专项十一 构词法 学案（含答案）2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项十一　构词法
河北中考考情分析
构词法虽然在河北中考中不是直接的考点，但是在完形填空、短文填空等试题中也会经常出现。在平时学习时应了解常见的构词法，注意积累同根词之间词性和意义的区别，并识记常见的一些词加前缀和后缀之后的词性变化及含义。近六年的考查频次：派生，合成，转化6年6考。
用所给词的正确形式填空
(2025河北)Some of the things are ________(interest)，some are serious，and some just give hope.
(2025河北)I'm so ________(thank) to my parents for their love.It's the best thing on earth!
(2024河北)Some boys and girls were playing ________(happy) on the playground.
(2022河北)She is a warm and ________(friend) person.
(2021河北)They're very ________(love).
考点　构词法
一、合成法
类型 示例
复合名词 bedroom卧室，newspaper报纸，breakfast早餐，blackboard黑板，grandfather(外)祖父，playground操场，bathroom浴室，typewriter打字机，overcoat长大衣，afternoon下午，handwriting书法，story telling讲故事，daybreak破晓，sunrise日出，outbreak爆发，downpour倾盆大雨
复合形容词 worldwide全世界的，homesick想家的，handmade手工制作的，kind hearted热心肠的，easy going随和的，good looking好看的，hard working勤勉的，well known著名的，newly built新建的
复合动词 overcome克服，underline画线，oversleep睡过头，sleepwalk梦游
复合副词 upstairs在楼上，indoors在室内，outdoors在室外，however无论如何
复合代词 anything任何事物，everybody每个人
二、派生法
常考前缀
(1)表示否定
前缀 意义 示例
un 不；非 unlucky不幸运的，unhappy不高兴的，unnecessary不必要的，unusual不同寻常的，unimportant不重要的，unhappily不高兴地，unfortunately不幸地
im impossible不可能的，impolite不礼貌的，impatient没有耐心的
in incorrect不正确的，informal非正式的，independent独立的
ir irregular不规则的，irresponsible不负责任的
il illegal非法的
non non stop直达的， non smoker不吸烟者
dis 相反 disappear消失，dislike不喜欢，disagree不同意，dishonest不诚实的，disagreement分歧
mis 错误；坏的 misfortune不幸，misunderstand误解，misspell拼错
(2)表示程度或大小
前缀 意义 示例
super 超级 supermarket超市，superpower超级大国，superman超人
mini 小的；短的 minibus小型公共汽车， miniskirt超短裙
(3)其他前缀
前缀 意义 示例
a 处于……状 态或过程中 asleep睡着的，awake醒着的，alive活着的，aside在旁边
anti 反对 antiwar反对战争的
auto 自动的 automobile汽车
en 使…… enlarge扩大，enrich使丰富
fore 在……之前 forehead前额，foretell预言
inter 之间的 international国际的， Internet互联网
kilo 千 kilometer千米， kilogram千克
mid 在中间 midnight半夜，midair半空中
pre 在……之前 preview预演，prepay预付
re 重新，再次 retell复述，review复习， rewrite重写，rebuild重建
tele 远程的 telephone电话， telegram电报
vice 副的 vice president副总统， vice chairman副主席
常考后缀
(1)名词后缀
后缀 意义 示例
er 从事某种职业的人 player运动员，teacher教师，driver司机，worker工人
or actor演员，director导演， inventor发明家
ess 指女性 actress女演员，hostess女主人
ese 指民族、语言 Chinese中国人，汉语；Japanese日本人，日语
ian 指人 Australian澳大利亚人，Italian意大利人，Indian印度人
ist artist艺术家，pianist钢琴家，novelist小说家，scientist科学家，physicist物理学家
ment ……的行为(或结果) movement运动，agreement同意，announcement通告
ion 状态、行为、机构等 action行动，invention发明，pollution污染
ation invitation邀请，operation手术，foundation基金会，organization组织
ship 情况、状态等 friendship友谊，leadership领导，relationship关系
hood 状态、性质等 childhood童年，幼年； neighborhood街区，所在地
ing 活动、状态 feeling感觉，dancing舞蹈，meeting会议
ness 状态、特点等 happiness幸福，darkness黑暗，illness疾病
ance 性质、状况等 performance表演， appearance出现
dom 领域、状况等 freedom自由，wisdom智慧，kingdom王国
al 过程、状态等 arrival到达，refusal拒绝
(2)形容词后缀
后缀 意义 示例
ful 充满……的；具有 useful有用的，careful仔细的，helpful有帮助的
