期末培优 阅读理解专项练习（含答案与解析）2025-2026学年高二上学期英语人教版(2019)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
期末培优 阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2024秋 台山市校级期末）For centuries，mankind and dogs have suffered from a communication failure．We can tell dogs what we want them to do and sometimes they comply，but we've always struggled when it comes to understanding the true meaning of their barks and whimpers．There is exciting news now ﹣ a dog translator has been invented to help you communicate with your furry friend．
Researchers at North Carolina State University have fashioned some kind of miracle dog translator body harness（束腰带）．What's special about it is that it doesn't just rely on the dog's vocalizations to interpret what Fido is banging on about．
Oh no ﹣ this miracle harness reads and interprets the ordinary dogs' body language as well，giving us a full two﹣way dog communication experience．
Researcher David Roberts says： "Dogs communicate primarily through body language，and one of our challenges was to develop sensors that tell us about their behavior by observing their posture remotely．"
Sensors on the harness monitor the dog's heart rate and body temperature and software builds up a vocabulary，letting the human know what the dog is feeling．
What would dogs say if they could talk to us？The human can even communicate back through the harness thanks to vibration motors，supposedly by tapping into the dog's senses so that it can understand what you're trying to say to it．
The dog harness is designed for dogs involved in search and rescue and other front﹣line work，but it's got us dreaming of a beautiful future，one where humans and dogs can co﹣exist as equals，with the dog able to fully express itself at all times．
（1）Why can't people communicate with dogs？　 　
A．They have difficulty understanding dogs' barks and whimpers．
B．They have no idea about dogs' behavior in relation to their posture．
C．They don't know how to tell dogs what they want them to do．
D．They don't have a machine to translate the dogs' language．
（2）What does the underlined word most probably mean in paragraph two？　 　
A．Bought．
B．Researched．
C．Influenced．
D．Made．
（3）For what purpose is the dog harness designed？　 　
A．It is designed for dogs to understand what people are trying to say to them．
B．It is designed for dogs to communicate with people through body language．
C．It is designed to monitor the dog's heart rate and body temperature．
D．It is designed for dogs doing search and rescue and other front﹣line work．
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the possible human﹣dog communication？　 　
A．Shocked．
B．Excited．
C．Embarrassed．
D．Annoyed．
2．（2024秋 定陶区校级月考）Body language is the quietest，most secret and most powerful language of all.It is said that our body movements communicate about 50% of what we really mean while words themselves only do 7%.So while your mouth is closed，just it is your body language that is saying.
When it comes to body language at the office，you may be making some big mistakes that could cause you trouble.The following are some tips on what you should not do when using body language at your office.
Don't touch your co﹣workers，even if it's on the back of the arm or shoulder.Many of your co﹣workers are not comfortable with any body contact （接触） with others.Be careful not to touch anyone at your office.
Don't avoid eye contact.Eyes can speak.Lack of eye contact means cheat，and it can also point to no safety or lack of confidence.Trust and confidence are things you will communicate to the other person if you hold eye contact 50% of the time.
Don't have a bad handshake.You're going to show your kindness at once with a firm palm （手掌） to palm handshake.Showing the palms of your hands is an amiable gesture as it shows that you have a peaceful purpose.It means acceptance，and that you've open to new ideas.Be careful of the dead fish handshake.
Don't lean （倾斜） your head while listening to others.When listening to others，you should listen to him or her carefully with your head straight.For women especially，you think you are expressing interest by leaning your head when you are listening to others，but you actually come across as if you don't understand what's going on.
（1）What can we learn from the first paragraph？ 　 　
A．The importance of body language.
B．The development of body language.
C．The best way to communicate with others.
D．How to avoid making mistakes at the office.
（2）What can the underlined word "amiable" in Paragraph 5 be replaced with？ 　 　
A．Common.
B．Polite.
C．Friendly.
D．strange
（3）What can it be known from the passage？ 　 　
A．The stronger you shake hands with others the better.
B．Leaning your head when listening expresses interest.
C．Leaning back and forward shows you are thoughtful.
D．Eye contact is very important in communication.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A．Pay Attention to Your Body Language at the Office
B．How to Get Along With Your Co﹣workers
C．The Meaning of Body Language You Should Know
D．Different Countries Have Different Body Language
3．（2024秋 万州区校级期中）The British are known for their sense of humour.However，it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes.The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.
Understatement means saying less than you think or feel.For example，if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain，he might say. "It's a little damp（潮湿的）outside." Or，if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person，someone else might say， "She isn't exactly friendly." Understatement is often used in unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly.Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidentally falls over in the street.They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society.They like to make jokes about their accents，the way they dress and the way they behave.What's more，the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society.The comedy series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humour.Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990.
Mr Bean doesn't talk often，and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh.Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do.Mr Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour.Because of this，many people have become familiar with the British sense of humour.
（1）Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes？ 　 　
A．The British often enlarge the fad.
B．British jokes are connected with many different cultures.
C．The British try to make out that something is less important than it is.
D．British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.
（2）How does the author explain understatement？ 　 　
A．By using examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By describing a process.
（3）How does Mr Bean make people laugh？ 　 　
A．By telling funny stories.
B．By making jokes about others' accents.
C．By copying how others behave.
D．By using his body movements and facial expressions.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？ 　 　
A．British Humour in Comedy
B．Humour in Different Cultures
C．Developing Your Sense of Humour
D．Understanding British Humour
4．（2024秋 四平期中）Body language plays a big role in communication as it gives us messages about the other person that we can understand nonverbally，just basing the understanding on our feeling.There are four types of body language to be aware of.
