人教版（2019）高考英语一轮复习教材梳理选择性必修第四册UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION知识点课件（含答案）

(共58张PPT)
UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
主题语境　海洋探索
选择性必修第四册
Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长;提供;伸展,展开 vi.适用于,包括;延 续(时间)→ adj.广阔的;大量的;广泛的→_________ n.延伸;扩大;延期
extend...to...向……提供……;给予……
extend to延长到
extend by延长了
extend one’s heartfelt gratitude to由衷感谢
extensive
extension
①If you are in need of a deadline (extend), simply explain the situation to your professor.
②The plan will extend protection a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected.
③我要由衷地感谢您,没有您的帮助,我不可能取得这么大的进 步。(感谢信)
_______________________________________________.Without your help, I couldn’t have made such great progress.
extension
to
I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to you
2.mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠→ adj.仁慈的;慈悲的;宽容的→ adj.残忍的;无慈悲心的
(1)show mercy to对……怜悯/宽恕
have mercy on/upon对……怜悯/宽恕
at the mercy of...任由……摆布
(2)be merciful to...对……仁慈
merciful
merciless
merciful
they showed mercy to/had
mercy on/upon the poor
3.possession n.[usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制→ vt.拥有;具有;支配
(1)take possession of (表示动作)占有;拥有
be in possession of (表示状态)具有;拥有
be in the possession of被……拥有;归……所有
(2)be possessed of sth.具有(某种品质或特征)
possess
①Lucy told me that the necklace was one of her most treasured
__________(possess).
②我的朋友鲍勃持有这家公司的大部分股份,其余的由其他工人 持有。
My friend, Bob, most of the company’s shares, and the rest other workers.
possessions
possesses/is in possession of
are in the possession of
enjoying
what we possess/take possession of/are in possession of
you possess/are possessed of a good state
of mind will you achieve success

4.in hand在手头;可供使用
at hand近在手边;在附近
by hand手工,用手的
hand in hand手挽手;密切关联
on the one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示 不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)
give sb. a hand 帮助某人;施以援手
in hand
at hand
give me a hand
On the one hand
on the
other (hand)
hand in hand
5.There is a need to do sth.“有必要做某事”
[教材原句]　From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.从科学角度看,迫切需要研究北极,以了解气候变化及其影响。
常见的there be结构如下:
(1)there is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没必要做某事
there is no denying that...不可否认……
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
(2)there happen(s) to be...碰巧有……
there seem(s) to be...好像有……
①急需选择一种既健康又环保的旅游方式,那就是骑自行车。 (环 境保护)
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_______________.That is bicycle riding.
②掌握理论而不实践是没有意义的。
without practice.
There is an urgent need to choose a healthy and environment friendly
way of traveling
There is no point/sense (in) mastering theory
There’s no denying that only if we deal with and overcome large
numbers of difficulties
Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练
Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇
1. There is no need for you (apologize) for his fault.
2. The project is now hand, and we expect to complete it within the next two weeks.
3. Allan attended a campaign for Britain’s ____________(withdraw) from the EU.
to apologize
in
withdrawal
4. Twenty soldiers were sent to the mountain in search the trapped climber.
5. smartphones and computers grow increasingly popular, more students are choosing to learn English in various ways beyond the classroom.
6. Many people in earthquake hit area had their __________ (possess)
buried under the ruins.
of
As
possessions
7. the mercy of the strong wind, the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn’t stand up straight.
8. These works attracted much attention because of the (mix) of modern and traditional style.
9. All the workers in this factory have been negotiating the manager for more pay.
10. As long as you have a dream, keep trying and you’ll make .
At
mixture
with
it
there is an
urgent need to protect the ocean
which plays a vital role
3. 为保护海洋作出贡献,我们学生最好做以下事情。(不定式)
, we students had better do as follows.
4. 现在就采取行动我们才能建设一个更加和谐的世界,在未来过 上更好的生活。
Take action now and live a better life in the future.
5. 让我们携手并进,尽我们的一份力去保护我们的海洋。
and do our bit to protect our ocean.
