人教版（2019）高考英语一轮复习教材梳理必修第一 册UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS知识点课件(共63张PPT)

(共63张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
主题语境　自然灾害
必修第一册
Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破
1.affect vt.影响(influence);(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→ n.喜爱→ n.作用;影响
(1)be affected by受……的影响;被……感动
be affected with感染……疾病
(2)show/have/feel much/an affection for...(非常)喜欢……,喜爱……
affection
effect
(3)have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
①Affected a serious disease, he was no longer able to rise to his feet feeling desperate and helpless.(悲伤情绪表达)
②I propose that you should choose some presents with New Zealand features, which are bound to win your friend’ s (affect).
③李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌,它们对中国文化产生了巨大 的影响。(人物介绍)
with
affection
During Li Bai’ s lifetime, he wrote a great number of excellent poems,____________________________________________.
all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture
站起来
2.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.陷阱;险境
(1)be trapped in 被困在……
trap sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事
(2)fall into/get out of a trap落入/摆脱圈套
lay/set a trap (for)(为……)布下陷阱/设置圈套
②She fell the trap of buying a product with hidden fees, which ended up costing her much more than she expected.
③我读英语时,经常被一些不认识的单词困住。如果你能给我一 些指导,我将不胜感激。(求助信)
into
①The shopkeepers often trap us into (buy) poor quality products or the products we don’ t necessarily need.
buying
I am often trapped in some unknown
words
3.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏→ n.埋葬;葬礼
bury sth.in把某物埋在……
bury oneself in=be buried in埋头于,专心于
bury one’ s face in one’ s hands双手掩面
burial
①(外研选必四)The adventurer believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city (bury) deep in the jungle.
②David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms.
buried
burying his head in his
arms
with his head buried in his
arms
his head buried in his
arms
she buried her face
in her hands and wept
4.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 → n.受苦,遭难;苦楚,苦难→ n.受难者; 患者
(1)suffer from患……病;受……苦
suffering
sufferer
(2)suffer作及物动词时,其后可跟pain、defeat、hardship等词作宾 语;suffer from中的from表示原因,因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等受苦。
①The old man is said to have gone through varieties of (suffer) during the war.
②生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(主旨 升华)
sufferings
There are always some ups and downs in our life,___________
___________________________.(强调句)
but it is the
suffering that makes us stronger
5.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸免;幸存;艰难度过;生还;比……活得长→ n.幸存者→ n.幸存;生还
survive on靠……存活下来
survive sth.幸免于;从……中活下来
A survives B (by+时间) A比B活得长(……)
survivor
survival
①She is one of the few who the crash and she owed that to her skills learned in a medical school.(survive)
②Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness, she still survived her husband 5 years.
③生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起 舞。(结尾升华)
survivors
survived
survival
by
Life isn’ t about ;it’ s about learning to dance in the rain.
how to survive the storm
6.strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck/stricken)击打;(时钟等)敲响;划(火 柴);突击;撞击;侵袭;给(某人以……)印象;突然想起 n.罢工;罢课; 袭击
be struck by被……打动/迷住/侵袭
sth.strikes sb.某人想到……
It occurs to/hits/strikes sb.that...某人突然想起……
strike...into one’ s heart使……刻骨铭心
①Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one I’ d strike my heart forever.
②As he was struck by the beauty of the country, he decided to stay another day.
→ , he decided to stay another day.(非谓语动词)
into
Struck by the beauty of the country
③突然我想到了一个好主意,我可以用胡椒喷雾把熊吓跑。(动物 描写)
→Suddenly I could use pepper spray to scare the bear away.
→ I could use pepper spray to scare the bear away, .(it作形式主语,非 限制性定语从句)
a brilliant idea occurred to/hit/struck me that
It struck/hit/occurred to me that
which was a brilliant idea
(1)as if/though引导表语从句时常放在look、seem等系动词之后。
(2)as if/though引导状语从句时的用法:
7.as if引导的从句的虚拟语气
[教材原句]　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临!
①Listen, the whistle of an ambulance!It seems as if there (be) an emergency.
②The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she (be) their own mother.
③The moment I stepped into the house, it let out a mew of delight as if (tell) me something important.
is
were
to tell
发出高兴的喵喵声
The moment I saw Gunter, I advanced towards him and hugged him as if .