Eye contact is one of the most direct and powerful facial expressions.Eyes are always talking.The use of eye contact varies significantly from culture to culture.In some regions，direct eye contact is often considered a sign of trustworthiness.So，if you're in America，you should know soft，attentive eye contact would convey honesty.However，a hard，unblinking stare will send a very different message，similar to the meaning of direct eye contact in some regions.
Gestures can be used to emphasize certain meanings.Pressing fingers together to form steeple（尖塔）shows interest and determination.Touching the nose or rubbing eyes indicates discomfort.A hand on the back of the neck may indicate you are not interested in a conversation.
Body posture can be positive or negative A firm handshake will give the impression of honesty.Folding arms across your chest is protective.People with arms folded，legs crossed and bodies turning away reject messages.A head held straight up signals a neutral（中立的）attitude.A head sidewards indicates interest.A head down is negative.
The position of speakers and listeners face﹣to﹣face，side﹣by﹣side or back﹣to﹣back，can send powerful messages.In a group，when the leader faces the group and turns toward the one who is speaking，this conveys strong attention When two people are communicating，competitors more possibly sit facing each other while partners sit side﹣by﹣side.
（1）Which of the following body language can mean or express honesty？ 　 　
A．A head sidewards or touching the nose.
B．Attentive eye contact or a firm handshake.
C．A firm handshake or folded arms across one's chest.
D．Attentive eye contact or folded arms across one's chest.
（2）Which kind of gestures shows your discomfort in the conversation？ 　 　
A．Touching the nose or rubbing eyes.
B．Folding arms across your chest.
C．Putting a hand on the back of the neck.
D．Pressing fingers together to form a steeple.
（3）Which of the following best explains the underlined word "reject" in Paragraph 4？ 　 　
A．Feel down.
B．Care for.
C．Turn down.
D．Agree with.
（4）Which type of body language do the examples in Paragraph 5 belong to？ 　 　
A．Facial expressions.
B．Gestures.
C．Body posture.
D．Space relationships.
5．（2024秋 青羊区校级月考）Smile!It makes everyone in the room feel better because they，consciously or unconsciously，are smiling with you．Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry（模仿） allows us to empathize（产生共鸣）with and even experience other people's feelings．If we can't mirror another person's face，it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions．A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences．
In their paper，Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood，social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin，describe how people in social situations copy others' facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves．For example，if you're with a friend who looks sad，you might "try on" that sad face yourself without realizing you're doing so．In "trying on" your friend's expression，it helps you to recognize what they're feeling by associating it with times in the past when you made that expression．Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds．
"You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you generate some sort of recognition judgment，and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action﹣you approach the person or you avoid the person，" Niedenthal says． "Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means．"
A person's ability to recognize and "share" others' emotions can be prevented when they can't mimic faces．This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases，like facial paralysis（瘫痪） from a stroke，or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery．Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth，because if you've never had the ability to mimic facial expressions，you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions．
People with social disorders associated with mimicry or emotion﹣recognition damage，like autism（自闭症），can experience similar challenges． "There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact，" Niedenthal says．
Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition．A better understanding of that part，she says，will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders．
（1）According to the passage，facial mimicry helps 　 　 ．
A．experience one's own feelings clearly
B．change others' emotions quickly
C．respond to others' expressions properly
D．develop friendship with others easily
（2）We can know from Paragraph 4 and 5 that 　 　 ．
A．people with motor diseases may also suffer from autism
B．people born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotions
C．people with social disorders can't have eye contact with others
D．people receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in mimicking faces
（3）According to Niedenthal，the next step of the study will focus on 　 　 ．
A．how we can treat brain disorders
B．what can be done to regain facial mimicry
C．how our brain helps us with emotional mirroring
D．what part of our brain helps recognize facial expression
（4）The passage is written to 　 　 ．
A．discuss how people react positively to others' smiles
B．draw people's attention to those with social disorders
C．introduce a new trend in facial expression recognition
D．explain how emotional mirroring affects people's empathy
6．The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（间隙） with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied（暗示） is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care﹣givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing（治愈）value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
（1）What does the author say about silence in conversations？ 　 　
A．It implies anger.
B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culture﹣specific.
D．It is content﹣based.
（2）Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？ 　 　
A．The Chinese.
B．The French.
C．The Mexicans.
D．The Russians.
（3）What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？ 　 　
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
（4）What may be the best title for the text？ 　 　
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold
7．In England recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited.About five minutes later，the bus they wanted came along.They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them.People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way.Someone shouted at them.The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about.The three foreigners seemed all at sea and looked embarrassed.No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.
Learning the language of a country isn't enough.If you want to have a pleasant visit，find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country.You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own.A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table.The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself.Also in India，you might see a man shaking his head to show that he doesn't agree.But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement.Nodding your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty.
（1）The British people tried to push the three gentlemen out of the way，because the gentlemen 　 　 .
A．were foreigners
B．didn't have tickets
C．made a loud noise
D．didn't line up for the bus
（2）According to the article，if you want to have a pleasant journey in a foreign country，you should 　 　 .
A．learn the language of the country
B．understand the manners and customs of the country
C．have enough time and money
D．make friends with the people there
（3）What does the underlined phrase "at sea" probably mean？ 　 　
A．Tired.
B．Disappointed.
