专项五 介词和介词短语学案 （含答案） 2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项五　介词和介词短语
河北中考考情分析
分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出，介词是河北中考的必考点，主要考查介词(短语)辨析和固定搭配。设题形式多为完形填空以及短文填空。预计2026年河北中考中的完形填空和短文填空可能会涉及介词短语和固定搭配的考查。近六年考查频次：介词(短语)辨析6年8考，固定搭配6年2考。
用适当的介词填空
(2025河北改编)I put some small pieces of paper and a pen next ________ the jug.
(2025河北改编)Our“Good Things Jug”is full ________ love，hope and happiness.
(2024河北)Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited ________ his sister.
(2024河北改编)Hurry up，Nancy！The meeting will start ________ ten minutes.
(2023河北)Also，he shows us how to learn ________ our mistakes.
(2023河北改编)Many thanks ________ your gift.I love it.
(2022河北)She often says hello ________ me from her front garden when I come back home.
(2022河北改编)Look！The fish is swimming fast ________ the river.
(2021河北)I have two little brothers.They're very lovely.I often help my parents look ________ them in my spare time.
(2021河北改编)I eat rice ________ beef and potatoes.It's delicious.
(2020河北)When everything was ready，Dad came back home ________ his office.
(2020河北改编)When are you arriving？I'll pick you up ________ the station.
考点一　时间介词
单词 用法 示例
in (1)较长的时间段(如世纪、年代、年、月、季节) (2)较短的时间段(泛指的上午、下午、傍晚、白天等) (3)固定短语中 in the 21st century 在21世纪 in July在七月 in Spring在春天 in the morning/after noon/evening在上午/下午/晚上 in the end最后 in class在课堂上
on (1)日期(几月几日) (2)星期、节日 (3)特指的某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on September 1st 在9月1日 on Monday在周一 on National Day 在国庆节 on Saturday morning在周六上午
at (1)具体时间点前 (2)固定短语中 at one o'clock在1点 at noon在中午 at the age of six在六岁时
during 在……期间 during the summer holiday在暑假期间 during those 20 days在那20天里
before 在……之前 I must finish all the work before ten o'clock.我必须在10点前完成所有的工作。
after(在……之后) 后接时间点，常用于将来时 I will go to school after seven o'clock.我将在7点之后去上学。
后接以过去为起点的时间段，多用于过去时 Uncle Tom finished school after three years.汤姆叔叔三年后毕业了。
by(到……为止) by＋时间点(表示过去，常用于过去完成时) By 2019，I had worked there for ten years.到2019年为止，我已经在那里工作10年了。
by＋时间点(表示将来，常用于将来完成时) By the end of this term，I will have learned 1，000 English words.到这个学期结束时，我将学完1 000个英语单词。
until/till(直到……) 表示动作持续到某一时间点 We must work here until 10 o'clock.我们必须在这儿工作到10点钟。
用适当的介词填空
The astronauts of Shenzhou 15 completed the third spacewalk ________ March 30，2023.
My sister is clever and she could read and write ________ the age of 4.
I made friends with some Americans ________ my stay in New York.