less 没有，无 careless粗心的，meaningless无意义的，harmless无害的
ly 具有……性质；每隔……时间 lovely可爱的，friendly友好的，monthly每月的，weekly每周的
y 有……特性的 healthy健康的，noisy吵闹的，rainy多雨的，lucky幸运的，thirsty渴的，sleepy困倦的，cloudy多云的，windy有风的
ish 稍有……的；有……性质的 foolish愚蠢的，childish孩子气的
able 能……的；具有……性质的 comfortable舒适的，enjoyable愉快的，changeable易变的
ible horrible可怕的，terrible糟糕的
ed 状况、心情等 interested感兴趣的，excited感到兴奋的，surprised感到惊讶的，tired疲倦的，pleased高兴的
ing 描述事物本身所具有的属性特征 interesting有趣的，exciting令人兴奋的，moving动人的
al 与……有关的 natural自然的，personal个人的，musical音乐的
ic ……的 electric电的，scientific科学的，plastic塑料的
ical medical医学的，chemical化学的，historical历史的
en 表示材料 wooden木制的，golden金的，woolen羊毛的
ern 表示方位 eastern东方的，southern南方的，western西方的
ous 表示特点 famous著名的，dangerous危险的
ive active积极的，expensive昂贵的，attractive吸引人的
(3)副词后缀
后缀 意义 示例
ly 以……方式 happily高兴地，quickly迅速地，freely自由地，politely有礼貌地
ward(s) 表示方向 northward(s)向北， downward(s)向下， forward(s)向前
三、转化法
词类转化 示例
名词转化为动词 water n．水→v.给……浇水 show n．演出，节目→v.给……看；展示 hand n．手→v.传递 color n．颜色→v.染色 book n．书→v.预订
动词转化为名词 walk v．散步；走→n.散步(take a walk) look v．看→n.看(have a look) stop v．停止→n.车站(bus stop) talk v．谈论→n.谈话(have a talk)
形容词转化为名词 daily adj.日常的→n.日报 final adj.最后(终)的→n.决赛
形容词转化为动词 slow adj.慢的→v.放慢 free adj.空闲的→v.释放 clean adj.干净的→v.清扫 dry adj.干燥的→v.把……弄干
副词转化为动词 down adv.向下→v.使倒下，击倒
用所给词的正确形式填空
My teacher always offers us help ________(patient).
Three Chinese astronauts on the Shenzhou 19 manned spaceship returned to Earth ________(safe) on April 30，2025.
Deng Yaping is my hero because she's one of the best table tennis ________(play) in the world，and I love playing table tennis.
China plans to pay more attention to scientific ________(educate) in its primary and middle schools.
Our teacher often advises us not to play on the street because it's too ________(danger).
Every year many ________(music) come to Vienna to study and work.
—What did you do in class this morning，Sally
—We had a ________(discuss) about Chinese culture.
The players all have ________(confident) in their coach.
World Health Day is used to highlight(强调) the ________(important) of personal health.
I am sure she failed the competition because of the ________(happy) look on her face.
The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “________(possible)”．
It's hard for kangaroos to walk backwards because of the ________(usual) shape of their legs.
If you do something ________(mean)，you will have a bunch of reasons to go through the day full of energy.
To my ________(surprised)，Tina got good grades in her final exam!
My sister has been ________(depend) since she entered the university.She has made all the important decisions by herself.
The sudden ________(appear) of a security guard caused them to drop the money and run away.
I eat fruit and drink milk every day to keep ________(health).
The ________(invent) of the smartphone has already changed the world in many ways.
