专项八 动词和动词短语学案（含答案）2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项八　动词和动词短语
河北中考考情分析
河北近六年的中考真题对动词的考查主要涉及实义动词、情态动词和感官动词的辨析及用法。对动词短语的考查主要是：1.同一动词＋不同介词/副词；2.不同动词＋同一介词/副词；3.不同动词＋不同介词/副词。这些考查主要出现在完形填空和短文填空中。预计2026年河北中考的完形填空还会考查动词(短语)词义辨析。近六年考查频次：情态动词6年4考，动词词义辨析6年16考，动词短语辨析6年9考。
Ⅰ.根据句意，填入适当的单词
(2025河北改编)While the students were discussing what the answer was，Mr.Johnson always waited ________ their reply patiently.
(2024河北改编)From that day on，Rick decided to give ________ playing video games and take some exercise every day.Later Rick fell in love with sports.
(2024河北改编)Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited ________ his sister.
(2023河北改编)We are supposed to put ________ our hand before we speak in class.
(2022河北改编)—Michael，try ________ this shirt.
—Oh，it looks nice on me!
(2020河北改编)Some volunteers are going to clean ________ the central park.Let's join them.
Ⅱ.用适当的情态动词填空
(2024河北改编)—Look！Is that girl Alice
—No，it ________ be her.She is on a tour in Beijing now.
(2023河北改编)If we ________ find a better way，we'll finish the job faster.
(2022河北改编)—Do I have to hand in my report now
—Of course，you ________．We're going to discuss it.
(2020河北改编)________ you smell something burning？Go and see what's happening.
考点一　实义动词
实义动词按其后是否需要接宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
分类 用法 示例
及物动词 带一个宾语 If you have any questions，you can raise your hands. 你们如果有任何问题，可以举手。
带双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语，间接宾语常指人，直接宾语常指物) My parents gave me a nice gift on my birthday.(＝My parents gave a nice gift to me on my birthday.)我的父母在我生日那天给了我一份精美的礼物。 I will buy you a new dictionary.(＝I will buy a new dictionary for you.)我会给你买一本新词典。
带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语) Please keep the door open.请开着门。 Our teachers tell us to study hard.我们的老师告诉我们要努力学习。
不及物动词 不带宾语 They are running on the playground.他们正在操场上跑步。
后加介词，再带宾语 Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.请看黑板，听我说。
从方框中选择合适的动词并用其适当形式填空
drop，enter，waste，rise，believe，separate，create，afford
When using a washing machine，you'd better ________ white clothes from colored ones.
The temperature will ________ to 3℃ tomorrow.You'd better wear more clothes.
The government has done a lot to ________ more jobs for the university graduates.
The Chinese ________ that a one thousand mile journey starts with the very first step.
As students in Grade Nine，we are too busy to ________ a holiday before the final examination.
We must stand up to show our welcome when a guest ________ the house.
I don't want to ________ my time talking with her.It's like playing the lute to a cow.
Luckily，no one was hurt，but the smoke from the fire ________ straightly up in the air.
考点二　系动词
类别 词语 含义 示例
状态系 动词 be 是 The boy is very clever.这个男孩很聪明。
感官系 动词 look 看起来 You look beautiful in the red dress.你穿这件红色的连衣裙看着很漂亮。
feel 感觉；摸起来 The dress feels soft.这件连衣裙摸起来很柔软。
smell 闻起来 The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
sound 听起来 The music sounds beautiful.音乐听起来很优美。
taste 尝起来 The noodles taste delicious.面条尝起来很好吃。
表示“变 化”的 系动词 become 变得，成为(天气变暖或变冷等) The weather becomes warm. 天气变暖和了。
get 变得(天变黑、变长或变短) The days get longer in spring.春天白天变长。
turn 变得(多指颜色) The leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天树叶变黄。
go 变成(多指由好变坏) The food has gone bad.食物已经变质了。
grow 逐渐变得(常需要经历一个过程，慢慢地变化，通常用来表示身高、岁数、经验的改变) Man will grow old.人是会变老的。 She has grown much taller.她长高了很多。
持续系 动词 keep stay remain 保持 It's important to keep healthy.保持健康很重要。
表示“像，似乎”的系动词 seem 似乎，好像 He seems very happy.他似乎很开心。
从方框中选择合适的动词并用其适当形式填空
turn，look，remain，sound，taste，get
The little dancer from Australia ________ lovely in the long skirt.
When the girl heard the words，her face ________ red.
The young should then look after their parents as they ________ older.
