期末培优 语法填空专项练习（含答案与解析）2025-2026学年高二上学期英语外研版(2019)
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| 名称 | 期末培优 语法填空专项练习（含答案与解析）2025-2026学年高二上学期英语外研版(2019) |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-12-01 00:00:00 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
期末培优 语法填空
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．As I went through school，I came to understand that life was about （1） （compete）.The only thing that mattered was doing（2） （well） than everyone else.I watched this cycle through the lives of my four older brothers.I watched them win（3） （award） time and time again and admired by teachers and adults alike.And I wanted all of that.But then I learned that I couldn't compete （4） my brothers or others for that matter.I didn't enjoy math and science nearly as much as I enjoyed English literature.My stomach would often hurt（5） （think）about the amount of time I'd have to put in studying and working to get ahead of everyone.Around the seventh grade，I decided that I didn't care about being a top student anymore.I just wanted to do （6） brought me joy.I wanted to just read and write for days.
Then I watched my older brothers enter the workplace and not enjoy the career path they had chosen.That made my stomach hurt，too.At the same time，they were making a lot of money and were able （7） （afford）expensive cars and go on trips that seemed enjoyable，but I decided that I'd not trade a job （8） brought me joy for the cars and trips.
So I did just that.I （9） （major） in English in college with a concentration on creative fictions.For the past decade，I have had a career in a non﹣profit organization serving children in need.It has brought me great joy.There's not a daily drive to compete in the market place and be better than another organization so that we increase our profits.The drive is to serve another person with excellence.And the other unexpected aspects are that（10） I have never made a lot of money，I have a car and have been fortunate to take some pretty amazing trips for work.
2．（2019秋 文峰区校级月考）Household garbage sorting and recycling has become a hot topic in Shanghai because of China' s first compulsive garbage﹣separation law（1） every household and institution shall classify waste into four （2） （category）．Those who fail to sort garbage may （3） （fine） up to 200 yuan．
Previously，everything went into one bin，so this change has made many people very（4） （worry），who said they were struggling to master the details quickly．
Now thanks to the efforts of（5） number of young programmers，discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo（6） calling someone using your smartphone．
They have applied speech and image recognition technologies（7） apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbage﹣separation rules．
Most of the apps and services，which（8） （begin） springing up last month in app stores，on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay，allow users to type in the name of waste（9） （identify） which category it belongs to．Many apps also use speech and image recognition to make the process much easier，but their creators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese（10） （become） more accustomed to the rules．
3．More than 30，000 runners selected from 160，000 applicants both in and out of China（1） （take） part in this year's Beijing Marathon on Nov 3.
（2） （wear） colorful T﹣shirts and posing for photos，they gathered at Tian'anmen Square before taking their places at the starting line.
Nearly a decade ago，Chinese marathon（3） （organizer） struggled to fill the starting blocks.Now，at big events（4） the Beijing Marathon，runners must win a lottery（5） （enter）.
This is part of the world's running boom（热潮）.For millions of runners around the world，the real reason they head out to pound the roads until their legs hurt is more than weight（6） （lost） or fitness.
Chasing records like the three﹣hour mark，for example，is important，but it's not（7） people run mile after mile，up hills，in wind and rain，when they could just stay comfortable in their beds.Record times are merely the carrots they dangle（悬挂）in front of（8） （they）.
Last year，a runner in the United Kingdom trained with the goal of（9） （run）a marathon in less than three hours.In the end，he finished in three hours and two minutes.However，he was pleased afterward. "If I had done it，that would be it. " he told the Guardian. "Now I've still got my target，I can try again next year. "
（10） running is hard and requires effort，it also brings joy.Think about children.When they are excited，they can't stop running back and forth，up and down.
4．China is now fighting a war of a different kind.It's against（1） unseen enemy，which has been named COVID﹣19 by the WHO.Since its appearance at the end of December in Wuhan，the virus causing this disease（2） （spread）to other cities，infecting hundreds of thousands of people and （3） （lead） to over one thousand deaths.As yet，there is no vaccine（疫苗）to protect people against the virus and the only（4） （effect） way to fight it is to try to contain it.
The Chinese people should be praised because，for the most part，they've emulated（效仿）the Britons' "stiff upper lip" and refused to panic.They've stayed home as much（5） possible，worn protective masks and washed their hands frequently and（6） （thorough）.The government's response has also been calm.They've kept everyone（7） （inform）about what has been happening and they've sent thousands of （8） （doctor） and nurses to Hubei to treat those who have been infected.
This terrible virus hasn't been defeated and the fight against it may continue for several more months.However，it will eventually die out.It's hoped（9） when the crisis fades，China—and the world—will learn that cooperation and hope，not panic or criticism，is the best way（10） （face）a common threat.
5．To mourn Dr.Li Wenliang，our real hero
Dr.Li Wenliang，one of the eight "whistleblowers" who tried（1） （warn）fellow medics of （2） novel coronavirus when it emerged in Wuhan，died early on Friday.Wuhan Central Hospital（3） （confirm） in a statement released on（4） （it） official Weibo account."Our hospital's ophthalmologist，Li Wenliang，was （5） （fortunate） infected with COVID﹣19 during his work in the fight（6） the COVID﹣19 epidemic，" the statement read，（7） （add） "He died at 2：58 a.m.on February7 after attempts to resuscitate were unsuccessful."
"After emergency treatment，Li Wenliang passed away，" the Central Hospital of Wuhan announced on Weibo，China's version of Twitter."We deeply regret and mourn Li's（8） （die）."
Dr.Li is a hero，（9） will live in our hearts forever.May God bless all the courageous doctors and （10） （nurse） fighting on the front line.
6．（2021秋 工农区校级期末）I recently heard a story about a famous scientist．When he （1） （ask） why he was able to succeed，he gave the answer．It all came from an experience with （2） mother when he was about two years old． "I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell，spilling （溢出） the milk all over the floor﹣a sea of milk!I got（3） （frighten） and I didn't know what to do!" he said．
Instead of （4） （punish） him，his mother asked him to play in the milk for a while．Then she said， " You know，we failed in how to（5） （successful） carry a big milk bottle with two tiny（6） （hand） just now．Let's go out in the yard and fill the bottle（7） water to see if you can discover a way to carry it．"
This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he （8） （know） he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes（9） were actually opportunities for learning something new．Even if the experiment "doesn't work"，we usually learn something（10） （value） from it．
7．Florentijin Hofman turns to his children's toys （1） inspiration.Hofman's inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk（2） （tale），which is about a fish （3） （jump）through the "Dragon Gate".Tan Dun，who is（4） （wide）known for composing music for a famous film and the 2008 Beijing Olympics，（5） （think）"There is no territory in the world of music".Tan Dun combines Chinese music and sounds from all over the world（6） （tell）stories.Yang Liping has been known （7） "Peacock Princess"，winning a national（8） （compete）with her Spirit of the Peacock dance.She feels grateful for the years in Xishuangbanna.Her dance comes from the traditional （9） （believe） of Dai people and aims to bring（10） the beauty of Dai women.
8．Earlier this year，a three﹣year﹣old boy from Guangxi died after（1） （leave）in a car for several hours in the hot afternoon sun.（2） this was a horrible tragedy，it isn't a rare story across the world.
In the United States alone，at least 39 children（3） （die）in similar incidents so far this year，according to the figures published by independent organization NoHeatStroke.But could a high﹣tech device save a child （4） is locked in a car or help other people take the kid out before it's too late？
Three high school students at Guangdong Experimental High School may have the answer to this question.They made a device using a sensor（5） （monitor）both the temperature and level of carbon dioxide in a car，which also blows out cool air（6） the levels become too high.The invention，which ensures the safety of passengers in cars，helped them win the gold medal at the 2017 Invention & New Product Exposition，an invention show in the United States.
While the device（7） didn't sound very complex，it needed special skills to make it.Thanks to on﹣campus science and technology courses at their school，the students armed themselves with the knowledge（8） （need）to get the job done.They also spent their spare time（9） （research）on the Internet and using smart phone apps.
The team stood out not only because of the advanced technology they used，but because of the human interest side of their invention，they noticed some social problems，（10） （think）about them and tried to solve them.
9．China （1） （launch） a national cloud learning platform since Feb.3 and started broadcasting primary school classes （2） （make） sure the country's 180 million students can still keep learning even though schools are closed，according to state﹣run news agency Xinhua.A new school semester，（3） （schedule） to start today，has been postponed indefinitely as part of（4） （measure） to fight against COVID﹣19.China's authorities have encouraged people to stay at home to help reduce（5） （it） spread.
The approach differs by age.Primary school classes are being broadcast on one of China's state TV channels.Junior and senior high school students in China can use an online learning platform（6） has 169 lessons covering 12 subjects for the first week，based on the national curriculum.Teachers will keep（7） （update） the platform with new materials as needed.
The government has required the China's three（8） （big）telecom operators—China Mobile，China Unicom and China Telecom—plus tech companies like Huawei，Baidu and Alibaba to back up the platform（9） （ensure） up to 50 million students can use it at the same time.About 600，000 teachers have also been using a live streaming service called Dingtalk to conduct online classes，the company said，although it has（10） （apparent） not gone down so well with many students.
10．（2018 新课标Ⅰ）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years （1） （long） than non﹣runners．You don't have to run fast or for long （2） （see） the benefit．You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of （3） （die） early by running．
While running regularly can't make you live forever ，the review says it （4） （be） more effective at lengthening life （5） walking，cycling or swimming．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014（6） showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（7） （cause）．
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do．But otherwise …it's probably running．To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to （8） （strength） your leg muscles （肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes．Running is cheap，easy and it's always （9） （energy）．If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give （10） a try．
11．When someone has（1） （deep）hurt you，it can be very difficult to let go of your anger.But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly （2） （benefit）to your physical and mental health.So far，studies（3） （show）that people who forgive can have more energy，better appetite and better sleep."People who forgive show（4） （little）anger and more hopefulness，" says Dr Frederic Luskin，who wrote the book Forgive for Good."So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people（5） （feel）more energetic."
So when someone has hurt you，cool down first.Take a couple of breaths and think of something （6） gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，or someone you love.Don't wait for an （7） （apologize）."Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing，" says Dr Luskin."They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in the same way.So if you wait for people to say sorry，you could be waiting for a very long time."
Next keep（8） mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean（9） （accept）the action of the person who （10） （upset）you.Instead，learn to look for the love，beauty and kindness around you.Finally，try to see things from the other person's perspective.You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance.To gain perspective，you may want to write a letter to yourself from that person's point of view.
12．How do people climb the wall？（1） （climb），you need special shoes and a harness（保护带）（2） your chest to hold you.There are ropes tied to your harness.The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall.A（3） （begin） wall is usually about 15 feet high，and you climb straight up.
There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand（4） and hold on to.Sometimes it's easy to see the new piece of metal.Sometimes，it's not.The most difficult part is to control（5） fear.It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling，（6） it's difficult not to feel fear.But when you move away from the wall，the harness and the ropes will hold you，and you will feel safe.You（7） （move） slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people（8） it's good exercise for almost everyone.You use your whole body，especially your arms and legs.This sport gives your body a complete workout.When you climb，（9） your mind and your body can become （10） （strong）.
13．Stephen Curry is the son of Dell Curry，（1） is a famous basketball player.He spent his childhood years（2） （practise） in a small court（3） （build）by his grandfather and （4） （develop） his own playing style.When in high school，his teammates and coaches thought he was（5） thin and too short to follow in his father's footsteps.But he refused to give up and ended up（6） （play） in a small school.（7） （final） he joined Golden State Warriors and won his first NBA championship in 2015.He believed in（8） （him）and explained what others think of you does not influence（9） you become.He has shown that anything is possible through self﹣belief，hard work and （10） （perserve）.
14．（2025春 东坡区校级期末）A three﹣bedroom 3 D﹣printed farmhouse has been built in Wujiazhuang village，Zhangjiakou，（1） is the co﹣host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics.With ceilings and walls decorated by weave patterns，Zhao Xiujuan's house covers （2） area of 106 square meters.
When Xu Weiguo，a professor at Tsinghua University，came up with the idea of building a 3 D﹣printed farmhouse，there was an outpouring of concern from villagers，who（3） （wonder） whether it would be strong enough.However，Zhao shrugged off（4） her fellow villagers doubted and made the work go on.The construction（5） （complete） in two weeks，with only two people on each device.
China's 3 D printing technology has been（6） （wide） used in many fields. "This technology can not only save manpower and construction costs，but also increase（7） （efficient） and quality，" Xu said，adding that it can keep the design and construction of traditional houses while（8） （create） beautiful patterns. "There are still a large number of houses and infrastructure （基础设施）（9） （build） in China in the future，" Xu said. "Intelligent technologies can solve the labor shortage problem faced by the construction industry，freeing workers（10） their heavy labor."
15．（2024春 绿园区校级期末）Scientists at the University of Liverpool （UL）have developed a robot that can run experiments on its own.It's not new for labs to use robots.But earlier robots usually stayed in one place and （1） （do）one job over and over again.The UL robot is different.It's able to （2） （easy）move around in the same kind of space as humans do.It uses a special system called LiDAR to guide（3） （it）.With one long arm which can turn in almost any direction，the robot can use several different kinds of lab equipment and carry out（4） variety of tasks.
The scientists says it took a lot of work（5） （program）the robot so that it could do things without（6） （make）mistakes.Once the programming is done，though，the robot makes（7） （few）mistakes than a human.
To test their robot，the scientists gave it a task：find a material（8） was able to produce hydrogen（氢）from water.The robot was programmed to understand the basic methods for the experiment，but it（9） （give）10 different things it could change which could influence the results，That meant that the robot could choose from around 98 million different mini﹣experiments.Over the next 8 days，the robot ran 688 experiments，always choosing its next experiment based（10） the results of the last one.
