2026年中考英语（人教版）二轮复习 重难题型突破 题型一　短文填空（含答案）

题型一　短文填空
河北中考考情分析
河北中考的短文填空试题主要考查学生对课标所要求的词汇的掌握程度。试题呈现形式多样，但对基础知识灵活运用的考查是重点。2025年起考查形式由原来的十个空变成了十五个空，其中包括用所给词的适当形式填空和盲填。考点主要集中在动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词和数词上。名词的考查重点是复数变化及词形转化，动词及动词短语的考查重点是时态、语态和非谓语的变化，形容词、副词、数词、代词的考查重点在词形转化上，盲填主要考查冠词、介词和连词。
一、题型分析
短文填空题包含两种考查形式。一种是用括号内给出的提示单词，让学生结合上下文和语法知识进行填空，侧重考查单词词形的转化，如基数词变序数词，可数名词单数变复数，形容词变副词，形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，动词的时态和语态等。另一种是盲填，要分析句子结构，判断所填词在句中充当的成分，从而明确该用冠词、连词还是介词。
二、命题规律
考查初中基本语法
1．词法　2.时态　3.语态　4.句法
三、解题技巧
1．对于给出括号内提示词的情况
要先从词性考虑。一般名词考查单数或复数形式和名词的所有格；人称代词考查主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词；形容词和副词考查三级的变化或它们之间的转换；动词考查时态、语态和非谓语动词等用法；数词考查基数词和序数词的区别或分数的用法。
例1：This helped more people learn about ________(tradition) Chinese clothes.“For us，wearing the skirt is not just for fashion，”said Mao，one of the hanfu lovers.“It also shows our love for Chinese culture，” Mao said proudly.
【答案】traditional
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这有助于更多的人了解中国传统服装。根据空后的“Chinese clothes”可知，空处应填形容词，修饰名词短语。故填traditional。
例2：According to China Radio International，the interpreters won't know who they are going to interpret for until a month before the two sessions.They then make full use of the month to prepare everything by ________(they).
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查代词。句意：然后他们自己充分利用这个月准备好一切。此处考查by oneself，表示“独自”，结合句子主语“They”可知，此处应用themselves。故填themselves。
例3：We all sat in three rows on the stage.When I looked up，I saw that the whole school had come ________(watch) us take turns to spell words aloud.
【答案】to watch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我抬头看时，我看见全校的人都来观看我们轮流大声拼写单词。“来”的目的是“观看我们轮流大声拼写单词”，作目的状语应用动词不定式。故填to watch。
例4：Have you ever eaten something that you grew in your own garden？Many people ________(not have) the pleasure of this experience.
【答案】haven't had
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：许多人还没有这种体验的乐趣。根据“Have you ever eaten something that you grew in your own garden？”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语是Many people，因此用助动词haven't构成否定句，动词用过去分词。故填haven't had。
2．对于不给出提示词的情况
一般考查冠词、介词和连词。冠词要看后面单词的读音开头是辅音音素还是元音音素；另外，还要看是不是特指等情况。介词要记住固定搭配。连词相对最难，要根据上下文判断，特别是先判断是什么样的从句；另外，要根据句子的意思、句子成分、时态等确定关联词。
例1：Jin Ying，25，is a lover of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).She took part in a three month training course on acupuncture and tuina(针灸推拿) ________ 2023 at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：2023年她在北京中医药大学参加了为期三个月的针灸推拿培训课程。表示在某一年，须用介词in。故填in。
例2：Tanghulu has already been a symbol of joy during the season.Whether it is enjoyed alone during ________ usual evening walk or shared with friends and family at a winter gathering，it has the power to create moments of connection.It can bring happiness and joy to anyone who tries.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：无论是在平常的晚上散步时独自享受，还是在冬天的聚会上与朋友和家人一起分享，它都有能力创造联系的瞬间。此处表示泛指，且空后“usual”的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
例3：I tried to picture it in my mind.Then I started to spell aloud，________ I said the letter “k”instead of “e”．As soon as I said the wrong letter，I knew I had made a mistake.
【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意：然后我开始大声拼写，但我说出了字母“k”而不是“e”。前后是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
A
(2025河北)
There is a special jug(罐) on our kitchen table.I put some small pieces of paper and a pen next 1.________ the jug.Anyone in my family is free to write down something good that has happened 2.________(recent).With pieces of paper in it，the jug 3.________(call)“Good Things Jug”．
Many good things happen in a year.At 4.________ end of the year，we get together to empty the jug.We take 5.________(turn) to read the“Good Things”aloud.Some of the things are 6.________(interest)，some are serious，and some just give hope.
Over the past twelve 7.________(month)，there have been many difficult things in our family.Noticing the “Good Things” has helped us go through the hard time.Here 8.________(be) a few things from the “Good Things Jug”：
“Jim 9.________ I went camping with our parents.There we 10.________(teach) my pet cat how to clap(拍) with his feet.”
