初中英语书面表达10大常见扣分项大汇总
一、英语写作 10 大常见扣分项
01. 时态混用问题
核心问题:除了一般过去时 / 现在时混用,还常出现 “现在完成时 + 过去时间状语”“过去进行时与一般过去时错位” 等问题。
更多错例:
He has visited Beijing last summer.(现在完成时不能接具体过去时间 last summer)
While I watched TV, my mom came back.(while 引导的持续动作需用过去进行时)
正确表达:
He visited Beijing last summer. / He has visited Beijing twice.
While I was watching TV, my mom came back.
教学策略:
用 “时态时间轴” 可视化:将 “过去(yesterday/last week)、现在(now/every day)、过去持续(while/when)、现在完成(already/yet)” 对应到时间轴上,让学生直观理解时态与时间的匹配关系。
02. 主谓不一致问题
核心问题:忽略 “集体名词(family/team)、不定代词(everyone/nothing)、并列主语” 的主谓规则。
更多错例:
Everyone in my class like English.(不定代词 everyone 作主语,谓语用单数)
My family are going to have a trip.(family 指 “家庭整体” 时,谓语用单数)
正确表达:
Everyone in my class likes English.
My family is going to have a trip.(指整体)/ My family are busy with their work.(指家庭成员)
教学策略:
整理 “特殊主语主谓表”(如:something→is,people→are,A and B→are),通过 “主语替换 + 谓语判断” 游戏(如把 “everyone” 换成 “he”,快速确定谓语单数)强化记忆。
03. 名词单复数与冠词问题(补充:不可数名词量化 + 冠词特指 / 泛指)
核心问题:不可数名词量化错误(如 “two bread”)、冠词特指(the)与泛指(a/an)混淆。
更多错例:
She bought two bread for breakfast.(bread 不可数,需用 “two pieces of bread”)
I want to visit the Great Wall and a Summer Palace.(专有名词 Summer Palace 前用 the)
正确表达:
She bought two pieces of bread for breakfast.
I want to visit the Great Wall and the Summer Palace.
教学策略:
用 “量词公式” 记忆不可数量化:数词 + 量词(piece/bottle/cup)+of + 不可数名词;通过 “场景判断法” 区分冠词(第一次提到用 a/an,再次提到或特指用 the)。
04. 代词指代不明问题
核心问题:物主代词(my/mine)、反身代词(myself/yourself)使用错误,或指代对象跨句模糊。
更多错例:
This is Tom's book. It's her.(her 是宾格,需用名词性物主代词 hers)
My sister taught she English.(teach 后接宾格,用 her)
Tom told Jim he won the game.(he 指代不明,是 Tom 还是 Jim?)
正确表达:
This is Tom's book. It's hers.
My sister taught her English.
Tom told Jim that he (Tom) won the game.
教学策略:
制作 “代词功能表”(主格→作主语,宾格→动 / 介词后,名词性物主代词→代指 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”);指代不明时,引导学生 “补全指代对象”(如括号内标注)。
05. 介词搭配错误问题
核心问题:固定短语(depend on/in)、地点介词(in/on/at)混淆,如 “arrive at/in”“on the street/in the road”。
更多错例:
He arrived to Shanghai yesterday.(arrive 后接大地点用 in,小地点用 at)
She is interested on painting.(固定短语 be interested in)
正确表达:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
She is interested in painting.
教学策略:
按 “功能分类” 整理介词表(如:到达→arrive at/in,擅长→be good at,关于→talk about),每类搭配 3 个例句,通过 “短语接龙” 游戏(如 “be good at→at school→school bus”)加深记忆。
06. 词性误用问题
核心问题:动词(help)与名词(helpful)、副词(quickly)修饰形容词(quick)等错误,如 “make sb. happily”。
更多错例:
The teacher advice us to read more.(advice 是名词,动词用 advise)
He is a very carefully student.(carefully 是副词,修饰名词用形容词 careful)
This story made me happily.(make 后接形容词作宾补,用 happy)
正确表达:
The teacher advises us to read more.
He is a very careful student.
This story made me happy.
教学策略:
教学生 “看词尾辨词性”(-ly 多为副词,-ful 多为形容词,-ment 多为名词);通过 “句子成分定位法” 判断词性(修饰名词→形容词,修饰动词→副词,作谓语→动词)。
07. 句式杂糅问题
核心问题:除了逗号连接两个单句,还常出现 “宾语从句缺连接词”“分号连接无关句子”。
更多错例:
I don't know he will come.(宾语从句缺连接词 if/whether)
I like math; it is difficult.(分号应连接逻辑相关的句子,此处逻辑矛盾,需改连词)
正确表达:
I don't know if he will come.