________ the evening of the Mid Autumn Festival，people usually eat mooncakes and enjoy the moon.
________ spring，the days are often windy and bright.It's a perfect time to fly a kite.
考点二　方位介词
in、on、at、by和along的用法
介词 用法 示例
in 表示“在……里”；表示地点时，多指较大的地方 He lives in Shanghai.他住在上海。
on 意为“在……之上”，表示与物体的表面有接触 The English book is on the desk.英语书在桌子上。
at 表示地点时，多指较小的地方或某一地点的具体位置 We live at No.87 Beijing Road.我们住在北京路87号。
by 表示“靠近……，在……旁边” The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。
along 表示“沿着；靠着……边” They walked slowly along the road.他们沿公路慢慢走。
above、over、under和below的用法
介词 用法 示例
above和below 指在物体上方或下方，不与其表面接触，但不一定是正上方或正下方，above和below是反义词 The bird is flying above my head.那只鸟在我头顶上飞。 I could hear voices in the courtyard below my window.我能听到窗户下面的院子里说话的声音。
over和under 指正上方或下方，与物体之间有一定的空间。over与under相对。over还可表示一物被另一物覆盖 The bridge over the river has a long history.河上的这座桥历史悠久。 Write your name under your picture.在你的照片下面写上名字。
across、through和past的用法
介词 用法 示例
across 表示从表面穿过，动作是在某一物体的表面进行的 Tom is swimming across the river.汤姆正游过那条河。
through 表示从某一空间内穿过，强调动作在某一物体的内部进行 She smiled at him as he walked through the door.他从门口进来时，她朝他笑了笑。
past 强调从某一物体的一旁经过 She waved as she drove past us.她开车从我们身旁经过的时候挥了挥手。
between和among的用法
介词 用法 示例
between 用于两者之间或者多者以上的两两之间，常用于结构“between…and…” I sat down between Sarah and Jane.我坐在萨拉和简之间。
among 用于三者或三者以上之间 She was the eldest among them.她是他们当中年纪最大的。
用适当的介词填空
My grandparents live in a house ________ the trees to escape the noise of the city.
The cute bird flew into our kitchen ________ the window just now.
I looked ________ the shelves for the book I needed last night.Finally，I got it.
Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City ________ the airport.
—Excuse me，Mr.Li.Where is the Diaoyu Island
—Let me show you ________ the map.It's ________ the east of China.
考点三　方式介词
介词 用法 示例
with 后跟具体的工具，指“借助于；用” I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。
in 表示“用”，后跟表示语言、墨水、颜色、颜料等的名词，名词前不加冠词；表示形式、形状、安排或数量 Can you say it in English？你能用英语说它吗？ They sat in rows.他们一排一排地坐着。
by 表示用某种方式或手段，后跟名词或动名词，名词前不加冠词 This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。
on 表示借助或通过某一器械、机器，名词前一般加冠词the I could do all my work on the computer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。
【注意】用by、in与on表示交通方式的区别：
用by时，交通工具前不加任何限定词；用on或in时，交通工具前加限定词。如：by bike＝on a bike；by car＝in a car。
用适当的介词填空
Do you learn English grammar ________ taking notes and doing exercises
—Excuse me.How does the machine work
—It runs ________ electricity.
—Look！Peter is writing ________ his left hand.
—Wow，cool!
Students here often do physics experiments ________ small groups.
考点四　其他常用介词
介词 用法 示例
with 带；有；具有；和 I will go to Beijing with my brother.我将和我哥哥一起去北京。
without 没有；缺乏；不(做某事) The teacher left without saying anything.老师什么也没说就离开了。
for 给；对；供；达(表示动作或情况持续的时间) Here is a gift for you.这是给你的礼物。
against 倚；碰；撞；对抗；和……竞争；反对 The rain is beating against the windows.雨水正拍打着窗户。 Our team will play against yours this afternoon.我们队今天下午将和你们队对阵。
like 像；例如；像……一样；……怎么样 What is your new English teacher like？你的新英语老师是个什么样的人？
than 比 My cup is bigger than yours.我的杯子比你的杯子大。
from 来自(表示来源)；从(表示位置或观点) I come from a small town in Guangxi.我来自广西的一个小镇。
about 关于 I want to know more about your life in that country.我想了解更多你在那个国家的生活。
on 关于 a movie on animals一部关于动物的电影
as 作为；以……身份 We have a job for you as a waiter.我们有一份服务员的工作提供给你。
except 除……之外 My father works every day except Sundays.我爸爸除了周日，每天都上班。
besides 除了……之外(还有) Besides football，I like basketball.除了足球，我也喜欢篮球。
including 包括 Everyone can go to that party，including you.包括你在内的所有人都可以参加那个派对。
of 属于(某人或某物)；关于(某人或某物) the window of the room房间的窗户 a photo of my dog一张我的狗的照片
in 穿着；戴着 Lily is in a beautiful dress.莉莉穿着一条漂亮的裙子。
past 晚于；在…… 之后 　 a quarter past ten十点十五分
through 以；凭借 He got what he wanted through hard work.他通过努力工作得到了他想要的东西。
从方框中选择合适的介词填空
except，besides，for，past，through，like，without，against
We should fight ________ bad habits like staying up late.