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it ________ to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
The food ________ better than it looked.
I like soft and gentle music.It ________ nice.
考点三　助动词
助动词 用法 示例
be be(am，is，are；was，were)＋动词的现在分词(用于现在进行时和过去进行时) I am washing my clothes.我正在洗衣服。 What is Tom doing？汤姆正在做什么？ We were watching TV when the alarm went off.当警报响起的时候，我们正在看电视。
be(am，is，are；was，were；will be；have/has been)＋ 动词的过去分词(用于被动语态) Is Japanese taught in your school？你们学校教日语吗？ The building was destroyed in the earthquake.这座大楼在地震中被毁了。 Where will a new library be built in our city next year？明年我们城市将在哪里建一座新图书馆？ The task hasn't been finished yet.这项任务还没有完成。
do do(does，did)用于一般现在时和一般过去时 We don't go to school on weekends.我们周末不上学。 What time does Jack get up？杰克什么时候起床？ Did Mary call you this morning？玛丽今天早上给你打电话了吗？
have have(has，had)＋动词的过去分词(用于现在完成时和过去完成时) I haven't been there before.我以前没去过那儿。 Lucy has passed her driving test.露西已通过了驾照考试。
will/ shall will/shall(would/should)＋动词原形(用于一般将来时和过去将来时) I will visit the UK next week.下周我要去英国。 When shall we meet again？我们什么时候再见面？ He said he would come to see me if he was free.他说他如果有空就来看我。
用所给词的正确形式填空
—________ everyone in your family ________(like) the Chinese New Year
—Yes，of course.
They asked me what I ________(do) when the earthquake happened.
He ________(live) in Beijing since he was born.
Neither Emma nor her parents ________(be) to America，but all of them speak American English very well.
考点四　情态动词
情态动词的基本用法
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
can 表示能力，意为“能，会” I can play the violin.我会拉小提琴。
表示允许，意为“可以” You can play basketball on weekends.你可以在周末打篮球。
表示请求 Can I borrow your bike？我能借你的自行车吗？
can't 表示否定，意为 “不会，不能” I can't go shopping with you.我不能和你去购物了。
could can的过去式，意为“能，会”，表示过去的能力 She could speak English when she was a child.她小时候就会说英语。
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求，答语用can，不用could —Could I use your book？我可以用你的书吗？ —Yes，you can.是的，你可以。
couldn't 意为“不会，不能” I couldn't drive a car before I left school.毕业前我不会开车。
may 表示请求、许可，意为“可以” May I go now？现在我可以走了吗？
用于祈使句，表示祝福和祝愿，用法和wish相似 May your dream come true.愿你的梦想成真。
might may的过去式，用于间接引语，意为“可能，可以” He said he might come tomorrow.他说他明天可能会来。
表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉 Might I borrow your book？我可以借你的书吗？
must 表示主观看法，意为“必须，一定” You must finish the project by Friday.周五之前你必须完成这个项目。
mustn't must的否定形式，意为“一定不要，禁止” You mustn't play on the road.你一定不要在马路上玩。
have to 意为“不得不，必须”，多表示客观需要，有人称、时态和数的变化 I have to go now.My mother is waiting for me.我现在得走了。我妈妈正在等我。
don't have to 意为“不需要，不必”，回答用must提问的问句 —Must I clean the room now？我必须现在打扫房间吗？ —No，you don't have to.不，你不必。
should 意为“应该”，表示要求或命令，也可以表示劝告或建议 We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。
表示征询某人意见，常用于疑问句中 Should I trust him？我应该相信他吗？
shouldn't 意为“不应该” You shouldn't be so careless.你不应该如此粗心大意。
need 作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，意为“需要” You needn't come if you are busy.如果忙，你就不必来了。
needn't need的否定形式，意为“不需要，没必要”，常用于must提问的否定回答 —Must I go with them？我必须跟他们走吗？ —No，you needn't.不，你不必。
will 表示邀请、请求，用于疑问句中，常用于第二人称 Will you join us for a drink？要不要和我们一起喝一杯？
won't will的否定形式 His parents won't let him come.他父母不会让他来的。
would 表示自愿做或主动提出做某事，如表示意志、愿望或决心等 She said she would try her best to help me.她说她愿意尽自己最大努力来帮助我。
shall 表示请求或征求对方的意见，多用于第一人称的疑问句中 Shall I send you the book？我把书给你寄过去好吗？
had better 意为“最好”，简略形式为'd better，多用于第二人称，否定形式为had better not You'd better stay at home now.你现在最好待在家里。
情态动词表示推测的用法
情态动词 含义及用法 示例
can't 表示否定推测，意为“一定不，不可能”(可能性几乎为零)，语气强烈 Li Ming can't be in the classroom.I just saw him in the library.李明不可能在教室。我刚刚在图书馆看见他了。
