专项一 名 词（含答案）2026年中考英语（人教版）一轮复习语法专项过关
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| 名称 | 专项一 名 词（含答案）2026年中考英语（人教版）一轮复习语法专项过关 |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-11-29 16:54:08 | ||
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专项一 名 词
河北中考考情分析
分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出，名词是河北中考的必考点，主要在完形填空、短文填空中考查。完形填空侧重考查名词词义辨析，而短文填空则侧重对名词单复数及所有格的考查。预计2026年河北中考会在完形填空和短文填空中继续对其进行考查。近六年考查频次：名词词义辨析6年18考，名词单复数6年7考。
用所给词的正确形式填空
(2025河北改编)Over the past twelve ________(month)，there have been many difficult things in our family.
(2024河北)They study in different ________(school).
(2024河北)Several minutes later，many ________(child) walked out in a line.
(2023河北)Wow！I like those bright ________(color)!
(2022河北)She plants different ________(kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden.
考点一 可数名词
可数名词的复数形式
(1)规则变化
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加 s map→maps bag→bags book→books
以s、x、sh、ch等结尾的词 加 es bus→buses watch→watches wish→wishes box→boxes (特例：stomach→stomachs)
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词 变y为i，再加 es baby→babies city→cities
以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词 加 s monkey→monkeys holiday→holidays
以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的词 表示无生命的词加 s photo→photos piano→pianos
表示有生命的词加 es hero→heroes potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes
以“元音字母＋o”结尾的词 加 s zoo→zoos radio→radios kangaroo→ kangaroos video→videos
以f或fe结尾的词 大多数变f或fe为v，再加 es shelf→shelves thief→thieves knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves
【巧学妙记】名词变复数时，变f/fe为v，再加 es的单词：
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄，
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf)，
架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命忙。
(2)不规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
复合名词 将主体名词变为复数 girl friend→girl friends boy student→boy students looker on(旁观者)→lookers on
man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都变为复数 man doctor→men doctors woman teacher→ women teachers
sport修饰名词时，无论主体名词是单数还是复数，sport通常用复数形式 a sports club sports shoes
特殊 名词 改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet tooth→teeth man→men woman→women mouse→mice (特例：boot→boots)
词尾加 en或 ren ox→oxen(公牛) child→children
单复数形式相同 sheep→sheep deer→deer spacecraft→spacecraft
只有复数形式 trousers glasses clothes pants jeans scissors
表示“某国人”的名词 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
变词尾的man为men Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加 s German→Germans Roman→Romans American→Americans Canadian→Canadians
集体名词的数
(1)有些集体名词，如people(人们)，police(警察)，cattle(牛)，以单数形式出现，但表示复数意义。这些名词不能用不定冠词或one修饰。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：There are a lot of people in the park.公园里有很多人。
(2)有些集体名词，如class(班级)，family(家庭)，team(队，组)等，既可以表示单数意义，又可以表示复数意义。若把集体名词看作一个整体，表示单数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的各个成员，表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：My family is a happy one.我家是一个幸福的家庭。
My family are watching TV.我们全家正在看电视。
【注意】有些以 s结尾但仍为单数，如the United States等，以及以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等都视为单数。还有些词以 s结尾却是不可数名词，如maths、politics、physics等学科名词和news等。
用所给词的正确形式填空
There are about 25 ________(woman) teachers in our grade.
Keep ________(knife) out of the reach of children to prevent accidents.
His plays are about ordinary people who are tragic ________(hero) of modern life.
The team is asked to work out a couple of unsolved ________(mystery).
John，get up and brush your ________(tooth).Your breakfast is soon ready.
