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Unit 5 Play by the rules
话题 社会规则
功能 1.能听懂介绍规则的录音材料；能抓住文章的主题及关键信息 2.能读懂有关规则和建议的文章 3.能针对是否遵循某些规则进行辩论；能为班级制定新的规则
单 词 1. 敌人 n. enemy 2. 野餐 n. picnic 3. 地址 n. address 4. 护照 n. passport 5. 车站 n. station 6. 花盆 n. flowerpot 7. 腰带, 皮带 n. belt 8. 点击(鼠标) n. click 9. 小包, 小盒, 小袋 n. packet 10. 原因, 起因 n. cause 11. 干酪, 奶酪 n. cheese 12. 脏乱；凌乱 n. mess 13. 喉咙, 咽喉 n. throat 14. 责任 n. responsibility 15. 蠢人, 傻子, 笨蛋 n. fool 16. 乘客, 旅客 n. passenger 17. 标记；指示牌, 标牌 n. sign 18. 公民；市民, 城镇居民 n. citizen 19. 网络霸凌(欺凌) n. cyberbullying 20. 踢 v. kick 21. 避免 v. avoid 22. 表现 v. behave 23. 欺诈, 欺骗 v. cheat 24. 限制, 限定 v. limit 25. 信任, 信赖, 相信 v. trust 26. 减少；缩小；降低 v. reduce 27. 个人的, 私密的 adj. private 28. 紧急的, 急迫的 adj. urgent 29. 注意到的, 察觉到的 adj. aware 30. 基础的, 基本的, 根本的 adj. basic 31. 在……的对面 prep. opposite 32. 任何事物都(没有) pron. anything
词 汇 拓 展 1. 座, 座位 n. seat → 坐 v. sit 2. 法则, 法令 n. law → 律师 n. lawyer 3. 传播 v. spread → (过去式) spread → (过去分词) spread 4. 噪声; 嘈杂声 n. noise → 吵闹的; 嘈杂的 adj. noisy 5. 人；个人；人员 n. person → 个人的, 私人的 adj. personal 6. 诚实的；真诚的 adj. honest → 诚实, 正直；坦诚 n. honesty 7. 闻到; 嗅(气味) v. / 气味; 嗅觉; 臭味 n. smell → 有臭味的 adj. smelly 8. 关怀；在乎 v. / 照顾, 照料 n. care → 仔细的；精心的 adj. careful → 不小心的, 粗心的, 疏忽的 adj. careless
短 语 1. 在野餐 on a picnic 2. 照顾, 照料 look after 3. 惊讶地 in surprise 4. 转身 turn around 5. 总之 in conclusion 6. 对抗 stand up to 7. 说实话 tell the truth 8. 面对面 face to face 9. 为了 in order to / so as to 10. 系安全带 wear seat belts 11. 捡起碎片 pick up the pieces 12. 深呼吸 take a deep breath 13. 避免做某事 avoid doing sth. 14. 意识到；察觉到 be aware of 15. 与……取得联系 get in touch with… 16. 播放吵闹的音乐 play loud music 17. 几包(袋, 盒) several packets of 18. 向某人寻求帮助 turn to sb. for help 19. (尤指说话前为引人注意而)清清嗓子 clear your throat 20. 一方面……另一方面 for one thing…for another 21. 清理杂乱的东西/收拾残局 clean up the mess
句 型 1. 说实话并不总是容易的。 Telling the truth isn't always easy. 2. 然而，我发现我最爱的花盆被打破了。 However, I found my favourite flowerpot broken. 3. 规则的存在是为了我们去遵守！ And rules are there for us to follow! 4. 记住，网络上的不良行为是有代价的。 Remember that behaving badly online has costs. 5. 它们不仅仅在墙上，而且也在我们的脑海中和心里。 They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. 6. 突然间，我感到(我变得)勇敢起来。我深吸一口气，站了起来…… Suddenly, I felt brave. I took a deep breath and stood up… 7. 如果你发现你自己陷入麻烦，不要回复任何不良信息。 If you find yourself in hot water, don't answer any bad messages. 8. 我捂住耳朵，以阻隔来自“摇滚女孩”的噪声。 I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. 9. 我捂住鼻子，以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。 I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food. 10. 一个节目的介绍能帮助人们决定是否要收听。 A programme's introduction helps people decide whether to listen or not. 11. 想想20年前，与遥远的亲人面对面交谈还是一个梦想。 Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream. 12. 为了保护你的网络账户，使用一个“长且强”的密码是很重要的。 To protect your online accounts, it's important to use a "strong and long" password.
