专项七　形容词和副词 学案（含答案） 2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项七　形容词和副词
河北中考考情分析
分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出，河北中考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在词义辨析和比较等级。完形填空侧重形容词或副词的词义辨析，同时侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。短文填空则主要考查形容词或副词的比较等级和词性(形)转换。预计2026年河北中考会在完形填空和短文填空中考查形容词或副词。近六年考查频次：形容词词义辨析6年11考，副词词义辨析6年7考，形容词、副词的比较级和最高级6年7考，形容词、副词的转换(包括名词变形容词，动词变形容词)6年9考。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
(2025河北改编)Anyone in my family is free to write down something good that has happened ________(recent).
(2025河北改编)Some of the things are ________(interest)，some are serious，and some just give hope.
(2025河北改编)I'm so ________(thank) to my parents for their love.
(2024河北)Lin Ming is seven and Lin Fang is two years ________(young) than her brother.
(2024河北改编)Jianshe Road is the ________(busy) road in our city，especially around 8：00 am.
(2024河北)Some boys and girls were playing ________(happy) on the playground.
(2023河北)I was ________(real) shy and nervous on the first day at school.
(2023河北)I felt ________(relax) at once.
(2022河北)I thought it was the ________(nice) cake I had ever eaten.
(2021河北)Last week，we played against another school.They ran ________(fast) than us.
(2021河北改编)—What is the world's ________(high) mountain
—Mount Qomolangma.
(2020河北)Mom cut the meat and cabbages into small pieces ________(quick).
(2020河北)They were so delicious that I ate ________(many) than twenty.
(2020河北改编)Helen is the ________(young) person in her family.Her two elder sisters are both married.
Ⅱ.根据句意，填入适当的单词
(2021河北改编)Please be polite and ________ offer your seat to people who need it.
考点一　形容词
形容词的用法
用法 示例
作状语，主要表示伴随、时间、原因或结果等 He went home，full of fear.他满怀恐惧地回了家。(伴随状语) Young，my grandfather had to work for the landlord all year.我爷爷年轻时不得不长年给地主干活。(时间状语) Hungry and tired，I had to stop to have a rest.又累又饿，我只好停下休息了一下。(原因状语)
作定语，放在被修饰的名词之前，复合不定代词something、anyone等之后 It's a sunny day today.今天是晴天。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉你。
作表语，放在系动词之后 He looks sad today.他今天看起来很伤心。
作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，动词常用make、keep、leave、find等 Don't keep the door open.别让门开着。
某些形容词放在定冠词之后，相当于名词，表示一类人，常见的此类形容词有good、bad、rich、poor、young、old、living、dead等 The young usually like popular songs.年轻人通常喜欢流行歌曲。
ing形容词和 ed形容词
ing形容词表示“令人……的”，一般修饰物； ed形容词表示“感到……的”，一般修饰人。
如：I'm interested in the interesting story.我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。
含形容词的常用句型
(1)“It's＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋动词不定式”表示“某人做某事怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有kind、nice、polite、clever、foolish、lazy、careful、careless等。
如：It's nice of you to say so.你这样说太好了。
(2)“It's＋adj.(＋for＋sb.)＋动词不定式”表示“做某事(对某人来说)怎么样”。常用于这一句型的形容词有difficult、easy、hard、dangerous、safe、useful、pleasant、interesting、impossible等。
如：It's necessary for us to find it out.对我们来说弄清楚这件事是有必要的。
(3)表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad/pleased、sorry、sad等后常接动词不定式。
如：I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
(4)表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready、able、sure等后常接动词不定式。
如：Are you able to come the day after tomorrow？后天你能来吗？
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
During the Spring Festival，we learn about Chinese ________(culture) traditions like making dumplings.
He is a ________(help) volunteer at the China South Asia Expo，and always ready to help visitors.
Since many wild animals are ________(endanger)，everyone should take action and try their best to protect and save them.
Parents should be ________(patience) with their kids when they learn something new.
It is ________(mean) to talk with Andrew because he doesn't accept others' advice.
Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的形容词填空
similar，beautiful，modern，active，awake
________ technology has made our lives more convenient than ever before.
Students should take an ________ part in protecting the environment.