C．Pleased.
D．Confused.
（4）In India it is considered impolite to 　 　 .
A．use the right hand for passing food at table
B．pass food with the left hand
C．eat food with your hands
D．help yourself at table
8．A facial recognition app，recently developed by scientists，will make it easier to identify（辨认）pandas.
Wan Yongqing，a Beijing photographer，visits Sichuan Province to take photos of pandas every other year.He has watched them for more than a decade. "My friends say I'm a big panda fan.It is a shame that I find all pandas look the same，with black eyes and white fur.It does not matter as all the pandas are cute to me，" he said.
Yet，identifying one panda from another does mater to researchers，according to Zhang Zhihe，chief of the Chengdu panda research base."Identifying individual pandas is important for conservation（保护）management and research.For captive（圈养的）pandas，it is important for their daily feeding schedules，family background and data management.For wild pandas，it helps researchers study their population structure and provides scientific support for their protection and management，" he said.
China has carried out four scientific surveys on wild pandas，and now has a big databank about them.The number of wild pandas in China is mostly known.However，it is still difficult to determine the age，sex，health and other specific information about the population.
"It is difficult to track and watch the stucture because wild pandastend to live alone，dep in the mountains，and their living environment is vast，" Zhang added.
In 2017，the Chengdu base began researchingindividual panda identification technology by analyzing images.Over the past two years，they have built a databank of more than 120，000 images，over 10，000 video clips，and completed organizing nearly 10，000 images.
Using the databank，researchers have started a facial recognition app that can accurately recognize captive pandas by analyzing and comparing the unique features of panda faces.
Panda researchers hope the data and AI technology will help them analyze data for both captive and wild pandas.
（1）How does Wan Yongqing feel about the pandas？ 　 　
A．They are boring to him.
B．They seem atractive to him.
C．They are easy to recognize.
D．They look different to him.
（2）Why is it important to identify individual captive pandas？ 　 　
A．It is helpful for further research and data management.
B．It is useful for studying their population structure.
C．It provides proof that they need protection in the wild.
D．It helps researchers build up their living environment.
（3）What makes it difficult to track and watch wild pandas？ 　 　
A．They only live in a small area.
B．They don't leave enough tracks.
C．They are difficult to see in the forest.
D．They live alone deep in the mountains.
（4）What is necessary for the facial recognition app to work well？ 　 　
A．The databank of pandas.
B．The structure of pandas.
C．The invention of AI technology.
D．The unique features of panda faces.
9．The journey of a hi﹣tech message in a bottle has revealed the damage of plastic pollution﹣as it was tracked more than 1，700 miles in a few months.
British researchers put GPS and satellite tags in 25 plastic bottles，and left them to drift（漂流）in the river Ganges and Bay of Bengal in India.Using mobile phone and satellite networks，the team tracked the containers across the sea﹣with one crossing 1，768 miles in just 94 days.
They hope the tech could be a "powerful tool" for raising awareness and changing behaviour."Our message in a bottle tag shows how far and how fast plastic pollution can move，" said lead author Dr Emily Duncan，of the University of Exeter."This is a truly global issue，as a piece of plastic dropped in a river or ocean could soon be washed up on the other side of the world，" she said."Bottles in the Ganges moved in stages and got stuck﹣but once at sea covered greater distances，following coastal currents before dispersing（扩散）more widely."
The 500 ml containers were made the size，shape and buoyancy（浮力）of one normal plastic drink bottle to copy the movement of real rubbish.And open source hardware was used for the electronics inside，meaning researchers can "copy，modify or improve the solution we presented to track other plastics，" the team said.
"This could be used to teach about plastic pollution in schools，with children able to see where their bottle goes，" said another researcher."Data from these tags could feed into global models to give us a clearer picture of how plastic moves across the ocean and where it ends up."
（1）Why did the researchers put GPS and satellite tags in the bottles？ 　 　
A．To learn the bottles' travel route.
B．To measure the bottles' drifting time.
C．To prevent the bottles from being lost.
D．To test the satellite network technology.
（2）What can be inferred about plastic pollution according to Emily Duncan？ 　 　
A．It has caused global concern.
B．It can't be effectively monitored.
C．It spreads more quickly than expected.
D．It can be controlled in the early stage.
（3）What can we know about the bottles used in the research？ 　 　
A．They are full of real rubbish.
B．They are identical in shape.
C．They won't get stuck at sea.
D．They have more buoyancy.
（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about？ 　 　
A．The benefit of the research.
B．The findings of the teams.
C．The tracks of the bottles.
D．The importance of data analysis.