语法 动词不定式作目的状语
写作 遵守规则的重要性
知识点
考点1. opposite和start的用法
(1) opposite可作形容词、介词、名词或副词，表示位置、方向或观点等完全相反或相对。①opposite作形容词时意为“对面的；相反的”。
The bank is on the opposite side of the street.银行在街道对面。
②opposite作介词时意为“与······相对；在······的对面”，后面一般接名词。
The museum is opposite the school.博物馆在学校对面。
③opposite作名词时意为“对立的人（或物）；对立面”，固定搭配为the opposite of.
Love and hate are opposites.爱和恨是对立的。④opposite作副词时意为“在对面地”，修饰动词。例如：
They sat opposite and talked.他们面对面坐着聊天。
◆考点突破
1. My home is ______ the park, so I often walk there after dinner.
A. opposite to B. opposite C. opposites D. oppositely
答案：B
解析：此处需介词表示“在……对面”，opposite作介词时直接接名词，无需加to；A项多余to，C项是名词复数，D项是副词，均不符合语境。
2. The ______ of “fast” is “slow”, and students should remember these word pairs.
A. opposite B. opposite to C. oppositely D. opposing
答案：A
解析：固定搭配“the opposite of...”表示“……的对立面”，此处需名词形式；B项多介词to，C项是副词，D项是形容词“反对的”，均不符合语法结构。
3. She stood ______ me and smiled, making the conversation more comfortable.
A. opposite B. opposites C. opposite to D. oppositely
答案：A
解析：此处opposite作副词，意为“在对面”，直接修饰动词stood，无需加to；B项是名词复数，C项多介词，D项虽为副词，但侧重“相反地”（表态度/方向），此处表位置，A更贴切。
考点2 start的用法
start意为“开始”，常用start sth或start doing/ to do sth,在多数日常语境中，start doing/ to do sth,两者区别不大，可以互换使用。
She starts the housework at 8 pm.她晚上八点开始做家务。
◆考点突破
1. Tom ______ his homework as soon as he got home yesterday.
A. started to do B. started doing C. started do D. starts to do
答案：A
解析：由“yesterday”可知用过去时，排除D；start后不能接动词原形，排除C；此处“回家后开始写作业”是具体一次性动作，用start to do，故选A。
2. Our English class usually ______ a short dialogue, which helps us practice speaking.
A. starts with B. starts for C. starts to D. starts doing
答案：A
解析：句意“英语课以短对话开始”，start with 是固定搭配，表“以……开始”；start for 表“前往”，start to/doing后需接具体动作，均不符合语境，故选A。
考点 3 in surprise的用法
in surprise是一个固定短语，在句中通常作状语，用来修饰动词，强调某人因感到意外或吃惊而做出的反应。
【常见的搭配】
in surprise“惊奇地”; with surprise“带着惊讶”; to one's surprise“使某人吃惊的是”。
She looked at me in surprise when I told her the news.当我告诉她这个消息时，她惊讶地看着我。
She answers my phone with surprise.她带着惊讶的情绪接了我的电话。
To her surprise, the computer is unlocked.使她吃惊的是，电脑是开着的。◆考点突破
1. ______, the little boy solved the difficult math problem that even some adults couldn’t work out.