考点二 不可数名词
中考常见的不可数名词
类别 例词
物质名词 液体 orange橙汁 milk牛奶 water水 wine酒 juice果汁 tea茶 coffee咖啡 soup汤 oil油
食物 bread面包 meat肉 beef牛肉 cheese奶酪
自然 soil土壤 sand沙子 wood木头 fire火 rain雨 wind风 snow雪 ice冰
材料 paper纸 plastic塑料 silk丝绸 gold金子 cotton棉花
抽象名词 情感 joy高兴 sadness忧伤 friendship友情 peace和平
学科 maths数学 geography地理 physics物理 chemistry化学
其他 高频 词汇 advice建议 information信息 news消息 time时间 fun乐趣 health健康 money金钱 knowledge知识 wealth财富 music音乐 success成功 housework家务 work工作 interest兴趣 weather天气 progress进步
不可数名词量化的表示
a bottle of一瓶 a piece of一片/张
a cup of一杯 a pair of一副/双
【注意】短语“数词＋pair/piece(s)of＋复数名词/不可数名词”作主语时，中心词是pair/piece(s)，由其单复数决定谓语动词用单数还是复数。
【拓展】有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意思不同。
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁
experience 经历 经验 paper 试卷；论文 纸
interest 业余 爱好 利息 radio 收音机 无线 电广播
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间
iron 熨斗 铁 time 次数，倍数 时间
beauty 美人 美 wood 树林 木材
fish 鱼(的种类) 鱼肉 hair (几根)头发 头发 (整体)
常见的表达数量的名词修饰词：
根据汉语意思完成句子
你好，露西，关于如何提高我的英语请给我一些建议。
Hello，Lucy，please give me ________ ________ on how to improve my English.
他们渴了。你能给他们几瓶水吗？
They are thirsty.Will you please give them ________ ________ ________ ________？
——蒂娜，你早餐经常吃什么？
——我通常吃两片面包，喝些牛奶。
—Tina，what do you usually have for breakfast
—I usually eat ________ ________ ________ ________ and drink some milk.
当春天来临时，杭州总是有很多雨。
When spring comes，there is always ________ ________ in Hangzhou.
考点三 名词所有格
名词所有格的定义和形式
名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种形式：一种是词尾加 's；另一种是介词of后加名词。
名词所有格的构成规则
规则 示例
's所有格 表示有生命的名词的所有格一般在其词尾加 's，以 s或 es结尾的名词只加 ' my cousin's clothes我表弟的衣服 students' books学生们的书
表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命事物的名词，也可以加 's或者 '构成所有格 today's newspaper今天的报纸 two hours' ride两个小时的车程
两人或多人共有某物时，只在最后一个名词后加 's；如果该物为各自所有，则各个名词后都要加 's Lucy and Lily's bedroom露西和莉莉(共同)的房间 Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms露西和莉莉(各自)的房间
为了避免重复，可单独使用 's所有格，其作用在句中相当于名词 Whose pen is this？Is it Tony's？这是谁的钢笔？它是托尼的吗？
of所有格 凡不能加 's的名词，都可以与of构成短语，表示所有关系，无生命名词的所有格也可以这么用，of所有格由“of＋名词/代词”构成 We'll meet at the gate of the school.我们将在学校门口见面。
双重所有格 双重所有格的构成有两种形式：一种是“of＋ 's所有格”，另一种是“of＋名词性物主代词” a picture of Lily's莉莉的一张照片 a friend of hers她的一个朋友
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
Many animals have died out because of ________(human) bad behavior.
Experts suggest that we do at least eight ________(hour) training per week to keep fit.
All of us think this small boat is one of the ________(fisherman).
The FIBA(国际篮联) ________(woman) Asia Cup 2025 was hosted in Shenzhen，China from July 13 to 20，2025.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
这间卧室是我的。那间卧室是吉姆和汤姆的。
This bedroom is mine.That bedroom is ________ ________ ________．
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
The boy didn't say any more and chose to follow his ________(parent) advice this time.
We celebrate ________(teacher) Day on September 10th every year.
For the school trip，two more ________(coach) are needed for the foreign students.
There are still a certain number of ethnic ________(Germany) in Russia.
The film Soul mainly tells a ________(music) strange experience in an amazing place.
I spent two ________(night) time making a video to take part in I Love My School competition.
Those ________(mouse) are used in important scientific research.
The beauty of Yangzhou attracts countless ________(tour) attention every year.
I have put on some ________(weigh) recently.I need to go on a diet and exercise more.
Stephen Hawking is a great ________(science) whose serious illness never stopped him from living a meaningful life.
Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空
advise，promise，healthy，symbol，ceremony，experience，begin，box，serve，week
Some excellent graduates are usually invited to give a speech on the graduation ________ which is always the most attractive part for all the students.
The red colour is a(n) ________ of joy and celebration in Chinese New Year.
We are pleased with the good ________ in the new restaurant near my home.
To keep in good ________，we should do more exercise and eat more vegetables.
If parents always fail to keep their ________，their kids will feel disappointed and never trust them.
Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of winter and the ________ of spring.
She described her ________ in Africa very movingly.