You can't finish the English exam ________ careful reading.
All the students in our class went to the park ________ Tom，who was ill.
When I walked ________ the library，I saw my math teacher reading a book.
________ English，we also need to learn Chinese and math well for the exam.
We can improve our writing skills ________ keeping a diary every day.
My English teacher is kind，________ a warm hearted elder sister to us.
I practice playing the piano ________ half an hour every day for the coming music competition.
考点五　介词短语及固定搭配
介词与名词的常用搭配
in＋名词 in English用英语 in surprise惊讶地 in danger处于危险中 in public公开地 in bed躺在床上 in order有序的
at＋名词 at night在夜晚 at present目前 at school在学校 at work在工作
on＋名词 on show在展出 on duty值日，值班 on vacation在度假 on fire着火
of＋名词 of importance重要 of value有价值
under＋名词 under control在控制中
to＋名词 to one's surprise令某人惊讶的是
by＋名词 by hand手工 by bike骑自行车
with＋名词 with pleasure愉快地
out of＋名词 out of sight看不见 out of danger脱离危险
名词＋介词 the answer to………的答案 the key to………的钥匙
介词与动词的常用搭配
动词＋in fill in填入　hand in上交
动词＋on put on穿上　get on上(车/飞机/船等)
动词＋at laugh at嘲笑 shout at冲……大叫 look at看　knock at敲
动词＋to listen to听　get to到达 write to给……写信
动词＋of hear of听说　think of认为
动词＋for look for寻找　ask for请求 leave for前往
动词＋off get off下(车/飞机/船等)　put off推迟
动词＋about talk about谈论　worry about担忧
动词＋from learn from向……学习 hear from收到……的来信/来电
动词＋with talk with和……谈话 deal with处理
动词＋after look after照顾
介词与形容词的常用搭配
形容词＋in be interested in对……感兴趣 be poor in缺乏
形容词＋at be good at擅长
形容词＋of be afraid of害怕 be full of充满 be proud of为……感到骄傲
形容词＋to be similar to与……相似 be close to与……接近
形容词＋from be different from与……不同 be free from免于
形容词＋about be worried about对……感到担心
形容词＋with be strict with对……严格 be busy with忙于
形容词＋for be famous for因……而著名 be good for对……有好处
用适当的介词填空
Thanks ________ free education，lots of poor children in the mountain areas can go back to school.
Healthy eating together ________ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.
Many wild animals are ________ danger and it's time for us to do whatever we can to protect them.
Every job has an influence ________ the future of the world.
—I think washing hands every day is good ________ our health.
—Yes，I agree ________ you.
Ⅰ.根据句意，用适当的介词填空
I often buy school things ________ my way home.
The man ________ blue is my uncle.
The local community center is open ________ Monday to Saturday.
There is a low brick wall ________ the garden and the field.
Since the old man made the decision to travel ________ the world，he has never given it up.
My family often goes to the seaside ________ vacation because we all love the sound of waves.
The small village is rich ________ fresh vegetables and fruits that are grown by local farmers.
We can learn a lot ________ different cultures through reading books from all over the world.
My best friend and I often talk about our dreams ________ classes，and we always encourage each other.
Many children improve their life skills ________ helping do housework every day.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
我真的什么都看不见。他的头挡住了我的视线。
I really can't see anything.His head is ________ ________ ________ of my view.
世界上许多野生动物因为人类的行为而处于危险之中。
Many wild animals in the world are ________ ________ because of human activities.