To make a contribution to protecting the ocean
so that we can build a more harmonious world
Let’s go hand in hand
Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练
培优1　单元话题写作——深海勘探
　　根据提示,运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
　　Named after a mythical dragon, Jiaolong is China’s ①________
________________________________(第一艘载人深海研究潜水器).It was developed by Chinese designers starting from 2002 and entered service in 2010, ②________________________________
_____________________________________(使中国成为世界上第五个拥有深海勘探技术的国家;分词短语作结果状语).
manned deep-sea research submersible
first
making China the fifth country in the world with deep-sea exploration technology
Jiaolong conducted 30 dives to make scientific investigations and to collect samples, ③_________________________________(这引起了媒体的广泛报道;非限制性定语从句).
　　These operations have enabled scientists to better understand geographical and biological conditions deep under the oceans and develop (用本单元词汇替换黑体词:④_______)⑤______________
(海洋资源).
which attracted wide press coverage
exploit
marine resources
教材语料运用　【海上遇险】
　　伴随着凛冽的寒风和吞噬一切的浓雾,萨姆在一个寒冷的夜晚启航了。海浪摇晃着小船,它开始像游乐园里的游乐设施一样侧向转弯。他们完全任凭风暴摆布。船上挂着的昏暗的灯滑入愤怒的大海,把他们抛在一片无尽的黑暗中。
①_______________________
__________________________(with复合结构), Sam set sail on a freezing night.Waves rocked the small boat, which began to turn sideways ②____
______________________.They were completely ③__________________
_________.The dim lamps hanging on the boat slipped into the angry sea, throwing them in complete darkness.
With the chilly wind and the thick fog swallowing everything
an amusement park ride
like
at the mercy of the storm
培优2　提升续写能力
直到这时,恐惧才开始笼罩萨姆。然后,黑暗的大海以及闪烁着的几颗星辰见证了人与自然之间的生死斗争。幸运的是,惊涛骇浪的大海终于平静下来,第一缕曙光蹑手蹑脚地出现在地平线上。
Only then ④_____________________
_____ (倒装句).Then the dark sea along with a few twinkling stars ⑤_______________________________
________________________.Fortunately, ⑥___________________________
_______ and the first rays of morning tiptoed on the horizon.
did the fear begin to seize Sam
witnessed a death-and-life struggle between humans and nature
the stormy sea finally calmed
down
课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
　　(2024·湖北一模)The ocean feels boundless. If you were to start swimming from the shore, it’s easy to believe—fitness and oxygen aside—you could continue forever. That’s a far different experience to overland travel, where mountains, rivers, and highways jammed with traffic prevent easy passage. It’s equally easy to believe that fish and other highly mobile sea creatures experience the ocean in such a fashion. These animals, adapted over thousands of years to navigate the ocean, must easily bypass (绕过) any barrier around which they can theoretically swim. That assumption, though, is wrong.
It’s common for many oceanic species to stick to specific habitats and only seldom swim beyond them. That is especially true for many immature animals, which are small and easy to fall victim to predators. This, however, can cause unexpectedly big problems for oceanic species, especially when infrastructure gets in the way.
Take, for example, the green sawfish living near the mouth of the Ashburton River in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.In 2017, engineers working on a local oil and gas processing plant built a new loading facility consisting of a large piling jetty (码头) and a solid rock wall, which stretched 500 meters offshore. Later, scientists realized that the green sawfish were unable, or unwilling, to pass around the barrier. But that could prevent the animals from reaching valuable feeding grounds and other habitats.
This discovery leads to a surprising new idea: that sea animals, much like land species, need a helping hand getting around human infrastructures. In the case of the green sawfish, engineers could have created underpasses in the jetty through which the fish could swim.
As the climate continues to change, many sea species are moving farther north and they need suitable habitats to move through. Whether creating pass-throughs in artificial structures or plotting routes away from warming oceans, thoughtfully designing our infrastructures could go a long way toward protecting animals as we continue to engineer the ocean.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类海洋工程对海洋生物的影响及其解决方案。
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1.What is the misunderstanding mentioned in the first paragraph (　　)
A.Sea creatures adapt to the ocean slowly.