He gave me some very sound ________．I'm grateful to him.
We'll have a two ________ tour in China.I can't wait.
Volunteers were ready and waiting to pack the food in ________．
Ⅲ.(2025邯郸三模改编)短文填空
Yesterday was a day full of lessons.In the morning，I saw a little boy crying near the park.His kite got stuck in a tree.I decided to help him.While I was trying to reach the kite，a man walked by.He offered a ladder to me，and we finally got the kite down.The boy smiled and said，“Thank you！”
In the afternoon，we students were divided into 1.________(group).I worked with Lily and Tom.Achieving good teamwork needed 2.________(patient).Lily had many smart 3.________(suggest)，like making a timeline.We all agreed with her.
Mom came home from work in the evening.She was busy with my 4.________(brother) birthday party.It will be his twelfth birthday.“I expect you to help clean up the room，” she said.My brother stopped playing video games at once.He nodded and said he would keep his promise.When Dad came back，he brought some 5.________(cake).He told us a story of an old successful man.Finally，my father told us，“6.________(succeed) isn't just about winning，but about trying together.”My cousin，who got married last year，called to say hello.She would come to celebrate my brother's birthday together.She also reminded us to cherish family time.I feel so lucky to have such warm 7.________(person) around me.They influence me greatly.
What a meaningful day it was！That night，I thought about that day.It taught me that the 8.________(mean) of life comes from helping others，cherishing family and so on.
【详解答案】
专项一 名 词
河北中考·真题体验
1．months 2.schools 3.children
4．colors 5.kinds
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一：
针对训练
1．women 2.knives 3.heroes
4．mysteries 5.teeth
考点二：
针对训练
1．some advice 2.some bottles of water
3．two pieces of bread 4.much rain
考点三：
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.humans' 2.hours' 3.fishermen's
4．Women's
Ⅱ.Jim and Tom's
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.parents' 2.Teachers' 3.coaches
4．Germans 5.musician's 6.nights'
7．mice 8.tourists' 9.weight
10．scientist
Ⅱ.1.ceremony 2.symbol 3.service
4．health 5.promises 6.beginning
7．experiences 8.advice 9.weeks'
10．boxes
Ⅲ.1.groups 2.patience 3.suggestions
4．brother's 5.cakes 6.Success
7．persons 8.meaning
河北中考考情分析
分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出，名词是河北中考的必考点，主要在完形填空、短文填空中考查。完形填空侧重考查名词词义辨析，而短文填空则侧重对名词单复数及所有格的考查。预计2026年河北中考会在完形填空和短文填空中继续对其进行考查。近六年考查频次：名词词义辨析6年18考，名词单复数6年7考。
用所给词的正确形式填空
(2025河北改编)Over the past twelve ________(month)，there have been many difficult things in our family.
(2024河北)They study in different ________(school).
(2024河北)Several minutes later，many ________(child) walked out in a line.
(2023河北)Wow！I like those bright ________(color)!
(2022河北)She plants different ________(kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden.
考点一 可数名词
可数名词的复数形式
(1)规则变化
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加 s map→maps bag→bags book→books
以s、x、sh、ch等结尾的词 加 es bus→buses watch→watches wish→wishes box→boxes (特例：stomach→stomachs)
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词 变y为i，再加 es baby→babies city→cities
以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词 加 s monkey→monkeys holiday→holidays
以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的词 表示无生命的词加 s photo→photos piano→pianos
表示有生命的词加 es hero→heroes potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes
以“元音字母＋o”结尾的词 加 s zoo→zoos radio→radios kangaroo→ kangaroos video→videos
以f或fe结尾的词 大多数变f或fe为v，再加 es shelf→shelves thief→thieves knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves
【巧学妙记】名词变复数时，变f/fe为v，再加 es的单词：
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄，
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf)，
架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命忙。
(2)不规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
复合名词 将主体名词变为复数 girl friend→girl friends boy student→boy students looker on(旁观者)→lookers on
man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都变为复数 man doctor→men doctors woman teacher→ women teachers
sport修饰名词时，无论主体名词是单数还是复数，sport通常用复数形式 a sports club sports shoes
特殊 名词 改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet tooth→teeth man→men woman→women mouse→mice (特例：boot→boots)
词尾加 en或 ren ox→oxen(公牛) child→children
单复数形式相同 sheep→sheep deer→deer spacecraft→spacecraft
只有复数形式 trousers glasses clothes pants jeans scissors
表示“某国人”的名词 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
变词尾的man为men Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加 s German→Germans Roman→Romans American→Americans Canadian→Canadians
集体名词的数
(1)有些集体名词，如people(人们)，police(警察)，cattle(牛)，以单数形式出现，但表示复数意义。这些名词不能用不定冠词或one修饰。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：There are a lot of people in the park.公园里有很多人。
(2)有些集体名词，如class(班级)，family(家庭)，team(队，组)等，既可以表示单数意义，又可以表示复数意义。若把集体名词看作一个整体，表示单数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的各个成员，表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：My family is a happy one.我家是一个幸福的家庭。
My family are watching TV.我们全家正在看电视。
【注意】有些以 s结尾但仍为单数，如the United States等，以及以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等都视为单数。还有些词以 s结尾却是不可数名词，如maths、politics、physics等学科名词和news等。
用所给词的正确形式填空
There are about 25 ________(woman) teachers in our grade.