期末培优 语法填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．As I went through school，I came to understand that life was about （1） competition （compete）.The only thing that mattered was doing（2） better （well） than everyone else.I watched this cycle through the lives of my four older brothers.I watched them win（3） awards （award） time and time again and admired by teachers and adults alike.And I wanted all of that.But then I learned that I couldn't compete （4） with my brothers or others for that matter.I didn't enjoy math and science nearly as much as I enjoyed English literature.My stomach would often hurt（5） thinking （think）about the amount of time I'd have to put in studying and working to get ahead of everyone.Around the seventh grade，I decided that I didn't care about being a top student anymore.I just wanted to do （6） what brought me joy.I wanted to just read and write for days.
Then I watched my older brothers enter the workplace and not enjoy the career path they had chosen.That made my stomach hurt，too.At the same time，they were making a lot of money and were able （7） to afford （afford）expensive cars and go on trips that seemed enjoyable，but I decided that I'd not trade a job （8） that/which brought me joy for the cars and trips.
So I did just that.I （9） majored （major） in English in college with a concentration on creative fictions.For the past decade，I have had a career in a non﹣profit organization serving children in need.It has brought me great joy.There's not a daily drive to compete in the market place and be better than another organization so that we increase our profits.The drive is to serve another person with excellence.And the other unexpected aspects are that（10） while/though I have never made a lot of money，I have a car and have been fortunate to take some pretty amazing trips for work.
【答案】（1）competition（2）better（3）awards（4）with（5）thinking（6）what（7）to afford（8）that/which（9）majored（10）while/though
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者主要描述了自己在学习和工作方面没有和别人比较，坚持做让自己感到快乐的事情。
【解答】（1）competition.考查名词。句意：上学的过程中，我逐渐理解了生活就是竞争。分析句子可知，此处用名词作介词about的宾语，故填competition。
（2）better.考查比较级。句意：唯一重要的事情就是比别人做得好一点。根据由空后than以及句意可知应填形容词比较级，故填better。
（3）awards.考查名词。句意：我看着他们一次又一次获奖。award奖励，为可数名词，前面没有冠词，结合后面time and time again，可知用复数形式，故填awards。
（4）with.考查介词。句意：但是随后我懂了我不能为那件事与我的兄弟和其他人竞争。compete with sb.与某人竞争，故填with。
（5）thinking.考查现在分词。句意：想起为了领先所有人不得不投入到学习和工作中的时间，我的肚子就会疼。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，I与think之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填thinking。
（6）what.考查宾语从句。句意：我就想去做能给我带来快乐的事。分析句子可知，此处引导do后面的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"带给我快乐的事情"，故填what。
（7）to afford.考查动词不定式。句意：此同时，他们挣了很多钱，能够买得起昂贵的车，能够享受愉快的旅行，但是我坚决不拿带给我快乐的工作与豪车、旅行做交易。be able to do sth.为固定搭配。故填to afford。
（8）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：与此同时，他们挣了很多钱，能够买得起昂贵的车，能够享受愉快的旅行，但是我坚决不拿带给我快乐的工作与豪车、旅行做交易。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为job，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（9）majored.考查动词时态。句意：我在大学主修英语专业同时专注于创意小说。由语境可知作者在回忆过往，需用一般过去时，故填majored。
（10）while/though.考查让步状语从句。句意：而且其他出乎预料的方面是：虽然我从没有挣到很多钱，但是我也有了自己的车，而且因为工作能够进行一些相当令人惊喜的出行。由语境可知此处引导让步状语从句，表示"虽然"，故填while/though。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
2．（2019秋 文峰区校级月考）Household garbage sorting and recycling has become a hot topic in Shanghai because of China' s first compulsive garbage﹣separation law（1） that every household and institution shall classify waste into four （2） categories （category）．Those who fail to sort garbage may （3） be fined （fine） up to 200 yuan．
Previously，everything went into one bin，so this change has made many people very（4） worried （worry），who said they were struggling to master the details quickly．
Now thanks to the efforts of（5） a number of young programmers，discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo（6） or calling someone using your smartphone．
They have applied speech and image recognition technologies（7） to apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbage﹣separation rules．
Most of the apps and services，which（8） began （begin） springing up last month in app stores，on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay，allow users to type in the name of waste（9） to identify （identify） which category it belongs to．Many apps also use speech and image recognition to make the process much easier，but their creators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese（10） becoming （become） more accustomed to the rules．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】文章讲述了上海颁布强制性的垃圾分类法律，以及人们对此规定的应对措施．
【解答】1．that．考查连词，that引导同位语从句，解释说明法律的内容，故填that．
2．categories．考查名词，根据four可知使用名词复数，故填categories．
3．be fined．考查被动，根据may可知使用动词原形，被罚款，故填be fined．
4．worried．考查形容词，make sb+adj．：使某人怎么样，修饰人担心的，故填worried．
5．a．考查冠词，a number of：许多的，大量的，故填a．
6．or．考查连词，拍照片或者打电话，表示选择，故填or．
7．to．考查介词，apply…to：应用，使用，故填to．
8．began，考查动词，从句缺少谓语动词，根据last month可知使用一般过去时，故填began．
9．to identify．考查不定式，to do做目的状语，故填to identify．
10．becoming．考查非谓语，with：随着，复合结构中Chinese作宾语，与become是主动关系，使用现在分词作宾补，故填becoming．
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．
3．More than 30，000 runners selected from 160，000 applicants both in and out of China（1） took （take） part in this year's Beijing Marathon on Nov 3.
（2） Wearing （wear） colorful T﹣shirts and posing for photos，they gathered at Tian'anmen Square before taking their places at the starting line.
Nearly a decade ago，Chinese marathon（3） organizers （organizer） struggled to fill the starting blocks.Now，at big events（4） like the Beijing Marathon，runners must win a lottery（5） to enter （enter）.
This is part of the world's running boom（热潮）.For millions of runners around the world，the real reason they head out to pound the roads until their legs hurt is more than weight（6） loss （lost） or fitness.
Chasing records like the three﹣hour mark，for example，is important，but it's not（7） why people run mile after mile，up hills，in wind and rain，when they could just stay comfortable in their beds.Record times are merely the carrots they dangle（悬挂）in front of（8） themselves （they）.
Last year，a runner in the United Kingdom trained with the goal of（9） running （run）a marathon in less than three hours.In the end，he finished in three hours and two minutes.However，he was pleased afterward. "If I had done it，that would be it. " he told the Guardian. "Now I've still got my target，I can try again next year. "
（10） Although running is hard and requires effort，it also brings joy.Think about children.When they are excited，they can't stop running back and forth，up and down.
【答案】（1）took（2）Wearing（3）organizers（4）like（5）to enter（6）loss（7）why（8）themselves（9）running（10）Although
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述马拉松的流行。
【解答】（1）took.考查动词时态。句意：11月3日，从中国境内外16万名申请者中选出的3万多名运动员参加了今年的北京马拉松比赛。根据时间状语on Nov 3，可知此处用一般过去时，故填took。
（2）Wearing.考查现在分词。句意：他们身穿五颜六色的T恤衫，摆着姿势拍照，聚集在天安门广场，然后在起跑线上就位。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，they与wear之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Wearing。
（3）organizers.考查名词。句意：近十年前，中国马拉松组织者努力填补起跑障碍。organizer组织者，发起人，可数名词，中国马拉松发起者不能是一个人，所以此处要用复数形式，故填organizers。
（4）like.考查介词。句意：现在，像北京马拉松这样的大型赛事，赛跑选手必须赢得入场券才能参加。like像，介词，故填like。
（5）to enter.考查动词不定式。句意：现在，像北京马拉松这样的大型赛事，赛跑选手必须赢得入场券才能参加。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to enter。
（6）loss.考查名词。句意：对全世界数以百万计的赛跑选手来说，他们出去在路上跑直到腿受伤的真正原因不仅是减肥或者健康。or或者，其后的fitness是名词，所以此处也用名词，lost的名词形式是loss，故填loss。
（7）why.考查表语从句。句意：比如追踪三个小时的纪录是很重要的，这并不是人们本来可以在家里躺在舒适的床上，却在风雨交加的情况下，一英里又一英里地跑上山的原因。分析句子可知，此处引导表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，故填why。
（8）themselves.考查反身代词。句意：创纪录的时间不过是他们挂在自己面前晃来晃去的胡萝卜。结合句意可知，此处表示"他们自己"，故用反身代词，故填themselves。
（9）running.考查动名词。句意：去年，英国的一名跑步者接受了训练，目标是在三小时内跑完一场马拉松。分析句子可知，此处用动名词作介词of的宾语，故填running。
（10）Although.考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然跑步很辛苦，需要付出努力，但它也能带来快乐。根据句意，此处是一个让步状语从句，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Although。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
4．China is now fighting a war of a different kind.It's against（1） an unseen enemy，which has been named COVID﹣19 by the WHO.Since its appearance at the end of December in Wuhan，the virus causing this disease（2） has spread （spread）to other cities，infecting hundreds of thousands of people and （3） leading （lead） to over one thousand deaths.As yet，there is no vaccine（疫苗）to protect people against the virus and the only（4） effective （effect） way to fight it is to try to contain it.
The Chinese people should be praised because，for the most part，they've emulated（效仿）the Britons' "stiff upper lip" and refused to panic.They've stayed home as much（5） as possible，worn protective masks and washed their hands frequently and（6） thoroughly （thorough）.The government's response has also been calm.They've kept everyone（7） informed （inform）about what has been happening and they've sent thousands of （8） doctors （doctor） and nurses to Hubei to treat those who have been infected.
This terrible virus hasn't been defeated and the fight against it may continue for several more months.However，it will eventually die out.It's hoped（9） that when the crisis fades，China—and the world—will learn that cooperation and hope，not panic or criticism，is the best way（10） to face （face）a common threat.
【答案】（1）an（2）has spread（3）leading（4）effective（5）as（6）thoroughly（7）informed（8）doctors（9）that（10）to face
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了2019年底中国国内暴发了新型冠状病毒肺炎，全国人民都听从国家号召，待在家内并采取各种防护措施来抵抗病毒。与此同时，国家抽派最精干的医疗人员去支援湖北抗击病毒。人们坚信只要全国人民乃至全世界人们携起手来，最后一定能够把病毒彻底打败。
【解答】（1）an.考查冠词。句意：它是一个被WHO命名为2019冠状病毒疾病的看不见的敌人。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，unseen首字母发音为元音音素，故填an。
（2）has spread.考查动词时态。句意：自12月底在武汉出现以来，引起这种疾病的病毒已经传播到其他城市，感染了数十万人，导致了一千多人死亡。时间状语为Since its appearance at the end of December in Wuhan，句子用现在完成时，主语为the virus causing this disease，谓语动词用三单形式，故填has spread。
（3）leading.考查现在分词。句意：自12月底在武汉出现以来，引起这种疾病的病毒已经传播到其他城市，感染了数十万人，导致了一千多人死亡。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与lead之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填leading。
（4）effective.考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，还没有疫苗可以保护人们免受病毒的侵害，唯一有效的办法是设法控制它。分析句子可知，此处用形容词修饰名词way，故填effective。
（5）as.考查固定搭配。句意：他们尽可能多地呆在家里，戴上防护面具，频繁彻底地洗手。as much as possible表示尽可能地，故填as。
（6）thoroughly.考查副词。句意：他们尽可能多地呆在家里，戴上防护面具，频繁彻底地洗手。and 前后连接两个并列副词修饰动词wash作状语，故填thoroughly。
（7）informed.考查过去分词。句意：他们让每个人都知道发生了什么事，并派遣数千名医生和护士到湖北治疗感染者。keep sb.informed of/about sth.意思是告知某人某事，故填informed。
（8）doctors.考查名词。句意：他们让每个人都知道发生了什么事，并派遣数千名医生和护士到湖北治疗感染者。由空格前的thousands of可知应当用名词的复数形式，故填doctors。
（9）that.考查主语从句。句意：人们希望，当危机消退时，中国和世界将认识到，合作和希望，而不是恐慌或批评，是面对共同威胁的最佳方式。分析句子可知，此处it为形式主语，该空引导真正的主语从句，从句中不缺少成分和含义，故填that。
（10）to face.考查动词不定式。句意：人们希望，当危机消退时，中国和世界将认识到，合作和希望，而不是恐慌或批评，是面对共同威胁的最佳方式。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作定语修饰名词the best way，故填to face。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
5．To mourn Dr.Li Wenliang，our real hero
Dr.Li Wenliang，one of the eight "whistleblowers" who tried（1） to warn （warn）fellow medics of （2） the novel coronavirus when it emerged in Wuhan，died early on Friday.Wuhan Central Hospital（3） confirmed （confirm） in a statement released on（4） its （it） official Weibo account."Our hospital's ophthalmologist，Li Wenliang，was （5） unfortunately （fortunate） infected with COVID﹣19 during his work in the fight（6） against/with the COVID﹣19 epidemic，" the statement read，（7） adding （add） "He died at 2：58 a.m.on February7 after attempts to resuscitate were unsuccessful."
"After emergency treatment，Li Wenliang passed away，" the Central Hospital of Wuhan announced on Weibo，China's version of Twitter."We deeply regret and mourn Li's（8） death （die）."
Dr.Li is a hero，（9） who will live in our hearts forever.May God bless all the courageous doctors and （10） nurses （nurse） fighting on the front line.
