专项九 动词的时态和语态 学案（含答案）2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习
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| 名称 | 专项九 动词的时态和语态 学案（含答案）2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习 |
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专项九 动词的时态和语态
河北中考考情分析
分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出，动词的时态和语态是河北中考的必考点。中考一般考查六种时态，现在完成时为高频考点，而一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和过去进行时为常考点。语态主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。此外，短文填空是对动词的时态和语态进行重点考查的题型，预计2026年河北中考可能会在短文填空中考查动词的时态和语态。近六年考查频次：时态6年27考，语态6年6考。
用所给词的正确形式填空
(2025河北)Jim and I went camping with our parents.There we ________(teach) my pet cat how to clap(拍) with his feet.
(2025河北)I am sure it ________(make) a big difference in your future life.
(2025河北)With pieces of paper in it，the jug ________(call) “Good Things Jug”．
(2024河北改编)Jenny is an early bird.She ________(get) up at 6：00 in the morning.
(2024河北改编)I'm expecting a friend.I'm afraid I ________(order) later.
(2024河北改编)Emma got excited when her writing ________(read) as a model in class.
(2024河北改编)Alex ________(study) tea culture since he came to China in 2010.
(2023河北改编)I ________(go) ice skating this Sunday.Do you want to come
(2023河北改编)This book must be great.My sister ________(read) it five times.
(2023河北改编)Some students ________(play) Taiji over there.Let's go and join them.
(2023河北改编)Breakfast ________(provide) every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
(2022河北改编)John is waiting for me.We ________(go) to the bookstore together.
(2022河北改编)At this time yesterday，I ________(take) a science exam here.
(2022河北改编)Sorry，I ________(make) a mistake.Let me correct it.
(2021河北改编)I saw Bob in the garden.He ________(water) flowers there.
(2021河北改编)You can borrow this film—surely you ________(enjoy) watching it.
(2021河北改编)These gifts ________(make) by children in their last summer holidays.
(2021河北改编)William ________(write) six books，and all of them are bestsellers.
考点一 动词的时态
一般现在时
用法 1.现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作 2．目前的状态 3．客观真理
构成 1.主语＋动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式＋其他 2．主语＋am/is/are＋表语
常用时间状语 often，always，sometimes，usually，never，every day，on Sundays，twice a year等
示例 We have four lessons in the morning.我们上午有四节课。 Guangzhou is about 2，313 kilometers away from Beijing.广州离北京约2 313千米远。 The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
一般过去时
用法 1.过去发生的动作 2．过去存在的状态
构成 1.主语＋动词过去式＋其他 2．主语＋was/were＋表语
常用时间状语 yesterday，three months ago，last week/year，in 1978，in the past，the other day，at that time，just now等
示例 Han Meimei was in the classroom a moment ago.韩梅梅刚才在教室里。 When did you meet him？你什么时候见到他的？
一般将来时
用法 1.将来发生的动作 2．将来存在的状态
构成 1.主语＋助动词will/shall＋动词原形 2．主语＋am/is/are going to＋动词原形
常用时间状语 tomorrow，next week，in two hours，in the future等
示例 They will/are going to meet outside the school gate tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午将在校门外见面。 If he comes back，I'll tell him about it.如果他回来，我会把这件事告诉他的。
现在进行时
用法 说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作
构成 主语＋am/is/are＋v. ing
常用时间状语 now，look，listen，while/as＋从句等
示例 Kate's parents are working in Canada now.凯特的父母现在正在加拿大工作。 Look！The child is playing in the street.看！这个孩子正在街上玩耍。
过去进行时
用法 过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作
构成 主语＋was/were＋v. ing
常用时间状语 at four yesterday afternoon，this time yesterday，when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句等
示例 He was mending his bike at ten o'clock yesterday.昨天10点他正在修理他的自行车。 The twins were sweeping the floor when the teacher came in.当老师进来时，这对双胞胎正在扫地。
现在完成时