Keep ________(knife) out of the reach of children to prevent accidents.
His plays are about ordinary people who are tragic ________(hero) of modern life.
The team is asked to work out a couple of unsolved ________(mystery).
John，get up and brush your ________(tooth).Your breakfast is soon ready.
考点二 不可数名词
中考常见的不可数名词
类别 例词
物质名词 液体 orange橙汁 milk牛奶 water水 wine酒 juice果汁 tea茶 coffee咖啡 soup汤 oil油
食物 bread面包 meat肉 beef牛肉 cheese奶酪
自然 soil土壤 sand沙子 wood木头 fire火 rain雨 wind风 snow雪 ice冰
材料 paper纸 plastic塑料 silk丝绸 gold金子 cotton棉花
抽象名词 情感 joy高兴 sadness忧伤 friendship友情 peace和平
学科 maths数学 geography地理 physics物理 chemistry化学
其他 高频 词汇 advice建议 information信息 news消息 time时间 fun乐趣 health健康 money金钱 knowledge知识 wealth财富 music音乐 success成功 housework家务 work工作 interest兴趣 weather天气 progress进步
不可数名词量化的表示
a bottle of一瓶 a piece of一片/张
a cup of一杯 a pair of一副/双
【注意】短语“数词＋pair/piece(s)of＋复数名词/不可数名词”作主语时，中心词是pair/piece(s)，由其单复数决定谓语动词用单数还是复数。
【拓展】有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意思不同。
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁
experience 经历 经验 paper 试卷；论文 纸
interest 业余 爱好 利息 radio 收音机 无线 电广播
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间
iron 熨斗 铁 time 次数，倍数 时间
beauty 美人 美 wood 树林 木材
fish 鱼(的种类) 鱼肉 hair (几根)头发 头发 (整体)
常见的表达数量的名词修饰词：
根据汉语意思完成句子
你好，露西，关于如何提高我的英语请给我一些建议。
Hello，Lucy，please give me ________ ________ on how to improve my English.
他们渴了。你能给他们几瓶水吗？
They are thirsty.Will you please give them ________ ________ ________ ________？
——蒂娜，你早餐经常吃什么？
——我通常吃两片面包，喝些牛奶。
—Tina，what do you usually have for breakfast
—I usually eat ________ ________ ________ ________ and drink some milk.
当春天来临时，杭州总是有很多雨。
When spring comes，there is always ________ ________ in Hangzhou.
考点三 名词所有格
名词所有格的定义和形式
名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种形式：一种是词尾加 's；另一种是介词of后加名词。
名词所有格的构成规则
规则 示例
's所有格 表示有生命的名词的所有格一般在其词尾加 's，以 s或 es结尾的名词只加 ' my cousin's clothes我表弟的衣服 students' books学生们的书
表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命事物的名词，也可以加 's或者 '构成所有格 today's newspaper今天的报纸 two hours' ride两个小时的车程
两人或多人共有某物时，只在最后一个名词后加 's；如果该物为各自所有，则各个名词后都要加 's Lucy and Lily's bedroom露西和莉莉(共同)的房间 Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms露西和莉莉(各自)的房间
为了避免重复，可单独使用 's所有格，其作用在句中相当于名词 Whose pen is this？Is it Tony's？这是谁的钢笔？它是托尼的吗？
of所有格 凡不能加 's的名词，都可以与of构成短语，表示所有关系，无生命名词的所有格也可以这么用，of所有格由“of＋名词/代词”构成 We'll meet at the gate of the school.我们将在学校门口见面。
双重所有格 双重所有格的构成有两种形式：一种是“of＋ 's所有格”，另一种是“of＋名词性物主代词” a picture of Lily's莉莉的一张照片 a friend of hers她的一个朋友
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
Many animals have died out because of ________(human) bad behavior.