10．They may have text，email，Facebook and Twitter，but young people are still lonelier than any other age group．The Loneliness in New Zealand report，published by Statistics New Zealand，shows under 30s are more likely to feel lonely than older people because loneliness decreases with age．Loneliness and poor mental health were strongly related across all ages．Young people were not as likely to feel lonely because of financial hardship，but among older people，lack of money was a significant influence on loneliness．Women were more likely to feel lonely than men．
Philip Walker，spokesman for the General Social Survey，said because it was relatively new it was hard to know whether loneliness among young people was a new trend．But overseas research has found that levels of loneliness in youth today are growing．
Walker said the finding needed more exploration，including looking at the role of technology and social media． "It could be that people's expectations of connection have gone up，so we expect increased levels of connection，" he said． "While technology like cell phones could help young people stay connected，on the other hand for those who do get bullied （欺辱），especially bullied online，it's quite isolating．A lot of the time potentially it is a big contributor to loneliness．"
Figures from online dating website FindSomeone also confirmed more young people were looking for love．Manager Rick Davies，said younger dating hopefuls were the fastest growing group on the site．
Mr．Davies noted that since the report data was collected in 2010 there had been huge growth in smart phones，which meant people were online even more．He believed online tools，such as Skype，could help people stay connected． "People can keep in touch with a wide range of friends from all over the world much more easily now．It's like you're sitting in your living room having a chat with them．"
Bemardine Reid，operations committee chairwoman for Samaritans，which operates a free helpline，said many of their calls came from people who were lonely． "It might be that they've got some problem，just like all the things people would normally talk to a friend about，but people who are alone lack those normal contacts．"
The Statistics New Zealand report also showed people who didn't have face﹣to﹣face contact with family and friends were more likely to feel lonely，as were those who lived alone．
（1）Which of the following may Mr．Walker agree with？ 　 　
A．Social media should play an important role in helping lonely people．
B．People shouldn't use the Internet to get to know strangers．
C．It's hard for people to get enough connection online as expected．
D．High technology may become a reason for loneliness．
（2）It can be inferred from the passage that 　 　 ．
A．those cheated or hurt online tend to feel lonely
B．without technology，young people would not feel lonely
C．high technology results in the older being lonely
D．FindSomeone is a website where you can find old friends
（3）From the last two paragraphs，we can conclude that 　 　 ．
A．the Internet can keep people free from loneliness
B．people chatting a lot online tend to be optimistic
C．people living alone tend to have more connection online
D．people communicating less in the real world risk loneliness
（4）What is the best title of the passage？ 　 　
A．Loneliness around You
B．Young People Online
C．Young but Lonely
D．E﹣times and Young People
11．
Non﹣verbal Communication
When you are in another country，it is important to know the language，but it is equally important to know how to communicate non﹣verbally.Before saying anything，people communicate non﹣verbally or by making gestures.According to an investigation（调查），only 30 to 35 percent of our communication is verbal.When people don't know the language，the most common way to communicate is through gestures.However，many gestures have different meanings，or no meaning at all，in different parts of the world.
In the United States，for example，nodding your head up and down means "yes".In some parts of Greece and Turkey，however，this motion can mean "no".In Southeast Asia，nodding your head is a polite way of saying "I've heard you".
In ancient Rome，when the emperor wanted to spare someone's life，he would put his thumb up.Today in the United States，when someone puts his/her thumb up，it means "Everything is all right." However，in Sardinia and Greece，the gesture is insulting and should not be used there.
In the United States，raising your clasped（握紧的）hand above your head means "I'm the champion" or "I'm the winner".It is the sign prizefighters make when they win a fight.When a leading Russian statesman（政治家）made this gesture after a White House meeting，Americans misunderstood and thought he meant he was a winner.In Russia，however，it is a sign of friendship.
There are other non﹣verbal signals that you should be aware of when you go to another country，such as the distance to maintain between speakers.Americans stand closer to each other than English people.English people don't like touching somebody or being touched.Now in America，touch is important.Friends touch each other on the arm，for example.They often put an arm around a friend when they say "Hello" or "Goodbye".
（1）It is very important to know how to communicate non﹣verbally when you are in another country because 　 　 .
A．most people speak different languages
B．much of our communication is non﹣verbal on many occasions
C．people usually make gestures before saying anything
D．it's easy to learn how to express oneself through gestures
（2）If a native in Singapore nods his head up and down when you talk to him，his motion means " 　 　 ".
A．yes.
B．no
C．that's all right
D．I've heard you
（3）When the Russian leader put up his clasped hand after the meeting at the White House， 　 　 .
A．he meant Russia was the winner
B．he was insulting America
C．he made a show of friendship to America
D．he in fact meant nothing at all
（4）When you are talking to English people，you should remember 　 　 .
A．not to touch them
B．to stand close to them
C．to put an arm around them
D．not to show your feelings
12．Can the way you stand or sit affect your success？
This is often discussed in business—"the importance of body language"，noted U.S.news website Business Insider. "It actually has an impact on not just the way others look at us，but also how we actually perform."
That's perhaps why Harvard Business School professor Amy Cuddy shot to instant fame after giving a TED talk on the subject in 2012.According to The New York Times，Cuddy's speech is among the most viewed TED talks of all time.
Cuddy and her team study body language，particularly what they call "high﹣power" and "low﹣power" poses.Their research showed that standing or sitting in a certain way，even for just two minutes，changes one's body chemistry and self﹣perception.
"I wanted to equip people with tools that would help them feel stronger，less fearful，and better able to bring their full，spirited selves to stressful situations like speaking in class，" Cuddy told CNN.
"High﹣power" refers to the act of taking a posture of confidence，even when you don't feel very confident.Typical high﹣power poses are about opening up.You stretch and expand your body to take up as much space as possible.For example，bosses are doing high﹣power poses when they lean back in their chairs，put their hands behind their heads，and kick their feet up onto their desks.Meanwhile，people take low﹣power positions when they're feeling helpless or defeated.They close up，wrapping their arms around themselves and tucking their limbs in.
"This isn't about what your body language is communicating to others；it's about what your body language is communicating to you.Your body language is changing your mind，which changes your behavior，which changes your outcomes，" said Cuddy.