“With my parents' care，I was well again after a serious illness.I'm so 11.________(thank) to my parents for their love.It's the best thing on earth！”
“Dad got a better job today！”
Our “Good Things Jug” is full 12.________ love，hope and happiness.The little messages remind 13.________(we) that we can always expect good things to come，even during difficult times.Therefore，I encourage you 14.________(create) your “Good Things Jug” today.I am sure it 15.________(make) a big difference in your future life.
B
(2024河北)
The Lin family has a son and a daughter，Lin Ming and Lin Fang.Lin Ming is seven and Lin Fang is two years 1.________(young) than her brother.They study in different 2.________(school).One day，Mrs.Lin picked up Lin Ming and then they went to Lin Fang's school together.Some boys and girls were playing 3.________(happy) on the playground.Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited 4.________ his sister.Just then，the bell 5.________(ring).Several minutes later，many 6.________(child) walked out in a line.Lin Fang was the 7.________(five) one in it.When Lin Ming saw her，he couldn't wait to run to her.“Fangfang，” Lin Ming 8.________(shout).Jumping with joy，Lin Fang rushed to meet 9.________(he).They hugged each other and walked to their mother hand in hand.When Mrs.Lin saw this，10.________ big smile appeared on her face.Her heart was filled with happiness.
C
(2023河北)
My favorite teacher is Mr.Zhao.He has made 1.________ big difference in my life.I was 2.________(real) shy and nervous on the first day at school.But Mr.Zhao was 3.________ kind that I soon forgot about that.In 4.________(he) first class，he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves.When he 5.________(get) to my desk，he looked at my picture and said，“Wow！I like those bright 6.________(color)！That's great！”I felt 7.________(relax) at once.Mr.Zhao is patient and he always 8.________(tell) us not to worry about giving wrong answers.Also，he shows us how to learn 9.________ our mistakes.Now I am in the 10.________(nine) grade，and I'm leaving school.I will remember all the suggestions he has given me.
D
(2022河北)
Mrs.Zhang is my neighbor.Her house is next to 1.________(my).She is a warm and 2.________(friend) person.She is popular among us.She always 3.________(like) to help others.And she often asks people 4.________ she can do for them.She often says hello 5.________ me from her front garden when I come back home.She plants different 6.________(kind) of beautiful flowers in her garden.It was Mrs.Zhang's birthday last Saturday.She held a party and 7.________(invite) all the neighbors.She made 8.________ very big cake with fresh flowers on it.It was my 9.________(one) time to see such a cake.I thought it was the 10.________(nice) cake I had ever eaten.We sang，danced and talked and it was really a great time.
A
(2025天津改编)
Today the earth is getting warmer and warmer.But hundreds of years ago，people had 1.________ different problem—a 400 year cold period！2.________ the 1400s to the 1800s，winters in the northern half of the earth were 3.________(cold) and longer than they are now.Scientists 4.________(call) this time the “Little Ice Age”(小冰期).
The colder weather 5.________(bring) many serious problems.Plants died 6.________ cold and illness spread among people.People had to spend a lot more time 7.________(collect) wood for fires to keep their house warm.And sometimes，a huge piece of ice would slide down(滑落) a mountain and destroy(摧毁) some 8.________(village).
Scientists think the Little Ice Age 9.________(cause) by forces(力量) that people could not control.One cause(起因)，in 10.________(they) opinion，was the sun.The sun often 11.________(have)“storms”of energy called sunspots(太阳黑子).During the Little Ice Age，there 12.________(be) fewer sunspots than there are today.With fewer sunspots，the sun was giving out less energy which 13.________(make) the earth warm.Volcanic eruption(火山爆发) was probably another natural cause.During the Little Ice Age，many volcanoes erupted.Their dust(灰尘) might stop the sun's light 14.________ heat from reaching the earth.
Today we are seeing the influences of rising temperature.Scientists think people are causing this change by burning a lot of coal and oil.So we need 15.________(change) our way of living.
B
(2025山西改编)
Have Your Say
A smile 1.________(show) that a person has a feeling of great pleasure.For example，a person may smile when he is 2.________(please) with a grade on a test or when he hears a 3.________(fun) joke.But smiles are more than just 4.________ way for people to show 5.________(happy).
It is easier 6.________(smile) than to show unhappiness.In fact，it only takes 17 muscles(肌肉) to show you feel happy.7.________ the other hand，it takes 43 muscles to show you feel unhappy.So give the muscles in 8.________(you) face a rest and smile!
You may try to look nice by 9.________(wear) nice clothes.However，as a famous saying goes：A smile is the 10.________(good) thing a person can wear.That is because people like to make 11.________(friend) with a person who is smiling and happy.
When you are mad or sad，try smiling.You'll find that it will 12.________(be) hard to stay mad or sad for very long！13.________ this way，smiling is very good for your body.
