人教版（2019）高考英语一轮复习教材梳理必修第三册UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION知识点课件(共75张PPT)

(共75张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
主题语境　宇宙探索
必修第三册
Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破
1.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→ vt.使失望→
_____________ adj.令人失望的→ n.失望;沮丧
disappoint
disappointing
disappointment
(1)be disappointed at/with/by/about/in...对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that...对……感到失望
(2)to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
①When David heard the news that he didn’t pass the driving test, a look appeared on his face.(disappoint)
②To my disappointment, my son David lacked confidence and was desperate to give up the contest.
→ was that my son David lacked confidence and was desperate to give up the contest.(what引导的主语从句)
→My son David lacked confidence and was desperate to give up the contest,_______________________________________________.(定语从句)
disappointing
disappointed
What made me disappointed/What disappointed me
which made me disappointed/which disappointed me
2.desire n.渴望;欲望;愿望 vt.渴望;期望→ adj.值得做的
desirable
(1)have a (strong) desire to do sth.(迫切)渴望做某事
have a (strong) desire for sth.(迫切)渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do...渴望……(应当)做……
①(2025·八省联考)Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university, and by a desire (be) part of a cultural community.
②(2023·全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly (desire) destination for food lovers.
③既然你强烈渴望学习中国文化,那么我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。(推荐信)
Since , I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
to be
desirable
you have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture
3.lack vt.缺乏;缺少;没有 n.缺乏;短缺→ adj.不足的;缺乏的
lacking
(1)(a) lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
(2)be lacking in在……方面缺乏
① lack of sufficient oxygen, the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
②Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
③由于缺乏人类的保护,长江江豚(Yangtze Finless Porpoise)的数量正变得越来越少。(野生动物保护)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
For/Through
lacking
For/Through lack of human protection,the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.
4.argue vt.& vi.争论;争辩;论证→ n.争论;争辩;争吵;论点
argument
(1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against (doing) sth. 赞成/反对(做)某事
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that主张……,认为……
(2)beyond argument无可争论
①Heated (argue) and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.
②我本想说服他戒烟,但很快我意识到,和他争论这个问题没有用,因为他太固执了。
I had intended to , but soon I realized , because he was too stubborn.
arguments
argue him into quitting/giving up smoking
it was no use arguing with him about/over the issue
③(2022·全国乙卷)根据上面的图表,65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲,而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语经典著作提高他们的英语水平。
Based on the above chart, 65% of the students listening to English songs while 18% of the students ___________________ ________________________by reading English classics.
argue for
argue that they can have
their English level improved
5.attach vt.系;绑;贴;把……固定;重视→ adj.附加的;依恋的,爱慕的→ n.附件;附属品;依恋
(1)attach...to...把……附在……上;把……绑在……上
attach importance/significance/value/weight to...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量
(2)be attached to喜欢,依恋;附属于
attached
attachment
①Learning strategies, which teachers have attached importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students.
②He is so attached to the network games that he often plays truant.
→ ____________, he often plays truant.(形容词短语作状语)
③如果你能抽出一些时间来审查这封电子邮件所附的草稿并作出必要的更改,我将不胜感激。(求助信)
I would be grateful if you could spare some time to review the draft script and make necessary changes.
to
Attached to the network games
(which is) attached to this email
6.carry on 继续做,坚持干(continue doing sth.)
carry on with sth./doing sth.继续(做)某事(相当于go on with sth./doing sth.)
carry out实行;执行;进行;履行(诺言、义务等)
carry through使渡过(难关等);履行;完成
用carry相关短语的正确形式填空
①The team has been working hard to the research project within the deadline.However, if the workers working like that, they may break down sooner or later.
②The company managed to the restructuring process successfully, which led to significant improvements in efficiency.
carry out
carry on
carry through
7.result in导致;造成
(1)result from由……导致;因……而产生
(2)as a result因此
as a result of由于……
without result没有结果;徒劳地
①用result相关短语的正确形式填空
Traffic jams the increase in the number of private cars and the imperfect public transport system a series of problems such as air pollution and noise pollution._________, the government decides to take some measures to deal with it, for example, promoting new energy vehicles and optimizing public transport systems.
result from
results in
As a result
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)公园里的这堂艺术课不仅为我们提供了一个接近自然的机会,而且还带来了令人难以置信的清爽。
Not only did the art class in the park provide us with an opportunity to get close to nature but also incredible refreshment.
it resulted in
8.run out用完;耗尽(物作主语,无被动语态)
run out of用光,用完(人作主语,有被动语态)
run across偶然遇到
run after追逐;追求
run into撞上;遇上,偶然遇到;碰上(困境、麻烦等)
用run相关短语的正确形式填空
①The moment we a cute wild rabbit, we rode our horses and it in excitement.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David’s energy was but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids, he was plodding (步履艰难) his way towards the finishing line, bathed in sweat.