【答案】（1）to warn（2）the（3）confirmed（4）its（5）unfortunately（6）against/with（7）adding（8）death（9）who（10）nurses
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了新型冠状病毒的第一吹哨人李文亮医生不幸感染新型冠状病毒肺炎，虽然经过竭力救治仍不幸去世，令人惋惜难过。
【解答】（1）to warn.考查动词不定式。句意：李文亮博士是星期五在武汉出现的八名"告密者"之一，他试图警告新型冠状病毒的医务人员。try to do 意为努力做某事，故填to warn。
（2）the.考查冠词。句意：李文亮博士是星期五在武汉出现的八名"告密者"之一，他试图警告新型冠状病毒的医务人员。这里表述的是专有名词新型冠状病毒，故应在novel coronavirus 前加the，故填the。
（3）confirmed.考查动词时态。句意：武汉中心医院在其官方微博上发布的一份声明中证实了这一点。李文亮的事件发生在过去，医院证实这个事件是过去的事情，故填confirmed。
（4）its.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：武汉中心医院在其官方微博上发布的一份声明中证实了这一点。修饰名词Weibo account，所以用it 的形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
（5）unfortunately.考查副词。句意："我们2019冠状病毒疾病2019冠状病毒疾病的治疗，在科威特﹣19流行病的斗争中，我们医院的眼科医生李文亮不幸感染了CVID﹣19，"声明写道，"他在2月5日凌晨2点58分在复苏后失败了。"修饰形容词infected，所以用fortunate的副词形式。从语境中得知此为不幸的事，故填unfortunately。
（6）against/with.考查介词。句意："我们2019冠状病毒疾病2019冠状病毒疾病的治疗，在科威特﹣19流行病的斗争中，我们医院的眼科医生李文亮不幸感染了CVID﹣19，"声明写道，"他在2月5日凌晨2点58分在复苏后失败了。"fight against/with 意为与……作斗争，故填against/with。
（7）adding.考查现在分词。句意："我们2019冠状病毒疾病2019冠状病毒疾病的治疗，在科威特﹣19流行病的斗争中，我们医院的眼科医生李文亮不幸感染了CVID﹣19，"声明写道，"他在2月5日凌晨2点58分在复苏后失败了。"分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，add 和the statement为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填adding。
（8）death.考查名词。句意：我们对李的去世深表遗憾和哀悼。分析句子可知，此处用名词作动词mourn的宾语，故填death。
（9）who.考查定语从句。句意：李医生是一位英雄，他将永远活在我们心中。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a hero，在从句中作主语，故填who。
（10）nurses.考查名词。句意：愿上帝保佑在前线战斗的所有勇敢的医生和护士。空前有all，故用名词的复数形式，故填nurses。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
6．（2021秋 工农区校级期末）I recently heard a story about a famous scientist．When he （1） was asked （ask） why he was able to succeed，he gave the answer．It all came from an experience with （2） his mother when he was about two years old． "I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell，spilling （溢出） the milk all over the floor﹣a sea of milk!I got（3） frightened （frighten） and I didn't know what to do!" he said．
Instead of （4） punishing （punish） him，his mother asked him to play in the milk for a while．Then she said， " You know，we failed in how to（5） successfully （successful） carry a big milk bottle with two tiny（6） hands （hand） just now．Let's go out in the yard and fill the bottle（7） with water to see if you can discover a way to carry it．"
This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he （8） knew （know） he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes（9） which/that were actually opportunities for learning something new．Even if the experiment "doesn't work"，we usually learn something（10） valuable （value） from it．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】科学家在犯了一次错误之后，妈妈的教育让他从中学到了东西，正是在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误，而这些错误实际上是学习新事物的机会，即使实验"不起作用"，我们通常也能从中学习到有价值的东西．所以这位科学家最后成功了．
【解答】1．was asked．考查被动．当这个科学家被问到他为什么能够成功，应该用被动语态，因为本文的叙述是过去时，所以填was asked．
2．his．考查代词．这里是指这个科学家的妈妈，所以用his．故填his．
3．frightened．考查形容词．此处用形容词做表语，frightened是形容词"感到害怕的"，所以填frightened．
4．punishing．考查非谓语．介词短语instead of后跟动名词，所以填punishing．
5．successfully．考查副词．此处用副词修饰动词carry，successfully是副词"成功地"，所以填successfully．
6．hands．考查名词．hand是可数名词，被two修饰，应该用复数形式，所以填hands．
7．with．考查固定短语．fill…with是固定短语"用…填充"，所以填with．
8．knew．考查时态．本文的叙述都是过去时，所以此处谓语动词也用过去时，故填knew．
9．which/that．考查定语从句．先行词是mistakes在定语从句中做主语，所以用which或者that引导，故填which/that．
10．valuable．考查形容词．此处是形容词在句中做后置定语，valuable是形容词"有价值的"，所以填valuable．
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．
7．Florentijin Hofman turns to his children's toys （1） for inspiration.Hofman's inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk（2） tales （tale），which is about a fish （3） jumping （jump）through the "Dragon Gate".Tan Dun，who is（4） widely （wide）known for composing music for a famous film and the 2008 Beijing Olympics，（5） thinks （think）"There is no territory in the world of music".Tan Dun combines Chinese music and sounds from all over the world（6） to tell （tell）stories.Yang Liping has been known （7） as "Peacock Princess"，winning a national（8） competition （compete）with her Spirit of the Peacock dance.She feels grateful for the years in Xishuangbanna.Her dance comes from the traditional （9） belief （believe） of Dai people and aims to bring（10） out the beauty of Dai women.
【答案】（1）for（2）tales（3）jumping（4）widely（5）thinks（6）to tell（7）as（8）competition（9）belief（10）out
【分析】本文以几位艺术家为例讲述了艺术无国界。
【解答】（1）for.考查介词。句意：Florentijin Hofman从他的儿童玩具中寻找灵感。turn to sb.for sth.为某事求助于某人，故填for。
（2）tales.考查名词。句意：霍夫曼的《浮鱼》灵感来自中国民间故事，是关于一条鱼跃过"龙门"的故事。tale为可数名词，所以用复数名词泛指，故填tales。
（3）jumping.考查动名词。句意：霍夫曼的《浮鱼》灵感来自中国民间故事，是关于一条鱼跃过"龙门"的故事。作介词的宾语，所以用动名词，故填jumping。
（4）widely.考查副词。句意：谭盾曾为一部著名电影和2008年北京奥运会作曲，他认为"音乐的世界是没有领土的"。修饰动词，所以用副词，表示抽象概念，故填widely。
（5）thinks.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：谭盾曾为一部著名电影和2008年北京奥运会作曲，他认为"音乐的世界是没有领土的"。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为专有名词Tan Dun，故填thinks。
（6）to tell.考查不定式。句意：谭盾将中国音乐和来自世界各地的声音结合在一起，讲述故事。不定式作目的状语，故填to tell。
（7）as.考查介词。句意：杨丽萍被称为"孔雀公主"，她的孔雀舞精神赢得了全国比赛。be known as被称之为，为固定搭配，故填as。
（8）competition.考查名词。句意：杨丽萍被称为"孔雀公主"，她的孔雀舞精神赢得了全国比赛。前面有不定冠词，所以用单数名词，故填competition。
（9）belief.考查名词。句意：她的舞蹈来源于傣族的传统信仰，旨在展现傣族女性的美丽。作介词的宾语，前面有形容词修饰，所以用名词，故填belief。
（10）out.考查动词短语。句意：她的舞蹈来源于傣族的传统信仰，旨在展现傣族女性的美丽。bring out展现，故填out。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
8．Earlier this year，a three﹣year﹣old boy from Guangxi died after（1） being left （leave）in a car for several hours in the hot afternoon sun.（2） Although this was a horrible tragedy，it isn't a rare story across the world.
In the United States alone，at least 39 children（3） have died （die）in similar incidents so far this year，according to the figures published by independent organization NoHeatStroke.But could a high﹣tech device save a child （4） who is locked in a car or help other people take the kid out before it's too late？
Three high school students at Guangdong Experimental High School may have the answer to this question.They made a device using a sensor（5） to monitor （monitor）both the temperature and level of carbon dioxide in a car，which also blows out cool air（6） when the levels become too high.The invention，which ensures the safety of passengers in cars，helped them win the gold medal at the 2017 Invention & New Product Exposition，an invention show in the United States.
While the device（7） itself didn't sound very complex，it needed special skills to make it.Thanks to on﹣campus science and technology courses at their school，the students armed themselves with the knowledge（8） needed （need）to get the job done.They also spent their spare time（9） researching （research）on the Internet and using smart phone apps.
The team stood out not only because of the advanced technology they used，but because of the human interest side of their invention，they noticed some social problems，（10） thought （think）about them and tried to solve them.
【答案】（1）being left （2）Although （3）have died （4）who （5）to monitor （6）when （7）itself （8）needed （9）researching （10 ）thought
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了广东实验中学的三名高中生发明"儿童车内安全系统"获世界大奖的故事，这一发明能保证车内乘客的安全。
【解答】（1）being left.考查动名词。句意：今年早些时候，一个来自广西的三岁男孩在炎热的午后阳光下被留在车里几个小时后死亡。介词after后要跟名词，动词要用其动名词形式，要填的动词这一动作的逻辑主语是：a three﹣year﹣old boy三岁的男孩，他是leave动作的接受者，要用被动态，be left，be在介词后为being，故填being left。
（2）Although.考查连词。句意：这种事情在全世界并不少见。这种事情是个可怕的悲剧。也就是说悲剧本来是要避免发生的，不叫它发生，而实际情况并不是这样，所以从句和主句之间的逻辑关系是让步，连词在句首，故填Although。
（3）have died.考查时态。句意：仅在美国，今年到目前为止，至少有39名儿童在类似事件中死亡。句子中时间状语so far是到目前为止的意思，表示的是段时间，另一个时间状语：this year表示和现在相关，所以要用现在完成时，die虽然是个瞬间动词，但这里强调的是存在的这种事情，更多的是强调的存在的事实，不是动作，所以要用完成时，故填have died。
（4）who.考查定语从句。句意：在车里的孩子，或者帮助其他人在为时已晚之前把孩子带出去？句中child是先行词，后面是限制性定语从句，定语从句缺少主语，指人的先行词用who，作定语从句的主语，故填who。
（5）to monitor.考查动词不定式。句意：但是，一个高科技设备能否拯救被锁他们制造了一个装置，使用传感器来监测（监视）汽车内的温度和二氧化碳水平。句中谓语动词made的宾语device后的成分是其定语，不是其补足语，修饰说明是一种什么device，定语中using后用不定式to do，作目的状语，故填to monitor。
（6）when.考查连词。句意：是它可以吹进冷空气，从句是车内温度和二氧化碳含量达到限定值时。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是device，在非限制性定语从句中，主从之间是有时间的先后顺序的，所以要用引导时间状语的连词，达到极值是一点，故填when。
（7）itself.考查代词。句意：虽然这个装置本身听起来并不复杂，但它需要特殊的技术来制造。主语the device是物，单数，用同位语来加强语气，放在它后面，所以要用表示单数物的反身代词，故填itself。
（8）needed.考查过去分词。句意：学生们用完成工作所需的知识武装自己。非谓语动词作定语修饰knowledge，它是后面动词need的接受者，所以要用V﹣ed形式，故填needed。
（9）researching.考查动名词。句意：他们还利用业余时间在网上搜索信息，使用智能手机应用程序。spend time （in） doing sth.是固定搭配，所以spend后动词要用V﹣ing形式，故填researching。
（10）thought.考查时态。句意：他们注意到一些社会问题，思考这些问题，并试图解决这些问题。在句中三个动词并列：notice，think和try，前、后两个动词用的都是一般过去式，谈论的是发生过的事情，所以中间的动词也要用一般过去式，故填thought。
【点评】此题要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量、扎实的句型和语法知识，还要去学生有较好的阅读能力，能灵活运用所学知识去分析语篇。简单地说，该题型的考查范围极广，不仅包括词汇和语法的掌握，还考查学生的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力，以及情境语感。
9．China （1） has launched （launch） a national cloud learning platform since Feb.3 and started broadcasting primary school classes （2） to make （make） sure the country's 180 million students can still keep learning even though schools are closed，according to state﹣run news agency Xinhua.A new school semester，（3） scheduled （schedule） to start today，has been postponed indefinitely as part of（4） measures （measure） to fight against COVID﹣19.China's authorities have encouraged people to stay at home to help reduce（5） its （it） spread.
The approach differs by age.Primary school classes are being broadcast on one of China's state TV channels.Junior and senior high school students in China can use an online learning platform（6） which/that has 169 lessons covering 12 subjects for the first week，based on the national curriculum.Teachers will keep（7） updating （update） the platform with new materials as needed.
The government has required the China's three（8） biggest （big）telecom operators—China Mobile，China Unicom and China Telecom—plus tech companies like Huawei，Baidu and Alibaba to back up the platform（9） ensuring （ensure） up to 50 million students can use it at the same time.About 600，000 teachers have also been using a live streaming service called Dingtalk to conduct online classes，the company said，although it has（10） apparently （apparent） not gone down so well with many students.