Smiling can 14.________(quick) spread from one person to another.When you smile，people around may smile with you.If someone is down，the best thing to do is to smile at him.It is the easiest way to cheer him up.
Smiling can move you，change you 15.________ give you a life full of joy.
C
(2025湖南改编)
Long，long ago，there was a city 1.________(call) Jijiaocheng，so named 2.________ it was said to have been built at daybreak.3.________ city was on the rich Liyang Plain (平原).Many waterways 4.________(provide) water for crop fields and the people living inside and outside of the city.
The rulers of Jijiaocheng asked people 5.________(cut)down trees in the mountains.The wood was shipped by 6.________(worker) to the city for tall buildings.7.________(stand) in them，the city's rulers would be able to see 8.________(they) people and crop fields between the waterways.In autumn，plenty of rice 9.________(bring) to the city.
This is not some bedtime story.It 10.________(real) took place around 4，500 years ago.
Thousands of years later，the once busy 11.________ rich Jijiaocheng，which is now in a town of Hunan，came to the notice of the modern world.With the help of archaeologists (考古学家) and historians，artists painted recreations of life in Jijiaocheng in a 12.________(tradition) scroll (卷轴).
The scroll was part of a huge project.A group of artists spent two years 13.________ it.It includes eight paintings，14.________ are 140 meters long in total.It 15.________(show)early human activities on the Liyang Plain and the prehistoric culture in Hunan.
D
(2025眉山改编)
Embroidery(刺绣) was often regarded as“women's work” in the past.And it was not common for a boy 1.________(learn) it.Therefore，Fu Jian's parents didn't want 2.________(he) to work in this industry at first.But Fu didn't care.He 3.________(believe) he could do it well.
Fu was born into an embroidery family 4.________ Yangzhou.His mother is 5.________ master craftswoman(女工匠) of Suzhou embroidery.Fu fell in love with this 6.________(beauty) art when he was four years old.In his last year of high school，Fu set his life goal 7.________(clear).“Although many people know about this traditional art，I want to help them learn 8.________(much) about it，” he said.
After 9.________(graduate) from college，Fu and his mother built a research center of Suzhou embroidery.Since then，he 10.________(invent) many new stitches(针法).He has also trained many 11.________(worker).
Fu spends a lot of time 12.________ his works.Even so，he enjoys it.“I often work late into midnight，13.________ I never feel tired.I think that's because I'm doing what I love，” said the 37 year old.
Most recently，the artist “created” a piece of bronze ware(青铜器皿) on cloth.What gave him the idea to create this work？“Many bronzes can only be seen in 14.________(museum).A work of embroidery，however，can 15.________(hang) in one's home or office.People can see it at any time，” said Fu.
【详解答案】
题型一　短文填空
河北中考·真题体验
A
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一个家庭通过“好事罐”记录生活中的美好瞬间，帮助他们在困难时期保持积极心态的故事。
1．to　2.recently　3.is called　4.the
5．turns　6.interesting　7.months　8.are
9．and　10.taught　11.thankful　12.of
13．us　14.to create　15.will make
B
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了林家的家庭生活。
1．younger　2.schools　3.happily　4.for
5．rang　6.children　7.fifth　8.shouted
9．him　10.a
C
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了作者最喜欢的赵老师对自己的影响。
1．a　2.really　3.so　4.his　5.got
6．colors　7.relaxed　8.tells　9.from
10．ninth
D
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了作者的邻居。
1．mine　2.friendly　3.likes　4.what
5．to　6.kinds　7.invited　8.a　9.first
10．nicest
2025中考·真题演练
A
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了地球在历史上经历的“小冰期”现象及其可能的原因，并与当前全球变暖现象进行了对比。
1．a　2.From　3.colder　4.call
5．brought　6.of　7.collecting　8.villages
9．was caused　10.their　11.has
12．were　13.made　14.and
15．to change
B
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了微笑的力量和好处。
1．shows　2.pleased　3.funny　4.a
5．happiness　6.to smile　7.On　8.your
9．wearing　10.best　11.friends　12.be
13．In　14.quickly　15.and
C
【语篇解读】文章介绍了鸡叫城的地理位置、建造历史与城市特征。在考古学家和历史学家的帮助下，艺术家最终在一幅传统卷轴上重现了鸡叫城的生活场景。
1．called　2.because　3.The　4.provided
5．to cut　6.workers　7.Standing　8.their
9．was brought　10.really　11.and
12．traditional　13.on　14.which
15．shows
D
【语篇解读】本文讲述了付健对刺绣的热爱和自身的努力，他发明了许多新针法，培训了许多刺绣工人。
1．to learn　2.him　3.believed　4.in
5．a　6.beautiful　7.clearly　8.more
9．graduating　10.has invented
11．workers　12.on　13.but
14．museums　15.be hung