注意:当as if/though引导方式状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句 的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词的某种形式,则可以省略从句中 的主语和be动词。
we had been friends for years
④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我一看到冈特,就向他走去,然后拥抱了他,好 像我们是多年的朋友似的。
此句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突 然”之意时,还常用于以下句型:
(1)be about to do...when...=be on the point of doing....when...正要 做……突然……
(2)had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
8.be doing sth.when...“正在做某事,这时……”
[教材原句]　I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时 水开始往我家里灌。
①I was walking cautiously along the road my feet slipped and I fell over.
②他正要回答时,感到舌头被绑住了,手掌开始出汗。(紧张心 理描写)
when
when he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.
③我们刚从着火的房子里逃出来,房子就倒向地面,我们几乎要被 吓死了。(恐惧心理描写)
it fell to the ground and we were nearly dead with fright.
He was about to respond/on the point of responding
We had just escaped from the burning house when
Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)This method may not be (effect) for everyone as each student’ s oral ability is different.
2. (strike) by the beautiful scenery along the road, we stopped to admire it.
3. On returning to the town, they were shocked to find their neighborhood in (ruin).
effective
Struck
ruins
4. If you have any problems, just turn to me.I’ ll do everything my power to help you.
5. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It is also being used to help patients ________ (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
6. There is no need to buy something more, because we have plenty of food hand for the party.
7. It was said that the explosion in the city centre caused 7 deaths, which was great shock for residents.
in
suffering
on
a
8. Furniture is destroyed, streets are flooded and thousands of people (bury) under the houses.
9. (trap) in the ruins for two days, the girl constantly held a positive attitude, firmly believing that someone would come to her rescue.
10. If he couldn’ t find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of (survive).
are buried
Trapped
survival
suffering from a serious illness
whose words and actions have a
positive effect/influence on me
It looked as if the dolphin suffered a lot
in our
power
3. 我们正在给鱼投食,这时一只被困在网里的海豚吸引了我们的 目光。
a dolphin trapped in a net caught our eyes.
We were feeding the fish when
Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练
培优1　单元话题写作——地震与救援
根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
　　Several years ago, a great earthquake hit (用本单元词汇替换黑体词: ① ) Wenchuan, a city in Sichuan Province, and everyone was ② (shock).About thirty percent of the buildings ③____ ________ (成为废墟).Most people suffered a great deal and many people were ④ (死亡或受伤).There was ⑤_______ electricity nor water.It seemed as if ⑥_____________________ (仿佛世界末日即将来临).
struck
shocked
in ruins
lay
dead or injured
neither
the world were at an end
The government immediately organised rescue teams to evacuate people (将黑体部分改为被动句:⑦___________________________ ____________________________________________ ) and take the ⑧
(survive) to shelters in the open air.The helicopters delivered ⑨ (各种物资).Some doctors and volunteers also came to their rescue.⑩___________________________ _______(多亏了他们的共同努力和智慧), the city began to breathe and revive itself.
immediately by the government to evacuate
Rescue
people
survivors
all kinds of/a variety of supplies
wisdom
Thanks
teams were organised
to their joint efforts and
教材语料运用　【搞笑经历】
　　我的头被困在大南瓜里,我失去了冷静开始恐慌。我再次努力把头从南瓜里拔出,但白费力气。时间一分一秒地过去,我越来越紧张。各种各样糟糕的想法涌入我的心头。
①_______________________ ___________(with复合结构), I lost my calm and began to panic.I made every effort to pull my head out of it once again, but in vain.I was getting more nervous as the minutes ticked away.Various terrible thoughts ②
_______________________.
With my head trapped in the
huge pumpkin
flooded into my mind
培优2　提升续写能力
令我恼火的是,我哥哥不顾我正在遭受的事情,他竟然咯咯地笑着轻拍大南瓜。我爸爸立刻来帮助我,安慰地说,“保持镇静!”好像过了一个世纪,我终于获救了。一个明亮的世界再次出现在我的眼前。 激动和喜悦涌上我的心头。
To my annoyance, ③____________ _____________ (分词短语作状语), my brother tapped the huge pumpkin, giggling.Instantly, my father came to my aid, saying reassuringly, ④“_________!”After ⑤____________ ____________ (what引导的宾语从句), I was successfully rescued and a bright world came into my sight again.⑥_____________________________ ____________ (无生命名词作主语).
I was suffering
ignoring what
Keep calm
like a century
what seemed
A mix of excitement and joy washed over me
课时作业
Ⅰ. 阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
　　Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be attainable, thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, created an AI model that, during a test run in China, correctly forecasted approximately 70 percent of earthquakes with a one week warning and offered reliable assessments of their potential intensity.
