人教版（2019)高考英语一轮复习教材梳理选择性必修第四册UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION知识点课件(共57张PPT)

(共57张PPT)
UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION
主题语境　文学与艺术
选择性必修第四册
Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破
1.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→ n.内疚;悔恨;犯 罪;罪行
(1)be guilty of犯有……罪
be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧
(2)a sense of guilt愧疚感
guilt
for/at/about
the boy was
overwhelmed by a deep sense of guilt

2.declare vt.表明;宣布;公布→ n.公告;宣布;表白
declare...to be/as...宣布……为……
declare for/against宣称支持/反对……
declare war on/against...对……宣战
declare that...宣告/宣称……
declaration
①All the residents in this community declared garbage- sorting in new efforts to better protect their living environment.
②In September 1939, Britain declared war Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
③当老师宣布我是这次歌咏比赛的获胜者时,我既惊讶又高兴。 (个人感受)
When the teacher __________________________________________
______________________________________.
for
on/against
declared me as/to be the winner of the singing
competition,I was surprised and pleased
3.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐→ adj.紧急的;急迫的→ n.紧急;急迫
(1)have/feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
urgent
urgency
①It is strongly urged by students that the library _________________
(keep) open during the weekend.
②(2025·八省联考)A nearby theater was showing a documentary (纪 录片) about several local animal shelters that were helping to save abandoned dogs across the country. I love animals, and I felt an urge (go) to this fundraising event.
(should) be kept
to go
must urge more people to reflect
on their own improper behavior
must urge that more people
(should) reflect on their own improper behavior
4.take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
take off起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;大获成功
take on呈现;雇用;承担
take in包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;收留
take up占用(时间);占据(空间);开始从事
take sth.for granted 认为……是理所当然的
took over
took
in
taking on
take
off
took up
take on
If you take friends’ support and help for granted
5.more...than...“与其说……不如说……”
[教材原句]　He seemed more like a human than a machine.他看起 来不太像一个机器,而更像一个真人。
(1)more A than B 与其说B不如说A
(2)more than+数词,表示“超过;不止”,相当于over;
more than+名词,意为“不只是;不仅仅是……”,相当于not only;
more than+形容词/副词,意为“非常,很”,相当于very。
①这次经历与其说是恐惧的,不如说是令人兴奋的,在此期间,我的 心一直在剧烈地跳动着。
The experience , during which my heart beat violently the whole time.
②如果你能加入我们目前有十多个成员的俱乐部,我会非常高 兴。我们期待着你的加入。(邀请信)
if you could join our club which has more than ten members at present.We are expecting your joining.
was more exciting than frightening
I would be more than delighted
Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1. The village has taken a new look thanks to the good economic policies from the government.
2. They celebrate September 16 every year, the day when Mexico (declare) independence from Spain.
3. As for the environmental protection, it is not what we say but what we do makes a difference.
on
declared
that
4. When you feel the urge (spread) the latest news, think about why you want to gossip.
5. Robots are much stronger than we are.It is predicted that the robots may be superior us in the future.
6. Tony picked up a handkerchief random and handed it to this girl to wipe her tears.
7. Keep in touch with your friends a regular basis.If not, you may risk losing touch with your friends.
to spread
to
at
on
8. I feel (guilt) for teasing the child who fell over on the muddy track.
9. He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an (explode) of applause came out of the audience.
10. Bernard’s business turned to be successful with so many people supporting him.
guilty
explosion
out
Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式
1. 当老师宣布我得了一等奖时,我觉得自己像在做梦。
When the teacher , I felt like I was dreaming.
2. 接着,我感到有一种要冲出教室的冲动,去和我父母分享我的 快乐。
Then I , sharing my happiness with my parents.
declared that I won first prize
felt an urge to rush out of the classroom
3. 我妈妈表扬了我,说我与其说是聪明倒不如说是勤奋。
My mom praised me, saying that _____________________________.