【答案】（1）has launched（2）to make（3）scheduled（4）measures（5）its（6）which/that（7）updating（8）biggest（9）ensuring（10）apparently
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述一场突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎席卷全中国，学生无法正常到校学习。政府采取措施让学生在家通过网络上课学习。
【解答】（1）has launched.考查动词时态。句意：据官方通讯社新华社报道，中国从2月3日起启动了国家云学习平台，并开始广播小学课程，以确保全国1.8亿学生在学校关闭的情况下仍能继续学习。时间状语为since Feb.3，句子用现在完成时，主语为China，谓语动词用三单形式，故填has launched。
（2）to make.考查动词不定式。句意：据官方通讯社新华社报道，中国从2月3日起启动了国家云学习平台，并开始广播小学课程，以确保全国1.8亿学生在学校关闭的情况下仍能继续学习。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to make。
（3）scheduled.考查过去分词。句意：新学期开始，2019冠状病毒疾病被无限期推迟，作为对抗COVID﹣19的措施之一。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，semester与schedule之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填scheduled。
（4）measures.考查名词。句意：新学期开始，2019冠状病毒疾病被无限期推迟，作为对抗COVID﹣19的措施之一。结合句意可知，此处表示复数含义，故填measures。
（5）its.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：中国当局鼓励人们呆在家里以帮助减少其传播。后面是名词，所以只能用形容词性物主代词its修饰，意思是减少它的传播，故填its。
（6）which/that.考查定语从句。句意：中国的初中生和高中生可以使用一个在线学习平台，根据国家课程，该平台第一周有169节课，涵盖12个科目。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为platform，在从句中作主语，故太难which/that。
（7）updating.考查动名词。句意：教师将根据需要不断更新平台的新材料。keep doing表示"不断做某事"符合句意，故填updating。
（8）biggest.考查最高级。句意：政府已要求中国三大电信运营商中国移动、中国联通和中国电信加华为、百度和阿里巴巴等科技公司对该平台进行备份，以确保多达5000万学生可以同时使用该平台。前面有the，意思是中国最大的三家电信运营商，故用最高级，故填biggest。
（9）ensuring.考查现在分词。句意：政府已要求中国三大电信运营商中国移动、中国联通和中国电信加华为、百度和阿里巴巴等科技公司对该平台进行备份，以确保多达5000万学生可以同时使用该平台。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，因platform 和ensure在逻辑上是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，故填ensuring。
（10）apparently.考查副词。句意：该公司表示，大约60万名教师也一直在使用名为Dingtalk的流媒体直播服务进行在线授课，尽管这项服务显然没有受到很多学生的欢迎。分析句子可知，此处用副词修饰动词has，故填apparently。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
10．（2018 新课标Ⅰ）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years （1） longer （long） than non﹣runners．You don't have to run fast or for long （2） to see （see） the benefit．You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of （3） dying （die） early by running．
While running regularly can't make you live forever ，the review says it （4） is （be） more effective at lengthening life （5） than walking，cycling or swimming．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014（6） that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（7） causes （cause）．
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do．But otherwise …it's probably running．To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to （8） strengthen （strength） your leg muscles （肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes．Running is cheap，easy and it's always （9） energetic （energy）．If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give （10） it/running a try．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文讲述跑步的好处：根据医学杂志上的一项证据，跑步者比不跑步的人多活三年．每天只要跑5到10分钟，就能降低罹患心脏病和各种原因导致的早亡风险．跑步既便宜又容易，而且总是充满活力．
【解答】1．longer，考查比较级，后面有than，所以用比较级．
2．to see，考查不定式，作目的状语，所以用不定式．
3．dying，考查动名词，介词of后跟动名词作宾语．
4．is，考查主谓一致，主语为it，所以用第三人称单数谓语．
5．than，考查固定搭配，前面有比较级more effective，所以用than．
6．that/which，考查定语从句，先行词为study，在定语从句中作主语，所以用which或that引导．
7．causes，考查名词的数，cause"原因"，为可数名词，前面有all，所以用复数．
8．strengthen，考查动词，作目的状语，用不定式，前面有to，所以用动词原形．
9．energetic，考查形容词，作表语，所以用形容词．
10．it/running，考查名词或代词，指代前面提到的running，可以用running，作宾语，也可以用it．
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．
11．When someone has（1） deeply （deep）hurt you，it can be very difficult to let go of your anger.But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly （2） beneficial （benefit）to your physical and mental health.So far，studies（3） have shown （show）that people who forgive can have more energy，better appetite and better sleep."People who forgive show（4） less （little）anger and more hopefulness，" says Dr Frederic Luskin，who wrote the book Forgive for Good."So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people（5） to feel （feel）more energetic."
So when someone has hurt you，cool down first.Take a couple of breaths and think of something （6） that gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，or someone you love.Don't wait for an （7） apology （apologize）."Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing，" says Dr Luskin."They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in the same way.So if you wait for people to say sorry，you could be waiting for a very long time."
Next keep（8） in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean（9） accepting （accept）the action of the person who （10） upset （upset）you.Instead，learn to look for the love，beauty and kindness around you.Finally，try to see things from the other person's perspective.You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance.To gain perspective，you may want to write a letter to yourself from that person's point of view.
【答案】（1）deeply（2）beneficial（3）has shown（4）less（5）to feel（6）that（7）apology（8）in（9）accepting（10）upset
【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了当被别人伤害后，应该怎么做的问题。
【解答】（1）deeply.考查副词。句意：当有人深深地伤害了你，你很难释怀你的愤怒。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填deeply.
（2）beneficial.考查形容词。句意：但是宽恕是有可能的，它会对你的身心健康带来意想不到的好处。此处作表语，应使用形容词beneficial"有益的"，be beneficial to"对……有益"。故填beneficial.
（3）has shown.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，原谅别人的人可以有更多的精力，更好的食欲和更好的睡眠模式。句中时间状语的so far，所以用现在完成时态，主语为不可数名词，故填has shown.
（4）less.考查比较级。句意：宽恕的人表现出更少的愤怒和更多的希望。根据后面的"more hopefulness"可知用little的比较级，故填less.
（5）to feel.考查不定式。句意：因此，它可以帮助减少对我们系统的磨损，让人们感觉更有活力。allow sb to do sth，允许某人做某事，所以用不定式，故填to feel.
（6）that.考查定语从句。句意：呼吸几下，想想能给你带来快乐的东西：句中含有定语从句，先行词是"something"，从句中缺少主语，故填that.
（7）apology.考查名词的数。句意：不要等道歉。前面有冠词an，所以后面应该用单数名词形式．故填apology.
（8）in.考查介词。句意：其次，请记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受那个让你心烦的人的行为。固定短语：keep…in mind"记住……"。故填in.
（9）accepting.考查动名词。句意：其次，请记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受那个让你心烦的人的行为。mean doing sth，意思是"意味着做某事"。故填accepting.
（10）upset.考查形容词。句意：其次，请记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受那个让你心烦的人的行为。此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是the person，关系词在从句中作主语，谓语动词应与先行词保持主谓一致，upset这一动作已发生，应使用一般过去时。故填upsets.
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
12．How do people climb the wall？（1） To climb （climb），you need special shoes and a harness（保护带）（2） around your chest to hold you.There are ropes tied to your harness.The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall.A（3） beginner's （begin） wall is usually about 15 feet high，and you climb straight up.
There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand（4） on and hold on to.Sometimes it's easy to see the new piece of metal.Sometimes，it's not.The most difficult part is to control（5） your fear.It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling，（6） so it's difficult not to feel fear.But when you move away from the wall，the harness and the ropes will hold you，and you will feel safe.You（7） move （move） slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people（8） because it's good exercise for almost everyone.You use your whole body，especially your arms and legs.This sport gives your body a complete workout.When you climb，（9） both your mind and your body can become （10） stronger （strong）.
【答案】（1）To climb（2）around（3）beginner's（4）on（5）your（6）so（7）move（8）because（9）both（10）stronger
【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了攀爬运动需要的条件及对人们的好处。
【解答】（1）To climb.考查不定式。句意：为了攀爬，你需要特殊的鞋子和绑在胸前的安全带。此处表目的，应使用动词不定式。意为"为了攀爬，你需要……"。故填To climb。
（2）around.考查介词。句意：为了攀爬，你需要特殊的鞋子和绑在胸前的安全带。根据常识，就是将保护带环绕（around）胸部捆紧。故填around。
（3）beginner's.考查名词所有格。句意：初学者的墙通常有15英尺高，你可以直接爬上去。在冠词与名词之间缺定语，由begin可想到是指"初学者的"墙。故填beginner's。
（4）on.考查介词。句意：有一些突出的金属小块，你可以站在上面抓着。句中that引导的是定语从句，并代表the metal，在句中做主语；不定式与主语在逻辑上有动宾关系，即stand ______ the metal，不难想到是"踩在金属上面"。句意：有一些小金属条伸出来供你脚踩或供手抓。故填on。
（5）your.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：最困难的部分是控制你的恐惧。由前面的for you to和后面的your arms等可知，本文用you，your等来泛指攀登的人，在名词fear前作定语，用your。故填your。
（6）so.考查连词。句意：人类害怕摔倒是很正常的，所以很难不感到害怕。前句表示原因，此句表示结果，引出结果分句用so。故填so。
（7）move.考查时态。句意：你慢慢地移动，直到到达山顶。全文都是用一般现在时来说明的。故填move。
（8）because.考查连词。句意：攀岩吸引了很多人，因为它几乎对每个人都是很好的锻炼。前句是结果，后句是原因，引导原因状语从句用because。故填because。
（9）both.考查固定搭配。句意：当你攀登时，你的思想和身体都会变得更强壮。固定搭配：both...and..."两者都……"，此处指精神和身体两方面。故填both。
（10）stronger.考查比较级。句意：当你攀登时，你的思想和身体都会变得更强壮。根据语境，此处指"变得比原来更加强壮"，含比较意思。故填stronger。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
13．Stephen Curry is the son of Dell Curry，（1） who is a famous basketball player.He spent his childhood years（2） practising （practise） in a small court（3） built （build）by his grandfather and （4） developed （develop） his own playing style.When in high school，his teammates and coaches thought he was（5） too thin and too short to follow in his father's footsteps.But he refused to give up and ended up（6） playing （play） in a small school.（7） Finally （final） he joined Golden State Warriors and won his first NBA championship in 2015.He believed in（8） himself （him）and explained what others think of you does not influence（9） what you become.He has shown that anything is possible through self﹣belief，hard work and （10） perseverance （perserve）.
【答案】（1）who （2）practising （3）built （4）developed （5）too （6）playing （7）Finally （8）himself （9）what （10）perseverance
【分析】本文讲述了Stephen Curry 童年时拒绝放弃，最终在一所小学校打球，最后他加入了金州勇士队，并在2015年赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军。他相信自己，并解释了别人对你的看法不会影响你成为什么，他已经通过自信、努力和毅力证明任何事情都是可能的。
【解答】（1）who.考查定语从句。句意：斯蒂芬 库里是戴尔 库里的儿子，戴尔 库里是一位著名的篮球运动员。这是一个定语从句，先行词Dell Curry指人，在从句做主语，关系代词用who，故填who。
（2）practising.考查固定搭配。句意：他童年时在祖父建造的一个小球场上练习，发展了自己的球风。考查固定搭配。"spend......doing sth"花时间做某事，固定搭配，故填practising。
（3）built.考查过去分词。句意：他童年时在祖父建造的一个小球场上练习，发展了自己的球风。考查过去分词。 （build）by his grandfather 作定语修饰court，表示被动关系，故填built。
（4）developed.考查动词过去式。句意：他童年时在祖父建造的一个小球场上练习，发展了自己的球风。横线部分与spent 并列，表示过去，应用过去时态，故填developed。
（5）too.考查固定短语。句意：高中时，他的队友和教练都认为太瘦太矮，无法追随父亲的脚步。"too......to "太......而不能，固定短语，故填too。
（6）playing.考查固定短语。句意：但他拒绝放弃，最终在一所小学校打球。"end up doing sth"以做某事而告终，固定短语，故填playing。
（7）Finally.考查副词。句意：最后他加入了金州勇士队，并在2015年赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军。修饰动词joined用final的副词，故填Finally。
（8）himself.考查代词。句意：他相信自己，并解释了别人对你的看法不会影响你会成为什么。根据句意可知，他相信他自己，应用him的反身代词，故填himself。
（9）what.考查引导词。句意：他已经通过自信、努力和毅力证明任何事情都是可能的。这是一个宾语从句，引导词what作become的宾语，故填what。
（10）perseverance.考查名词。句意：他已经通过自信、努力和毅力证明任何事情都是可能的。self﹣belief，hard work 和横线部分是并列关系，应用preserve的名词，故填perseverance。
【点评】做语法填空时，用所学的词法，句法及语法基础知识填空，这就需要我们在平时学习的过程中扎牢词法，句法及语法基础知识。
14．（2025春 东坡区校级期末）A three﹣bedroom 3 D﹣printed farmhouse has been built in Wujiazhuang village，Zhangjiakou，（1） which is the co﹣host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics.With ceilings and walls decorated by weave patterns，Zhao Xiujuan's house covers （2） an area of 106 square meters.
When Xu Weiguo，a professor at Tsinghua University，came up with the idea of building a 3 D﹣printed farmhouse，there was an outpouring of concern from villagers，who（3） wondered （wonder） whether it would be strong enough.However，Zhao shrugged off（4） what her fellow villagers doubted and made the work go on.The construction（5） was completed （complete） in two weeks，with only two people on each device.
China's 3 D printing technology has been（6） widely （wide） used in many fields. "This technology can not only save manpower and construction costs，but also increase（7） efficiency （efficient） and quality，" Xu said，adding that it can keep the design and construction of traditional houses while（8） creating （create） beautiful patterns. "There are still a large number of houses and infrastructure （基础设施）（9） to be built （build） in China in the future，" Xu said. "Intelligent technologies can solve the labor shortage problem faced by the construction industry，freeing workers（10） from their heavy labor."
【答案】（1）which（2）an（3）wondered（4）what（5）was completed（6）widely（7）efficiency（8）creating（9）to be built（10）from
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍河北省张家口市吴家庄村建成的一座3 D打印三居室房屋，引出了3 D打印技术应用于建筑领域的优点。
【解答】（1）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一个三个卧室的3 D打印的农舍已经在张家口市武家庄村建造了，那里是2022冬奥会的共同举办城市。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Zhangjiakou，因为先行词是一座城市，指物在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（2）an.考查冠词。句意：赵秀娟的房子占地106平方米，天花板和墙壁都用编织图案装饰。该处意为房子的面积为106平方米，area是以元音开头的单词，故填an。
（3）wondered.考查动词时态。句意：有来自村民们的如潮的担心，他们想知道打印的房子是否足够坚固。通读第三段可知，该段都在讲述过去的事情，所以空处应该用一般过去时态，故填wondered。
（4）what.考查连词。句意：然而，赵对其他村民担心的事情不予理会，使这项工作继续进行。分析句子结构可知，"her fellow villagers"是一个宾语从句，作shrugged off的宾语；空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，说明村民们担心的是什么，故填what。
（5）was completed.考查动词时态、语态、主谓一致。句意：房屋建设仅耗时两周就完成了。首先，这里介绍的是过去发生的事情，故应该用一般过去时，其次，主语The construction和谓语动词complete（完成）是被动关系，且主语是单数
期末培优 语法填空
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．As I went through school，I came to understand that life was about （1） （compete）.The only thing that mattered was doing（2） （well） than everyone else.I watched this cycle through the lives of my four older brothers.I watched them win（3） （award） time and time again and admired by teachers and adults alike.And I wanted all of that.But then I learned that I couldn't compete （4） my brothers or others for that matter.I didn't enjoy math and science nearly as much as I enjoyed English literature.My stomach would often hurt（5） （think）about the amount of time I'd have to put in studying and working to get ahead of everyone.Around the seventh grade，I decided that I didn't care about being a top student anymore.I just wanted to do （6） brought me joy.I wanted to just read and write for days.