Experts suggest that we do at least eight ________(hour) training per week to keep fit.
All of us think this small boat is one of the ________(fisherman).
The FIBA(国际篮联) ________(woman) Asia Cup 2025 was hosted in Shenzhen，China from July 13 to 20，2025.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
这间卧室是我的。那间卧室是吉姆和汤姆的。
This bedroom is mine.That bedroom is ________ ________ ________．
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空
The boy didn't say any more and chose to follow his ________(parent) advice this time.
We celebrate ________(teacher) Day on September 10th every year.
For the school trip，two more ________(coach) are needed for the foreign students.
There are still a certain number of ethnic ________(Germany) in Russia.
The film Soul mainly tells a ________(music) strange experience in an amazing place.
I spent two ________(night) time making a video to take part in I Love My School competition.
Those ________(mouse) are used in important scientific research.
The beauty of Yangzhou attracts countless ________(tour) attention every year.
I have put on some ________(weigh) recently.I need to go on a diet and exercise more.
Stephen Hawking is a great ________(science) whose serious illness never stopped him from living a meaningful life.
Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空
advise，promise，healthy，symbol，ceremony，experience，begin，box，serve，week
Some excellent graduates are usually invited to give a speech on the graduation ________ which is always the most attractive part for all the students.
The red colour is a(n) ________ of joy and celebration in Chinese New Year.
We are pleased with the good ________ in the new restaurant near my home.
To keep in good ________，we should do more exercise and eat more vegetables.
If parents always fail to keep their ________，their kids will feel disappointed and never trust them.
Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of winter and the ________ of spring.
She described her ________ in Africa very movingly.
He gave me some very sound ________．I'm grateful to him.
We'll have a two ________ tour in China.I can't wait.
Volunteers were ready and waiting to pack the food in ________．
Ⅲ.(2025邯郸三模改编)短文填空
Yesterday was a day full of lessons.In the morning，I saw a little boy crying near the park.His kite got stuck in a tree.I decided to help him.While I was trying to reach the kite，a man walked by.He offered a ladder to me，and we finally got the kite down.The boy smiled and said，“Thank you！”
In the afternoon，we students were divided into 1.________(group).I worked with Lily and Tom.Achieving good teamwork needed 2.________(patient).Lily had many smart 3.________(suggest)，like making a timeline.We all agreed with her.
Mom came home from work in the evening.She was busy with my 4.________(brother) birthday party.It will be his twelfth birthday.“I expect you to help clean up the room，” she said.My brother stopped playing video games at once.He nodded and said he would keep his promise.When Dad came back，he brought some 5.________(cake).He told us a story of an old successful man.Finally，my father told us，“6.________(succeed) isn't just about winning，but about trying together.”My cousin，who got married last year，called to say hello.She would come to celebrate my brother's birthday together.She also reminded us to cherish family time.I feel so lucky to have such warm 7.________(person) around me.They influence me greatly.
What a meaningful day it was！That night，I thought about that day.It taught me that the 8.________(mean) of life comes from helping others，cherishing family and so on.
【详解答案】
专项一 名 词
河北中考·真题体验
1．months 2.schools 3.children
4．colors 5.kinds
语法专项·考点过关
专项精讲
考点一：
针对训练
1．women 2.knives 3.heroes
4．mysteries 5.teeth
考点二：
针对训练
1．some advice 2.some bottles of water
3．two pieces of bread 4.much rain
考点三：
针对训练
Ⅰ.1.humans' 2.hours' 3.fishermen's
4．Women's
Ⅱ.Jim and Tom's
专项精练
Ⅰ.1.parents' 2.Teachers' 3.coaches
4．Germans 5.musician's 6.nights'
7．mice 8.tourists' 9.weight
10．scientist
Ⅱ.1.ceremony 2.symbol 3.service
4．health 5.promises 6.beginning
7．experiences 8.advice 9.weeks'
10．boxes
Ⅲ.1.groups 2.patience 3.suggestions
4．brother's 5.cakes 6.Success
7．persons 8.meaning