The best﹣known high﹣power pose is nicknamed the "Wonder Woman" pose.You just stand tall with your chest out and your hands on your hips.Why not give it a shot，and see whether you feel more confident than before？
（1）According to the article，Professor Amy Cuddy wanted her study on body language to 　 　 .
A．make people fitter and stronger
B．help people to become more confident
C．teach people how to make a better speech
D．help distinguish between people of different social classes
（2）Which of the following is probably a high﹣power pose according to the article？ 　 　
A．Folding your arms when talking with others.
B．Looking down while in the presence of others.
C．Sitting with your arm spread out around the chair next to you.
D．Resting your chin on your hands as if wondering about something.
（3）The main purpose of this article is to 　 　 .
A．give practical tips on how to communicate with others
B．explain what has made Amy Cuddy's TED talk so popular
C．explain why Amy Cuddy considers body language important
D．help the reader to tell the different emotions from different poses
（4）Which of the following can be the best title？ 　 　
A．Posturing for Success
B．High Power and Low Power
C．Cuddy's Researches on Behavior
D．The "Wonder woman" Speech
13．（2023秋 台前县校级月考） Today，the world's diversity （多样性） of food crops is quickly decreasing.But scientists around the world are taking action.They are building seed banks.At seed banks，scientists store the seeds of many different crops.
There are now about 1，400 seed banks around the world.However，some banks are in warm countries.If the electricity fails，the seeds will get too hot and die.Other seed banks are in countries troubled by war.Sometimes people damage the seed banks.If this happens，valuable seeds can be lost forever!
The organisation Global Crop Diversity Trust decided they wanted to deal with this problem.So，they decided to build a global seed bank.This seed bank would contain a back﹣up，or extra copy，of all the world's seeds.Smaller seed banks would still collect and keep local seeds.But they would also send copies of their seeds to the global bank.
Scientists from the Global Crop Diversity Trust chose the cold，snowy mountains of Svalbard，Norway to build the global seed bank—the Svalbard Global Seed Vault （斯瓦尔巴全球种子库）.Organisations，farmers，or local seed banks store their extra seeds there.And the people who place their seeds in the vault are the only people who can take them out.They pay to ship their seeds to Norway，but it does not cost them any money to store their seeds.The Global Crop Diversity Trust pays for this.
Cary Fowler is a scientist who heads the Global Crop Diversity Trust.He said， "If the Seed Vault simply supplies seed banks with copies of seeds that those banks lost by accident，the Seed Vault will be worth more than it cost."
（1）What is the purpose of building the seed banks？ 　 　
A.To research on seeds.
B.To produce new seeds.
C.To protect crop diversity.
D.To increase the number of seeds.
（2）Compared with other seed banks，the global seed bank 　 　 .
A.was built by the government
B.is more welcomed by farmers
C.is mainly used by great scientists
D.can provide a good environment for seeds
（3）What can we learn about the Svalbard Global Seed Vault？ 　 　
A.It helps to pay the shipping cost.
B.No one can take seeds out of there.
C.There are no fees to store seeds there.
D.It mainly receives seeds from farmers.
（4）What is Cary Fowler's attitude towards the Seed Vault？ 　 　
A.He feels it is very important.
B.He is surprised at it.
C.He thinks it costs too much.
D.He is uncertain about it.
14．（2024秋 崇川区校级月考）California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor （因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources （资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues documented widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt （融雪）.
Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？ 　 　
A．The seriousness of big﹣tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of fanning on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well﹣intentioned but may be bad for big trees？ 　 　
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？ 　 　
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？
D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California
15．（2024秋 浦城县月考）Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them.Their values ﹣ this can't be repeated too often ﹣ are not necessarily our values.Physical comfort，cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things.The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms，and an old person lying alone in bed，taking no notice of the worms.But is it interfering （干涉） with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of？Some social workers，the ones who clear up the worms，think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.
Indeed，the old can be easily hurt or harmed.The body is like a car，it needs more mechanical maintenance （机械维修，保养） as it gets older.You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts.But never forget that such operations are painful experiences，however good the results will be.And at what point should you stop to treat the old body？Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body，knowing that it is designed to die？You can't ask doctors or scientists to decide，because so long as they can see the technical opportunities，they will feel bound to give them a try，on the principle that while there's life，there's hope.
When you talk to the old people，however，you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.
（1）What does the passage mainly tell us？　 　
A．The values are different between the old and the young.
B．The moral problems raised by old people.
C．The personal freedom for the old.
D．Old people's viewpoint on life.
（2）We can know from the first paragraph that　 　 .
A．very old people would like to live alone to have more personal freedom
B．very old people are able to keep their room clean
C．very old people like to live with their children
D．social services have nothing to do with very old people
（3）According to the author，which of the following is right？　 　
A．The older a person，the more care he needs.
B．Too much emphasis has been put on old people's values.
C．The human body can't be compared to a car.
D．It is easy to provide spare parts for old people.