I like math though it is difficult.
教学策略:
牢记 “三不原则”:不只用逗号连两句,不缺从句连接词,不分号乱连无关句;用 “句子拆分法”—— 若一句话有两个谓语,要么加连词,要么拆成两句。
08. 句子不完整问题
核心问题:除了缺主语 / 原因,还常出现 “缺谓语动词”“系动词后缺表语”。
更多错例:
My father in the office now.(缺谓语动词,加 is)
The cake tastes very.(tastes 是系动词,后缺形容词作表语,加 delicious)
正确表达:
My father is in the office now.
The cake tastes very delicious.
教学策略:
教学生 “句子核心检查法”:先找主语(谁),再找谓语(做什么 / 是什么),系动词(is/are/taste)后必须有表语(形容词 / 名词),确保 “谁 + 做 / 是 + 什么” 完整。
09. 中式英语
核心问题:逐字翻译导致语序错误(如 “open the light”)、冗余表达(如 “very big size”)。
更多错例:
Please open the light for me.(“开灯” 是 turn on the light,open 用于 “开门 / 开窗”)
My age is 13 years old.(冗余,直接说 I'm 13 years old.)
正确表达:
Please turn on the light for me.
I'm 13 years old. / I'm 13.
教学策略:
建立 “中式→地道” 表达对照表(如:等一下→wait a minute,没问题→no problem);鼓励学生 “先想短语,再组句子”,而非逐字翻译。
10. 标点符号错误
核心问题:引号内外标点位置错误(如 “He said: 'I'm happy.'”)、逗号分隔并列谓语(如 “He sings, dances.”)。
更多错例:
She asked: "Where is my pen" (引号内的标点应在引号里,改为 " ")
Tom gets up, washes his face, eats breakfast.(并列谓语不用逗号,改为 and 连接)
正确表达:
She asked: "Where is my pen "
Tom gets up, washes his face and eats breakfast.
补充教学策略:
用 “标点口诀” 记忆:陈述句用 “.”,疑问句用 “ ”,感叹句用 “!”,并列名词用 “,”(apple, banana and orange),并列谓语用 “and”(sing and dance),引号内标点 “inside”。
二、分层强化训练题
(一)基础题:错误识别与修正(每题对应 1 个扣分项)
时态混用:改正错误 → He will go to the zoo yesterday.(→)
主谓不一致:改正错误 → The team are winning the game.(指团队整体,→)
名词 / 冠词:改正错误 → I drank three waters this morning.(→)
代词:改正错误 → This bag is your. Mine is on the desk.(→)
介词:选择正确介词 → We will have a party ______ Sunday evening.(in/on/at)
词性:改正错误 → She speaks English very good.(→)
句式杂糅:改正错误 → I love my mom, she cooks well.(→)
句子不完整:补全句子 → My little brother ______ (缺谓语) a student in Grade 1.
中式英语:改写为地道表达 → I very like playing football.(→)
标点:改正错误 → He said "I will come back soon".(→)
(二)提升题:句子应用(根据提示完成句子,规避对应错误)
时态:用括号内词正确形式填空 → She ______ (finish) her homework already. She can play now.
主谓:根据主语填谓语 → Everyone in our class ______ (like) playing basketball.
名词 / 冠词:补全冠词或名词复数 → My dream is to be ______ astronaut. I want to visit ______ moon.
代词:用恰当代词填空 → Tom and Lily are friends. ______ often help ______ with their lessons.
介词:用正确介词填空 → My birthday is ______ May 5th. I was born ______ 2012.
词性:用括号内词正确形式填空 → This is a ______ (wonder) trip. We all feel ______ (wonder).
句式:用连词合并句子 → I was tired. I kept working.(用 though)
句子完整:补全句子 → ______ (缺主语) will go to the park with my family next weekend.
中式英语:改写句子 → Please close the TV. It's time to sleep.(→)
标点:给句子加标点 → What a beautiful flower it is
(三)综合题:段落写作(根据话题写作,规避所有错误)
话题:My Weekend
要求:写 5-6 句话,描述上周末的活动,需包含 “起床时间、做的事、感受”,避免 10 大扣分项。
示例框架:
I ______ (get up) at 8 o'clock last Saturday.