The volunteers painted colorful walls to make the community look more ________．
Ice fishing，a popular winter sport，is ________ in many ways to regular fishing.
After drinking two cups of coffee，I was wide ________ for the next 10 hours.
考点二　副词
副词的用法
用法 示例
作状语 修饰动词 He studies hard.他学习努力。
修饰形容词或副词 The girl is very happy.这个女孩很开心。
修饰整个句子 Luckily，nothing valuable was stolen.幸运的是，没有贵重物品被盗。
作定语 The food here is very delicious.这里的食物很好吃。
作表语 My father will be back in a week.我父亲一周后回来。
作宾语补足语 Let him in，please.请让他进来。
副词的分类
时间副词(句子时态的重要标志) now、then、today、tomorrow、yesterday、before、ago、soon、lately、early、already等
地点副词(前面不加介词) outside、inside、upstairs、here、there、home、near、away、in、back、off、up、anywhere等
方式副词(大多由“形容词＋ly”构成) quickly、happily、loudly、suddenly、luckily、badly、easily等
程度副词(可以修饰形容词和副词的原级或比较级) very、quite、rather、too、much、so等
疑问副词(常用来构成特殊疑问句) when、where、why、how
关系副词(常用来引导定语从句) when、where、why
频度副词(表示事情发生的频率，可用来回答how often引导的特殊疑问句) always、usually、often、sometimes、hardly、seldom、never
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
You'd better leave ________(quick)，or trouble will come to you.
—He is so humorous and kind.All his students love him.
—________(exact).He is my favorite teacher.
We have been to the China Folk Culture Villages ________(late).
Although the weather was terrible，the bus finally arrived at the stop ________(success).
Knowing others is smart.________(luck)，he is wise because he knows himself.
Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的副词填空
yet，almost，however，already，hardly
Ken was ________ late for school.The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.
Seeing the new changes in her hometown，Nanjing，Sandy could ________ believe her eyes.
The hotel was very noisy.________，I was so tired from travelling that I slept very well.
—Tom，haven't you helped your parents do the housework ________？
—Yes，I've helped them wash the dishes ________．
考点三　形容词、副词的词形变化
常见的名词变形容词的方法
构成方法 示例
加 en wood→wooden，gold→golden，wool→woolen
加 ern east→eastern，west→western，southeast→southeastern
加 y cloud→cloudy，wind→windy，health→healthy
加 ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，month→monthly
加 ful care→careful，help→helpful，wonder→wonderful
加 less home→homeless，care→careless，hope→hopeless
加 n Asia→Asian，Australia→Australian，India→Indian
加 ous danger→dangerous，humor→humorous，courage→courageous
形容词变副词的方法
情况 构成方法 示例
一般情况 加 ly quick→quickly，brave→bravely
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 将y变 i再加 ly easy→easily，happy→happily
以le结尾 去e加 y simple→simply，gentle→gently
以“元音字母＋e”结尾 去e加 ly true→truly，due→duly
用所给词的正确形式填空
The manager sounded ________(friend) on the phone.He offered to show us around the company.
I can't believe I am ________(real) going to meet the princess.
—Jessica，it's raining hard outside.
—Oh，you should be ________(care) when you drive to work.
Tony is such a ________(create) boy that he can make up stories with surprising endings.
“You look ________(love) in that yellow and white skirt，”May said to her friend.
I lost my ticket，but ________(luck)，the travel agent gave me another one.
—Dad，I get a good job.
—Congratulations！Work hard and make yourself more ________(value).
The problem hasn't been solved ________(simple) because you didn't follow my instructions.
Diet drinks(低热量饮料) are not quite as ________(health) as you think.It is reported that drinking too many of them might lead to illness.
It's ________(polite) to talk with your mouth full.