Then I watched my older brothers enter the workplace and not enjoy the career path they had chosen.That made my stomach hurt，too.At the same time，they were making a lot of money and were able （7） （afford）expensive cars and go on trips that seemed enjoyable，but I decided that I'd not trade a job （8） brought me joy for the cars and trips.
So I did just that.I （9） （major） in English in college with a concentration on creative fictions.For the past decade，I have had a career in a non﹣profit organization serving children in need.It has brought me great joy.There's not a daily drive to compete in the market place and be better than another organization so that we increase our profits.The drive is to serve another person with excellence.And the other unexpected aspects are that（10） I have never made a lot of money，I have a car and have been fortunate to take some pretty amazing trips for work.
2．（2019秋 文峰区校级月考）Household garbage sorting and recycling has become a hot topic in Shanghai because of China' s first compulsive garbage﹣separation law（1） every household and institution shall classify waste into four （2） （category）．Those who fail to sort garbage may （3） （fine） up to 200 yuan．
Previously，everything went into one bin，so this change has made many people very（4） （worry），who said they were struggling to master the details quickly．
Now thanks to the efforts of（5） number of young programmers，discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo（6） calling someone using your smartphone．
They have applied speech and image recognition technologies（7） apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbage﹣separation rules．
Most of the apps and services，which（8） （begin） springing up last month in app stores，on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay，allow users to type in the name of waste（9） （identify） which category it belongs to．Many apps also use speech and image recognition to make the process much easier，but their creators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese（10） （become） more accustomed to the rules．
3．More than 30，000 runners selected from 160，000 applicants both in and out of China（1） （take） part in this year's Beijing Marathon on Nov 3.
（2） （wear） colorful T﹣shirts and posing for photos，they gathered at Tian'anmen Square before taking their places at the starting line.
Nearly a decade ago，Chinese marathon（3） （organizer） struggled to fill the starting blocks.Now，at big events（4） the Beijing Marathon，runners must win a lottery（5） （enter）.
This is part of the world's running boom（热潮）.For millions of runners around the world，the real reason they head out to pound the roads until their legs hurt is more than weight（6） （lost） or fitness.
Chasing records like the three﹣hour mark，for example，is important，but it's not（7） people run mile after mile，up hills，in wind and rain，when they could just stay comfortable in their beds.Record times are merely the carrots they dangle（悬挂）in front of（8） （they）.
Last year，a runner in the United Kingdom trained with the goal of（9） （run）a marathon in less than three hours.In the end，he finished in three hours and two minutes.However，he was pleased afterward. "If I had done it，that would be it. " he told the Guardian. "Now I've still got my target，I can try again next year. "
（10） running is hard and requires effort，it also brings joy.Think about children.When they are excited，they can't stop running back and forth，up and down.
4．China is now fighting a war of a different kind.It's against（1） unseen enemy，which has been named COVID﹣19 by the WHO.Since its appearance at the end of December in Wuhan，the virus causing this disease（2） （spread）to other cities，infecting hundreds of thousands of people and （3） （lead） to over one thousand deaths.As yet，there is no vaccine（疫苗）to protect people against the virus and the only（4） （effect） way to fight it is to try to contain it.
The Chinese people should be praised because，for the most part，they've emulated（效仿）the Britons' "stiff upper lip" and refused to panic.They've stayed home as much（5） possible，worn protective masks and washed their hands frequently and（6） （thorough）.The government's response has also been calm.They've kept everyone（7） （inform）about what has been happening and they've sent thousands of （8） （doctor） and nurses to Hubei to treat those who have been infected.
This terrible virus hasn't been defeated and the fight against it may continue for several more months.However，it will eventually die out.It's hoped（9） when the crisis fades，China—and the world—will learn that cooperation and hope，not panic or criticism，is the best way（10） （face）a common threat.
5．To mourn Dr.Li Wenliang，our real hero
Dr.Li Wenliang，one of the eight "whistleblowers" who tried（1） （warn）fellow medics of （2） novel coronavirus when it emerged in Wuhan，died early on Friday.Wuhan Central Hospital（3） （confirm） in a statement released on（4） （it） official Weibo account."Our hospital's ophthalmologist，Li Wenliang，was （5） （fortunate） infected with COVID﹣19 during his work in the fight（6） the COVID﹣19 epidemic，" the statement read，（7） （add） "He died at 2：58 a.m.on February7 after attempts to resuscitate were unsuccessful."
"After emergency treatment，Li Wenliang passed away，" the Central Hospital of Wuhan announced on Weibo，China's version of Twitter."We deeply regret and mourn Li's（8） （die）."
Dr.Li is a hero，（9） will live in our hearts forever.May God bless all the courageous doctors and （10） （nurse） fighting on the front line.
6．（2021秋 工农区校级期末）I recently heard a story about a famous scientist．When he （1） （ask） why he was able to succeed，he gave the answer．It all came from an experience with （2） mother when he was about two years old． "I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell，spilling （溢出） the milk all over the floor﹣a sea of milk!I got（3） （frighten） and I didn't know what to do!" he said．
Instead of （4） （punish） him，his mother asked him to play in the milk for a while．Then she said， " You know，we failed in how to（5） （successful） carry a big milk bottle with two tiny（6） （hand） just now．Let's go out in the yard and fill the bottle（7） water to see if you can discover a way to carry it．"
This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he （8） （know） he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes（9） were actually opportunities for learning something new．Even if the experiment "doesn't work"，we usually learn something（10） （value） from it．
7．Florentijin Hofman turns to his children's toys （1） inspiration.Hofman's inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk（2） （tale），which is about a fish （3） （jump）through the "Dragon Gate".Tan Dun，who is（4） （wide）known for composing music for a famous film and the 2008 Beijing Olympics，（5） （think）"There is no territory in the world of music".Tan Dun combines Chinese music and sounds from all over the world（6） （tell）stories.Yang Liping has been known （7） "Peacock Princess"，winning a national（8） （compete）with her Spirit of the Peacock dance.She feels grateful for the years in Xishuangbanna.Her dance comes from the traditional （9） （believe） of Dai people and aims to bring（10） the beauty of Dai women.
8．Earlier this year，a three﹣year﹣old boy from Guangxi died after（1） （leave）in a car for several hours in the hot afternoon sun.（2） this was a horrible tragedy，it isn't a rare story across the world.
In the United States alone，at least 39 children（3） （die）in similar incidents so far this year，according to the figures published by independent organization NoHeatStroke.But could a high﹣tech device save a child （4） is locked in a car or help other people take the kid out before it's too late？
Three high school students at Guangdong Experimental High School may have the answer to this question.They made a device using a sensor（5） （monitor）both the temperature and level of carbon dioxide in a car，which also blows out cool air（6） the levels become too high.The invention，which ensures the safety of passengers in cars，helped them win the gold medal at the 2017 Invention & New Product Exposition，an invention show in the United States.
While the device（7） didn't sound very complex，it needed special skills to make it.Thanks to on﹣campus science and technology courses at their school，the students armed themselves with the knowledge（8） （need）to get the job done.They also spent their spare time（9） （research）on the Internet and using smart phone apps.
The team stood out not only because of the advanced technology they used，but because of the human interest side of their invention，they noticed some social problems，（10） （think）about them and tried to solve them.
9．China （1） （launch） a national cloud learning platform since Feb.3 and started broadcasting primary school classes （2） （make） sure the country's 180 million students can still keep learning even though schools are closed，according to state﹣run news agency Xinhua.A new school semester，（3） （schedule） to start today，has been postponed indefinitely as part of（4） （measure） to fight against COVID﹣19.China's authorities have encouraged people to stay at home to help reduce（5） （it） spread.
The approach differs by age.Primary school classes are being broadcast on one of China's state TV channels.Junior and senior high school students in China can use an online learning platform（6） has 169 lessons covering 12 subjects for the first week，based on the national curriculum.Teachers will keep（7） （update） the platform with new materials as needed.
The government has required the China's three（8） （big）telecom operators—China Mobile，China Unicom and China Telecom—plus tech companies like Huawei，Baidu and Alibaba to back up the platform（9） （ensure） up to 50 million students can use it at the same time.About 600，000 teachers have also been using a live streaming service called Dingtalk to conduct online classes，the company said，although it has（10） （apparent） not gone down so well with many students.
10．（2018 新课标Ⅰ）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years （1） （long） than non﹣runners．You don't have to run fast or for long （2） （see） the benefit．You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of （3） （die） early by running．
While running regularly can't make you live forever ，the review says it （4） （be） more effective at lengthening life （5） walking，cycling or swimming．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014（6） showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（7） （cause）．
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do．But otherwise …it's probably running．To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to （8） （strength） your leg muscles （肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes．Running is cheap，easy and it's always （9） （energy）．If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give （10） a try．
11．When someone has（1） （deep）hurt you，it can be very difficult to let go of your anger.But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly （2） （benefit）to your physical and mental health.So far，studies（3） （show）that people who forgive can have more energy，better appetite and better sleep."People who forgive show（4） （little）anger and more hopefulness，" says Dr Frederic Luskin，who wrote the book Forgive for Good."So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people（5） （feel）more energetic."
So when someone has hurt you，cool down first.Take a couple of breaths and think of something （6） gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，or someone you love.Don't wait for an （7） （apologize）."Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing，" says Dr Luskin."They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in the same way.So if you wait for people to say sorry，you could be waiting for a very long time."
Next keep（8） mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean（9） （accept）the action of the person who （10） （upset）you.Instead，learn to look for the love，beauty and kindness around you.Finally，try to see things from the other person's perspective.You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance.To gain perspective，you may want to write a letter to yourself from that person's point of view.
12．How do people climb the wall？（1） （climb），you need special shoes and a harness（保护带）（2） your chest to hold you.There are ropes tied to your harness.The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall.A（3） （begin） wall is usually about 15 feet high，and you climb straight up.
There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand（4） and hold on to.Sometimes it's easy to see the new piece of metal.Sometimes，it's not.The most difficult part is to control（5） fear.It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling，（6） it's difficult not to feel fear.But when you move away from the wall，the harness and the ropes will hold you，and you will feel safe.You（7） （move） slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people（8） it's good exercise for almost everyone.You use your whole body，especially your arms and legs.This sport gives your body a complete workout.When you climb，（9） your mind and your body can become （10） （strong）.
13．Stephen Curry is the son of Dell Curry，（1） is a famous basketball player.He spent his childhood years（2） （practise） in a small court（3） （build）by his grandfather and （4） （develop） his own playing style.When in high school，his teammates and coaches thought he was（5） thin and too short to follow in his father's footsteps.But he refused to give up and ended up（6） （play） in a small school.（7） （final） he joined Golden State Warriors and won his first NBA championship in 2015.He believed in（8） （him）and explained what others think of you does not influence（9） you become.He has shown that anything is possible through self﹣belief，hard work and （10） （perserve）.
14．（2025春 东坡区校级期末）A three﹣bedroom 3 D﹣printed farmhouse has been built in Wujiazhuang village，Zhangjiakou，（1） is the co﹣host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics.With ceilings and walls decorated by weave patterns，Zhao Xiujuan's house covers （2） area of 106 square meters.
When Xu Weiguo，a professor at Tsinghua University，came up with the idea of building a 3 D﹣printed farmhouse，there was an outpouring of concern from villagers，who（3） （wonder） whether it would be strong enough.However，Zhao shrugged off（4） her fellow villagers doubted and made the work go on.The construction（5） （complete） in two weeks，with only two people on each device.
China's 3 D printing technology has been（6） （wide） used in many fields. "This technology can not only save manpower and construction costs，but also increase（7） （efficient） and quality，" Xu said，adding that it can keep the design and construction of traditional houses while（8） （create） beautiful patterns. "There are still a large number of houses and infrastructure （基础设施）（9） （build） in China in the future，" Xu said. "Intelligent technologies can solve the labor shortage problem faced by the construction industry，freeing workers（10） their heavy labor."
15．（2024春 绿园区校级期末）Scientists at the University of Liverpool （UL）have developed a robot that can run experiments on its own.It's not new for labs to use robots.But earlier robots usually stayed in one place and （1） （do）one job over and over again.The UL robot is different.It's able to （2） （easy）move around in the same kind of space as humans do.It uses a special system called LiDAR to guide（3） （it）.With one long arm which can turn in almost any direction，the robot can use several different kinds of lab equipment and carry out（4） variety of tasks.
The scientists says it took a lot of work（5） （program）the robot so that it could do things without（6） （make）mistakes.Once the programming is done，though，the robot makes（7） （few）mistakes than a human.
To test their robot，the scientists gave it a task：find a material（8） was able to produce hydrogen（氢）from water.The robot was programmed to understand the basic methods for the experiment，but it（9） （give）10 different things it could change which could influence the results，That meant that the robot could choose from around 98 million different mini﹣experiments.Over the next 8 days，the robot ran 688 experiments，always choosing its next experiment based（10） the results of the last one.