用法 1.到现在为止已经完成的动作，但对现在还有影响 2．从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，并且还可能延续下去
构成 主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词
常用时间状语 already，ever，just，yet，before，these years，since 1976，for thirty years等
示例 I have never heard of that before.我以前从来没听说过那件事。 I have been very busy recently.我最近一直很忙。 Has the postman come yet？邮递员来了吗？
【注意】六种常用时态中应特别注意的用法要点：
(1)有些动词没有进行时态：因为进行时态只表示具体的动作过程，不表示状态，因此，表示静止状态的动词be、have、seem等通常不用进行时态。表示感觉、认识或情感的动词，如see、hear、find、understand、know、hope、want、think、like、love等，一般也没有进行时态。例如：
I saw black clouds covering the sky.我看见乌云遮住了天空。(不用I was seeing)
Do you have any money with you？你身上带钱了吗？(不用Are you having)
(2)用进行时表示将来发生的动作：有少数动词可以用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作，用过去进行时表示在过去预料即将发生的动作，这些动词是指从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置的过渡性的动态动词，如go、come、leave、arrive、return、start、begin等。例如：
My brother is leaving for Canada next week.我哥哥下周将前往加拿大。
She asked whether Tom was starting the next day.她问汤姆是否第二天就要出发。
(3)延续性动词与非延续性动词：有些动词表示一个延续的状态，叫延续性动词，如live、study、work、be等；有些动词只能表示一个短暂的动作，叫非延续性动词，如come、go、begin、join等。延续性动词可以和表示一段时间或持续状态的短语连用；非延续性动词一般不和表示一段时间或持续状态的短语连用。例如：
他入团三年了。
He has joined the Youth League for three years.(×)
He has joined the Youth League since 2022.(×)
He has been a member of the Youth League for three years.(√)
It is three years since he joined the Youth League.(√)
(4)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去发生的事情，但两者的着重点不同。一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时则强调过去发生的某事对现在造成的影响，主要说明现在的情况。比较下列句子：
Who has opened the door？谁把门打开了？(现在门还开着)
Who opened the door？谁开的门？(指过去，与现在无关，现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明。)
have gone to与have been to的区别：have gone to指“到某地去了，现在还在那里”；have been to表示“去过某地，但现在已离开那里或已经回来”。比较下列句子：
Have you ever been to Tokyo？你去过东京吗？
—Is Lily in Paris？——莉莉在巴黎吗？
—No，she isn't.She has gone to London.——不，她不在。她已经到伦敦去了。
用所给词的正确形式填空
As we know，Beijing，the capital of our country，________(lie) in the north of China.
After the school trip，he was tired.The minute he ________(lie) down on the sofa，he fell asleep.
This term ________(be) over and the summer holiday is coming in two months.
The lights are still on.The Blacks ________(plan) what to take to the party tomorrow in the next room.
—Why didn't you open the door for me，Tom
—I ________(study) for the exam in my bedroom，so I didn't hear the knock.
—Would you care for a cup of Longjing tea？It tastes pretty good.
—I ________(drink) one.Thank you all the same.
—Would you like to go with us in our car
—Thanks.Suzy hasn't come yet.I ________(wait) for her.She'll drive me there.
He ________(ride) home after he had a quick supper in the restaurant near the hospital.
—Can Peter play games with us，Mrs.Hawking
—Wait a minute.He ________(take) a shower.
—My father and I ________(take) a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years.
—Those photos must be your valuable memories.
考点二 动词的语态
被动语态的构成
时态 被动语态 示例
一般现在时 am/is/are＋动词的过去分词 The room is cleaned(by her)every day.房间每天都(由她)打扫。
一般过去时 was/were＋动词的过去分词 My car was stolen last night.我的车昨晚被偷了。
一般将来时 will/shall(第一人称)＋be＋动词的过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week.本周将会种一些树。
现在完成时 have/has been＋动词的过去分词 The task has been finished by them.任务已经被他们完成了。
含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词 Waste paper shou ldn't be thrown here.废纸不应该被扔在这里。
主动语态变被动语态的方法
【注意】主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear、see、watch、notice等)和使役动词(如make、let等)后用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；变为被动语态时，要把动词不定式符号to还原。例如：
hear/see sb.do sth.→sb.be heard/seen to do sth.
make sb.do sth.→sb.be made to do sth.