③我已经失去了所有的耐心,我开始勃然大怒。(愤怒表达)
I had and I began to explode with anger.
ran across/into
ran after
running out
run out of all my patience
勃然大怒
9.含有otherwise的含蓄虚拟条件句
(1)otherwise意为“否则”,有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件,此时句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟,其后句子的谓语动词用“would/could have done”;表示对现在的虚拟,其后句子的谓语动词用“would/could do”。
(2)otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句+otherwise+陈述句”。
[教材原句]　Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.航天员在太空工作时,不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来,否则所有的东西都会飘走。
①我们当时不知道你遇到了困难,要不然我们会帮助你的。
We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time;________________ _____________________.
②谢谢你的及时帮助;否则现在我们就麻烦大了。
Thank you for your timely help;______________________________ _______ now.
③抓住机会吧,否则你会遗憾的。
Take the chance;________________________.
have given you a hand
otherwise we would
otherwise we would be in great
trouble
otherwise you will regret it
Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1.It is beyond (argue) that the Great Wall is the symbol of China.
2.Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result ___ obesity.
3.As far as I know, Amy was the first person (witness) the car accident.
4.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack sufficient nutrition.
5. (determine) to study hard, he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.
argument
in
to witness
of
Determined
6.We were all disappointed the news that our sports meeting was cancelled because of the rain.
7.To be honest, the majority of people attach importance to __________ (become) famous and rich.
8.If you desire (communicate) with foreigners freely, I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.
9.I have no money on me now.Otherwise, I (lend) some to you.
10.By taking exercise (regular), I have grown healthy physically and mentally.
at/with/about/by
becoming
to communicate
would lend
regularly
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式
1.得知你很想学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。
Knowing__________________________________________, I’d like to offer you some suggestions.
2.首先,我认为你应该有强大的决心和毅力,否则你将不会实现你的目标。
Firstly, I argue that you should have strong determination and perseverance; otherwise__________________________________.
you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well
you would not achieve your goal
3.此外,要掌握汉语,我认为最好定期用中文写日记,并练习这门语言。
Besides, to master Chinese, I believe it is better ________________ _________________ and practice the language.
4.缺乏足够的练习将导致进步甚微,从而某一天会让你失望。
Lack of enough practice will , which will disappoint you some day.
to keep diaries in
Chinese regularly
result in little progress
5.此外,请在听、说、读、写时重视汉语思维,这是提高你的汉语水平的有效方法之一。
What’s more, please when listening, speaking, reading and writing, which is one of the effective methods to improve your Chinese.
attach importance to thinking in Chinese
Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练
培优1　单元话题写作——太空探险
　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
Dear Stephen,
　　There exists a problem between my parents and me, ① _____ ____________________________________(使我很难专心学习;make it+宾语补足语+for sb.+to do,非谓语作状语).
② (决定解决它;形容词短语作状语), I’m writing to seek your help.
it hard for me to concentrate on my study
making
Determined to settle it
③ (我对太空探索如此着迷;倒装句) that I often (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:④________) go to the library to read something about space exploration.However, this makes my parents very angry because they think ⑤____________________________
_____________________ (我的爱好会导致我学习成绩不好).They warn me to give it up.Otherwise, ⑥_____________________________ _________(他们决定不供养我),⑦____________________________ ___________(这让我很失望;非限制性定语从句).I firmly believe that ⑧
__________________________________________________ (你能够说服我父母支持我的爱好).
Yours,
Li Hua
So keen on space exploration am I
regularly
my hobby will result in my poor
Academic performance
they are determined not to provide
which disappoints me/makes me
you can argue my parents into
for me
disappointed
supporting my hobby
教材语料运用　【亲情之母爱篇】
和妈妈大吵之后,我重重地摔上门,冲出房子。既失望又沮丧,我感觉自己好像漂浮在无限悲伤的海洋里。后来,我站在一个摊位旁,由于缺钱而叹了口气。
①______________________________ _______(现在分词短语作状语), I stormed out of the house, slamming the door heavily.② ________________________(形容词短语作状语), I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.Later, I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money.
Having argued with my mother
fiercely
and frustrated
Disappointed
培优2　提升续写能力
摊主注意到了我的窘境,微笑着向我打招呼,示意我坐下。我被感动哭了。摊主微笑着说:“孩子,正是你的妈妈从你出生那天起就一直在为你提供生活所需!”我擦干眼泪,站了起来,像风一样跑回家。
The seller noticed my dilemma, ③_______ _________________________________________(动作链).I was moved to tears.The seller smiled, “Girl, ④_________________ _________________________ (强调句) from when you were born!” I wiped my tears, leapt to my feet and ⑤ ___________ ___________(比喻句).
me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit
greeted
down
has been providing for you
it is your mother who
like a wind
ran for home
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
　　Food is key to our daily functions by fueling our activity and supporting our bodies and minds.In space, where astronauts confront extreme environmental and physical changes, the need for safe, nutritious and energy-laden food is particularly vital to overall health.