（4）The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to "　 　 "．
A．their money or their health
B．the conclusion you come to
C．your talk to the old people
D．whether age is happy or unpleasant
期末培优 阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共15小题）
1．（2024秋 台山市校级期末）For centuries，mankind and dogs have suffered from a communication failure．We can tell dogs what we want them to do and sometimes they comply，but we've always struggled when it comes to understanding the true meaning of their barks and whimpers．There is exciting news now ﹣ a dog translator has been invented to help you communicate with your furry friend．
Researchers at North Carolina State University have fashioned some kind of miracle dog translator body harness（束腰带）．What's special about it is that it doesn't just rely on the dog's vocalizations to interpret what Fido is banging on about．
Oh no ﹣ this miracle harness reads and interprets the ordinary dogs' body language as well，giving us a full two﹣way dog communication experience．
Researcher David Roberts says： "Dogs communicate primarily through body language，and one of our challenges was to develop sensors that tell us about their behavior by observing their posture remotely．"
Sensors on the harness monitor the dog's heart rate and body temperature and software builds up a vocabulary，letting the human know what the dog is feeling．
What would dogs say if they could talk to us？The human can even communicate back through the harness thanks to vibration motors，supposedly by tapping into the dog's senses so that it can understand what you're trying to say to it．
The dog harness is designed for dogs involved in search and rescue and other front﹣line work，but it's got us dreaming of a beautiful future，one where humans and dogs can co﹣exist as equals，with the dog able to fully express itself at all times．
（1）Why can't people communicate with dogs？　A　
A．They have difficulty understanding dogs' barks and whimpers．
B．They have no idea about dogs' behavior in relation to their posture．
C．They don't know how to tell dogs what they want them to do．
D．They don't have a machine to translate the dogs' language．
（2）What does the underlined word most probably mean in paragraph two？　D　
A．Bought．
B．Researched．
C．Influenced．
D．Made．
（3）For what purpose is the dog harness designed？　D　
A．It is designed for dogs to understand what people are trying to say to them．
B．It is designed for dogs to communicate with people through body language．
C．It is designed to monitor the dog's heart rate and body temperature．
D．It is designed for dogs doing search and rescue and other front﹣line work．
（4）What is the author's attitude towards the possible human﹣dog communication？　B　
A．Shocked．
B．Excited．
C．Embarrassed．
D．Annoyed．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了研究人员已经制造了一种神奇的狗翻译束腰带，可以通过狗的身体语言传达他的意思，这是专为狗参与搜索和救援和其他一线工作而设计的，同时我们希望未来可以真正与狗交流．
【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．根据文章第一段"but we've always struggled when it comes to understanding the true meaning of their barks and whimpers"人类与狗交流的困难在于人类很难理解狗的叫声和呜咽声；故选A．
（2）D．词义推断题．根据文章第二段"Researchers at North Carolina State University havefashionedsome kind of miracle dog translator body harness"可知北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员已经制造了一种神奇的狗翻译束腰带，因此fashioned就是make的意思；故选D．
（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段"The dog harness is designed for dogs involved in search and rescue and other front﹣line work"The dog harness 是专为狗参与搜索和救援和其他一线工作设计的；故选D．
（4）B．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段"but it's got us dreaming of a beautiful future，one where humans and dogs can co﹣exist as equals，with the dog able to fully express itself at all times"但它让我们梦想着一个美丽的未来，一个人类和狗可以共存平等，与狗能够充分表达自己的未来；可知作者对于可能可以与狗交流是十分兴奋的；故选B．
【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
2．（2024秋 定陶区校级月考）Body language is the quietest，most secret and most powerful language of all.It is said that our body movements communicate about 50% of what we really mean while words themselves only do 7%.So while your mouth is closed，just it is your body language that is saying.
When it comes to body language at the office，you may be making some big mistakes that could cause you trouble.The following are some tips on what you should not do when using body language at your office.
Don't touch your co﹣workers，even if it's on the back of the arm or shoulder.Many of your co﹣workers are not comfortable with any body contact （接触） with others.Be careful not to touch anyone at your office.
Don't avoid eye contact.Eyes can speak.Lack of eye contact means cheat，and it can also point to no safety or lack of confidence.Trust and confidence are things you will communicate to the other person if you hold eye contact 50% of the time.
Don't have a bad handshake.You're going to show your kindness at once with a firm palm （手掌） to palm handshake.Showing the palms of your hands is an amiable gesture as it shows that you have a peaceful purpose.It means acceptance，and that you've open to new ideas.Be careful of the dead fish handshake.
Don't lean （倾斜） your head while listening to others.When listening to others，you should listen to him or her carefully with your head straight.For women especially，you think you are expressing interest by leaning your head when you are listening to others，but you actually come across as if you don't understand what's going on.
（1）What can we learn from the first paragraph？ 　A　
A．The importance of body language.
B．The development of body language.
C．The best way to communicate with others.
D．How to avoid making mistakes at the office.
（2）What can the underlined word "amiable" in Paragraph 5 be replaced with？ 　C　
A．Common.
B．Polite.
C．Friendly.
D．strange
（3）What can it be known from the passage？ 　D　
A．The stronger you shake hands with others the better.
B．Leaning your head when listening expresses interest.
C．Leaning back and forward shows you are thoughtful.