使用被动语态的情况
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。
Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种植水稻。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。
Smoking isn't allowed in the gas station.加油站里不允许吸烟。
(3)需要强调和突出动作的承受者。
The new machine was invented by a young worker.这台新机器是一个年轻的工人发明的。
(4)句子的主语是物。
Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
主动结构表示被动意义的情况
(1)当open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词，且它们的主语为物时，可用主动结构表示被动意义。
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
(2)look、sound、taste、smell等感官动词用主动结构表示被动意义。
Mooncakes taste very delicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。
(3)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
(4)“want/need/require＋doing”相当于“want/need/require＋to be done”，to be done为动词不定式的被动结构。
Your car needs washing.＝Your car needs to be washed.你的汽车需要清洗了。
用所给词的正确形式填空
Today，Yingge Dance ________(think) of as an important cultural treasure in our country.
Zhu Ting says she will return to her motherland whenever she ________(need).
The difficult problem ________(solve) by the experienced teacher in the class yesterday.
The new kind of mobile phone you are crazy about ________(sell) out the other day.
A new bridge ________(build) soon，which is hoped to make travel easier for villagers in the area.
As soon as the school leaders arrive，the guests ________(show) around the new buildings.
To learn English well，students should ________(encourage) to speak English as much as possible.
He hardly listened or tried hard in class.Talking was so much fun.He wanted to ________(hear) rather than listen.
Dr.Morris was busy the whole day.The last operation(手术) ________(not finish) until half past eight.
—Can you sing this English song
—Of course，I can.It ________(teach) many times on the radio.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
The detective has caught the thief who ________(steal) the rich man's necklace last week.
Be quiet！I ________(discuss) the details of the fashion show with Tony on the phone.
Math is so difficult！So far，I ________(finish) doing many things to improve my math grade.
I am sure he ________(praise) for doing such a great job.Time can prove my words.
On December 4，2024，the Chinese Spring Festival ________(add) to the UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH) list successfully.
The falling birth rate in the world has become a big problem that needs to ________(deal) with as quickly as possible.
Many parents think going to school must be put first，so teenagers shouldn't ________(encourage) to work part time.
You ________(expect) to be more organized in high school.So you can keep a diary.
—Jim isn't in the classroom.Where is he now
—He ________(go) to the library.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
去年夏天，我沿着古老的丝绸之路去旅行了一趟。
Last summer，I ________ ________ ________ along the ancient Silk Road.
如果我们阅读来自不同文化的故事，我们就会更好地了解世界。
If we read stories from different cultures，we ________ ________ the world better.
昨天我到家时，妈妈正在为我们下周的旅行做准备。
Yesterday when I got home，my mother ________ ________ ________ our trip next week.
社交媒体已成为一种沟通和信息共享的强大工具。
Social media ________ ________ a powerful tool for communication and information sharing.
为了改善学生的健康状况，学校鼓励他们参加不同种类的体育活动。
To improve students' health，they ________ ________ ________ join in different kinds of sports.
昨天我们学校邀请一位专家做了一场关于历史的讲座。
An expert ________ ________ by our school to give a speech on history yesterday.
为了使教室干净整洁，这些垃圾应该被扔掉。
To keep the classroom clean and tidy，the rubbish should ________ ________ ________．
这项科技应该在我们的日常生活中被很好地利用。
The technology should ________ ________ ________ in our daily life.
Ⅲ.短文填空
A
(2025廊坊二模改编)
Hi there，I'm Lin Xin！I'm a 16 year old boy from China.Different from many boys of my age，my life is busy.I 1.________(spend) time in improving myself.I practice the erhu every weekend.
I like traditional Chinese instruments.And this is my ninth year of playing the erhu.Learning the skill 2.________(help) me become a hard working person.As the saying 3.________(go)，“No pain，no gain.” I practice it hard every day and now I'm one of the best players in my country.Last year，I 4.________(perform) in Japan.I was famous for playing Moonlit River in Spring.
I 5.________(visit) more than 10 countries so far.My shows 6.________(welcome) by many people.I hope more foreigners can learn about Chinese culture through music.
