初中英语语法复习:动词不定式作定语

文档属性

名称 初中英语语法复习:动词不定式作定语
格式 docx
文件大小 17.3KB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2025-11-29 00:00:00

图片预览

文档简介

2026年中考英语语法专题
动词不定式作定语
一、不定式作定语的定义
动词不定式(to + 动词原形,否定式:not to + 动词原形)作定语时,必须后置,修饰前面的名词或代词,相当于一个定语从句的简化形式,用来限定、说明被修饰词的性质、用途、内容等。
二、不定式作定语与被修饰词的逻辑关系
1. 主谓关系(被修饰词是不定式动作的执行者)
被修饰的名词 / 代词是不定式动作的发出者,逻辑上相当于 “名词 + 谓语动词”。
关键标志:被修饰词前常有序数词(first/second)、最高级(best/worst)、the only/the last 等限定词。
例句:
She is the only student to pass the exam.(她是唯一通过考试的学生→student 执行 pass 动作)
He was the last person to leave the party.(他是最后一个离开派对的人→person 执行 leave 动作)
This is the best way to solve the problem.(这是解决问题的最佳方法→way 执行 solve 动作)
2. 动宾关系(被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者)
被修饰的名词 / 代词是不定式动作的对象,逻辑上相当于 “动词 + 宾语”。
核心规则:
若不定式动词是及物动词,后面不再接宾语(被修饰词已充当宾语);
若不定式动词是不及物动词,必须加适当介词(构成动宾搭配),介词不可省略。
例句:
及物动词(无需介词):
I have a letter to write.(我有一封信要写→write the letter)
She bought some books to read on the train.(她买了些书在火车上读→read books)
不及物动词(需加介词):
He needs a friend to talk to.(他需要一个可以倾诉的朋友→talk to a friend)
This is a comfortable bed to sleep in.(这是一张睡起来舒服的床→sleep in a bed)
Do you have any music to listen to (你有可以听的音乐吗→listen to music)
判断技巧:将被修饰词直接放在不定式动词后,若语义通顺(动宾搭配正确),则无需介词;若不通顺,需补充合适介词。
3. 同位关系(不定式说明被修饰词的具体内容)
被修饰词多为抽象名词,不定式相当于名词的 “同位语”,解释其含义。
常见抽象名词:promise(承诺)、decision(决定)、plan(计划)、opportunity(机会)、right(权利)、ability(能力)、request(要求)、order(命令)
例句:
She got an opportunity to study abroad.(她得到了出国留学的机会→opportunity 的内容是 study abroad)
Everyone has the right to be respected.(每个人都有被尊重的权利→right 的内容是 be respected)
The teacher gave an order to stop talking.(老师下达了停止说话的命令→order 的内容是 stop talking)
三、不定式作定语的关键注意事项
后置原则:不定式作定语必须放在被修饰词后面,不能前置( a to read book / a book to read);
无多余宾语:动宾关系中,及物动词后的不定式不能再加宾语( I have a letter to write it / I have a letter to write);
介词不可省:不及物动词作定语时,介词必须保留( a place to live / a place to live in);
主动表被动:若被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者,但不定式用主动形式(初中阶段核心用法),如:
The film is interesting to watch.(这部电影值得看→film 是 watch 的承受者,用主动式 to watch)
四、强化训练题(分层次)
(一)基础题:单项选择(考查逻辑关系与介词使用)
We need a pen ______ down the notes.
A. to write B. writing C. to write with D. write with
He is the first boy ______ to school today.
A. come B. to come C. coming D. came
Do you have any clothes ______
A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. to wash it
This is a good restaurant ______ delicious food.
A. eat B. to eat C. to eat at D. eating
She has no one ______ for help when she is in trouble.
A. turn to B. to turn C. to turn to D. turning to
(二)提升题:用所给词的适当形式填空
He is the best player ______ (win) the game.
I have a lot of homework ______ (finish) this evening.
Is there a room ______ (stay) in this small town
She made a promise ______ (not tell) lies again.