期末培优 语法填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共15小题）
1．As I went through school，I came to understand that life was about （1） competition （compete）.The only thing that mattered was doing（2） better （well） than everyone else.I watched this cycle through the lives of my four older brothers.I watched them win（3） awards （award） time and time again and admired by teachers and adults alike.And I wanted all of that.But then I learned that I couldn't compete （4） with my brothers or others for that matter.I didn't enjoy math and science nearly as much as I enjoyed English literature.My stomach would often hurt（5） thinking （think）about the amount of time I'd have to put in studying and working to get ahead of everyone.Around the seventh grade，I decided that I didn't care about being a top student anymore.I just wanted to do （6） what brought me joy.I wanted to just read and write for days.
Then I watched my older brothers enter the workplace and not enjoy the career path they had chosen.That made my stomach hurt，too.At the same time，they were making a lot of money and were able （7） to afford （afford）expensive cars and go on trips that seemed enjoyable，but I decided that I'd not trade a job （8） that/which brought me joy for the cars and trips.
So I did just that.I （9） majored （major） in English in college with a concentration on creative fictions.For the past decade，I have had a career in a non﹣profit organization serving children in need.It has brought me great joy.There's not a daily drive to compete in the market place and be better than another organization so that we increase our profits.The drive is to serve another person with excellence.And the other unexpected aspects are that（10） while/though I have never made a lot of money，I have a car and have been fortunate to take some pretty amazing trips for work.
【答案】（1）competition（2）better（3）awards（4）with（5）thinking（6）what（7）to afford（8）that/which（9）majored（10）while/though
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者主要描述了自己在学习和工作方面没有和别人比较，坚持做让自己感到快乐的事情。
【解答】（1）competition.考查名词。句意：上学的过程中，我逐渐理解了生活就是竞争。分析句子可知，此处用名词作介词about的宾语，故填competition。
（2）better.考查比较级。句意：唯一重要的事情就是比别人做得好一点。根据由空后than以及句意可知应填形容词比较级，故填better。
（3）awards.考查名词。句意：我看着他们一次又一次获奖。award奖励，为可数名词，前面没有冠词，结合后面time and time again，可知用复数形式，故填awards。
（4）with.考查介词。句意：但是随后我懂了我不能为那件事与我的兄弟和其他人竞争。compete with sb.与某人竞争，故填with。
（5）thinking.考查现在分词。句意：想起为了领先所有人不得不投入到学习和工作中的时间，我的肚子就会疼。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，I与think之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填thinking。
（6）what.考查宾语从句。句意：我就想去做能给我带来快乐的事。分析句子可知，此处引导do后面的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"带给我快乐的事情"，故填what。
（7）to afford.考查动词不定式。句意：此同时，他们挣了很多钱，能够买得起昂贵的车，能够享受愉快的旅行，但是我坚决不拿带给我快乐的工作与豪车、旅行做交易。be able to do sth.为固定搭配。故填to afford。
（8）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：与此同时，他们挣了很多钱，能够买得起昂贵的车，能够享受愉快的旅行，但是我坚决不拿带给我快乐的工作与豪车、旅行做交易。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为job，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（9）majored.考查动词时态。句意：我在大学主修英语专业同时专注于创意小说。由语境可知作者在回忆过往，需用一般过去时，故填majored。
（10）while/though.考查让步状语从句。句意：而且其他出乎预料的方面是：虽然我从没有挣到很多钱，但是我也有了自己的车，而且因为工作能够进行一些相当令人惊喜的出行。由语境可知此处引导让步状语从句，表示"虽然"，故填while/though。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
2．（2019秋 文峰区校级月考）Household garbage sorting and recycling has become a hot topic in Shanghai because of China' s first compulsive garbage﹣separation law（1） that every household and institution shall classify waste into four （2） categories （category）．Those who fail to sort garbage may （3） be fined （fine） up to 200 yuan．
Previously，everything went into one bin，so this change has made many people very（4） worried （worry），who said they were struggling to master the details quickly．
Now thanks to the efforts of（5） a number of young programmers，discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo（6） or calling someone using your smartphone．
They have applied speech and image recognition technologies（7） to apps and other smartphone services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbage﹣separation rules．
Most of the apps and services，which（8） began （begin） springing up last month in app stores，on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay，allow users to type in the name of waste（9） to identify （identify） which category it belongs to．Many apps also use speech and image recognition to make the process much easier，but their creators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese（10） becoming （become） more accustomed to the rules．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】文章讲述了上海颁布强制性的垃圾分类法律，以及人们对此规定的应对措施．
【解答】1．that．考查连词，that引导同位语从句，解释说明法律的内容，故填that．
2．categories．考查名词，根据four可知使用名词复数，故填categories．
3．be fined．考查被动，根据may可知使用动词原形，被罚款，故填be fined．
4．worried．考查形容词，make sb+adj．：使某人怎么样，修饰人担心的，故填worried．
5．a．考查冠词，a number of：许多的，大量的，故填a．
6．or．考查连词，拍照片或者打电话，表示选择，故填or．
7．to．考查介词，apply…to：应用，使用，故填to．
8．began，考查动词，从句缺少谓语动词，根据last month可知使用一般过去时，故填began．
9．to identify．考查不定式，to do做目的状语，故填to identify．
10．becoming．考查非谓语，with：随着，复合结构中Chinese作宾语，与become是主动关系，使用现在分词作宾补，故填becoming．
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．
3．More than 30，000 runners selected from 160，000 applicants both in and out of China（1） took （take） part in this year's Beijing Marathon on Nov 3.
（2） Wearing （wear） colorful T﹣shirts and posing for photos，they gathered at Tian'anmen Square before taking their places at the starting line.
Nearly a decade ago，Chinese marathon（3） organizers （organizer） struggled to fill the starting blocks.Now，at big events（4） like the Beijing Marathon，runners must win a lottery（5） to enter （enter）.
This is part of the world's running boom（热潮）.For millions of runners around the world，the real reason they head out to pound the roads until their legs hurt is more than weight（6） loss （lost） or fitness.
Chasing records like the three﹣hour mark，for example，is important，but it's not（7） why people run mile after mile，up hills，in wind and rain，when they could just stay comfortable in their beds.Record times are merely the carrots they dangle（悬挂）in front of（8） themselves （they）.
Last year，a runner in the United Kingdom trained with the goal of（9） running （run）a marathon in less than three hours.In the end，he finished in three hours and two minutes.However，he was pleased afterward. "If I had done it，that would be it. " he told the Guardian. "Now I've still got my target，I can try again next year. "
（10） Although running is hard and requires effort，it also brings joy.Think about children.When they are excited，they can't stop running back and forth，up and down.
【答案】（1）took（2）Wearing（3）organizers（4）like（5）to enter（6）loss（7）why（8）themselves（9）running（10）Although
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述马拉松的流行。
【解答】（1）took.考查动词时态。句意：11月3日，从中国境内外16万名申请者中选出的3万多名运动员参加了今年的北京马拉松比赛。根据时间状语on Nov 3，可知此处用一般过去时，故填took。
（2）Wearing.考查现在分词。句意：他们身穿五颜六色的T恤衫，摆着姿势拍照，聚集在天安门广场，然后在起跑线上就位。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，they与wear之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Wearing。
（3）organizers.考查名词。句意：近十年前，中国马拉松组织者努力填补起跑障碍。organizer组织者，发起人，可数名词，中国马拉松发起者不能是一个人，所以此处要用复数形式，故填organizers。
（4）like.考查介词。句意：现在，像北京马拉松这样的大型赛事，赛跑选手必须赢得入场券才能参加。like像，介词，故填like。
（5）to enter.考查动词不定式。句意：现在，像北京马拉松这样的大型赛事，赛跑选手必须赢得入场券才能参加。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to enter。
（6）loss.考查名词。句意：对全世界数以百万计的赛跑选手来说，他们出去在路上跑直到腿受伤的真正原因不仅是减肥或者健康。or或者，其后的fitness是名词，所以此处也用名词，lost的名词形式是loss，故填loss。
（7）why.考查表语从句。句意：比如追踪三个小时的纪录是很重要的，这并不是人们本来可以在家里躺在舒适的床上，却在风雨交加的情况下，一英里又一英里地跑上山的原因。分析句子可知，此处引导表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，故填why。
（8）themselves.考查反身代词。句意：创纪录的时间不过是他们挂在自己面前晃来晃去的胡萝卜。结合句意可知，此处表示"他们自己"，故用反身代词，故填themselves。
（9）running.考查动名词。句意：去年，英国的一名跑步者接受了训练，目标是在三小时内跑完一场马拉松。分析句子可知，此处用动名词作介词of的宾语，故填running。
（10）Although.考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然跑步很辛苦，需要付出努力，但它也能带来快乐。根据句意，此处是一个让步状语从句，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Although。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
4．China is now fighting a war of a different kind.It's against（1） an unseen enemy，which has been named COVID﹣19 by the WHO.Since its appearance at the end of December in Wuhan，the virus causing this disease（2） has spread （spread）to other cities，infecting hundreds of thousands of people and （3） leading （lead） to over one thousand deaths.As yet，there is no vaccine（疫苗）to protect people against the virus and the only（4） effective （effect） way to fight it is to try to contain it.
The Chinese people should be praised because，for the most part，they've emulated（效仿）the Britons' "stiff upper lip" and refused to panic.They've stayed home as much（5） as possible，worn protective masks and washed their hands frequently and（6） thoroughly （thorough）.The government's response has also been calm.They've kept everyone（7） informed （inform）about what has been happening and they've sent thousands of （8） doctors （doctor） and nurses to Hubei to treat those who have been infected.
This terrible virus hasn't been defeated and the fight against it may continue for several more months.However，it will eventually die out.It's hoped（9） that when the crisis fades，China—and the world—will learn that cooperation and hope，not panic or criticism，is the best way（10） to face （face）a common threat.
【答案】（1）an（2）has spread（3）leading（4）effective（5）as（6）thoroughly（7）informed（8）doctors（9）that（10）to face
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了2019年底中国国内暴发了新型冠状病毒肺炎，全国人民都听从国家号召，待在家内并采取各种防护措施来抵抗病毒。与此同时，国家抽派最精干的医疗人员去支援湖北抗击病毒。人们坚信只要全国人民乃至全世界人们携起手来，最后一定能够把病毒彻底打败。
【解答】（1）an.考查冠词。句意：它是一个被WHO命名为2019冠状病毒疾病的看不见的敌人。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，unseen首字母发音为元音音素，故填an。
（2）has spread.考查动词时态。句意：自12月底在武汉出现以来，引起这种疾病的病毒已经传播到其他城市，感染了数十万人，导致了一千多人死亡。时间状语为Since its appearance at the end of December in Wuhan，句子用现在完成时，主语为the virus causing this disease，谓语动词用三单形式，故填has spread。
（3）leading.考查现在分词。句意：自12月底在武汉出现以来，引起这种疾病的病毒已经传播到其他城市，感染了数十万人，导致了一千多人死亡。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，前面一件事与lead之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填leading。
（4）effective.考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，还没有疫苗可以保护人们免受病毒的侵害，唯一有效的办法是设法控制它。分析句子可知，此处用形容词修饰名词way，故填effective。
（5）as.考查固定搭配。句意：他们尽可能多地呆在家里，戴上防护面具，频繁彻底地洗手。as much as possible表示尽可能地，故填as。
（6）thoroughly.考查副词。句意：他们尽可能多地呆在家里，戴上防护面具，频繁彻底地洗手。and 前后连接两个并列副词修饰动词wash作状语，故填thoroughly。
（7）informed.考查过去分词。句意：他们让每个人都知道发生了什么事，并派遣数千名医生和护士到湖北治疗感染者。keep sb.informed of/about sth.意思是告知某人某事，故填informed。
（8）doctors.考查名词。句意：他们让每个人都知道发生了什么事，并派遣数千名医生和护士到湖北治疗感染者。由空格前的thousands of可知应当用名词的复数形式，故填doctors。
（9）that.考查主语从句。句意：人们希望，当危机消退时，中国和世界将认识到，合作和希望，而不是恐慌或批评，是面对共同威胁的最佳方式。分析句子可知，此处it为形式主语，该空引导真正的主语从句，从句中不缺少成分和含义，故填that。
（10）to face.考查动词不定式。句意：人们希望，当危机消退时，中国和世界将认识到，合作和希望，而不是恐慌或批评，是面对共同威胁的最佳方式。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作定语修饰名词the best way，故填to face。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
5．To mourn Dr.Li Wenliang，our real hero
Dr.Li Wenliang，one of the eight "whistleblowers" who tried（1） to warn （warn）fellow medics of （2） the novel coronavirus when it emerged in Wuhan，died early on Friday.Wuhan Central Hospital（3） confirmed （confirm） in a statement released on（4） its （it） official Weibo account."Our hospital's ophthalmologist，Li Wenliang，was （5） unfortunately （fortunate） infected with COVID﹣19 during his work in the fight（6） against/with the COVID﹣19 epidemic，" the statement read，（7） adding （add） "He died at 2：58 a.m.on February7 after attempts to resuscitate were unsuccessful."
"After emergency treatment，Li Wenliang passed away，" the Central Hospital of Wuhan announced on Weibo，China's version of Twitter."We deeply regret and mourn Li's（8） death （die）."
Dr.Li is a hero，（9） who will live in our hearts forever.May God bless all the courageous doctors and （10） nurses （nurse） fighting on the front line.