Now I 7.________(prepare) for some online lessons and shows.Do you know why I 8.________(do) this？Because I want to share my love of the erhu and Chinese music with young people all over the world.My dream is to be the most famous erhu player.I believe I 9.________(achieve) my dream in the future.Do you think so
B
Shan Hai Jing，also known as The Classic of Mountains and Rivers，is said to be at least 2，200 years old.It is about creatures and geography of China before the Qin Dynasty.The whole collection 1.________(include) eighteen parts，talking about more than 550 mountains and 300 rivers.It also 2.________(tell) many interesting stories and describes lots of mythical creatures.A famous story in the book is about Zhu Rong，the God of Fire.He 3.________(describe) as having a beastlike body and a human face，riding around the sky on two dragons.When he 4.________(fight) with Gong Gong，the God of Water，Zhu Rong won.But after the fight，the human world came into complete darkness.Then he 5.________(bring) fire from heaven to the world and taught humans how to use it.
The book 6.________(inspire) many people like Lu Xun and J．K.Rowling.There are also many books，films，games and artworks made from it.Although it's not clear who wrote it，Shan Hai Jing is an important ancient book in the pre Qin period of China and 7.________(consider) one of the treasures of Chinese culture.The stories in the book are now being 8.________(spread) widely from one generation to another in China.So for your next book，why not choose Shan Hai Jing？It may surprise you.
【详解答案】
专项九 动词的时态和语态
河北中考·真题体验
1．taught 2.will make 3.is called
4．gets 5.will order 6.was read
7．has studied 8.will go 9.has read
10．are playing 11.is provided
12．will go 13.was taking 14.have made
15．was watering 16.will enjoy
17．were made 18.has written
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一：
针对训练
1．lies 2.lay 3.will be 4.are planning
5．was studying 6.have drunk
7．am waiting 8.rode 9.is taking
10．have taken
考点二：
针对训练
1．is thought 2.is needed 3.was solved
4．was sold 5.will be built
6．will be shown 7.be encouraged
8．be heard 9.wasn't finished
10．has been taught
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.stole 2.am discussing
3．have finished 4.will be praised
5．was added 6.be dealt 7.be encouraged
8．are expected 9.has gone
Ⅱ.1.took a trip 2.will know/understand
3．was preparing for 4.has become/been
5．are encouraged to 6.was invited
7．be thrown away 8.be well used
Ⅲ.
A
1．spend 2.helps 3.goes 4.performed
5．have visited 6.are/have been welcomed
7．am preparing 8.am doing
9．will achieve
B
1．includes 2.tells 3.is described
4．fought 5.brought 6.has inspired
7．considered 8.spread
河北中考考情分析
分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出，动词的时态和语态是河北中考的必考点。中考一般考查六种时态，现在完成时为高频考点，而一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和过去进行时为常考点。语态主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。此外，短文填空是对动词的时态和语态进行重点考查的题型，预计2026年河北中考可能会在短文填空中考查动词的时态和语态。近六年考查频次：时态6年27考，语态6年6考。
用所给词的正确形式填空
(2025河北)Jim and I went camping with our parents.There we ________(teach) my pet cat how to clap(拍) with his feet.
(2025河北)I am sure it ________(make) a big difference in your future life.
(2025河北)With pieces of paper in it，the jug ________(call) “Good Things Jug”．
(2024河北改编)Jenny is an early bird.She ________(get) up at 6：00 in the morning.
(2024河北改编)I'm expecting a friend.I'm afraid I ________(order) later.
(2024河北改编)Emma got excited when her writing ________(read) as a model in class.
(2024河北改编)Alex ________(study) tea culture since he came to China in 2010.
(2023河北改编)I ________(go) ice skating this Sunday.Do you want to come
(2023河北改编)This book must be great.My sister ________(read) it five times.
(2023河北改编)Some students ________(play) Taiji over there.Let's go and join them.
(2023河北改编)Breakfast ________(provide) every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
(2022河北改编)John is waiting for me.We ________(go) to the bookstore together.
(2022河北改编)At this time yesterday，I ________(take) a science exam here.
(2022河北改编)Sorry，I ________(make) a mistake.Let me correct it.
(2021河北改编)I saw Bob in the garden.He ________(water) flowers there.
(2021河北改编)You can borrow this film—surely you ________(enjoy) watching it.
(2021河北改编)These gifts ________(make) by children in their last summer holidays.
(2021河北改编)William ________(write) six books，and all of them are bestsellers.