4. 我父亲表示,希望有一天我能接管他的公司。
My father expressed his hope that I ____________________________
_________.
5. 听了他们说的,不知怎么的,一种既内疚又高兴的情绪从我心底 涌起。
Hearing what they said, somehow, came from the bottom of my heart.

I was more diligent than clever
would take over his business
one day
a mixture of guilt and delight
Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练
培优1　单元话题写作——科幻小说
　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
　　Time travel, alien invasions, and artificial intelligence have always been popular themes in science fiction.However, these were never the exclusive domains of sci-fi writers.Some scientists also long to (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:① ) explore these themes ② (在科学的基础上).
have an urge to
on a scientific basis
Take time travel as an example.Many fascinating stories based on time travel go either backwards or forwards in time.However, the former is not really an option.The world-famous scientist Stephen Hawking once explained that travelling into the past would ③______ ____ (与……相冲突) the basic rule that cause comes before effect.But ④ (前往未来旅行是可能的;it作形式主语) in a vastly advanced (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:⑤ ) spaceship approaching the speed of light.In addition to the question of time travel, Hawking also expressed his opinions on alien invasions and AI development.
with
conflict
it would be possible to travel into the future
superior
⑥______________________________________________________
______________(当许多科学家和学者还在争论利弊时;when引导时间状语从句) of alien existence and AI development, Hawking said he believed aliens would invade Earth, and ⑦___________________ ______________________________________(人类最终会被人工智能和机器人取代).
When many scientists and scholars were still arguing about the pros and cons
that humans would be eventually taken over by AI and robots
教材语料运用　【亲情篇】
　　当我得知我儿子和他的同学发生冲突时,我勃然大怒。他是如此委屈和惊愕,以至于他站在那里一动不动,泪水模糊了他的双眼。知道我的儿子不该受责备后,我内疚地在房间里来回踱步。
When I learned that my son conflicted with his classmate, I ①
__________________.So aggrieved and stunned was he that he stood rooted to the spot, ②_____________
________ _ (with复合结构).After knowing that my son was not to blame, I paced around the room guiltily.
exploded with anger
with tears blurring his eyes
培优2　提升续写能力
我强烈渴望得到儿子的原谅。我向儿子的卧室走去,敲门,然后大步走进房间,表明我不会再像这样对待他了。
③_____________________________
_________________.I headed for my son’s bedroom, ④________________
_____________________(动作链), declaring that I wouldn’t treat him like this again.
I had a strong urge to gain my son’s forgiveness
knocked at the door and strode into the room
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
　　Going into my Ph.D.program, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public as much as I liked doing science. But the few times I presented to broader audiences, I struggled to explain how my research might apply in the real world and why it matters.
The problem came to a head 5 years into my Ph.D.when I took a trip to Maine. Many fellow travelers excitedly shared stories about the latest books they’d consumed.I could vividly recall every detail of the papers piling up back in the lab, yet I couldn’t remember the last book I had read for fun. And so I found myself mostly talking about my research. As I struggled to convey its broader relevance, I noticed that the enthusiasm in my voice faded away with each new conversation. “Is my Ph.D.killing my love of science ” I thought.
When I returned home, I resolved to dedicate more time to reading for pleasure, and my brother had recommended a science fiction book, which blew me away by the scientific technologies and plots crafted within a wildly imaginative storyline. It was like nothing I had ever read before.
I kept reading science fiction after I finished my Ph.D.But I still hadn’t gotten back to communicating science to the public until a colleague invited me to speak at a pop culture convention (大会), where I gave a talk about the science behind the classic Dune books by Frank Herbert.
When the day came to present, I felt anxious until I was behind the podium and saw the bright-eyed, eager attendees. After I finished, I was overwhelmed with questions and comments that spilled over beyond the given time. It suddenly occurred to me that this was my path back to science communication. I’m glad science fiction helped me professionally, fueling my ability to communicate the wonders of science to broader audiences.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。喜欢研究科学和传播科学的作者偶然接触到了科幻小说,顿感耳目一新,并在一次流行文化大会上分享科幻小说《沙丘》背后的科学故事,反响热烈,至此找到向公众传播科学的绝佳方式。
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1.What was the author’s initial problem (　　)
A.How to sustain interest in science consistently.