can/could can和could表示现在或将来的推测，意为“可能；会”。can往往用于否定句和疑问句中，用于疑问句中时，can比could表示的“可能性”更大；could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中 The French book could be Alice's. She studies French.这本法语书有可能是爱丽丝的。她学法语。
must 表示非常有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定”(100%的可能性) The book must be Jenny's.Her name is on it.这本书一定是珍妮的。这上面有她的名字。
may 表示可能性，意为“有可能，也许”，用于肯定句中，表示把握不大的推测 The girl may be lost.这个女孩有可能迷路了。
may not 表示否定推测，意为“可能不”，语气不确定 That may not be true.那可能不是真的。
might 表示肯定推测，意为“有可能，也许”，可能性低于may，语气缓和，较委婉 John might come this evening，but I'm not sure.约翰今天晚上也许会来，但是我不确定。
情态动词的疑问句和答语
疑问句及答语 示例
由may或might引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用may；否定回答用can't/mustn't —May/Might I sit here？我可以坐在这儿吗？ —Yes，you may./No，you can't(mustn't).是的，你可以。/不，你不能。
由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must/have to；否定回答常用needn't/don't have to —Must I hand in my homework this afternoon？我今天下午必须交作业吗？ —Yes，you must(have to)./No，you needn't(don't have to).是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
回答以need引出的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must/have to；否定回答用needn't/don't have to —Need I do the work at once？我需要立刻做这项工作吗？ —Yes，you must(have to)./No，you needn't(don't have to).是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
回答以could引出的一般疑问句时，用can，不用could —Could I use your mobile phone？我可以用你的手机吗？ —Yes，you can./No，you can't.是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。
从方框中选择合适的情态动词填空(可重复使用，必要时可用其否定形式)
need，should，must，can，have to，could，would
—How beautiful the paper cutting is！Who made it
—It ________ be Linda.She's the only one that can make it in our class.
—Mom，________ I be a teacher like you when I grow up
—No，you ________．
—Excuse me，but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway.
—I'm sorry.
—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow
—Sorry，I'm afraid I ________．I'll work as a volunteer in my community.
Don't worry about me.I ________ take care of myself.
They said they ________ give the police their full cooperation.
—Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree.Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven.
—Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow evening
—Sorry，I can't.I ________ visit my sick grandmother in hospital.
考点五　动词短语
同一动词型
短语 示例
come 短语 come out出现；出版　come over顺便来访　come along出现；进展　come back回来　come up出现　come down流传下来　come in进来　come across(偶然)遇见(或发现)　come true(希望、梦想等)实现
cut 短语 cut down削减；砍倒　cut up切碎 cut in插嘴　cut into切成，割成 cut out删去；停止做(或使用、食用)　cut off切断；停止(供给)
keep 短语 keep on继续　keep out留在外面 keep away不靠近　keep in待在家里 keep off使不接近　keep up with跟上
look 短语 look at看　look after照顾；照料　look into调查；审查　look out当心，留神　look up查阅；查找　look for寻找　look around环顾　look over检查　look through浏览　look back回顾　look up to尊敬；钦佩　look forward to盼望　look out for留意，注意　look like看起来像
put 短语 put up举起；搭建；张贴　put down写下；放下　put back把……放回原处　put into放进；往……投入(资金)　put away将……收起　put out熄灭　put off推迟　put through接通(电话)
turn 短语 turn over翻身；(使)翻转　turn out结果是，证明是　turn on打开(电灯等)　turn off关掉(电灯等)　turn away把……拒之门外　turn up开大；调高 turn down调低，关小；拒绝　turn in上交；上床睡觉　turn to求助于　turn around(使)转身
get 短语 get up起床　get on上车(船、飞机等) get off下车(船、飞机等)　get down使沮丧；咽下；记下　get into进入；陷入 get to到达　get back回来
go 短语 go on继续　go away走开；离开；消失 go ahead前进　go along继续；进展　go by(时间)流逝　go over复习；仔细检查 go down下降　go up上升；增长　go out出去　go through通过　go back返回
give 短语 give up放弃　give in屈服；让步　give away捐赠；泄露　give out散发，分发 give over to专用于　give back归还；恢复
take 短语 take up占用；开始从事　take down记下；拆卸　take off起飞；脱掉　take over接收；接管　take in吸收；领会　take out拿出；除去；扣除　take care of照顾 take place举行；发生　take part in参加 take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与……相像　take the place of代替
同一介词/副词型
短语 示例