A. In surprise B. With surprise C. To his surprise D. Surprise
答案：C
解析：此处需表达“使某人吃惊的是”，引导整个句子的转折或意外结果，固定短语to one's surprise符合语境；A项“惊奇地”（修饰动作）、B项“带着惊讶”（表伴随）、D项“惊讶”（名词，无法单独作状语），均不符合句式要求。
2. When she heard the unexpected news, she stared at her friend ______ and couldn’t say a word.
A. to her surprise B. in surprise C. with surprise D. surprisingly
答案：B
解析：此处需修饰动词stared（盯着），强调“吃惊地”的状态，in surprise是固定短语，作状语修饰动词；A项后需接完整句子，C项侧重“带着惊讶的情绪”（如with surprise on her face），D项是副词“令人惊讶地”（修饰整个句子），均不符合语境。
3. The girl looked at the cute puppy ______ in her eyes, and decided to take it home.
A. in surprise B. to her surprise C. with surprise D. surprise
答案：C
解析：此处需表达“眼中带着惊讶”，with surprise表伴随状态，符合“眼神中蕴含情绪”的语境；A项修饰动作，B项引导句子，D项是名词，均无法体现“伴随”含义，故选C。
考点4 辨析noise, sound与voice
1、noise
①作可数名词时侧重表示“声音”，如：make a noise“发出声音”：
②作不可数名词时侧重表示“噪声；嘈杂声”，常指不悦耳的声音，如：noisepollution“噪声污染”：
③其形容词为noisy，意为“吵闹的”，可作表语和定语
2、sound
①作名词时意为“声音”，泛指自然界的各种声音，不带情感色彩；
②作连系动词时意为“听起来”，其后常接形容词
3、voice 作名词，意为“声音”，常指人的嗓音，如说话声，歌声等
◆考点突破
1. Don’t make so much ______ in the library. Everyone is trying to study quietly.
A. sound B. voice C. noise D. noisy
答案：C
解析：由“library”“quietly”可知，此处指“不悦耳的嘈杂声”，make so much noise是固定搭配，noise（不可数名词）符合语境；A项泛指“声音”，B项指“人的嗓音”，D项是形容词“吵闹的”，均不符合句意。
2. —How beautiful! Who is singing in the next room
—It must be Lucy. She has a very sweet ______.
A. noise B. sound C. voice D. sounds
答案：C
解析：由“singing”可知，此处特指“人的歌声”，voice符合“人的嗓音”的用法；A项指“噪声”，B项泛指“声音”，D项是sound的复数形式（此处需单数），均不符合语境。
3. The little baby’s cry ______ very sad, so his mother hurried to comfort him.
A. sounds B. hears C. voices D. noises
答案：A
解析：此处需连系动词表示“听起来”，sound作连系动词时后接形容词（sad），符合语法结构；B项“听到”（实义动词，需接宾语）、C项“嗓音”（名词）、D项“噪声”（名词），均无法作谓语，故选A。
考点 5 look after的用法
took after意为“照顾；照料”。当表示“照顾某人 某物”时，要用look after sb/ sth,同义词组为 take care of.
I want to look after/ take care of him. 我想照顾他。
【拓展】
与 look相关的短语：
look forward to”期待；盼望”; look like“看起来像”; look our“留神；注意”; look through“查阅；仰视”; look over“仔细检查”
◆考点突破
1. My grandma is ill, so I need to ______ her at home this weekend.
A. look for B. look after C. look like D. look forward to
答案：B
解析：由“ill”可知此处表“照顾”，look after 符合句意；A项“寻找”、C项“看起来像”、D项“期待”，均不符语境。
2. We are all ______ meeting our new English teacher next term.
A. looking forward to B. looking after C. looking over D. looking through
答案：A
解析：固定搭配 look forward to 表“期待”，后接动名词，符合“期待见新老师”的语境。
3. Please ______ your homework carefully before handing it in to avoid mistakes.
A. look through B. look over C. look out D. look after
答案：B
解析：look over 表“仔细检查”，契合“交作业前检查避免错误”的场景；A项“查阅”，不符句意。
考点6respect的用法
(1)这里的respect是动词，意为“尊重；尊敬”。常见的结构是respect sb/ sth,意为“尊重某人/某物”, respect也有“遵守；不损害”的意思，固定搭配; respect the law/ rule“遵守法律/规则”。例如：
We should respect our parents. 我们应该尊重父母。
We must respect the traffic laws when we drive our cars.当我们开车时我们必须遵守交通法规
(2) respect也可以作名词，意为“尊敬；敬意；尊重”，常见的固定搭配有：have show respect for sb/ sth”对某人/某物表示尊重“；win one's respect“赢得某人的尊重”; with all due respect“恕我直言”。例如：