After breakfast, I ______ (help) my mom clean the room.
In the afternoon, I ______ (go) to the library with my friend Tom.
We ______ (read) some interesting books there.
I felt ______ (happy) because I had a great weekend.
三、训练题答案与详细解析
(一)基础题
will go→went
解析:时间状语 yesterday 表示过去,需用一般过去时,will go 是一般将来时,改为 went。(对应扣分项 01)
are→is
解析:team 指 “团队整体” 时,视为单数,谓语用 is;指 “队员” 时用 are。(对应扣分项 02)
waters→glasses of water
解析:water 是不可数名词,量化需用 “数词 + 量词 + of”,three waters 错误,改为 three glasses of water。(对应扣分项 03)
your→yours
解析:your 是形容词性物主代词,后需接名词;此处代指 “your bag”,用名词性物主代词 yours。(对应扣分项 04)
on
解析:表示 “具体某一天的晚上” 用 on,如 on Sunday evening;in 用于 “月份 / 年份”,at 用于 “钟点”。(对应扣分项 05)
good→well
解析:speak 是动词,需用副词 well 修饰;good 是形容词,修饰名词(如 good English)。(对应扣分项 06)
I love my mom, she cooks well.→I love my mom because she cooks well.
解析:逗号不能连接两个单句,需加连词 because 表原因,或拆成两句。(对应扣分项 07)
is
解析:句子缺谓语动词,主语 my little brother 是单数,用 is(“是一名一年级学生”)。(对应扣分项 08)
I very like playing football.→I like playing football very much.
解析:very 不能直接修饰动词 like,需用 very much 放在句末,是地道表达。(对应扣分项 09)
He said "I will come back soon".→He said, "I will come back soon."
解析:英语中引用前需加逗号,引号内的句号在引号里,改为 He said, "I will come back soon."(对应扣分项 10)
(二)提升题
has finished
解析:already 是现在完成时的标志(表示动作已完成),主语 she 是单数,用 has finished。(对应扣分项 01)
likes
解析:不定代词 everyone 作主语,视为单数,一般现在时谓语加 s,用 likes。(对应扣分项 02)
an; the
解析:astronaut 是以元音音素开头的单数可数名词,用 an;moon 是独一无二的事物,用 the。(对应扣分项 03)
They; each other
解析:前半句主语是 Tom and Lily,用 They 指代;“互相帮助” 是 help each other,避免指代不明。(对应扣分项 04)
on; in
解析:具体日期 May 5th 用 on,年份 2012 用 in,符合时间介词搭配规则。(对应扣分项 05)
wonderful; wonderful
解析:第一空修饰名词 trip,用形容词 wonderful;第二空在系动词 feel 后作表语,也用形容词 wonderful。(对应扣分项 06)
Though I was tired, I kept working. / I was tired though I kept working.
解析:though 引导让步状语从句,可放句首(加逗号)或句末,连接 “累” 和 “继续工作” 的逻辑关系。(对应扣分项 07)
I / My sister / Tom(合理主语均可)
解析:句子缺主语,需补充人称代词或人名,如 I,确保 “谁要去公园” 完整。(对应扣分项 08)
Please close the TV.→Please turn off the TV.
解析:“关电视” 是固定短语 turn off the TV,close 用于 “关闭有门 / 盖的东西”(如 close the door),避免中式翻译。(对应扣分项 09)
What a beautiful flower it is!
解析:此句是感叹句,结构为 “What+a + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语”,句末需用感叹号。(对应扣分项 10)
(三)综合题(参考范文)
My Weekend
I got up at 8 o'clock last Saturday. After breakfast, I helped my mom clean the room. In the afternoon, I went to the library with my friend Tom. We read some interesting books there. Tom is good at English, so he told me some English stories. I felt very happy because I had a great weekend.
解析:
时态:last Saturday 用一般过去时(got up/helped/went/read),无混用;
主谓:Tom is good at English(主语 Tom 是单数,谓语 is 正确);
名词 / 冠词:无单复数错误(books/stories),无冠词遗漏;
代词:he 指代 Tom,无指代不明;
介词:after/with/in 等搭配正确;
词性:happy 是形容词,修饰 felt(系动词),正确;
句式:用 so/because 连接句子,无杂糅;
句子完整:每句都有主语(I/Tom/we)和谓语(got up/helped/read);
中式英语:无逐字翻译,用 “told me some English stories” 等地道表达;
标点:每句用句号,感叹句无错误,符合规则。