for 短语 ask for请求　care for关心；关怀　leave for动身去　pay for为……付钱　prepare for为……做准备　search for搜寻；寻找　send for派人去请　stand for代表；象征　wait for等待　thanks for因……而感谢
up 短语 add up加起来；合计　bring up提出；养育，培养　cheer up使振奋　clean up清理；打扫　call up打电话　dress up盛装打扮；装扮　eat up吃光　end up结束　fix up修理；修补　pick up开车接(人)；捡起　grow up成长；长大　hurry up赶快
out 短语 blow out吹灭　break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发　bring out使显现；使变得明显　carry out执行；落实　find out查明；发现　set out出发，动身
down 短语 break down停止运转；出故障　calm down平静下来　shut down关闭；停下 die down逐渐变弱或消失　fall down倒塌；跌倒　knock down拆毁；撞倒；击倒 lie down躺下　pull down拆掉；使受挫 sit down坐下　write down写下，记下
away 短语 blow away吹散；吹走　get away离开；逃脱　pass away去世　run away逃跑 take away带走；拿走　throw away扔掉
about 短语 argue about争论　bring about带来；造成　care about关心；在意　hear about听说　hang about闲逛；逗留　talk about谈论　think about考虑　worry about担心
at 短语 aim at瞄准；旨在　laugh at嘲笑　knock at敲　point at指向　smile at冲……微笑　shout at对……大喊　throw…at…把……扔向……
off 短语 drop off掉下；下降　fall off减少；跌落 go off爆炸；发出巨响　pay off还清(欠款等)　send off发送；邮寄　set off动身；起程
on 短语 agree on就……达成共识　come on开始；快点儿　depend on依靠；依赖　feed on以……为食　focus on集中于；关注 hold on别挂电话；坚持　keep on继续 pass on传递　put on穿上；上演；增加　try on试穿　work on从事于；继续工作
with 短语 agree with同意　begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比　connect with与……相连　catch up with追上；赶上　come up with提出；想出　deal with解决；处理　go with与……协调　part with放弃，交出　stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系　share with与……分享　talk with和……交谈
in 短语 break in非法强行闯入；打断谈话　bring in引入　cheek in报到；登记　fill in填写　hand in上交　take pride in对……感到自豪
Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空
The TV has been on for three hours.Would you mind turning it ________？
To save local dialects，China has set ________ the largest language resource database in the world.
Depending ________ AI too much makes us short in creativity.
My mother will point ________ my mistakes to help me make progress.
We should do teamwork actively，instead of waiting ________ others to finish the work.
An exchange student made a speech to share how he dealt ________ the culture shock in China.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
我相信如果我们齐心协力，我们下次一定会赢的。
I believe if we ________ ________，we are sure to win the next time.
让我来带你参观一下我们的学校并且拍一些照片。
Let me ________ you ________ our school and take some photos.
我们期待着未来看到更多精彩的中国电影。
We are ________ ________ ________ seeing more great Chinese movies in the future.
李明经常在字典里查阅生词并学习如何正确使用它们。
Li Ming often ________ ________ new words in his dictionary and learns how to use them properly.
昨天，这个男孩从自行车上摔下来并且伤到了膝盖。
The boy ________ ________ his bike and hurt his knee yesterday.
他成功地扮演了一个警察的角色，并且吸引了人们的注意力。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ a policeman successfully and caught people's attention.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
The piece which was played on the erhu especially ________(move) her.
The music ________(sound) like birds singing.
Please walk gently in the library.The students are ________(read).
Since we have labor courses，we have ________(develop) good habits of sorting rubbish.
Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空
guess，wear，forget，believe，belong，copy
Our school students will ________ traditional clothes to experience Sichuan Opera next weekend.
I didn't know the word's meaning，so I had to ________．
—Whose volleyball is this
—It must ________ to Carla.She loves playing volleyball.
It's wrong to ________ other students' homework.You should do it by yourself.
I have a memory like an elephant and I never ________ anything.
It's hard to ________ a tree can develop from such a small seed(种子).
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
自从看过视频后，我不再和爸爸顶嘴。
Ever since I watched the video，I haven't ________ ________ ________ my dad anymore.