B.How to spread science to the public effectively.
C.How to apply science to the real world practically.
D.How to recall something about the research vividly.
B
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解析:推理判断题。根据第一段“Going into my Ph.D.program, I knew I loved to communicate science to the public ... But the few times I presented to broader audiences, I struggled to explain how my research might apply in the real world and why it matters.”以及第二段第一句“The problem came to a head 5 years into my Ph.D.when I took a trip to Maine.”可知,作者在读博士学位时就喜欢向公众传播科学,但是却不能有效地进行传播,而第二段通过具体事例表现作者难以跟普通大众交流科学,由此可知,作者最初的问题指的是如何有效地向公众传播科学,故选B项。
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2.Which word can best describe the recommended book by the author’s brother (　　)
A.Plain.　　　　　　　 B.Professional.
C.Complex. D.Novel.
D
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段“...and my brother had recommended a science fiction book, which blew me away by the scientific technologies and plots crafted within a wildly imaginative storyline. It was like nothing I had ever read before.”可知,作者的哥哥推荐的书非常新颖,故选D项。
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3.What is the turning point on the author’s path back to science communication (　　)
A.Preference for reading science fiction.
B.Attendees’ dissatisfaction and doubts.
C.A classic book written by Frank Herbert.
D.A speech on the science behind a book.
D
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解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But I still hadn’t gotten back to communicating science to the public until a colleague invited me to speak at a pop culture convention, where I gave a talk about the science behind the classic Dune books by Frank Herbert.”可知,作者在流行文化大会上所做的关于经典小说《沙丘》背后的科学的演讲是作者回归科学传播之路的转折点,故选D项。
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4.What is the text mainly about (　　)
A.The dilemma of most Ph.D. students.
B.The impact of a pop culture convention.
C.The joy of rediscovering science communication.
D.The significance of public engagement in science.
C
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解析:主旨大意题。由第一段可知,作者自读博士时就喜欢向公众传播科学;由第二段可知,作者发现自己很难有效地向公众传播科学;文章第三、四、五段集中讲述作者通过阅读哥哥推荐的科幻小说以及在一次流行文化大会上所做的关于经典小说《沙丘》背后的科学演讲,终于让作者找到了向公众传播科学的有效途径。纵观全文,文章主要围绕作者是如何重新找到传播科学之路这个话题展开的,所以C项“The joy of rediscovering science communication.(重新发现科学传播的乐趣)”符合题意,故选C项。
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Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
　　(2024·福建泉州一模)A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness. He 　1　 there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help. The touching 　2　 has left many saying their “faith” in humanity has been 　3　.
The madam shared her experience on social media, 　4　 that she was driving out when the man 　5　 her car, clearly trying to send a signal.
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“He shouted ‘you have a flat tyre’.　6　 him immediately, I drove to the nearby petrol station to pump up (打气) the tyre... but no, it was 　7　 flat,” the madam said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car and 　8　 her to the station. 　9　 she thought they were to fill up petrol but was 　10　 when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand.
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“They didn’t want my baby and me to end up in a(n) 　11　,” she said. “Asking me if I had a 　12　 wheel, Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son.”