B.The ocean presents no barriers to sea life.
C.Humans are inherently skilled at sea navigation.
D.Sea travel guarantees easier passage than land travel.
B
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解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“These animals, adapted over thousands of years to navigate the ocean, must easily bypass any barrier around which they can theoretically swim. That assumption, though, is wrong.”可知,第一段提到的误解是海洋对海洋生物没有障碍。故选B项。
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2.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to (　　)
A.The impact of human-made structures.
B.The risk of being hunted by predators.
C.The behavior of mature oceanic animals.
D.The tendency to stay in familiar habitats.
D
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解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“It’s common for many oceanic species to stick to specific habitats and only seldom swim beyond them. That is especially true for many immature animals, which are small and easy to fall victim to predators.”可知,然而,这可能会给海洋物种带来意想不到的大问题。这里的“This”指代的是倾向于待在熟悉的栖息地。故选D项。
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3.Why are the green sawfish mentioned in the text (　　)
A.To illustrate a point.
B.To present a phenomenon.
C.To put forward a new argument.
D.To add some background information.
A
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解析:推理判断题。根据第三段“Take, for example, the green sawfish living near the mouth of the Ashburton River in the Pilbara region of Western Australia...But that could prevent the animals from reaching valuable feeding grounds and other habitats.”可知,文章中提到绿锯鳐是为了说明一个观点:即使是适应了海洋环境的海洋生物,也可能因为人类建造的基础设施而遇到障碍,因此,在设计人类基础设施时需要考虑海洋生物的需求。故选A项。
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4.What does the author suggest about engineering the ocean (　　)
A.Maximizing economic benefits.
B.Prioritizing human infrastructures.
C.Creating underpasses for surfers.
D.Accommodating oceanic species’ needs.
D
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解析:细节理解题。 根据文章最后一段中的“Whether creating pass-throughs in artificial structures or plotting routes away from warming oceans, thoughtfully designing our infrastructures could go a long way toward protecting animals as we continue to engineer the ocean.”可知,作者建议在进行海洋工程时,应该考虑到海洋物种的需求。故选D项。
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Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
　　(2024·重庆名校联盟联考)Going out for a walk with their sons is a simple task for most fathers. But for Martin Ralfe and his one-year-old boy Leo,it can be a real　1　.That’s because Martin is blind and Leo is also visually impaired (受损的),meaning they have to thoroughly　2　every trip they take outside of their home.The 29-year-old parent　3　to let his lack of sight stop him from　4　with his son and going exploring.
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The pair have shared their special bond on the Internet and gone viral after showing how they go out for the day.Martin says it was actually his wife who　5　him to take Leo out for walks.He　6　he initially had some worries about taking Leo out on his own but now he is　7　and spends most weekends exploring with his son.
　　He said,“Our favorite　8　to do together include going for walks and　9　the ducks.Currently,on our bucket list is to visit Disneyland but Leo is　10　interested in trains too,so we’d love to go to the National Railway Museum in York.”