考点一 动词的时态
一般现在时
用法 1.现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作 2．目前的状态 3．客观真理
构成 1.主语＋动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式＋其他 2．主语＋am/is/are＋表语
常用时间状语 often，always，sometimes，usually，never，every day，on Sundays，twice a year等
示例 We have four lessons in the morning.我们上午有四节课。 Guangzhou is about 2，313 kilometers away from Beijing.广州离北京约2 313千米远。 The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
一般过去时
用法 1.过去发生的动作 2．过去存在的状态
构成 1.主语＋动词过去式＋其他 2．主语＋was/were＋表语
常用时间状语 yesterday，three months ago，last week/year，in 1978，in the past，the other day，at that time，just now等
示例 Han Meimei was in the classroom a moment ago.韩梅梅刚才在教室里。 When did you meet him？你什么时候见到他的？
一般将来时
用法 1.将来发生的动作 2．将来存在的状态
构成 1.主语＋助动词will/shall＋动词原形 2．主语＋am/is/are going to＋动词原形
常用时间状语 tomorrow，next week，in two hours，in the future等
示例 They will/are going to meet outside the school gate tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午将在校门外见面。 If he comes back，I'll tell him about it.如果他回来，我会把这件事告诉他的。
现在进行时
用法 说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作
构成 主语＋am/is/are＋v. ing
常用时间状语 now，look，listen，while/as＋从句等
示例 Kate's parents are working in Canada now.凯特的父母现在正在加拿大工作。 Look！The child is playing in the street.看！这个孩子正在街上玩耍。
过去进行时
用法 过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作
构成 主语＋was/were＋v. ing
常用时间状语 at four yesterday afternoon，this time yesterday，when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句等
示例 He was mending his bike at ten o'clock yesterday.昨天10点他正在修理他的自行车。 The twins were sweeping the floor when the teacher came in.当老师进来时，这对双胞胎正在扫地。
现在完成时
用法 1.到现在为止已经完成的动作，但对现在还有影响 2．从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，并且还可能延续下去
构成 主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词
常用时间状语 already，ever，just，yet，before，these years，since 1976，for thirty years等
示例 I have never heard of that before.我以前从来没听说过那件事。 I have been very busy recently.我最近一直很忙。 Has the postman come yet？邮递员来了吗？
【注意】六种常用时态中应特别注意的用法要点：
(1)有些动词没有进行时态：因为进行时态只表示具体的动作过程，不表示状态，因此，表示静止状态的动词be、have、seem等通常不用进行时态。表示感觉、认识或情感的动词，如see、hear、find、understand、know、hope、want、think、like、love等，一般也没有进行时态。例如：
I saw black clouds covering the sky.我看见乌云遮住了天空。(不用I was seeing)
Do you have any money with you？你身上带钱了吗？(不用Are you having)
(2)用进行时表示将来发生的动作：有少数动词可以用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作，用过去进行时表示在过去预料即将发生的动作，这些动词是指从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置的过渡性的动态动词，如go、come、leave、arrive、return、start、begin等。例如：
My brother is leaving for Canada next week.我哥哥下周将前往加拿大。
She asked whether Tom was starting the next day.她问汤姆是否第二天就要出发。
(3)延续性动词与非延续性动词：有些动词表示一个延续的状态，叫延续性动词，如live、study、work、be等；有些动词只能表示一个短暂的动作，叫非延续性动词，如come、go、begin、join等。延续性动词可以和表示一段时间或持续状态的短语连用；非延续性动词一般不和表示一段时间或持续状态的短语连用。例如：
他入团三年了。
He has joined the Youth League for three years.(×)
He has joined the Youth League since 2022.(×)
He has been a member of the Youth League for three years.(√)
It is three years since he joined the Youth League.(√)
(4)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去发生的事情，但两者的着重点不同。一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时则强调过去发生的某事对现在造成的影响，主要说明现在的情况。比较下列句子：
Who has opened the door？谁把门打开了？(现在门还开着)
Who opened the door？谁开的门？(指过去，与现在无关，现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明。)
have gone to与have been to的区别：have gone to指“到某地去了，现在还在那里”；have been to表示“去过某地，但现在已离开那里或已经回来”。比较下列句子：
Have you ever been to Tokyo？你去过东京吗？
—Is Lily in Paris？——莉莉在巴黎吗？
—No，she isn't.She has gone to London.——不，她不在。她已经到伦敦去了。
用所给词的正确形式填空
As we know，Beijing，the capital of our country，________(lie) in the north of China.