考点四　形容词和副词的比较等级（比较级、最高级）
形容词和副词的比较等级的构成
(1)形容词、副词的比较等级的一般变化规则
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般在词尾加 er或 est small smaller smallest
fast faster fastest
以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加 r或 st nice nicer nicest
fine finer finest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，先把y变为i，再加 er或 est early earlier earliest
happy happier happiest
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er或 est big bigger biggest
thin thinner thinnest
部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加more或most interesting more interesting most interesting
important more important most important
(2)常见比较等级不规则变化的形容词和副词
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
形容词和副词的比较等级的用法
(1)原级的用法
形容词或副词原级可以用表示程度的副词very、so、too、enough、quite等修饰。常见原级的结构和用法如下：
结构 用法 例句
as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者相比，程度相同。as…as结构前可以带表示程度的状语，如quite、almost、half等 This book is almost as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。
not as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者相比，表示“一方不及另一方” This village isn't as/so big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。 I didn't do my homework as carefully as you.我做作业不如你认真。
倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 表示“是……的几倍” The city is twice as big as my hometown.这个城市是我家乡的两倍大。
(2)比较级的用法
比较级表示两者之间比较，表示程度的副词a little、a bit、a lot、much、even等可以修饰比较级以加强程度。常见比较级的结构和用法如下：
结构 用法 例句
比较级＋than 表示两者进行比较 She usually gets up earlier than others.她通常比别人起得早。
比较级＋and＋比较级 表示“越来越……”，其中多音节形容词/副词用“more and more＋形容词/副词的原级” She is growing fatter and fatter.她变得越来越胖了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。
the＋比较级，the＋比较级 表示“越……就越……”，如果“the＋比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后 The busier the old man is，the happier he feels.那位老人越忙越高兴。 The more money he gets，the more he wants.他得到的钱越多，他想要的就越多。
特殊疑问词＋其他＋谓语动词＋比较级，A or B？ 两者进行比较，表示“哪一个更……” Which subject do you like better，English or Chinese？你更喜欢哪一科，英语还是语文？
A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B 表示“……几倍于……” The Yangtze River is almost three times longer than the Pearl River.长江大约比珠江长两倍。
(3)最高级的用法
表示三者或三者以上比较时用最高级。常见最高级的结构和用法如下：
结构 用法 例句
主语＋谓语动词(＋the)＋最高级＋(名词＋)in/of短语 表示在某一范围内或某类人或物中“最……的” He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班里最高的男孩。
one of＋the＋最高级＋名词复数 表示“最……的……之一” He is one of the most popular singers.他是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
特殊疑问词＋其他＋谓语动词(＋the)＋最高级，A，B or C？ 三者比较，“谁/哪个最……” Who jumps highest，Tom，Bill or John？谁跳得最高，汤姆、比尔还是约翰？
主语＋谓语动词＋the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词＋in/of短语 表示“……是……第……的……” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
比较级＋than any other＋单数名词＝the＋最高级＋单数名词 比较级结构表示最高级含义 China is larger than any other country in Asia.＝China is the largest country in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。
用所给词的正确形式填空
If we follow the rules，our world will become ________(clean) and more beautiful.
Never giving up is the ________(value) thing if you want to make your dream come true.
Young people add some bright lights and loud music to make the dance show much ________(excite).
Lily is unhappy because she has the ________(little) pocket money among all the girls.
Helping your body get to that temperature ________(fast) can encourage deeper sleep.
We should speak as ________(polite) as possible when we ask strangers for help.
—Who dances ________(bad) of the three girls
—The girl in red.
According to some studies，the ________(far) you study，the more you understand you have learned.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
Martin went out ________(angry) when he heard the news.
Huangguoshu Waterfall is ________(wide) known to people at home and abroad.
Tom always insists hard work does not necessarily lead to success.I can't agree with him ________(complete).
Jane was too ________(excite) to fall asleep quickly.
The life is better than before but the environment is much ________(bad).
Shaping or pulling lamian noodles by hand for this ________(tradition) soup is an art in itself.
It is ________(enjoy) to listen to music and take a cup of coffee on a sunny afternoon.
Compared with the past，the community canteens are providing people，both young and old，with ________(cheap) and healthier dishes now.
Visiting my grandparents abroad is one of the ________(happy) experiences I've had this year.
Short form videos can catch people's eye ________(easy)，but we shouldn't spend too much time on them.
Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空
heavy，exact，hard，real，rapid，large，exciting，polite，sleep，much
—Why are you looking ________ in class all day
—Because I can't finish my homework until eleven every night.
Sometimes it rains ________ in my hometown in summer.