The researchers attribute their technique’ s effectiveness to its reliance on a straightforward machine learning framework. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’ s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’ s low-frequency rumbles (隆隆声).
The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic (地震的) events. According to Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior researcher heading the Texas Seismological Network, “Seismic occurrences strike without warning, often in the blink of an eye. Your readiness is all you can influence. Achieving a 70% prediction rate is a considerable achievement that could significantly restrict the impact of earthquakes, reducing both the financial burden and loss of life, and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”
Although the effectiveness of this method in different regions remains uncertain, the researchers believe that their AI model has the potential to enhance prediction accuracy when carried out in regions equipped with dependable seismic monitoring facilities. Their next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, where the University of Texas’ s TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.
Ultimately, the authors aim to combine the system with physics-based models. This approach could be particularly valuable in areas characterized by limited or inadequate data. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’ s director.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可以进行地震预测,并介绍了其工作原理以及意义。
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1.How does the AI predict seismic events (　　)
A.It identifies data from the satellites.
B.It analyzes background sounds in the Earth.
C.It models data based on earthquake recordings.
D.It monitors changes in the Earth’ s magnetic field.
B
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once trained, the AI offered predictions by detecting early indicators of quakes hidden within the planet’ s low-frequency rumbles.”可知,人工智能分析地球上的背景声音来预测地震事件。故选B。
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2.What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in paragraph 3 (　　)
A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes.
B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes.
C.The significance of developing the AI prediction.
D.The restrictions of AI-based methods in earthquake prediction.
C
解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中“The project marks a substantial breakthrough in the exploration of AI for anticipating seismic events...reducing both the financial burden and loss of life, and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”可知,在第三段,Alexandros Savvaidis说明了发展人工智能预测的意义。故选C。
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3.What does the subsequent research focus on (　　)
A.Conducting tests in different locations.
B.Applying the AI approach to other fields.
C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas.
D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy.
A
解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Although the effectiveness of this method in different regions remains uncertain”和“Their next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, where the University of Texas’ s TexNet operates a network of 300 earthquake stations and over six years’ worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.”可知,接下来的研究重点是在不同地点进行测试。故选A。
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4.Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology (　　)
A.Stable but outdated.
B.Effective but costly.
C.Potential and economical.
D.Pioneering and promising.
D
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解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are indicating that accurate quake forecasting may be attainable, thereby casting doubt on the conventional wisdom that such an accomplishment is beyond our capabilities.”以及最后一段中的“‘That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,’ concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’ s director.”可推知,地震预测技术具有开创性和前景。故选D。
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Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
　　(2024·河北石家庄教学质检二)Anytime I travel on my bicycle across the country, I’ m always amazed by how kind people can be to strangers.
　　One night, my friends and I were camping in a town in Missouri.There was a severe storm and we were getting　1　.A complete stranger came by to 　2　 us that there were tornadoes (龙卷风) heading in our way.The stranger invited us to his home.We were surprised by his 　3　 for our safety.Later we learned that there had been a lightning strike near the place where we had camped and several cattle had been 　4　.
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　　Fortunately, we spent the night in a nice dry home.We were　5　 given the opportunity to take a shower.The next morning we had breakfast with the family and 　6　 contact information.In a way we felt like the family had become a part of our journey.This was one of the most heartwarming 　7　 of my life because this family had nothing to 　8　 by being so kind to us.We were 　9　 not the type they could usually 　10　 but they treated us with respect and kindness.
　　The kindness of a stranger always　11　 my faith in humanity.Whatever the person 　12　 always comes with no strings attached and that’ s the most 　13　 part.That family 　14　 us so much that during the rest of the trip, we 　15　 others out every chance we got.We even bought food with our busking (街头卖艺) tips for the homeless.It’ s always heartwarming when giving feels as good as receiving.