D．Eye contact is very important in communication.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？ 　A　
A．Pay Attention to Your Body Language at the Office
B．How to Get Along With Your Co﹣workers
C．The Meaning of Body Language You Should Know
D．Different Countries Have Different Body Language
【答案】ACDA
【分析】本文是一篇历史、社会与文化类阅读，主要讲了肢体语言很重要，介绍了在办公室运用肢体语言需要注意的事项。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段It is said that our body movements communicate about 50% of what we really mean while words themselves only do 7%."（据说，我们的身体动作传达了50%的意思，而语言本身只传达了7%。）可知，本段在讲肢体语言的重要性。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第五段Showing the palms of your hands is an amiable gesture as it shows that you have a peaceful purpose.（伸出手掌是一种amiable姿态，因为它表明你有一个和平的目的。）可知，伸出手掌是一种亲切的姿态，划线词语amiable为 "亲切的，友好的"与friendly同义。A.Common普遍的；B.Polite礼貌的；C.Friendly友好的；D.strange奇怪的。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Don't avoid eye contact.Eyes can speak.（不要避免眼神交流。眼睛能说话。）可知，D.Eye contact is very important in communication.（眼神交流在交流中非常重要。）描述正确。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第二段The following are some tips on what you should not do when using body language at your office.（以下是一些关于在办公室使用肢体语言时不应该做的事情的建议。）可知，文章讲在办公室运用肢体语言需要注意的事项。A.Pay Attention to Your Body Language at the Office.（在办公室注意你的肢体语言。）符合文意，故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
3．（2024秋 万州区校级期中）The British are known for their sense of humour.However，it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes.The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.
Understatement means saying less than you think or feel.For example，if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain，he might say. "It's a little damp（潮湿的）outside." Or，if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person，someone else might say， "She isn't exactly friendly." Understatement is often used in unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly.Understatement plays an important part in British humour.
Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidentally falls over in the street.They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society.They like to make jokes about their accents，the way they dress and the way they behave.What's more，the British love to watch comedies about people who do not know how to behave in society.The comedy series Mr Bean is a good example of this kind of humour.Mr Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990.
Mr Bean doesn't talk often，and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh.Perhaps what makes Mr Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do.Mr Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humour.Because of this，many people have become familiar with the British sense of humour.
（1）Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes？ 　C　
A．The British often enlarge the fad.
B．British jokes are connected with many different cultures.
C．The British try to make out that something is less important than it is.
D．British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries.
（2）How does the author explain understatement？ 　A　
A．By using examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By describing a process.
（3）How does Mr Bean make people laugh？ 　D　
A．By telling funny stories.
B．By making jokes about others' accents.
C．By copying how others behave.
D．By using his body movements and facial expressions.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？ 　D　
A．British Humour in Comedy
B．Humour in Different Cultures
C．Developing Your Sense of Humour
D．Understanding British Humour
【答案】CADD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是如何理解英式幽默。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据原文第一段中的The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.（要记住的主要一点是，英国人经常使用保守的说法。）及第二段中的Understatement means saying less than you think or feel.（Understatement的意思是说得比你想的或感觉的少。）可知，英国人经常使用低调陈述，低调陈述意味着说的比你想的或感觉的要少，所以外国人很难理解英国笑话是因为英国人总是试图让别人觉得事情没有那么重要。故选C。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据原文第二段For example，if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain，he might say， "It's a little damp outside." Or，if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person，someone else might say， "She isn't exactly friendly."（例如，如果某人在阵雨中淋湿了，他可能会说。"有点潮湿（潮湿的）之外。"或者，如果有人很不礼貌，对另一个人大喊大叫，其他人可能会说，"她并不完全友好。"）可知，作者是通过举例来解释低调陈述的。故选A。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据原文最后一段中的Mr Bean doesn't talk often，and instead he uses his body movements and facial expressions to make people laugh.（憨豆先生不常说话，而是用他的肢体动作和面部表情来逗人们笑。）可知，憨豆先生是通过肢体动作和面部表情使人发笑的。故选D。
（4）D.标题判断题。根据原文第一段中的However，it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes.The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.（然而，外国人往往很难理解他们的笑话。要记住的主要一点是，英国人经常使用保守的说法。）及第三段中的Another key to understanding British humour is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others.（理解英式幽默的另一个关键是，英国人喜欢开自己和别人的玩笑。）可知，本文主要介绍的是如何理解英式幽默。英式幽默是本文主题。故选D。
【点评】做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4．（2024秋 四平期中）Body language plays a big role in communication as it gives us messages about the other person that we can understand nonverbally，just basing the understanding on our feeling.There are four types of body language to be aware of.
Eye contact is one of the most direct and powerful facial expressions.Eyes are always talking.The use of eye contact varies significantly from culture to culture.In some regions，direct eye contact is often considered a sign of trustworthiness.So，if you're in America，you should know soft，attentive eye contact would convey honesty.However，a hard，unblinking stare will send a very different message，similar to the meaning of direct eye contact in some regions.
Gestures can be used to emphasize certain meanings.Pressing fingers together to form steeple（尖塔）shows interest and determination.Touching the nose or rubbing eyes indicates discomfort.A hand on the back of the neck may indicate you are not interested in a conversation.
Body posture can be positive or negative A firm handshake will give the impression of honesty.Folding arms across your chest is protective.People with arms folded，legs crossed and bodies turning away reject messages.A head held straight up signals a neutral（中立的）attitude.A head sidewards indicates interest.A head down is negative.
The position of speakers and listeners face﹣to﹣face，side﹣by﹣side or back﹣to﹣back，can send powerful messages.In a group，when the leader faces the group and turns toward the one who is speaking，this conveys strong attention When two people are communicating，competitors more possibly sit facing each other while partners sit side﹣by﹣side.
（1）Which of the following body language can mean or express honesty？ 　B　
A．A head sidewards or touching the nose.
B．Attentive eye contact or a firm handshake.
C．A firm handshake or folded arms across one's chest.
D．Attentive eye contact or folded arms across one's chest.
（2）Which kind of gestures shows your discomfort in the conversation？ 　A　
A．Touching the nose or rubbing eyes.
B．Folding arms across your chest.
C．Putting a hand on the back of the neck.