妈妈，我今晚可以晚睡吗？毕竟，我明天不必去上学。
Mom，can I stay up late tonight？________ ________，I needn't go to school tomorrow.
多亏了我们的英语老师，我们班所有的学生在考试中都取得了好成绩。
________ ________ our English teacher，all the students in our class got good grades in the exam.
你应该自己完成这项作业。
You should finish the homework ________ ________ ________.
他工作极其努力，这就是他成功的关键。
He works extremely hard and therein lies ________ ________ ________ his success.
布朗先生是一位对所有学生都很严格的老师。
Mr.Brown is a teacher who ________ ________ ________ all his students.
他关掉电视，穿上外套，走了出去。
He ________ ________ the television，________ ________ his coat，and walked out.
Ⅲ.根据短文内容，用适当的介词填空
A
A video series named Escape from the British Museum was released(发布) in 2023.It caused a heated discussion 1.________ China's social media.Directed by two Chinese vloggers，the three episode series tells the story of how a Chinese cultural relic(遗迹) escapes 2.________ the British Museum and finds its way back to China.
In the video series，the female vlogger plays the role 3.________ an ancient Chinese jade teapot(玉茶壶)，while her male partner is a journalist who helps the teapot return to China.The video series was inspired 4.________ a netizen who suggested making a video in memory of the ordeal(严峻的考验) of Chinese cultural relics returning home from the UK to celebrate the Chinese Lunar New Year.The story is based 5.________ historic facts and aims to draw attention to the Chinese cultural relics held abroad.Some netizens humorously remarked(评论) the story that the treasures 6.________ the British Museum must be feeling“homesick”．What an educational and creative story!
It is believed that more great micro dramas like Escape from the British Museum are worth looking forward 7.________ and they will become better and better.
B
If I asked you to picture a school building，what would come to mind？Maybe bright yellow or blue brick walls？Or rows of classrooms 1.________ large windows？I believe you will change your mind completely after reading this article 2.________ Huizhen High School in Ningbo，Zhejiang.
The school looks 3.________ a “floating forest”．The classrooms are hung 4.________ different corners of this “forest”．There are also tree houses where students can take a break 5.________ their stressful studies.Everything at school—from the theatre and library to the labs and stores—is connected by a long walkway.Students are surrounded(环绕) by trees as they walk 6.________ its zigzag(之字形) roads.
Ma Di is one 7.________ the school's designers.While working on this high school，Ma made up his mind to create more 8.________ just a collection of buildings.By bringing the power into his design，he hopes to reshape how people think about school life.“I want to give students a much more pleasant place to relax，daydream and discover beauty，”he said.“You know，when someone seems to do nothing，he is often most creative.”
At the 2024 World Architecture Festival，Huizhen High School was named the World Building of the Year.Paul Finch was 9.________ the judges(裁判).He said he was impressed 10.________ the design because it was“unexpected and cheerful”．He hopes more students can take a lesson from this “forest” school.
【详解答案】
专项五　介词和介词短语
河北中考·真题体验
1．to　2.of　3.for　4.in　5.from
6．for　7.to　8.in　9.after　10.with
11．from　12.at
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一：
针对训练
1．on　2.at　3.during　4.On　5.In
考点二：
针对训练
1．among　2.through　3.along　4.at
5．on；in
考点三：
针对训练
1．by　2.on　3.with　4.in
考点四：
针对训练
1．against　2.without　3.except　4.past
5．Besides　6.through　7.like　8.for
考点五：
针对训练
1．to　2.with　3.in　4.on　5.for；with
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.on　2.in　3.from　4.between
5．around　6.on　7.in　8.about
9．between　10.by
Ⅱ.1.in the way　2.in danger
3．After all　4.Thanks to
5．on your own　6.the key to
7．is strict with　8.turned off；put on
Ⅲ.
A
1．on　2.from　3.of　4.by　5.on　6.in
7．to
B
1．with　2.about　3.like　4.in　5.from
6．on　7.of　8.than　9.among　10.by