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Martin’s Internet account has thousands of　11　and has a range of videos such as him walking Leo.He is using it to　12　other people with visual impairment.He said,“I love　13　these videos and I get so many amazing　14　.Many people praise me but I’m just a　15　dad getting on with life.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Martin Ralfe是一位盲人,儿子Leo也视力受损,但Martin却勇敢地独自带着孩子出去探索的故事。
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1.A.pleasure　　　　　　B.challenge
C.journey D.misfortune
答案:B
解析:根据上文的but表示转折关系和下文的“Martin is blind and Leo is also visually impaired”可知,Martin是一位盲人,儿子Leo也视力受损,因此对他们来说,外出散步确实是个挑战。故选B项。pleasure“高兴,快乐”;challenge“挑战”;journey“(尤指长途)旅行,行程”;misfortune“厄运,不幸”。
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2.A.take B.imagine
C.plan D.enjoy
答案:C
解析:根据上文的“Martin is blind and Leo is also visually impaired”和下文的“every trip they take outside of their home”可推知,父子俩每次外出旅行,都必须详尽地计划。故选C项。imagine“想象”。
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3.A.refuses B.attempts
C.fails D.decides
答案:A
解析:根据下文的“they go out for the day”和“spends most weekends exploring with his son”可知,Martin没有让失明阻止他和儿子一起出去玩和探索。故选A项。refuse“拒绝”;attempt“尝试”。
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4.A.running away B.settling down
C.falling down D.hanging out
答案:D
解析:参见上题解析。run away“突然离开;逃离”;settle down“(使)平静,(使)安定”;fall down“不实,不能令人满意,不够好”;hang out“闲逛,逗留”。
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5.A.allowed B.encouraged
C.taught D.required
答案:B
解析:根据语境和下文的“he initially had some worries about taking Leo out on his own”可知,Martin一开始对独自带Leo出去有些担心,因此此处应该表示他的妻子鼓励他带Leo出去散步。故选B项。allow“允许”;encourage“鼓励”;require“需要;依赖”。
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6.A.admitted B.argued
C.protested D.regretted
答案:A
解析:根据下文的“he initially had some worries...exploring with his son”可知,一开始Martin对独自带Leo出去有些担心,但现在大部分周末他都和儿子一起去探索。由此可知,他承认自己最初的担心。故选A项。admit“承认”;argue“争论,争吵”;protest“(公开)反对,抗议”;regret“惋惜,懊悔”。
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7.A.honest B.generous
C.confident D.ambitious
答案:C
解析:根据空前的but表示转折关系和下文的“spends most weekends exploring with his son”可知,此处应表示Martin现在对独自带Leo出去很自信。故选C项。honest“诚实的”;generous“慷慨的”;confident“自信的”;ambitious“有抱负的,有雄心的”。
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8.A.workouts B.games
C.experiments D.activities
答案:D
解析:根据下文的“include going for walks and　9　 the ducks”可知,此处表示他们最喜欢一起做的活动。故选D项。workout“锻炼”;experiment“实验,试验”;activity“活动”。
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9.A.catching B.saving
C.feeding D.raising
答案:C
解析:根据空后的“the ducks”和常识可知,父子俩会喂鸭子。故选C项。feed“喂养,饲养”;raise“举起,提起”。
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10.A.fortunately B.particularly
C.probably D.suddenly
答案:B
解析:根据下文的“so we’d love to go to the National Railway Museum in York”可推知,Leo对火车也特别感兴趣。故选B项。fortunately“幸亏”;particularly“特别,尤其”;probably“很可能,大概”;suddenly“突然,忽然”。
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11.A.followers B.competitors
C.teammates D.editors
答案:A
解析:根据上文的“The pair have shared their special bond on the Internet and gone viral after showing how they go out for the day.”可知,父子俩在网上分享他们的特殊纽带,展示他们是如何外出的,并在网络上走红。由此可知,Martin的互联网账户有数千名关注者。故选A项。follower“关注者”;competitor“竞争者”;teammate“队友”;editor“编辑”。
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12.A.honour B.appreciate
C.protect D.educate
答案:D
解析:根据上文描述的Martin克服视力障碍勇敢带Leo出去探索并结合语境和常识可知,Martin利用自己的互联网账户教导其他视力受损的人。故选D项。honour“尊敬,尊重(某人)”;appreciate“欣赏;感激”;protect“保护”;educate“教导,培养”。
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13.A.keeping B.playing
C.monitoring D.making
答案:D
解析:上文提到Martin的互联网账户里有很多视频,因此此处表示Martin喜欢制作视频。故选D项。monitor“监测,监视”。
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14.A.comments B.orders
C.suggestions D.memories
答案:A
解析:根据下文的“Many people praise me”可知,Martin得到了很多很棒的评论。故选A项。comment“评论”;order“指示,命令;订单”;suggestion“建议”;memory“记忆,回忆”。
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15.A.different B.normal
C.responsible D.lucky
答案:B
解析:根据上文的“Many people praise me”和该句中的but表示转折关系可知,Martin认为自己只是一个普通的父亲。故选B项。normal“正常的”;responsible“有责任的”。