My trip to the countryside was so ________(enjoy) that I will remember it forever.
We are not sure what caused the young girl's ________(sad).
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
Sometimes brothers or sisters will ________(agree) with each other，but they still care about each other.
In Zhuhai Park，you can enjoy the natural beauty，or ________(simple) breathe the fresh air.
Reading aloud is ________(help) to the students who want to improve their English.
Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China，thousands of ________(tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao.
To our ________(excite)，our school team won the basketball match again this time!
It is necessary for us to have a discussion about the ________(mean) of education.
The ________(compete) never dreamed of having a chance for himself to win first prize in the 100 meter race.
Poor little girl！It is ________(fair) for her to suffer so much.Let's give her a hand.
Qi Baishi，a famous Chinese calligrapher and painter，was regarded as “the people's ________(art)”．
It is not surprising that dogs can express themselves ________(clear) and honestly.
Three quarters of ________(America) say they save money for travel more than any other event.
The bicycle sharing system may help reduce air ________(pollute) in big cities.
Having worked for several days，they'll ________(probable) finish the project tomorrow.
If we don't take action to protect the forests，they will soon ________(appear).
He's been very ________(lucky)；no chances have fallen to him.
Ⅱ.短文填空
A
Reading is a 1.________(real) wonderful habit that brings lots of benefits.It makes us knowledgeable and 2.________(create)，and helps us understand the world better.A good book is like a 3.________(help) friend，guiding us through happy and difficult times.
When we read，we meet different characters—some are 4.________(cheer) and talkative，while others are quiet but wise.Stories can be 5.________(magic)，taking us to imaginary lands where anything is possible.Even a simple tale can teach us valuable lessons about 6.________(kind) and courage.
However，some students find reading boring because they choose the wrong books.In fact，there are many enjoyable books for 7.________(teenage).From 8.________(fun) comics to exciting adventures，there's something for everyone.Don't miss the chance to explore new worlds through reading!
Reading is not only useful but also 9.________(enjoy).It improves our vocabulary and writing skills，making us more confident learners.So，let's pick up a book today and start this 10.________(amaze) journey!
B
After school，our campus becomes an 1.________(energy) place with various clubs.Last month，I joined the Art Club and the Environmental Club，which made my life more enjoyable and 2.________(meaning).
In the Art Club，we learn to turn simple materials into 3.________(value) artworks.Our teacher often says，“Don't be unconfident—4.________(creative) makes every piece special.” Last week，we held an 5.________(exhibit) of our paintings.Many classmates said our works were admirable！This made me feel a great sense of 6.________(achieve).
The Environmental Club focuses on making our school greener.We plant trees，collect waste paper，and tell students not to be 7.________(care) with resources.Last Friday，we had a 8.________(discuss) about how to reduce plastic use.Everyone shared 9.________(practice) ideas，like using cloth bags instead of plastic ones.It's noticeable that more students now join in our activities.
Joining clubs teaches us teamwork and responsibility.It is not just entertaining but also helps us grow.I believe these experiences will bring improvement to both our skills and 10.________(person).
【详解答案】
专项十一　构词法
河北中考·真题体验
1．interesting　2.thankful　3.happily
4．friendly　5.lovely
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点：
针对训练
1．patiently　2.safely　3.players
4．education　5.dangerous　6.musicians
7．discussion　8.confidence　9.importance
10．unhappy　11.impossible　12.unusual
13．meaningful　14.surprise
15．independent　16.appearance
17．healthy　18.invention　19.enjoyable
20．sadness
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.disagree　2.simply　3.helpful
4．tourists　5.excitement　6.meaning
7．competitor　8.unfair　9.artist
10．clearly　11.Americans　12.pollution
13．probably　14.disappear　15.unlucky
Ⅱ.
A
1．really　2.creative　3.helpful
4．cheerful　5.magical　6.kindness
7．teenagers　8.funny　9.enjoyable
10．amazing
B
1．energetic　2.meaningful　3.valuable
4．creativity　5.exhibition　6.achievement
7．careless　8.discussion　9.practical
10．personalities