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　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友们在露营时遭遇了猛烈的暴风雨。一位好心的陌生人警告他们龙卷风即将来临,并邀请他们到他家避难。作者和朋友们在陌生人家里过夜,得到了很好的照顾。这次经历让作者增强了对人性的信心,并激发了作者和朋友们帮助他人的善举。
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1.A.annoyed　　　　B.impatient
C.excited D.nervous
答案:D
解析:根据空前的“There was a severe storm”可知,因为那里有猛烈的暴风雨,所以作者他们变得紧张了。故选D。annoyed“恼怒的”;impatient“不耐烦的”;excited“兴奋的”;nervous“神经紧张的,焦虑的”。
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2.A.warn B.show
C.convince D.guarantee
答案:A
解析:根据下文的“there were tornadoes heading in our way”可知,一个陌生人告诉他们龙卷风正在向他们袭来,所以这个陌生人是在好心警告他们。故选A。warn“警告”;convince“使确信,使相信,使信服”;guarantee“保证,担保,保障”。
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3.A.demand B.concern
C.desire D.responsibility
答案:B
解析:这个陌生人告诉作者和朋友们有龙卷风在向他们袭来,并邀请他们去他家避难,所以此处指他关心作者和朋友们的安全,这让作者他们很惊讶。故选B。demand“(坚决的)要求,所需之物”;concern“(尤指许多人共同的)担心,忧虑,关心”;desire“愿望,欲望,渴望”;responsibility“责任”。
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4.A.drowned B.deserted
C.killed D.trapped
答案:C
解析:根据上文的“there had been a lightning strike near the place where we had camped”可知,露营地附近发生了雷击事件,所以几头牛应是被杀死了。故选C。drown“(使)淹死,溺死”;desert“抛弃,离弃,遗弃”;trap“使落入险境,使陷入困境”。
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5.A.even B.merely
C.often D.simply
答案:A
解析:根据空前的“we spent the night in a nice dry home”以及空后的“given the opportunity to take a shower”可知,作者和朋友们不仅受到陌生人的邀请去家里休息,而且还有机会洗澡。故选A。merely“仅仅,只不过”。
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6.A.submitted B.exchanged
C.checked D.updated
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,作者以及他的朋友们和这个好心人原本是不认识的,因此此处指这次事情后他们交换了联系信息。故选B。submit“提交,呈递(文件、建议等)”;exchange“交换,交流”;check“检查,审查”;update“更新”。
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7.A.experiences B.messages
C.traditions D.comments
答案:A
解析:根据上文陌生人对作者和朋友们的帮助可知,在某种程度上他们觉得那家人是他们旅程中的一部分,同时这也是作者一生中最温馨的经历之一,因为这家人对他们很好却没有获得什么。故选A。experience“(一次)经历,体验”;message“信息,消息,音信”;tradition“传统,传统的信仰(或风俗)”;comment“议论,评论,解释”。
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8.A.fear B.order
C.gain D.offer
答案:C
解析:参见上题解析。故选C。gain“获得,得到(好处)”;offer“提供,主动提出”。
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9.A.especially B.officially
C.occasionally D.definitely
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,作者和朋友们是外出露营的,与这家人互为陌生人;再根据空后的“but they treated us with respect and kindness”可知,此处是说作者和朋友们尤其不是这家人会经常交往的人,但他们被这家人待以尊重以及善良。故选A。especially“尤其,特别,格外”;officially“正式地,官方地,公开地”;occasionally“偶然,偶尔”;definitely“肯定,没问题,当然”。
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10.A.ask about B.complain about
C.agree with D.associate with
答案:D
解析:参见上题解析。故选D。associate with“交往”。
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11.A.reveals B.shakes
C.strengthens D.shapes
答案:C
解析:根据上文陌生人对作者他们的帮助和常识可知,此处指陌生人的善意增强了作者对人性的信心。故选C。reveal“揭示,显示,透露”;shake“动摇”;strengthen“增强”;shape“塑造”。
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12.A.states B.wishes
C.saves D.gives
答案:D
解析:根据上文可知,作者和朋友们遇到的陌生人让他们去自己家休息、洗澡并与他一家人一起吃饭,对他们展示的是尊重和善意,且并没有要求回报,所以此处指陌生人总是给予,没有附加条件。故选D。state“陈述,说明,声明”。
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13.A.impressive B.practical
C.satisfactory D.evident
答案:A
解析:陌生人付出却不要求回报,这是最令人敬佩的部分。故选A。impressive“令人赞叹的,令人敬佩的”;practical“切实可行的”;satisfactory“令人满意的,够好的,可以的”;evident“清楚的,显而易见的,显然的”。
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14.A.funded B.inspired
C.owed D.delighted
答案:B
解析:结合下文的“We even bought food with our busking tips for the homeless.”可知,在这件事情后,作者和朋友们也开始帮助他人,甚至用他们街头卖艺换来的小费给无家可归的人买吃的,所以此处指那家人深深地启发了他们,以至于他们在接下来的旅途中一有机会就帮助(help)别人。故选B。fund“为……提供资金,拨款给”;inspire“启发思考,激励,鼓舞”;owe“欠”;delight“使高兴,使愉快”。
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15.A.drove B.sought
C.helped D.pointed
答案:C
解析:参见上题解析。故选C。seek“寻找”。