今天下午我想要顺便拜访我朋友的家。
I want to ________ ________ my friend's home this afternoon.
所有的小事情可以加在一起变成大事情。
All small things can ________ ________ and become big things.
熬夜加班不一定就能让你获得成功，还是健康最重要。
________ ________ ________ for extra work doesn't always lead you to success.Health comes first.
到达火车站前，你要确保带了身份证。
Please ________ ________ to take your ID card before arriving at the train station.
杰克很棒，他没有让他的教练失望。
Jack was great and he didn't ________ his coach ________．
Ⅳ.短文填空
A
(2025唐山二模)
Have you heard of wallball？Wallball is a simple sport 1.________(play).You only need a ball and a wall，so you can play anywhere at any time.
As the name 2.________(show)，wallball is about hitting a small ball against a wall.To do this，keep your hand open and use your palm(手掌) to hit it.Usually，gloves are needed，but you can choose not to wear them.You can use either of your hands 3.________(hit) the ball.
Two players take turns to hit the ball.One player bounces(弹起) the ball and hits it against the wall.Then the other player hits it back to the wall.If a player fails to hit the ball to the wall before it bounces twice，this player 4.________(lose) one point.
The player that reaches 11，15 or 21 points first 5.________(win) the game.Before starting，make sure how many points you want to reach.If you win two games first，you'll win the match.But if the game score is 1：1，one more game is often played.
“Last month，we 6.________(have) several matches against other schools.Every match was more exciting than I 7.________(think) and I was the first to win two games.I can't wait 8.________ the next year's match！It 9.________(make) me crazy，”said James，a wallball lover from the UK.
More and more people today become interested in wallball.Some clubs have built colorful courts(球场).However，you can certainly set 10.________ your own court at home.If you like wallball，get started.
B
(2025邯郸一模)
Liu Wenwen had yet another big moment at this year's graduation(毕业) from Shanghai Conservatory of Music.She 1.________(become) China's first PhD(博士) in the suona.Her journey to that achievement was hard but well worth it.
Liu was，in fact，destined (命中注定的) to pick 2.________ the suona because nearly everyone in her family 3.________(play) this instrument.In primary school，Liu 4.________(have) to get up at 4：00 a．m.every day to practice the suona in a garden although she was really sleepy.When she 5.________(be) eight，her mother began to take her to bigger cities to learn from well known musicians.They 6.________ take the late train and arrive 7.________ Beijing in the middle of the night.To save money，they would rest in the underpasses(地下通道) till it was time for her lesson the next morning.
Things got better from the second year of middle school.Liu finally had a regular teacher.The famous suona player Liu Ying taught her for free until she 8.________(enter) Shanghai Conservatory of Music.It was not the most popular instrument among her peers(同龄人)，but she was proud to play it.
Liu 9.________(perform) at many big events so far.One of the most memorable was when she played with the famous composer Tan Dun in Australia.She played the most famous suona piece A Hundred Birds Paying Homage to the Phoenix，and wowed(使喝彩) the Sydney Opera House with cheerful bird like sounds.
Those sounds deserve 10.________(hear) by more people.For that goal，Liu has experimented with many new ways to mix suona art with modern music.
【详解答案】
专项八　动词和动词短语
河北中考·真题体验
Ⅰ.1.for　2.up　3.for　4.up　5.on
6．up
Ⅱ.1.can't　2.can　3.must　4.Can
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一：
针对训练
1．separate　2.drop　3.create　4.believe
5．afford　6.enters　7.waste　8.rose
考点二：
针对训练
1．looks　2.turned　3.get　4.remains
5．tasted　6.sounds
考点三：
针对训练
1．Does；like　2.was doing　3.has lived
4．have been
考点四：
针对训练
1．must　2.must；needn't　3.should
4．can't　5.can　6.would　7.couldn't
8．have to
考点五：
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.off　2.up　3.on　4.out　5.for
6．with
Ⅱ.1.pull together　2.show；around
3．looking forward to　4.looks up
5．fell off　6.played the role of
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.moved　2.sounds　3.reading
4．developed
Ⅱ.1.wear　2.guess　3.belong　4.copy
5．forget　6.believe
Ⅲ.1.talked back to　2.drop by　3.add up
4．Staying up late　5.make sure
6．let；down
Ⅳ.
A
1．to play　2.shows　3.to hit　4.will lose
5．wins　6.had　7.thought　8.for
9．makes　10.up
B
1．became　2.up　3.plays　4.had　5.was
6．would　7.in　8.entered
9．has performed　10.to be heard/hearing