【答案】（1）to warn（2）the（3）confirmed（4）its（5）unfortunately（6）against/with（7）adding（8）death（9）who（10）nurses
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了新型冠状病毒的第一吹哨人李文亮医生不幸感染新型冠状病毒肺炎，虽然经过竭力救治仍不幸去世，令人惋惜难过。
【解答】（1）to warn.考查动词不定式。句意：李文亮博士是星期五在武汉出现的八名"告密者"之一，他试图警告新型冠状病毒的医务人员。try to do 意为努力做某事，故填to warn。
（2）the.考查冠词。句意：李文亮博士是星期五在武汉出现的八名"告密者"之一，他试图警告新型冠状病毒的医务人员。这里表述的是专有名词新型冠状病毒，故应在novel coronavirus 前加the，故填the。
（3）confirmed.考查动词时态。句意：武汉中心医院在其官方微博上发布的一份声明中证实了这一点。李文亮的事件发生在过去，医院证实这个事件是过去的事情，故填confirmed。
（4）its.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：武汉中心医院在其官方微博上发布的一份声明中证实了这一点。修饰名词Weibo account，所以用it 的形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
（5）unfortunately.考查副词。句意："我们2019冠状病毒疾病2019冠状病毒疾病的治疗，在科威特﹣19流行病的斗争中，我们医院的眼科医生李文亮不幸感染了CVID﹣19，"声明写道，"他在2月5日凌晨2点58分在复苏后失败了。"修饰形容词infected，所以用fortunate的副词形式。从语境中得知此为不幸的事，故填unfortunately。
（6）against/with.考查介词。句意："我们2019冠状病毒疾病2019冠状病毒疾病的治疗，在科威特﹣19流行病的斗争中，我们医院的眼科医生李文亮不幸感染了CVID﹣19，"声明写道，"他在2月5日凌晨2点58分在复苏后失败了。"fight against/with 意为与……作斗争，故填against/with。
（7）adding.考查现在分词。句意："我们2019冠状病毒疾病2019冠状病毒疾病的治疗，在科威特﹣19流行病的斗争中，我们医院的眼科医生李文亮不幸感染了CVID﹣19，"声明写道，"他在2月5日凌晨2点58分在复苏后失败了。"分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，add 和the statement为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填adding。
（8）death.考查名词。句意：我们对李的去世深表遗憾和哀悼。分析句子可知，此处用名词作动词mourn的宾语，故填death。
（9）who.考查定语从句。句意：李医生是一位英雄，他将永远活在我们心中。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a hero，在从句中作主语，故填who。
（10）nurses.考查名词。句意：愿上帝保佑在前线战斗的所有勇敢的医生和护士。空前有all，故用名词的复数形式，故填nurses。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
6．（2021秋 工农区校级期末）I recently heard a story about a famous scientist．When he （1） was asked （ask） why he was able to succeed，he gave the answer．It all came from an experience with （2） his mother when he was about two years old． "I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell，spilling （溢出） the milk all over the floor﹣a sea of milk!I got（3） frightened （frighten） and I didn't know what to do!" he said．
Instead of （4） punishing （punish） him，his mother asked him to play in the milk for a while．Then she said， " You know，we failed in how to（5） successfully （successful） carry a big milk bottle with two tiny（6） hands （hand） just now．Let's go out in the yard and fill the bottle（7） with water to see if you can discover a way to carry it．"
This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he （8） knew （know） he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes（9） which/that were actually opportunities for learning something new．Even if the experiment "doesn't work"，we usually learn something（10） valuable （value） from it．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】科学家在犯了一次错误之后，妈妈的教育让他从中学到了东西，正是在那一刻，他知道他不必害怕犯错误，而这些错误实际上是学习新事物的机会，即使实验"不起作用"，我们通常也能从中学习到有价值的东西．所以这位科学家最后成功了．
【解答】1．was asked．考查被动．当这个科学家被问到他为什么能够成功，应该用被动语态，因为本文的叙述是过去时，所以填was asked．
2．his．考查代词．这里是指这个科学家的妈妈，所以用his．故填his．
3．frightened．考查形容词．此处用形容词做表语，frightened是形容词"感到害怕的"，所以填frightened．
4．punishing．考查非谓语．介词短语instead of后跟动名词，所以填punishing．
5．successfully．考查副词．此处用副词修饰动词carry，successfully是副词"成功地"，所以填successfully．
6．hands．考查名词．hand是可数名词，被two修饰，应该用复数形式，所以填hands．
7．with．考查固定短语．fill…with是固定短语"用…填充"，所以填with．
8．knew．考查时态．本文的叙述都是过去时，所以此处谓语动词也用过去时，故填knew．
9．which/that．考查定语从句．先行词是mistakes在定语从句中做主语，所以用which或者that引导，故填which/that．
10．valuable．考查形容词．此处是形容词在句中做后置定语，valuable是形容词"有价值的"，所以填valuable．
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．
7．Florentijin Hofman turns to his children's toys （1） for inspiration.Hofman's inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk（2） tales （tale），which is about a fish （3） jumping （jump）through the "Dragon Gate".Tan Dun，who is（4） widely （wide）known for composing music for a famous film and the 2008 Beijing Olympics，（5） thinks （think）"There is no territory in the world of music".Tan Dun combines Chinese music and sounds from all over the world（6） to tell （tell）stories.Yang Liping has been known （7） as "Peacock Princess"，winning a national（8） competition （compete）with her Spirit of the Peacock dance.She feels grateful for the years in Xishuangbanna.Her dance comes from the traditional （9） belief （believe） of Dai people and aims to bring（10） out the beauty of Dai women.
【答案】（1）for（2）tales（3）jumping（4）widely（5）thinks（6）to tell（7）as（8）competition（9）belief（10）out
【分析】本文以几位艺术家为例讲述了艺术无国界。
【解答】（1）for.考查介词。句意：Florentijin Hofman从他的儿童玩具中寻找灵感。turn to sb.for sth.为某事求助于某人，故填for。
（2）tales.考查名词。句意：霍夫曼的《浮鱼》灵感来自中国民间故事，是关于一条鱼跃过"龙门"的故事。tale为可数名词，所以用复数名词泛指，故填tales。
（3）jumping.考查动名词。句意：霍夫曼的《浮鱼》灵感来自中国民间故事，是关于一条鱼跃过"龙门"的故事。作介词的宾语，所以用动名词，故填jumping。
（4）widely.考查副词。句意：谭盾曾为一部著名电影和2008年北京奥运会作曲，他认为"音乐的世界是没有领土的"。修饰动词，所以用副词，表示抽象概念，故填widely。
（5）thinks.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：谭盾曾为一部著名电影和2008年北京奥运会作曲，他认为"音乐的世界是没有领土的"。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为专有名词Tan Dun，故填thinks。
（6）to tell.考查不定式。句意：谭盾将中国音乐和来自世界各地的声音结合在一起，讲述故事。不定式作目的状语，故填to tell。
（7）as.考查介词。句意：杨丽萍被称为"孔雀公主"，她的孔雀舞精神赢得了全国比赛。be known as被称之为，为固定搭配，故填as。
（8）competition.考查名词。句意：杨丽萍被称为"孔雀公主"，她的孔雀舞精神赢得了全国比赛。前面有不定冠词，所以用单数名词，故填competition。
（9）belief.考查名词。句意：她的舞蹈来源于傣族的传统信仰，旨在展现傣族女性的美丽。作介词的宾语，前面有形容词修饰，所以用名词，故填belief。
（10）out.考查动词短语。句意：她的舞蹈来源于傣族的传统信仰，旨在展现傣族女性的美丽。bring out展现，故填out。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
8．Earlier this year，a three﹣year﹣old boy from Guangxi died after（1） being left （leave）in a car for several hours in the hot afternoon sun.（2） Although this was a horrible tragedy，it isn't a rare story across the world.
In the United States alone，at least 39 children（3） have died （die）in similar incidents so far this year，according to the figures published by independent organization NoHeatStroke.But could a high﹣tech device save a child （4） who is locked in a car or help other people take the kid out before it's too late？
Three high school students at Guangdong Experimental High School may have the answer to this question.They made a device using a sensor（5） to monitor （monitor）both the temperature and level of carbon dioxide in a car，which also blows out cool air（6） when the levels become too high.The invention，which ensures the safety of passengers in cars，helped them win the gold medal at the 2017 Invention & New Product Exposition，an invention show in the United States.
While the device（7） itself didn't sound very complex，it needed special skills to make it.Thanks to on﹣campus science and technology courses at their school，the students armed themselves with the knowledge（8） needed （need）to get the job done.They also spent their spare time（9） researching （research）on the Internet and using smart phone apps.
The team stood out not only because of the advanced technology they used，but because of the human interest side of their invention，they noticed some social problems，（10） thought （think）about them and tried to solve them.
【答案】（1）being left （2）Although （3）have died （4）who （5）to monitor （6）when （7）itself （8）needed （9）researching （10 ）thought
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了广东实验中学的三名高中生发明"儿童车内安全系统"获世界大奖的故事，这一发明能保证车内乘客的安全。
【解答】（1）being left.考查动名词。句意：今年早些时候，一个来自广西的三岁男孩在炎热的午后阳光下被留在车里几个小时后死亡。介词after后要跟名词，动词要用其动名词形式，要填的动词这一动作的逻辑主语是：a three﹣year﹣old boy三岁的男孩，他是leave动作的接受者，要用被动态，be left，be在介词后为being，故填being left。
（2）Although.考查连词。句意：这种事情在全世界并不少见。这种事情是个可怕的悲剧。也就是说悲剧本来是要避免发生的，不叫它发生，而实际情况并不是这样，所以从句和主句之间的逻辑关系是让步，连词在句首，故填Although。
（3）have died.考查时态。句意：仅在美国，今年到目前为止，至少有39名儿童在类似事件中死亡。句子中时间状语so far是到目前为止的意思，表示的是段时间，另一个时间状语：this year表示和现在相关，所以要用现在完成时，die虽然是个瞬间动词，但这里强调的是存在的这种事情，更多的是强调的存在的事实，不是动作，所以要用完成时，故填have died。
（4）who.考查定语从句。句意：在车里的孩子，或者帮助其他人在为时已晚之前把孩子带出去？句中child是先行词，后面是限制性定语从句，定语从句缺少主语，指人的先行词用who，作定语从句的主语，故填who。
（5）to monitor.考查动词不定式。句意：但是，一个高科技设备能否拯救被锁他们制造了一个装置，使用传感器来监测（监视）汽车内的温度和二氧化碳水平。句中谓语动词made的宾语device后的成分是其定语，不是其补足语，修饰说明是一种什么device，定语中using后用不定式to do，作目的状语，故填to monitor。
（6）when.考查连词。句意：是它可以吹进冷空气，从句是车内温度和二氧化碳含量达到限定值时。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是device，在非限制性定语从句中，主从之间是有时间的先后顺序的，所以要用引导时间状语的连词，达到极值是一点，故填when。
（7）itself.考查代词。句意：虽然这个装置本身听起来并不复杂，但它需要特殊的技术来制造。主语the device是物，单数，用同位语来加强语气，放在它后面，所以要用表示单数物的反身代词，故填itself。
（8）needed.考查过去分词。句意：学生们用完成工作所需的知识武装自己。非谓语动词作定语修饰knowledge，它是后面动词need的接受者，所以要用V﹣ed形式，故填needed。
（9）researching.考查动名词。句意：他们还利用业余时间在网上搜索信息，使用智能手机应用程序。spend time （in） doing sth.是固定搭配，所以spend后动词要用V﹣ing形式，故填researching。
（10）thought.考查时态。句意：他们注意到一些社会问题，思考这些问题，并试图解决这些问题。在句中三个动词并列：notice，think和try，前、后两个动词用的都是一般过去式，谈论的是发生过的事情，所以中间的动词也要用一般过去式，故填thought。
【点评】此题要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量、扎实的句型和语法知识，还要去学生有较好的阅读能力，能灵活运用所学知识去分析语篇。简单地说，该题型的考查范围极广，不仅包括词汇和语法的掌握，还考查学生的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力，以及情境语感。
9．China （1） has launched （launch） a national cloud learning platform since Feb.3 and started broadcasting primary school classes （2） to make （make） sure the country's 180 million students can still keep learning even though schools are closed，according to state﹣run news agency Xinhua.A new school semester，（3） scheduled （schedule） to start today，has been postponed indefinitely as part of（4） measures （measure） to fight against COVID﹣19.China's authorities have encouraged people to stay at home to help reduce（5） its （it） spread.
The approach differs by age.Primary school classes are being broadcast on one of China's state TV channels.Junior and senior high school students in China can use an online learning platform（6） which/that has 169 lessons covering 12 subjects for the first week，based on the national curriculum.Teachers will keep（7） updating （update） the platform with new materials as needed.
The government has required the China's three（8） biggest （big）telecom operators—China Mobile，China Unicom and China Telecom—plus tech companies like Huawei，Baidu and Alibaba to back up the platform（9） ensuring （ensure） up to 50 million students can use it at the same time.About 600，000 teachers have also been using a live streaming service called Dingtalk to conduct online classes，the company said，although it has（10） apparently （apparent） not gone down so well with many students.