Space food must provide adequate energy to fuel astronauts on their ②demanding missions, according to NASA. In microgravity (low gravity state that makes astronauts appear to be weightless) environments, proper nutrition can fight against the resulting degradation of bones and muscles. For example, vitamins D,K and C aid in synthesizing (合成) calcium into bone. Meanwhile, dietary supplements like iron, omega-3 fatty acids and B12 can make up for dietary insufficiencies.
After decades of nutritional studies and food technology advancements, NASA has shifted focus away from supplements and dietary formulas (配方) toward providing as many nutrients from fruits and vegetables as possible. However, it can be difficult to rely heavily on fruits and vegetables as a space food source because they don’t contain many calories.This poses an issue for spaceflight, where cargo (货物) room is precious.
NASA can’t merely consider health when designing space food, though.The nutritional value of a meal only goes so far if it doesn’t appeal to astronauts. Rather, Grace Douglas, lead scientist for NASA’s Advanced Food Technology research group, and her colleagues aim to offer astronauts several meal options to avoid menu fatigue (疲劳). Such variety also provides psychological health benefits.“Food becomes more important with mission duration because it’s one of the only familiar things that they have,”Douglas says.
As space organizations look ahead to long-duration missions, it will be key to craft a sustainable food source that doesn’t require resupply missions. To achieve this, NASA scientists are studying the best ways to grow crops in microgravity. On the International Space Station, astronauts have successfully grown a variety of leafy greens and flowers in the Vegetable Production System, known as Veggie.Eating a fresh leafy green could help astronauts feel connected with the distant green planet they call home.
　 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空食物对宇航员的健康至关重要,NASA致力于为宇航员提供安全、营养丰富、种类多样的食物,并且将为宇航员执行更长时间的太空任务而研究可持续太空食物来源。
1
2
3
4
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about (　　)
A.The importance of space food design.
B.The challenges for astronauts in space.
C.The general requirements for space food.
D.The impact of microgravity on astronauts.
C
解析:段落大意题。通读第二段可知,该段强调了太空食物在营养和能量供给方面的重要性,以及在设计太空食物时需要考虑的各种因素,如营养补充和饮食配方。因此,这一段的主要内容是关于太空食物的一般要求。
1
2
3
4
2.How do Douglas’s team enhance astronauts’ dining experience (　　)
A.They make food look appealing.
B.They rearrange the menu schedule.
C.They provide multiple food choices.
D.They conduct taste tests on astronauts.
C
1
2
3
4
解析:细节理解题。根据题干可定位到第四段,由该段第三句中的“her colleagues aim to offer astronauts several meal options to avoid menu fatigue”可知,Douglas和她的同事们设法为航天员提供多种膳食选择,以避免菜单疲劳。provide multiple food choices是offer astronauts several meal options的同义替换。
1
2
3
4
3.What can astronauts expect from Veggie (　　)
A.A supplement to the oxygen supply.
B.Provision of psychological comfort.
C.Enhancement of the nutritional quality.
D.An improvement in communication with Earth.
B
1
2
3
4
解析:推理判断题。根据题干中的Veggie定位到第五段,由最后两句可知,在国际空间站上,宇航员已经成功地在蔬菜生产系统中种植了各种绿叶蔬菜和花卉。而吃新鲜的绿叶蔬菜可能会帮助宇航员与他们称之为家的遥远的绿色星球有心理上的连接。这表明利用Veggie种植出的绿叶蔬菜能够提供心理慰藉。
1
2
3
4
4.What can be a suitable title for the text (　　)
A.How Do Astronauts Eat in Space
B.What Makes Space Food So Special
C.What Space Food Will We Have in the Future
D.How Do Scientists Build the Best Diet for Astronauts
D
1
2
3
4
解析:标题归纳题。第一、二段介绍了安全、营养丰富和高能量的太空食物对宇航员健康的重要性。第三、四段强调了除了营养价值,提供多样的饮食以避免菜单疲劳也很重要。第五段提出了解决方法——研究不需要补给任务的可持续食物来源。因此,“科学家如何为宇航员制定最佳饮食 ”最适合作为文章的标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。
(2024·江苏南京、盐城调研)
　　Pursue Your Dreams Today, Not Tomorrow
　　Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams We often postpone our dreams, trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait 1(　　)You don’t have to take a huge, life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential.
