the old man of his money.
Someone stole a bike from the school yard.
19. search, search for
考点提示:固定搭配辨析,中考单选、完形常考
辨析要点:search 后接地点(搜查某地);search for 后接目标(寻找某物 / 人)
教材化例句:
The police searched the classroom for the missing watch.
They are searching for their lost dog.
20. spend, take, cost, pay
考点提示:“花费” 类动词辨析,中考单选、完形核心考点
辨析要点:
spend:人作主语,搭配 spend time/money on sth. / (in) doing sth.
take:it 作形式主语,搭配 It takes sb. time to do sth.
cost:物作主语,搭配 sth. costs sb. money
pay:人作主语,搭配 pay money for sth.
教材化例句:
I spend two hours on my homework every day.
It takes him 10 minutes to walk to school.
This pen costs me 20 yuan.
She paid 50 yuan for the book.
二、梯度强化训练(对标中考题型)
(一)基础巩固:选词填空(直接考查辨析要点)
My mother is ______ (ill / sick), so I need to call a ______ (ill / sick) doctor.
He ______ (borrowed / lent) a storybook from me yesterday and promised to return it soon.
It ______ (takes / spends) me half an hour to practice English every morning.
We ______ (won / beat) the football match and ______ (won / beat) Class 2.
She is ______ (tired of / tired from) cleaning the room all morning.
(二)语境运用:完形填空(结合教材场景)
Yesterday, Tom 1. ______ (borrowed / lent) a bike from his friend Jack. He planned to 2. ______ (take / bring) it to the park to meet his classmates. When he got to the park, he found it was very 3. ______ (quiet / silent) because most students hadn’t arrived yet. He sat down and waited. After a while, his classmates came and invited him to 4. ______ (join / take part in) their game. Tom had a good time. In the evening, he 5. ______ (spent / took) an hour returning the bike to Jack. He felt a little 6. ______ (tired of / tired from) walking, but he was glad to keep his promise.
(三)中考衔接:单项选择(适配中考真题题型)
1.— How long have you ______ a cold — For three days. I ______ it last Sunday.
A. had; caught B. caught; had C. had; have D. caught; caught
2.The government plans to ______ the price of school meals to help poor students.
A. rise B. raise C. take D. bring
3.Scientists have ______ a new way to treat this disease. It’s a great discovery.
A. invented B. discovered C. found out D. looked for
4.— Could you ______ me your notebook I left mine at home.
— Sure. But you must return it tomorrow.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. carry
5.It ______ her two years to learn how to play the piano.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
(四)易错突破:句子改错(针对高频错误)
I hope my parents to buy me a new phone.(______ 改为 ______)
He is able of finishing this work alone.(______ 改为 ______)
The thief stole the old woman’s purse of her.(______ 改为 ______)
She spent 100 yuan to buy this skirt.(______ 改为 ______)
They will leave Beijing to Shanghai next week.(______ 改为 ______)
三、答案与解析(附解题技巧)
(一)基础巩固:选词填空
ill; sick(技巧:ill 仅作表语,sick 可作定语修饰名词)
borrowed(技巧:borrow 是 “借入”,from 提示方向)
takes(技巧:it 作主语,搭配 take 的固定句型)
won; beat(技巧:win 接 “比赛”,beat 接 “团队”)
tired from(技巧:“打扫房间” 是客观原因,用 tired from)
(二)语境运用:完形填空
borrowed(从朋友处借入,用 borrow)
take(把自行车带到公园,远离说话人,用 take)
quiet(公园环境不嘈杂,用 quiet)
join in(参加游戏这类小型活动,用 join in)
spent(人作主语,搭配 spend time doing sth.)
tired from(走路是客观原因导致劳累,用 tired from)
(三)中考衔接:单项选择
A(技巧:have a cold 是持续状态,与 for 连用;catch a cold 是瞬间动作,用在过去时)
B(技巧:raise 是及物动词 “提高”,后接宾语 price;rise 是不及物动词,无宾语)
B(技巧:“新方法” 是本来存在未被发现的,用 discover;invent 指发明新事物)
B(技巧:lend 是 “借出”,符合 “借笔记本给对方” 的语境)
C(技巧:it 作主语,搭配 It takes sb. time to do sth. 固定句型)
(四)易错突破:句子改错
hope → want(技巧:hope 不能接 sb. to do,want 可接该结构)
of → to(技巧:able 搭配 to do,capable 搭配 of doing)
stole the old woman’s purse of her → robbed the old woman of her purse(技巧:steal 搭配 steal sth. from sb.,rob 搭配 rob sb. of sth.,此处语义是 “抢劫”,用 rob)
to buy → buying(技巧:spend 搭配 (in) doing sth.)
to → for(技巧:leave for 是固定搭配,表 “前往某地”)
四、拓展积累(贴合教材拓展,不超纲)
补充高频易混词:affect(动词,影响)/effect(名词,影响)
常用搭配口诀:“借进 borrow from,借出 lend to;花费 spend 人做主,take 用 it 当主语”
中考易错点总结:瞬间动作(catch a cold, borrow)不可与 for/since 连用,需换持续状态词(have a cold, keep)