专项十二　简单句（含答案） 2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项十二　简单句
河北中考考情分析
课标要求掌握陈述句，疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句)，祈使句，感叹句，以及简单句的五种基本句型。预计2026年河北中考可能会在完形填空和补全对话中考查简单句。近六年考查频次：疑问句6年6考，祈使句6年2考，感叹句6年4考。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
(2022河北改编)________(look) at the sign over there!
Ⅱ.根据句意，填入适当的单词
(2024河北改编)________ wonderful the club is!
(2024河北改编)________ is your hobby
(2022河北改编)________ beautiful the park is!
(2021河北改编)________ a great time we had!
Ⅲ.微语境练对话
(2025河北改编)—Are you feeling better today，Bob
—__________________ I'll go to school this afternoon.
(2025河北改编)—Thank you for the news.
—__________________
(2022河北改编)—Mmm…Delicious.__________________
—It is called zongzi，Tony.It's a traditional food in China.
考点一　陈述句
陈述句的肯定形式
谓语动词不含否定词，分为两种，一种为正常语序，一种为倒装语序。
如：Across the river lies a bridge.河上有座桥。
陈述句的否定形式
(1)如果句子的谓语是be动词或包含be动词、助动词或情态动词，在这些动词之后加not，常用缩略形式。
如：She isn't my friend.她不是我的朋友。
I can't go with you.我不能和你一起去。
I haven't seen the film.我没有看过这部电影。
(2)如果句子的谓语是实义动词，在该动词前要加助动词don't，doesn't，didn't，同时将该动词变为原形。
如：Your car doesn't sound very healthy.你的车听声音好像不太正常。
(3)除not外，也可使用其他否定词构成否定句，如no、never、seldom、hardly、nothing、neither、nobody、few、little、none等。
如：He has never been abroad.他从未出过国。
None of these pens works/work.这些钢笔没有一支能用。
根据汉语意思完成句子
我的父母都是医生。
My parents ________ ________ doctors.
我从来没有去过上海。
I ________ ________ ________ to Shanghai.
汤姆不喜欢弹钢琴。
Tom ________ ________ playing the piano.
考点二　疑问句
一般疑问句
概念 构成形式 示例
用于询问某事是否属实，通常用yes或no来回答 Be＋主语＋其他？ —Is she your sister？——她是你的妹妹吗？ —Yes，she is./No，she isn't.——是的，她是。/不，她不是。
情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？ —Must I finish the report today？——我今天必须完成报告吗？ —Yes，you must./No，you needn't. ——是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
助动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？ —Did Tom go to the zoo？——汤姆去动物园了吗？ —Yes，he did./No，he didn't.——是的，他去了。/不，他没有去。
特殊疑问句
概念 特殊疑问词(组) 含义及用法 示例
用特殊疑问词(组)引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句，回答时不能使用yes或no，而是问什么，答什么 who 意为“谁”，询问身份 Who is the man under the tree？树底下的那个男人是谁？
which 意为“哪一个”，询问特定的人或物 Which book do you like？你喜欢哪一本书？
what 意为“什么”，询问职业或身份等 —What is he ——他是干什么的？ —He's a teacher. ——他是一名教师。
when 意为“什么时候”，询问时间 When did you go to Shanghai last time？你上次去上海是什么时候？
where 意为“哪里”，询问地点 Where is he from？他来自哪里？
why 意为“为什么”，询问原因 Why are you late again？你为什么又迟到了？
how 意为“怎样，如何”，询问方式 How do you go to school？你怎样去上学？
whose 意为“谁的”，询问所属关系 Whose is this？这是谁的？
how far 意为“多远”，询问距离 How far is it from here to your home？从这儿到你家有多远？
how long 意为“多长”，询问物体长度 How long is the desk？这张书桌有多长？
意为“多长时间”，询问时间长短，答语用“for＋一段时间”或“since＋时间点” —How　long have you taught in the school ——你在这所学校教书教了多长时间了？ —For ten years. ——十年了。
how many 意为“多少”，询问数量，后跟可数名词复数 How many books do you have？你有多少本书？
how much 意为“多少”，询问数量，后跟不可数名词 How much water do you need？你需要多少水？
意为“多少钱”，询问价格 How much are these books？这些书多少钱？
how often 意为“多久一次”，询问频率 How often do you go swimming？你多久去游泳一次？
how soon 意为“多久之后”，询问将来的时间，答语用“in＋一段时间” —How soon will you come back ——你多久回来？ —In two days. ——两天之后。
how old 意为“多大”，询问年龄 How old are you？你多大了？
选择疑问句
概念 构成形式 答语 示例
说话人提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况作答的问句叫作选择疑问句，列出的选项之间常用or连接 一般疑问句＋选项A＋or＋选项B？ 选择疑问句不用yes或no回答，而用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答 —Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs？——你想唱中文歌还是英文歌？ —Chinese songs. ——中文歌。
特殊疑问句＋选项A＋or＋选项B？ —Which shirt do you like better，the red one or the blue one ——你更喜欢哪件衬衫，红色的还是蓝色的？ —I like the red one.——我喜欢红色的这件。
从方框中选择合适的疑问词(组)填空
who，which，how much，how old，how，where，what，how far
—________________ sport will you take part in，Peter
—The boys' 800 meter race.
—________________ is it from Lanzhou to Lhasa
—It's about 2，160 kilometers.
—________________ are these bananas
—$3.99.
—________________ are the students in your class
—Most of them are only fourteen.
—________________ shall we meet for the picnic
—At the school gate.
—________________ is Ricky like
—He's humorous.He often tells us funny jokes.
—________________ do you like the Double 11 Shopping Carnival
—I don't like it because my mother often buys a lot of things we don't need.