After the school trip，he was tired.The minute he ________(lie) down on the sofa，he fell asleep.
This term ________(be) over and the summer holiday is coming in two months.
The lights are still on.The Blacks ________(plan) what to take to the party tomorrow in the next room.
—Why didn't you open the door for me，Tom
—I ________(study) for the exam in my bedroom，so I didn't hear the knock.
—Would you care for a cup of Longjing tea？It tastes pretty good.
—I ________(drink) one.Thank you all the same.
—Would you like to go with us in our car
—Thanks.Suzy hasn't come yet.I ________(wait) for her.She'll drive me there.
He ________(ride) home after he had a quick supper in the restaurant near the hospital.
—Can Peter play games with us，Mrs.Hawking
—Wait a minute.He ________(take) a shower.
—My father and I ________(take) a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years.
—Those photos must be your valuable memories.
考点二 动词的语态
被动语态的构成
时态 被动语态 示例
一般现在时 am/is/are＋动词的过去分词 The room is cleaned(by her)every day.房间每天都(由她)打扫。
一般过去时 was/were＋动词的过去分词 My car was stolen last night.我的车昨晚被偷了。
一般将来时 will/shall(第一人称)＋be＋动词的过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week.本周将会种一些树。
现在完成时 have/has been＋动词的过去分词 The task has been finished by them.任务已经被他们完成了。
含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词 Waste paper shou ldn't be thrown here.废纸不应该被扔在这里。
主动语态变被动语态的方法
【注意】主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear、see、watch、notice等)和使役动词(如make、let等)后用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；变为被动语态时，要把动词不定式符号to还原。例如：
hear/see sb.do sth.→sb.be heard/seen to do sth.
make sb.do sth.→sb.be made to do sth.
使用被动语态的情况
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。
Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种植水稻。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。
Smoking isn't allowed in the gas station.加油站里不允许吸烟。
(3)需要强调和突出动作的承受者。
The new machine was invented by a young worker.这台新机器是一个年轻的工人发明的。
(4)句子的主语是物。
Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
主动结构表示被动意义的情况
(1)当open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词，且它们的主语为物时，可用主动结构表示被动意义。
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
(2)look、sound、taste、smell等感官动词用主动结构表示被动意义。
Mooncakes taste very delicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。
(3)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
(4)“want/need/require＋doing”相当于“want/need/require＋to be done”，to be done为动词不定式的被动结构。
Your car needs washing.＝Your car needs to be washed.你的汽车需要清洗了。
用所给词的正确形式填空
Today，Yingge Dance ________(think) of as an important cultural treasure in our country.
Zhu Ting says she will return to her motherland whenever she ________(need).
The difficult problem ________(solve) by the experienced teacher in the class yesterday.
The new kind of mobile phone you are crazy about ________(sell) out the other day.
A new bridge ________(build) soon，which is hoped to make travel easier for villagers in the area.
As soon as the school leaders arrive，the guests ________(show) around the new buildings.
To learn English well，students should ________(encourage) to speak English as much as possible.
He hardly listened or tried hard in class.Talking was so much fun.He wanted to ________(hear) rather than listen.
Dr.Morris was busy the whole day.The last operation(手术) ________(not finish) until half past eight.
—Can you sing this English song
—Of course，I can.It ________(teach) many times on the radio.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
The detective has caught the thief who ________(steal) the rich man's necklace last week.
Be quiet！I ________(discuss) the details of the fashion show with Tony on the phone.
Math is so difficult！So far，I ________(finish) doing many things to improve my math grade.
I am sure he ________(praise) for doing such a great job.Time can prove my words.
On December 4，2024，the Chinese Spring Festival ________(add) to the UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH) list successfully.
The falling birth rate in the world has become a big problem that needs to ________(deal) with as quickly as possible.
Many parents think going to school must be put first，so teenagers shouldn't ________(encourage) to work part time.
You ________(expect) to be more organized in high school.So you can keep a diary.
—Jim isn't in the classroom.Where is he now
—He ________(go) to the library.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
去年夏天，我沿着古老的丝绸之路去旅行了一趟。
Last summer，I ________ ________ ________ along the ancient Silk Road.