D．Pressing fingers together to form a steeple.
（3）Which of the following best explains the underlined word "reject" in Paragraph 4？ 　C　
A．Feel down.
B．Care for.
C．Turn down.
D．Agree with.
（4）Which type of body language do the examples in Paragraph 5 belong to？ 　D　
A．Facial expressions.
B．Gestures.
C．Body posture.
D．Space relationships.
【答案】BACD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。肢体语言在交流中扮演着重要的角色，文章介绍了四种需要注意的身体语言。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段第五句"So，if you're in America，you should know soft，attentive eye contact would convey honesty."（所以，如果你在美国，你应该知道温柔、专注的眼神交流会传达诚实。）和第四段第二句"A firm handshake will give the impression of honesty."（坚定的握手会给人诚实的印象。）可知，专注的目光接触或坚定的握手都可以表示或表达诚实。故选B。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据第三段第三句"Touching the nose or rubbing eyes indicates discomfort."（触摸鼻子或摩擦眼睛表示不适。）可知，触摸鼻子或揉眼睛表明你在谈话中感到不舒服。故选A。
（3）C.词句猜测题。根据第四段第四句"People with arms folded，legs crossed and bodies turning away"（人们双臂交叉，双腿交叉，身体转向别处）可知，reject意为"拒绝"。A.Feel down感到沮丧；B.Care for在乎；C.Turn down拒绝；D.Agree with同意。故选C。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据第五段第一句"The position of speakers and listeners face﹣to﹣face，side﹣by﹣side or back﹣to﹣back，can send powerful messages."（讲话者和听众面对面、并排或背靠背的位置可以传递强有力的信息。）可知，第五段主要是讲讲话者和听众之间的空间位置关系。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。一定要做到有理有据。
5．（2024秋 青羊区校级月考）Smile!It makes everyone in the room feel better because they，consciously or unconsciously，are smiling with you．Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry（模仿） allows us to empathize（产生共鸣）with and even experience other people's feelings．If we can't mirror another person's face，it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions．A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences．
In their paper，Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood，social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin，describe how people in social situations copy others' facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves．For example，if you're with a friend who looks sad，you might "try on" that sad face yourself without realizing you're doing so．In "trying on" your friend's expression，it helps you to recognize what they're feeling by associating it with times in the past when you made that expression．Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds．
"You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you generate some sort of recognition judgment，and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action﹣you approach the person or you avoid the person，" Niedenthal says． "Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means．"
A person's ability to recognize and "share" others' emotions can be prevented when they can't mimic faces．This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases，like facial paralysis（瘫痪） from a stroke，or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery．Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth，because if you've never had the ability to mimic facial expressions，you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions．
People with social disorders associated with mimicry or emotion﹣recognition damage，like autism（自闭症），can experience similar challenges． "There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact，" Niedenthal says．
Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition．A better understanding of that part，she says，will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders．
（1）According to the passage，facial mimicry helps 　C　 ．
A．experience one's own feelings clearly
B．change others' emotions quickly
C．respond to others' expressions properly
D．develop friendship with others easily
（2）We can know from Paragraph 4 and 5 that 　B　 ．
A．people with motor diseases may also suffer from autism
B．people born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotions
C．people with social disorders can't have eye contact with others
D．people receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in mimicking faces
（3）According to Niedenthal，the next step of the study will focus on 　D　 ．
A．how we can treat brain disorders
B．what can be done to regain facial mimicry
C．how our brain helps us with emotional mirroring
D．what part of our brain helps recognize facial expression
（4）The passage is written to 　D　 ．
A．discuss how people react positively to others' smiles
B．draw people's attention to those with social disorders
C．introduce a new trend in facial expression recognition
D．explain how emotional mirroring affects people's empathy
【答案】C B D D
【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了越来越多的证据表明，面部模仿的本能使我们能够同情甚至体验他人的感受。
【解答】（1）C．细节理解题。根据文章第一段If we can't mirror another person's face，it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions.如果我们无法镜像另一个人的脸，它限制了我们阅读并对他们的表达做出适当反应的能力。可知面部模仿帮助适当回应其他"表达"。故选C．
（2）B．推理判断题。根据文章第四段Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth，because if you've never had the ability to mimic facial expressions，you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions.尼登塔尔指出，对于那些因出生而瘫痪的人来说，情况并非如此，因为如果你从未有过模仿面部表情的能力，你就会发展出解释情绪的补偿方法。可知患有面瘫的人仍可识别情感。故选B．
（3）D．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition.尼登塔尔接下来想探索大脑中的哪个部位起到帮助面部表情识别的作用。可知根据尼登塔尔，研究的下一步将集中于我们大脑的哪一部分帮助识别面部表情。故选D．
（4）D．目的意图题。根据文章第一段Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry（模仿） allows us to empathize with and even experience other people's feelings.面部模仿的本能使我们能够同情甚至体验他人的感受。可知文章是为了解释情感镜像如何影响人们的同情心。故选D．
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
6．The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（间隙） with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied（暗示） is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care﹣givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing（治愈）value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
（1）What does the author say about silence in conversations？ 　C　
A．It implies anger.
B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culture﹣specific.
D．It is content﹣based.
（2）Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？ 　A　
A．The Chinese.
B．The French.
C．The Mexicans.
D．The Russians.
（3）What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？ 　D　
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
（4）What may be the best title for the text？ 　B　
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold
【答案】CADB
【分析】本文是一篇社会文化