2026届高三英语一轮复习专题：定语从句学案（含答案）

2026届高三英语一轮复习专题：定语从句
复习目标：
掌握关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
辨析易混点，避免常见错误。
在复杂句式中熟练运用定语从句，提升写作水平。
第一部分：核心知识梳理
一、 定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二、 关系词的分类与用法
关系词 所指先行词 在从句中的作用 例句
who 人 主语、宾语 The man who is giving a speech is our principal. (主语)
whom 人 宾语 (可省略) The girl (whom) you met yesterday is my cousin. (宾语)
whose 人、物 定语 That's the artist whose works are highly praised.
which 物、事 主语、宾语 (宾语可省略) The book which lies on the table is mine. (主语)
that 人、物、事 主语、宾语 (宾语可省略) The movie (that) we saw last night was amazing. (宾语)
when 时间名词 时间状语 I'll never forget the day when I first came to this school.
where 地点名词 地点状语 This is the factory where my father works.
why reason 原因状语 That is the reason why he was late.
三、 必须用 that 的情况
先行词是不定代词时，如：all, much, anything, everything, nothing, little, none 等。
All that can be done has been done.
先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
The first thing that we should do is to make a plan.
先行词同时包含人和物时。
They talked about the schools and teachers that they remembered.
先行词被 the very, the only, the last, the same 等修饰时。
He is the only person that I can rely on.
四、 必须用 which 的情况
在非限制性定语从句中（从句用逗号与主句隔开）。
He bought me a gift, which made me very happy.
关系词前有介词时。
This is the house in which I spent my childhood.
五、 限制性定语从句 vs. 非限制性定语从句
特征 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 是先行词不可缺少的定语，去掉后主句意思不完整。 是对先行词的补充说明，去掉后主句意思仍清楚。
形式 不用逗号与主句隔开。 必须用逗号与主句隔开。
关系词 关系代词作宾语时可省略。可用that。 关系词不可省略。不可用that。
译法 常译为先行词的定语。 常译为并列句。
例句 I have a brother who works in Shanghai. (可能不止一个兄弟) I have a brother, who works in Shanghai. (只有一个兄弟)
第二部分：易错点与高频考点剖析
1. 关系词在从句中充当的成分
判断准则： 从句中缺什么成分，就选能充当该成分的关系词。
The house which/that he bought last year is very expensive. (从句缺宾语，用which/that/省略)
The house whose windows are broken is empty. (从句缺定语，用whose)
The house where he lived is now a museum. (从句主谓宾完整，缺地点状语，用where)
2. that vs. which
牢记“用that不用which”和“用which不用that”的几种情况。
3. as vs. which 引导的非限制性定语从句
as 引导的从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句尾，常与 know, see, expect 等词连用，有“正如...那样”的含义。
As we all know, smoking is harmful to health.
He is late again, as is often the case.
which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后，指代前面整个主句或部分内容。
He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.
4. “介词 + 关系代词”结构
判断介词：依据从句中动词、形容词的固定搭配或句意。
This is the topic about which we are talking. (talk about)
I remember the day on which I first met her. (on the day)
该结构中的关系代词指人时用 whom，指物时用 which。
注意： 含有介词的动词短语（如 look for, take care of）一般不宜拆开，介词仍放在动词后。此时关系代词可用 that/who/which 或省略。
The children (who/that) she is looking after are very lovely. (√)
The children after whom she is looking are very lovely. (不自然，少用)
第三部分：分层强化训练
第一节：基础过关（单项选择）
The scientist ______ won the Nobel Prize is from China.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. whose
This is the village ______ I spent my childhood.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
I have nothing ______ I need to do today.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whose
The reason ______ he gave for his absence was unbelievable.
A. why
B. for which
C. that
D. when
He has two sons, both of ______ are doctors.
A. them
B. who
C. whom
D. which
第二节：能力提升（单句语法填空）
The man with ________ (who) you were talking is my uncle.
She will never forget the day ________ (when) she got married.
This is the most interesting book ________ (that) I have ever read.
He failed the exam, ________ (which) made his parents very disappointed.
The house ________ windows face south is for sale.
第三节：综合运用（短文语法填空）
I still remember the old school 1 we used to study in. It was a place 2 filled with our laughter and tears. The teacher 3 influenced me most was Mr. Wang, 4 patience and encouragement helped me through difficult times. The days 5 we spent together are precious memories 6 I will always cherish. Later, the school was moved to a new building, 7 was much bigger and brighter. However, it is the old campus 8 holds a special place in my heart. That is the reason 9 I often dream about it. Time flies, but the moments 10 we shared there will never fade.
第四节：挑战高分（句子合并与改写）
A book is on the desk. The book is about American history.
(合并为含定语从句的句子)
The girl is my sister. You saw her in the library yesterday.
(合并为含定语从句的句子)
He explained the reason. He was late for the reason.
(用why合并句子)
We visited the city museum. Many ancient treasures are kept there.
(用where合并句子)
This is Mr. Smith. He is going to give us a talk about space.
(改为非限制性定语从句)
【参考答案与解析】
第一节：基础过关
C 先行词scientist是人，在从句中作主语，用who。
B 先行词village是地点，从句主谓宾完整，缺地点状语，用where。
B 先行词是nothing（不定代词），必须用that。
C 从句中gave后缺宾语（gave the reason)，所以关系词应作宾语，用that/which或省略。why和for which在从句中作原因状语。
C 非限制性定语从句，both of后接宾语，指人，用whom。
第二节：能力提升
whom 介词with后，指人，用whom。
when 先行词the day，从句缺时间状语。
that 先行词被最高级the most interesting修饰，用that。
which 非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，用which。
whose 从句中windows前缺定语，表示“房子的窗户”，用whose。
第三节：综合运用
where / in which (先行词school表地点，从句缺地点状语)
that / which (先行词place，在从句中作主语)
who / that (先行词teacher是人，在从句中作主语)
whose (后接名词patience and encouragement，在从句中作定语)
that / which (先行词days，在从句中作spent的宾语)
that / which (先行词memories，在从句中作cherish的宾语)
which (非限制性定语从句，指物，用which)
that (先行词被the强调，用that，在从句中作主语)
why (先行词reason，从句缺原因状语)
that / which (先行词moments，在从句中作shared的宾语)
第四节：挑战高分
The book that/which is on the desk is about American history.
The girl (whom/who/that) you saw in the library yesterday is my sister.
He explained the reason why he was late.
We visited the city museum where many ancient treasures are kept.
This is Mr. Smith, who is going to give us a talk about space.