如果我们阅读来自不同文化的故事，我们就会更好地了解世界。
If we read stories from different cultures，we ________ ________ the world better.
昨天我到家时，妈妈正在为我们下周的旅行做准备。
Yesterday when I got home，my mother ________ ________ ________ our trip next week.
社交媒体已成为一种沟通和信息共享的强大工具。
Social media ________ ________ a powerful tool for communication and information sharing.
为了改善学生的健康状况，学校鼓励他们参加不同种类的体育活动。
To improve students' health，they ________ ________ ________ join in different kinds of sports.
昨天我们学校邀请一位专家做了一场关于历史的讲座。
An expert ________ ________ by our school to give a speech on history yesterday.
为了使教室干净整洁，这些垃圾应该被扔掉。
To keep the classroom clean and tidy，the rubbish should ________ ________ ________．
这项科技应该在我们的日常生活中被很好地利用。
The technology should ________ ________ ________ in our daily life.
Ⅲ.短文填空
A
(2025廊坊二模改编)
Hi there，I'm Lin Xin！I'm a 16 year old boy from China.Different from many boys of my age，my life is busy.I 1.________(spend) time in improving myself.I practice the erhu every weekend.
I like traditional Chinese instruments.And this is my ninth year of playing the erhu.Learning the skill 2.________(help) me become a hard working person.As the saying 3.________(go)，“No pain，no gain.” I practice it hard every day and now I'm one of the best players in my country.Last year，I 4.________(perform) in Japan.I was famous for playing Moonlit River in Spring.
I 5.________(visit) more than 10 countries so far.My shows 6.________(welcome) by many people.I hope more foreigners can learn about Chinese culture through music.
Now I 7.________(prepare) for some online lessons and shows.Do you know why I 8.________(do) this？Because I want to share my love of the erhu and Chinese music with young people all over the world.My dream is to be the most famous erhu player.I believe I 9.________(achieve) my dream in the future.Do you think so
B
Shan Hai Jing，also known as The Classic of Mountains and Rivers，is said to be at least 2，200 years old.It is about creatures and geography of China before the Qin Dynasty.The whole collection 1.________(include) eighteen parts，talking about more than 550 mountains and 300 rivers.It also 2.________(tell) many interesting stories and describes lots of mythical creatures.A famous story in the book is about Zhu Rong，the God of Fire.He 3.________(describe) as having a beastlike body and a human face，riding around the sky on two dragons.When he 4.________(fight) with Gong Gong，the God of Water，Zhu Rong won.But after the fight，the human world came into complete darkness.Then he 5.________(bring) fire from heaven to the world and taught humans how to use it.
The book 6.________(inspire) many people like Lu Xun and J．K.Rowling.There are also many books，films，games and artworks made from it.Although it's not clear who wrote it，Shan Hai Jing is an important ancient book in the pre Qin period of China and 7.________(consider) one of the treasures of Chinese culture.The stories in the book are now being 8.________(spread) widely from one generation to another in China.So for your next book，why not choose Shan Hai Jing？It may surprise you.
【详解答案】
专项九 动词的时态和语态
河北中考·真题体验
1．taught 2.will make 3.is called
4．gets 5.will order 6.was read
7．has studied 8.will go 9.has read
10．are playing 11.is provided
12．will go 13.was taking 14.have made
15．was watering 16.will enjoy
17．were made 18.has written
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一：
针对训练
1．lies 2.lay 3.will be 4.are planning
5．was studying 6.have drunk
7．am waiting 8.rode 9.is taking
10．have taken
考点二：
针对训练
1．is thought 2.is needed 3.was solved
4．was sold 5.will be built
6．will be shown 7.be encouraged
8．be heard 9.wasn't finished
10．has been taught
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.stole 2.am discussing
3．have finished 4.will be praised
5．was added 6.be dealt 7.be encouraged
8．are expected 9.has gone
Ⅱ.1.took a trip 2.will know/understand
3．was preparing for 4.has become/been
5．are encouraged to 6.was invited
7．be thrown away 8.be well used
Ⅲ.
A
1．spend 2.helps 3.goes 4.performed
5．have visited 6.are/have been welcomed
7．am preparing 8.am doing
9．will achieve
B
1．includes 2.tells 3.is described
4．fought 5.brought 6.has inspired
7．considered 8.spread