The book covers all of Chinese history.It is ________ worth reading again.
—What do you think of the TV series In the Name of People
—It is ________ one I've ever seen.
As the number of cars in Shanghai gets much ________，the pollution is becoming more serious.
Online shopping is developing so ________ that there are fewer people in the shopping mall.
Scientists are trying to find out ________ how the hot weather affects the jellyfish.
Boys and girls，we all know that the ________ you learn，the better results you will get.
The ________ you ask people for help，the more willing they are to help you.
I think Mr.Zhang works ________ of all the teachers in our school.
Ⅲ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式完成短文
interest，same，common，good，direct，final，important，else
Different places have different rules about gifts
Everyone loves receiving gifts，and across cultures，presents are a way to show care and love.However，traditions are not the 1.________ in every country.
As a European living in China，I've seen some 2.________ differences.For example，while fruit and milk are common gifts here，in my culture，they might be a 3.________ choice when you are visiting someone in the hospital.
Many Europeans will open their presents 4.________，except in places like Germany.It's also 5.________ to take off the price tag.
What if you don't like your gift？In Spain，you still need to say you love the gift to avoid hurting the other person's feelings.But if they remember to leave the receipt(小票) inside the gift，which is a very 6.________ practice in Spain，you can just exchange it for something 7.________．How the present looks is also important.
8．________，remember：It's the thought that counts，not the size or the cost of the gift.
Ⅳ.(2025唐山三模改编)短文填空
I love autumn sunsets.They create 1.________(wonderful) views in the whole world.Unlike other seasons，autumn is 2.________(true) special.When the sun sets，the sky is painted with all kinds of colours.Red，orange，and yellow blend together like a 3.________(magic) palette(调色板).And whenever I'm feeling down，just a single look at an autumn sunset has the power to turn my mood around.
One autumn evening，right at the time of dusk，I was 4.________(real) in a bad mood.It was all because of those super hard math problems.I couldn't solve them.I sat all alone by the Xingyue River near my school and couldn't help sighing(叹气).But that wasn't 5.________(help) at all.6.________(sudden)，like a surprise gift，the setting sun caught my eye.I raised my head and looked up at the sky.The sun was shining brightly on the horizon(地平线) and giving warmth to me.As the sun 7.________(slow) went down，the river sparkled(闪烁) like it was filled with countless diamonds.The sunlight surrounded me and made me feel warm and full of strength.It also made me think 8.________(deep)：When we meet difficulties in life，shouldn't we keep moving forward bravely，just like the sun will surely come up again after a long night？After that I felt much 9.________(good) and went home happily.This was my first time to see and feel how 10.________(beauty) the autumn sunset is.And I will never forget it.
【详解答案】
专项七　形容词和副词
河北中考·真题体验
Ⅰ.1.recently　2.interesting　3.thankful
4．younger　5.busiest　6.happily　7.really
8．relaxed　9.nicest　10.faster
11．highest　12.quickly　13.more
14．youngest
Ⅱ.always
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一：
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.cultural　2.helpful　3.endangered
4．patient　5.meaningless
Ⅱ.1.Modern　2.active　3.beautiful
4．similar　5.awake
考点二：
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.quickly　2.Exactly　3.lately
4．successfully　5.Luckily
Ⅱ.1.almost　2.hardly　3.However
4．yet；already
考点三：
针对训练
1．friendly　2.really　3.careful
4．creative　5.lovely　6.luckily
7．valuable　8.simply　9.healthy
10．impolite
考点四：
针对训练
1．cleaner　2.most valuable
3．more exciting　4.least　5.faster
6．politely　7.(the)worst　8.further
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.angrily　2.widely　3.completely
4．excited　5.worse　6.traditional
7．enjoyable　8.cheaper　9.happiest
10．easily
Ⅱ.1.sleepy　2.heavily　3.really
4．the most exciting　5.larger　6.rapidly
7．exactly　8.more　9.more politely
10．hardest
Ⅲ.1.same　2.interesting　3.better
4．directly　5.important　6.common
7．else　8.Finally
Ⅳ.1.the most wonderful　2.truly
3．magical　4.really　5.helpful
6．Suddenly　7.slowly　8.deeply
9．better　10.beautiful