【答案】（1）has launched（2）to make（3）scheduled（4）measures（5）its（6）which/that（7）updating（8）biggest（9）ensuring（10）apparently
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述一场突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎席卷全中国，学生无法正常到校学习。政府采取措施让学生在家通过网络上课学习。
【解答】（1）has launched.考查动词时态。句意：据官方通讯社新华社报道，中国从2月3日起启动了国家云学习平台，并开始广播小学课程，以确保全国1.8亿学生在学校关闭的情况下仍能继续学习。时间状语为since Feb.3，句子用现在完成时，主语为China，谓语动词用三单形式，故填has launched。
（2）to make.考查动词不定式。句意：据官方通讯社新华社报道，中国从2月3日起启动了国家云学习平台，并开始广播小学课程，以确保全国1.8亿学生在学校关闭的情况下仍能继续学习。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to make。
（3）scheduled.考查过去分词。句意：新学期开始，2019冠状病毒疾病被无限期推迟，作为对抗COVID﹣19的措施之一。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，semester与schedule之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填scheduled。
（4）measures.考查名词。句意：新学期开始，2019冠状病毒疾病被无限期推迟，作为对抗COVID﹣19的措施之一。结合句意可知，此处表示复数含义，故填measures。
（5）its.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：中国当局鼓励人们呆在家里以帮助减少其传播。后面是名词，所以只能用形容词性物主代词its修饰，意思是减少它的传播，故填its。
（6）which/that.考查定语从句。句意：中国的初中生和高中生可以使用一个在线学习平台，根据国家课程，该平台第一周有169节课，涵盖12个科目。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为platform，在从句中作主语，故太难which/that。
（7）updating.考查动名词。句意：教师将根据需要不断更新平台的新材料。keep doing表示"不断做某事"符合句意，故填updating。
（8）biggest.考查最高级。句意：政府已要求中国三大电信运营商中国移动、中国联通和中国电信加华为、百度和阿里巴巴等科技公司对该平台进行备份，以确保多达5000万学生可以同时使用该平台。前面有the，意思是中国最大的三家电信运营商，故用最高级，故填biggest。
（9）ensuring.考查现在分词。句意：政府已要求中国三大电信运营商中国移动、中国联通和中国电信加华为、百度和阿里巴巴等科技公司对该平台进行备份，以确保多达5000万学生可以同时使用该平台。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，因platform 和ensure在逻辑上是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，故填ensuring。
（10）apparently.考查副词。句意：该公司表示，大约60万名教师也一直在使用名为Dingtalk的流媒体直播服务进行在线授课，尽管这项服务显然没有受到很多学生的欢迎。分析句子可知，此处用副词修饰动词has，故填apparently。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
10．（2018 新课标Ⅰ）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years （1） longer （long） than non﹣runners．You don't have to run fast or for long （2） to see （see） the benefit．You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of （3） dying （die） early by running．
While running regularly can't make you live forever ，the review says it （4） is （be） more effective at lengthening life （5） than walking，cycling or swimming．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014（6） that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（7） causes （cause）．
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do．But otherwise …it's probably running．To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to （8） strengthen （strength） your leg muscles （肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes．Running is cheap，easy and it's always （9） energetic （energy）．If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give （10） it/running a try．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文讲述跑步的好处：根据医学杂志上的一项证据，跑步者比不跑步的人多活三年．每天只要跑5到10分钟，就能降低罹患心脏病和各种原因导致的早亡风险．跑步既便宜又容易，而且总是充满活力．
【解答】1．longer，考查比较级，后面有than，所以用比较级．
2．to see，考查不定式，作目的状语，所以用不定式．
3．dying，考查动名词，介词of后跟动名词作宾语．
4．is，考查主谓一致，主语为it，所以用第三人称单数谓语．
5．than，考查固定搭配，前面有比较级more effective，所以用than．
6．that/which，考查定语从句，先行词为study，在定语从句中作主语，所以用which或that引导．
7．causes，考查名词的数，cause"原因"，为可数名词，前面有all，所以用复数．
8．strengthen，考查动词，作目的状语，用不定式，前面有to，所以用动词原形．
9．energetic，考查形容词，作表语，所以用形容词．
10．it/running，考查名词或代词，指代前面提到的running，可以用running，作宾语，也可以用it．
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．
11．When someone has（1） deeply （deep）hurt you，it can be very difficult to let go of your anger.But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly （2） beneficial （benefit）to your physical and mental health.So far，studies（3） have shown （show）that people who forgive can have more energy，better appetite and better sleep."People who forgive show（4） less （little）anger and more hopefulness，" says Dr Frederic Luskin，who wrote the book Forgive for Good."So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people（5） to feel （feel）more energetic."
So when someone has hurt you，cool down first.Take a couple of breaths and think of something （6） that gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，or someone you love.Don't wait for an （7） apology （apologize）."Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing，" says Dr Luskin."They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things in the same way.So if you wait for people to say sorry，you could be waiting for a very long time."
Next keep（8） in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean（9） accepting （accept）the action of the person who （10） upset （upset）you.Instead，learn to look for the love，beauty and kindness around you.Finally，try to see things from the other person's perspective.You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance.To gain perspective，you may want to write a letter to yourself from that person's point of view.
【答案】（1）deeply（2）beneficial（3）has shown（4）less（5）to feel（6）that（7）apology（8）in（9）accepting（10）upset
【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了当被别人伤害后，应该怎么做的问题。
【解答】（1）deeply.考查副词。句意：当有人深深地伤害了你，你很难释怀你的愤怒。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填deeply.
（2）beneficial.考查形容词。句意：但是宽恕是有可能的，它会对你的身心健康带来意想不到的好处。此处作表语，应使用形容词beneficial"有益的"，be beneficial to"对……有益"。故填beneficial.
（3）has shown.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，原谅别人的人可以有更多的精力，更好的食欲和更好的睡眠模式。句中时间状语的so far，所以用现在完成时态，主语为不可数名词，故填has shown.
（4）less.考查比较级。句意：宽恕的人表现出更少的愤怒和更多的希望。根据后面的"more hopefulness"可知用little的比较级，故填less.
（5）to feel.考查不定式。句意：因此，它可以帮助减少对我们系统的磨损，让人们感觉更有活力。allow sb to do sth，允许某人做某事，所以用不定式，故填to feel.
（6）that.考查定语从句。句意：呼吸几下，想想能给你带来快乐的东西：句中含有定语从句，先行词是"something"，从句中缺少主语，故填that.
（7）apology.考查名词的数。句意：不要等道歉。前面有冠词an，所以后面应该用单数名词形式．故填apology.
（8）in.考查介词。句意：其次，请记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受那个让你心烦的人的行为。固定短语：keep…in mind"记住……"。故填in.
（9）accepting.考查动名词。句意：其次，请记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受那个让你心烦的人的行为。mean doing sth，意思是"意味着做某事"。故填accepting.
（10）upset.考查形容词。句意：其次，请记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受那个让你心烦的人的行为。此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是the person，关系词在从句中作主语，谓语动词应与先行词保持主谓一致，upset这一动作已发生，应使用一般过去时。故填upsets.
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
12．How do people climb the wall？（1） To climb （climb），you need special shoes and a harness（保护带）（2） around your chest to hold you.There are ropes tied to your harness.The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall.A（3） beginner's （begin） wall is usually about 15 feet high，and you climb straight up.
There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand（4） on and hold on to.Sometimes it's easy to see the new piece of metal.Sometimes，it's not.The most difficult part is to control（5） your fear.It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling，（6） so it's difficult not to feel fear.But when you move away from the wall，the harness and the ropes will hold you，and you will feel safe.You（7） move （move） slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people（8） because it's good exercise for almost everyone.You use your whole body，especially your arms and legs.This sport gives your body a complete workout.When you climb，（9） both your mind and your body can become （10） stronger （strong）.
【答案】（1）To climb（2）around（3）beginner's（4）on（5）your（6）so（7）move（8）because（9）both（10）stronger
【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了攀爬运动需要的条件及对人们的好处。
【解答】（1）To climb.考查不定式。句意：为了攀爬，你需要特殊的鞋子和绑在胸前的安全带。此处表目的，应使用动词不定式。意为"为了攀爬，你需要……"。故填To climb。
（2）around.考查介词。句意：为了攀爬，你需要特殊的鞋子和绑在胸前的安全带。根据常识，就是将保护带环绕（around）胸部捆紧。故填around。
（3）beginner's.考查名词所有格。句意：初学者的墙通常有15英尺高，你可以直接爬上去。在冠词与名词之间缺定语，由begin可想到是指"初学者的"墙。故填beginner's。
（4）on.考查介词。句意：有一些突出的金属小块，你可以站在上面抓着。句中that引导的是定语从句，并代表the metal，在句中做主语；不定式与主语在逻辑上有动宾关系，即stand ______ the metal，不难想到是"踩在金属上面"。句意：有一些小金属条伸出来供你脚踩或供手抓。故填on。
（5）your.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：最困难的部分是控制你的恐惧。由前面的for you to和后面的your arms等可知，本文用you，your等来泛指攀登的人，在名词fear前作定语，用your。故填your。
（6）so.考查连词。句意：人类害怕摔倒是很正常的，所以很难不感到害怕。前句表示原因，此句表示结果，引出结果分句用so。故填so。
（7）move.考查时态。句意：你慢慢地移动，直到到达山顶。全文都是用一般现在时来说明的。故填move。
（8）because.考查连词。句意：攀岩吸引了很多人，因为它几乎对每个人都是很好的锻炼。前句是结果，后句是原因，引导原因状语从句用because。故填because。
（9）both.考查固定搭配。句意：当你攀登时，你的思想和身体都会变得更强壮。固定搭配：both...and..."两者都……"，此处指精神和身体两方面。故填both。
（10）stronger.考查比较级。句意：当你攀登时，你的思想和身体都会变得更强壮。根据语境，此处指"变得比原来更加强壮"，含比较意思。故填stronger。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
13．Stephen Curry is the son of Dell Curry，（1） who is a famous basketball player.He spent his childhood years（2） practising （practise） in a small court（3） built （build）by his grandfather and （4） developed （develop） his own playing style.When in high school，his teammates and coaches thought he was（5） too thin and too short to follow in his father's footsteps.But he refused to give up and ended up（6） playing （play） in a small school.（7） Finally （final） he joined Golden State Warriors and won his first NBA championship in 2015.He believed in（8） himself （him）and explained what others think of you does not influence（9） what you become.He has shown that anything is possible through self﹣belief，hard work and （10） perseverance （perserve）.
【答案】（1）who （2）practising （3）built （4）developed （5）too （6）playing （7）Finally （8）himself （9）what （10）perseverance
【分析】本文讲述了Stephen Curry 童年时拒绝放弃，最终在一所小学校打球，最后他加入了金州勇士队，并在2015年赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军。他相信自己，并解释了别人对你的看法不会影响你成为什么，他已经通过自信、努力和毅力证明任何事情都是可能的。
【解答】（1）who.考查定语从句。句意：斯蒂芬 库里是戴尔 库里的儿子，戴尔 库里是一位著名的篮球运动员。这是一个定语从句，先行词Dell Curry指人，在从句做主语，关系代词用who，故填who。
（2）practising.考查固定搭配。句意：他童年时在祖父建造的一个小球场上练习，发展了自己的球风。考查固定搭配。"spend......doing sth"花时间做某事，固定搭配，故填practising。
（3）built.考查过去分词。句意：他童年时在祖父建造的一个小球场上练习，发展了自己的球风。考查过去分词。 （build）by his grandfather 作定语修饰court，表示被动关系，故填built。
（4）developed.考查动词过去式。句意：他童年时在祖父建造的一个小球场上练习，发展了自己的球风。横线部分与spent 并列，表示过去，应用过去时态，故填developed。
（5）too.考查固定短语。句意：高中时，他的队友和教练都认为太瘦太矮，无法追随父亲的脚步。"too......to "太......而不能，固定短语，故填too。
（6）playing.考查固定短语。句意：但他拒绝放弃，最终在一所小学校打球。"end up doing sth"以做某事而告终，固定短语，故填playing。
（7）Finally.考查副词。句意：最后他加入了金州勇士队，并在2015年赢得了他的第一个NBA总冠军。修饰动词joined用final的副词，故填Finally。
（8）himself.考查代词。句意：他相信自己，并解释了别人对你的看法不会影响你会成为什么。根据句意可知，他相信他自己，应用him的反身代词，故填himself。
（9）what.考查引导词。句意：他已经通过自信、努力和毅力证明任何事情都是可能的。这是一个宾语从句，引导词what作become的宾语，故填what。
（10）perseverance.考查名词。句意：他已经通过自信、努力和毅力证明任何事情都是可能的。self﹣belief，hard work 和横线部分是并列关系，应用preserve的名词，故填perseverance。
【点评】做语法填空时，用所学的词法，句法及语法基础知识填空，这就需要我们在平时学习的过程中扎牢词法，句法及语法基础知识。
14．（2025春 东坡区校级期末）A three﹣bedroom 3 D﹣printed farmhouse has been built in Wujiazhuang village，Zhangjiakou，（1） which is the co﹣host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics.With ceilings and walls decorated by weave patterns，Zhao Xiujuan's house covers （2） an area of 106 square meters.
When Xu Weiguo，a professor at Tsinghua University，came up with the idea of building a 3 D﹣printed farmhouse，there was an outpouring of concern from villagers，who（3） wondered （wonder） whether it would be strong enough.However，Zhao shrugged off（4） what her fellow villagers doubted and made the work go on.The construction（5） was completed （complete） in two weeks，with only two people on each device.
China's 3 D printing technology has been（6） widely （wide） used in many fields. "This technology can not only save manpower and construction costs，but also increase（7） efficiency （efficient） and quality，" Xu said，adding that it can keep the design and construction of traditional houses while（8） creating （create） beautiful patterns. "There are still a large number of houses and infrastructure （基础设施）（9） to be built （build） in China in the future，" Xu said. "Intelligent technologies can solve the labor shortage problem faced by the construction industry，freeing workers（10） from their heavy labor."
【答案】（1）which（2）an（3）wondered（4）what（5）was completed（6）widely（7）efficiency（8）creating（9）to be built（10）from
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍河北省张家口市吴家庄村建成的一座3 D打印三居室房屋，引出了3 D打印技术应用于建筑领域的优点。
【解答】（1）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一个三个卧室的3 D打印的农舍已经在张家口市武家庄村建造了，那里是2022冬奥会的共同举办城市。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Zhangjiakou，因为先行词是一座城市，指物在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（2）an.考查冠词。句意：赵秀娟的房子占地106平方米，天花板和墙壁都用编织图案装饰。该处意为房子的面积为106平方米，area是以元音开头的单词，故填an。
（3）wondered.考查动词时态。句意：有来自村民们的如潮的担心，他们想知道打印的房子是否足够坚固。通读第三段可知，该段都在讲述过去的事情，所以空处应该用一般过去时态，故填wondered。
（4）what.考查连词。句意：然而，赵对其他村民担心的事情不予理会，使这项工作继续进行。分析句子结构可知，"her fellow villagers"是一个宾语从句，作shrugged off的宾语；空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，说明村民们担心的是什么，故填what。
（5）was completed.考查动词时态、语态、主谓一致。句意：房屋建设仅耗时两周就完成了。首先，这里介绍的是过去发生的事情，故应该用一般过去时，其次，主语The construction和谓语动词complete（完成）是被动关系，且主语是单数
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