The old man needs someone ______ (look after) him.
(三)综合题:句型转换(合并句子,用不定式作定语)
He has a dream. He will climb Mount Qomolangma.
→ He has a dream ______ ______ Mount Qomolangma.
The girl is very kind. She can help you.
→ The girl is very kind ______ ______ you.
We need a tool. We can open the box with it.
→ We need a tool ______ ______ the box with.
She has a plan. She will travel to Japan next year.
→ She has a plan ______ ______ to Japan next year.
This is a question. We can discuss it at the meeting.
→ This is a question ______ ______ at the meeting.
(四)改错题(找出错误并改正)
I need a paper to write. (→)
He is the last to arriving at the station. (→)
She bought a dress to wear it at the party. (→)
This is a good place to work. (→)
He has no time to thinking about the problem. (→)
(五)翻译题(根据汉语完成句子,用不定式作定语)
这是一本值得一读的书。
This is a book ______ ______.
他是唯一一个能回答这个问题的人。
He is the only person ______ ______ the question.
我们有很多事情要做。
We have a lot of things ______ ______.
她得到了一个去北京学习的机会。
She got an opportunity ______ ______ in Beijing.
你有可以借我用的雨伞吗?
Do you have an umbrella ______ ______ me
五、训练题答案与详细解析
(一)单项选择
答案 C
解析:pen 是 write 的逻辑宾语,write 是不及物动词,需加介词 with(write with a pen),故选 C。
答案 B
解析:被修饰词前有序数词 first,需用不定式作定语,故选 B(the first to do sth. 第一个做某事)。
答案 B
解析:clothes 是 wash 的逻辑宾语,wash 是及物动词,无需加介词,且不能加多余宾语 it,故选 B。
答案 C
解析:restaurant 是 eat 的地点,eat 是不及物动词,需加介词 at(eat at a restaurant),故选 C。
答案 C
解析:no one 是 turn to 的逻辑宾语,turn 是不及物动词,固定搭配 turn to sb.(向某人求助),故选 C。
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空
to win
解析:被修饰词前有最高级 best,用不定式作定语,故填 to win。
to finish
解析:homework 是 finish 的逻辑宾语,动宾关系,填 to finish。
to stay
解析:room 是 stay 的逻辑宾语,stay 是不及物动词,但固定搭配 stay in a room 中 in 可省略(初中阶段特殊用法),填 to stay。
not to tell
解析:promise 后接不定式作同位语,否定式为 not to do,填 not to tell。
to look after
解析:someone 是 look after 的逻辑宾语,动宾关系,填 to look after。
(三)句型转换
to climb
解析:dream 与 climb 是同位关系,用不定式说明梦想的内容,故填 to climb。
to help
解析:girl 是 help 的逻辑主语,主谓关系,填 to help(kind to help you 修饰 girl)。
to open
解析:tool 是 open 的逻辑宾语,动宾关系,填 to open。
to travel
解析:plan 与 travel 是同位关系,用不定式说明计划的内容,填 to travel。
to discuss
解析:question 是 discuss 的逻辑宾语,动宾关系,填 to discuss。
(四)改错题
write→write on
解析:paper 是 write 的逻辑宾语,write 是不及物动词,需加介词 on(write on paper)。
arriving→arrive
解析:不定式符号 to 后接动词原形,故 arriving 改为 arrive。
去掉 it
解析:dress 是 wear 的逻辑宾语,不定式中不能加多余宾语 it,故去掉。
work→work at
解析:place 是 work 的地点,work 是不及物动词,需加介词 at(work at a place)。
thinking→think
解析:不定式符号 to 后接动词原形,故 thinking 改为 think。
(五)翻译题
to read
解析:“值得一读” 即 to read,book 是 read 的逻辑宾语,动宾关系。
to answer
解析:“能回答” 用 to answer,被修饰词前有 the only,用不定式作定语。
to do
解析:“要做” 即 to do,things 是 do 的逻辑宾语。
to study
解析:opportunity 与 study 是同位关系,用不定式说明机会的内容。
to lend
解析:umbrella 是 lend 的逻辑宾语,“借我用” 即 to lend me,动宾关系。