G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
1.答案:B
解析:空后提到“你没有必要迈出巨大的改变命运的一步”,所以空处应是表达可以从小事开始做出改变,故B项“从小事开始做出改变是完全可以接受的”符合语境。
　2(　　)If you never try, you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets.You’re always going to wonder how your life would have turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential.
G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
2.答案:C
解析:根据下文,尤其是“if you actually took a chance on yourself”和“Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”可推知,本段主要是强调“自己”在实现梦想中的主体作用,故C项“你应该为了自己去追逐你的梦想”符合语境。
　 It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their fields.3(　　)Embrace a mindset of determination, knowing that success is within your reach.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential.
G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
3.答案:G
解析:空前提到“你的年龄不重要,身边有多少人提醒你你将永远不会成功也不重要,甚至最成功的人都会犹豫”,空后提到“要拥有坚定的思维模式,知道成功就在触手可及的范围内”,所以空处应是鼓励读者摆脱疑虑,坚定信心,故G项“尽管很难,在你的脑海中摆脱疑惑是至关重要的”符合语境。
　　At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you, you’re never going to forgive yourself.4(　　) It’s what you would encourage your friends to do, so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential.
G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
4.答案:F
解析:空后句子表示“这是你会鼓励你朋友去做的事情”,句中的it应是指代空处句子描述的行为,并且该行为应是积极的,且空前表示不要让恐惧占了上风,故F项“你需要丢掉你的不安并且探索你的全部潜力”符合语境。
　 Sometimes, following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule, but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your heart.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams.5(　　)
　　Pursue your dreams now, even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone, and even though it means entering the unknown.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams.
D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential.
G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
5.答案:E
解析:空前主要讲“有时候追随你的爱好意味着你每天都要花很多时间。它可能需要你根据你的计划作出微小的调整,但是你没有必要为了跟从内心而牺牲一切。努力在你目前的生活和你的梦想之间找到一种平衡”。故E项“如果一切顺利,你可以慢慢地作出进一步的改变”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红旗渠建设的背景、过程和意义。
　 (2024·安徽合肥第一次质量检测)There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1　　　　　others’ doubts. The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulties with 2　　　　　(determine) and hard work.
1.答案:despite
解析:考查介词。结合句意“一个90多岁的老人和他的家人,不顾他人的质疑,一起移山以连接外部世界”可知,空处的意思是“不管,不顾”,空后接的是名词短语,所以空处填despite。
2.答案:determination
解析:考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处跟在介词with的后面作宾语,需要用名词形式,所以空处填determination。
The story became a reality in Lin County, Henan Province in the 1960s. A 1,500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖) of the Taihang Mountains 3　　　　　　(build) by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhang River in the bordering Shanxi Province to the drought-hit area.
3.答案:was built
解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子的谓语,结合上一句的时间状语in the 1960s可知,此处讲的是过去发生的事情,时态用一般过去时;主语a 1,500-kilometer-long waterway和build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系;主语为第三人称单数,所以空处填was built。
Initially, finding drinking water was 4　　　　　　 headache for the residents:People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day.
5　　　　　　 (ease) this area’s water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6______________ construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
4.答案:a
解析:考查冠词。结合句意“找饮用水对当地人来说是一件令人头疼的事情”可知,空处需要用冠词,表示泛指概念,又因空后的headache的发音以辅音音素开头,所以空处填a。
5.答案:To ease
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是decided,空处在句中作非谓语。结合句意“为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺问题,当地政府决定修建一条横跨山脉的水渠”可知,空处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语。又因设空处位于句首,首字母需大写,所以空处填To ease。
6.答案:whose
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是表示物的名词canal,与construction之间是从属关系,所以空处填whose。
People tied ropes around their waists and 7　　　　　(hang) off cliffs, drilling holes in rocks, and then dug canals with simple tools. From February 1960 to July 1969, they leveled 1,250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels (隧道), 8　　　　　　(remove) 22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks.
7.答案:hung
解析:考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空处与and前面的tied并列,作本句的谓语。本句讲的是过去发生的事情,时态用一般过去时;people和hang之间为主谓关系,所以空处填hung。
8.答案:removing
解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是leveled和dug,空处在句中作非谓语。逻辑主语they与remove之间是主谓关系,所以空处填removing。
Their efforts gained multiple 9　　　　　　 (benefit). It was the canal that 10　　　　　　 (dramatic) changed the life of the local people, irrigating (灌溉) 36,000 hectares of land and solving water supply difficulties for some 567,000 people. Their deeds have been hailed (称颂) as the “spirit of the Red Flag Canal”.
9.答案:benefits
解析:考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,空处作gained的宾语,benefit在此处作名词,根据空前的multiple可知,空处需要用名词复数,所以空处填benefits。
10.答案:dramatically
解析:考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后的动词changed,需要用副词,所以空处填dramatically。