—May，________________ is the e mail from
—A new friend.His name is Mike and he lives in Newcastle.
考点三　祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形。祈使句的构成见下表：
句式 结构 示例
祈使句的肯定句式 (Please＋)动词原形＋其他 Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他 Let's have another try.让我们再试试。
祈使句的否定句式 (Please＋)don't＋ 动词原形＋其他 Please don't read in the sun.请不要在太阳下读书。
Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他 Let them not swim in the river.让他们不要在河里游泳。
Never＋动词原形＋其他 Never do that again.别再那么做了。
No＋动词 ing形式 No smoking！请勿吸烟！ No parking！请勿停车！
【注意】在常用句式“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中，“祈使句＋and/or”相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。如：
Hurry up，or you will be late.
＝If you don't hurry up，you will be late.
快点儿，否则你会迟到的。
Study hard and you will catch up with others.
＝If you study hard，you will catch up with others.
如果你努力学习，你会赶上其他人的。
祈使句的回答：肯定的祈使句一般用“OK，I will.”回答，否定的祈使句一般用“Sorry，I won't.”回答。如：
—Remember to close the windows before you leave home.——离开家之前记着关窗户。
—OK，I will.——好的，我会的。
—Don't talk in the reading room.——请不要在阅览室讲话。
—Sorry，I won't.——对不起，我不会(再这么做)了。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
Tommy，________(not play) basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car.
________(not wake) up your sister，Ben.She needs a good sleep.
Jack，whatever difficulty you meet in your life，just ________(keep) calm and take one step at a time towards a solution.
________(share) your happiness and sadness with your close friends or your parents，and you will feel much better.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
别忘了在完成写作后仔细检查。
________ ________ to check carefully after writing the composition.
阻止噪声污染，这样我们就可以生活在一个安静的环境中。
________ noise pollution，________ we can live in a quiet environment.
考点四　感叹句
类型 结构 示例
what引导的感叹句 What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What a beautiful flo wer (it is)！多漂亮的一朵花啊！
What＋形容词＋可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What interesting books(they are)！多有趣的书啊！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What fine weather (it is)！多晴朗的天气啊！
What＋主语＋谓语！ What he must have suffered！他一定吃了不少苦头！
how引导的感叹句 How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！ How fine the weather is！多晴朗的天气啊！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ How beautiful a dress(it is)！多漂亮的一条连衣裙啊！
How＋主语＋谓语！ How time flies！时间过得多快啊！
Ⅰ.根据句意，填入适当的单词
________ sad but beautiful music!
What ________ wonderful time it is to have so many beautiful flowers around me!
—________ clean the classroom is!
—So it is.The students clean it every day.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
你看起来脸色多么苍白啊！你感觉还好吗？
________ ________ you look！Are you feeling all right
这是一次多么令人兴奋且难忘的旅行啊！
________ ________ exciting and unforgettable journey it was!
电影里的角色设计多么有创意啊！他们给观众留下了深刻的印象。
________ ________ the character designs in the movie are！They have left a deep impression on the audience.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
In the center of the city ________(be) a big park.
________(not post) anything personal on the Internet.It is dangerous.
How ________(importance) it is for teenagers to learn how to deal with problems in a wise way!Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
一个人只有离开了家乡，才意识到家乡的好。
Only when one is away from home ________ he realize ________ nice his home is.
在世界公园里看到世界上的主要景点是多么美妙的一天啊！
________ ________ ________ day it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park!
你奶奶多久从医院回来？
________ ________ will your grandmother come back from the hospital
在你离开教室之前，确保窗户都关好。
________ ________ the windows are closed before you leave the classroom.
沿着这条街走，你会看到银行在你的右边。
________ ________ this street and you'll see the bank ________ your right.
Ⅲ.短文填空
Last Saturday morning，our class organized a volunteer activity in Green Lake Park.
First，my group 1.________(pick) up litter along the lake.A little girl holding a balloon ran to us and asked，“2.________ are you carrying big garbage bags，brothers and sisters？” Before we could answer，her mom said，“They're making the park cleaner for you to play in.” The girl asked，“Can I 3.________(help) pick up the small paper scraps too？” We handed her a pair of small gloves，and she happily joined us.Later，a visitor passing by asked，“4.________(be) this a regular volunteer activity in the park？” Our teacher replied，“Yes，you're welcome to join us next time！”
After two hours of work，the lake bank was clean.An old grandpa walking his dog stopped and said，“5.________ a lovely group of students you are！”
Before we left，our teacher gathered us and said，“Let's 6.________(take) a photo together to record this meaningful day！”After the photo was taken，she added，“7.________(remember) to tell your family and friends about protecting the environment.Small actions count！” We all nodded firmly.This weekend activity let me know that everyone's effort can bring positive changes.I'm already 8.________(look) forward to the next volunteer day!
【详解答案】
专项十二　简单句
河北中考·真题体验
Ⅰ.Look
Ⅱ.1.How　2.What　3.How　4.What
Ⅲ.1.Yes，much better./I'm feeling well./I'm OK.
2．That's all right./You're welcome./Not at all.
3．What is it？/What's this
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一：
针对训练
1．are both　2.have never been
3．doesn't like
考点二：
针对训练
1．Which　2.How far　3.How much
4．How old　5.Where　6.What　7.How
8．who
考点三：
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.don't play　2.Don't wake　3.keep
4．Share
Ⅱ.1.Don't forget　2.Prevent；and
考点四：
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.What　2.a　3.How
Ⅱ.1.How pale　2.What an
3．How creative
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.is　2.Don't post　3.important
Ⅱ.1.does；how　2.What an amazing
3．How soon　4.Make sure
5．Go along；on
Ⅲ.1.picked　2.Why　3.help　4.Is
5．What　6.take　7.Remember
8．looking