Saying the family were a 　13　 to the community, she remarked, “Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s 　14　 as you never know what would come back to bite you but today I am deeply 　15　.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位女士在社交媒体上分享的经历:她的车胎瘪了,一位陌生男子及其儿子主动帮助她更换轮胎,让她深感人间仍有温暖。
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1.A.spotted B.revealed
C.concluded D.forgot
答案:A
解析:spot发现;reveal揭示;conclude得出结论;forget忘记。根据下文“there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help”可知,他发现了车子的问题。故选A。
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2.A.idea B.expression
C.act D.ceremony
答案:C
解析:idea想法;expression表达;act行为;ceremony仪式。根据上文“He 　1　 there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知,本空指那位男士帮助女士的具体行为。故选C。
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3.A.lost B.restored
C.exercised D.shaken
答案:B
解析:lose失去;restore恢复;exercise练习;shake动摇。根据上文“The touching 　2　has left many saying their ‘faith’ in humanity has been”可知,人们因为这一善举而感到对人性的信任得到了恢复。故选B。
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4.A.predicting B.complaining
C.denying D.explaining
答案:D
解析:predict预测;complain抱怨;deny否认;explain解释。根据上文“The madam shared her experience on social media”和下文“she was driving out when the man 　5　 her car, clearly trying to send a signal”可知,她在社交媒体上解释了事情发生的经过。故选D。
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5.A.checked out B.got into
C.pointed to D.looked after
答案:C
解析:check out结账离开;get into进入;point to指着;look after照顾。根据下文“her car, clearly trying to send a signal”可知,这里应该是那个男人指着她的车,发出信号告诉这位女士车子出了问题。故选C。
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6.A.Contacting B.Noticing
C.Thanking D.Recognizing
答案:C
解析:contact联系;notice注意;thank感谢;recognize认出。根据上文“He shouted ‘you have a flat tyre’.”可知,女士听到对方的提醒之后应当是表示感谢。故选C。
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7.A.slightly B.completely
C.accidentally D.hardly
答案:B
解析:slightly轻微地;completely完全地;accidentally意外地;hardly几乎不。根据上文“you have a flat tyre”“I drove to the nearby petrol station to pump up the tyre... but no”和下文“flat”可知,轮胎已经无法通过充气来解决问题,说明它是完全瘪了。故选B。
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8.A.followed B.walked
C.guided D.hurried
答案:A
解析:follow跟随;walk步行;guide引导;hurry急忙。根据下文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was 　10　 when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知,男士为了确保她的安全,跟随她去了加油站。故选A。
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9.A.Occasionally B.Fortunately
C.Eventually D.Initially
答案:D
解析:occasionally偶尔;fortunately幸运地;eventually最终;initially最初。根据下文“she thought they were to fill up petrol but was　10　when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知,最初她以为他们只是来加油的,后来才知道他们是来帮忙的。故选D。
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10.A.puzzled B.astonished
C.amused D.panicked
答案:B
解析:puzzled困惑的;astonished惊讶的;amused好笑的;panicked惊慌的。根据上文“she thought they were to fill up petrol”和下文“when they got out of the car to offer a helping hand”可知,最初她以为他们只是来加油的,当男士和他的儿子主动提出帮忙时,她感到非常惊讶。故选B。
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11.A.accident B.mess
C.conflict D.adventure
答案:A
解析:accident事故;mess混乱;conflict冲突;adventure冒险。根据上文“‘...it was 　7　 flat,’ the madam said.The man and his son noticed she had a baby in the car”可知,这里指的是父子俩不希望女士和孩子发生交通事故。故选A。
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12.A.flat B.fancy
C.spare D.unique
答案:C
解析:flat瘪的;fancy花哨的;spare备用的;unique独特的。根据下文“Ron got it out of my car and started to change the tyre with his son”可知,Ron问这位女士是否有备用轮胎,下文讲到他帮这位女士换上了轮胎。故选C。
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13.A.blessing B.relief
C.sadness D.joy
答案:A
解析:blessing祝福,幸事;relief解脱;sadness悲伤;joy喜悦。根据上文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness. He 　1　 there was a problem with her car and pulled over to help.”可知,这里指的是这个家庭的行为给社区带来了积极的影响,她认为这个家庭是社区的福气。故选A。
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14.A.belongings B.business
C.privacy D.steps
答案:B
解析:belongings财产;business事情;privacy隐私;step步骤。根据上文“Society today makes many of us not want to mind other people’s”可知,许多人不想管别人的事。故选B。
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15.A.anxious B.content
C.regretful D.grateful
答案:D
解析:anxious焦虑的;content满足的;regretful后悔的;grateful感激的。根据上文“A woman driving out of a car park has praised a stranger’s kindness”和“but today I am deeply”可知,这里指的是她对他们的帮助感到感激。故选D。