Children should show respect for their elders，孩子们应对长辈表示尊重。
He wins their respect through hard work.他通过努力工作赢得了他们的尊重。
With all due respect, they can't agree with your decision.恕我直言，他们不能同意你的决定。
◆考点突破
1. We should ______ the opinions of others even if we don’t agree with them.
A. respect for B. show respect to C. respect D. have respect
答案：C
解析：此处需动词作谓语，respect作动词时直接接宾语（the opinions），无介词搭配；A项多for（名词用法需show/have respect for），B项to错误（应为for），C项缺少介词for，均不符合语法规则。
2. The kind doctor saved many lives and ______ from all the people in the village.
A. won their respect B. showed respect for them C. respected them D. with respect
答案：A
解析：由“救死扶伤”的语境可知，此处需表达“赢得尊重”，固定搭配win one's respect符合逻辑；B项“对他们表示尊重”（主动动作，与语境不符），C项“尊重他们”（语义颠倒），D项是介词短语（无法作谓语），均不符合要求。
3. ______, I don’t think this is the best way to solve the problem. We need to discuss it again.
A. Respecting you B. With all due respect C. Show respect for you D. Win your respect
答案：B
解析：此处需委婉表达反对意见，固定短语with all due respect（恕我直言）适配语境；A项是现在分词短语（无转折含义），C项是动词短语（需作谓语，不能单独开头），D项“赢得你的尊重”与句意无关，均不符合句式。
考点 7 avoid的用法
avoid意为“避免；防止”，强调主动采取措施防止某事发生或回避某人或某物，后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth意为“避免做某事”。例如：
He avoided answering the question by changing the topic.他通过转移话题避开回答这个问题。
【拓展】
可以接动名词作宾语的动词还有finish“完成”, enjoy“喜欢”, suggest“建议”, miss”错过”, keep“一直”等。
◆考点突破
1. You should ______ making the same mistake again, or you will fail the exam.
A. avoid B. avoid to C. finish D. suggest
答案：A
解析：句意“避免再犯同样的错误”，avoid后接动名词（doing），固定搭配avoid doing sth符合语法；B项多介词to（avoid无to do结构），C项“完成”、D项“建议”，均不符合语境。
2. She enjoys ______ music in her free time, and it helps her relax.
A. listen to B. listening to C. to listen to D. listen
答案：B
解析：enjoy后接动名词作宾语，固定搭配enjoy doing sth；listen to music是“听音乐”的固定表达，故选B；A、D项是动词原形，C项是to do形式，均不符合用法。
3. He missed ______ the early bus because he got up late, so he had to take a taxi.
A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught
答案：C
解析：miss后接动名词作宾语，固定搭配miss doing sth（错过做某事）；A项是动词原形，B项是to do形式，D项是过去式，均不符合语法结构，故选C。
考点8 be aware of的用法
Be aware of strangers.提防陌生人。aware是形容词，意为“意识到的，知道的”，常作表语，强调对事物或状态的认知。常见的结构：be aware of sth或“be aware+ that从句”，意为“意识到 ”。例如：
Drivers must be aware of traffic rules.司机必须知晓交通规则
She was aware that her decision might upset others.她意识到自己的决定可能会让他人不快。
◆考点突破
1. We must ______ the danger of swimming in the deep river. It’s very dangerous.
A. be aware of B. be aware that C. aware of D. aware that
答案：A
解析：此处需表达“意识到危险”，空格后是名词短语the danger，需用be aware of sth结构；B项后接从句（此处无从句），C、D项缺少be动词（aware是形容词，需与be动词连用），均不符合语法。
2. She ______ she was wrong, so she apologized to her friend immediately.
A. be aware that B. was aware that C. be aware of D. was aware of
答案：B
解析：空格后是完整从句“she was wrong”，需用be aware that从句结构；主语是she，时态为过去时，故用was aware that；A项be动词形式错误，C、D项后接名词/代词（不接从句），均不符合要求。
3. As a student, you should ______ your own strengths and weaknesses.
A. aware of B. be aware C. be aware of D. be aware that
答案：C
解析：此处需表达“意识到自己的优缺点”，空格后是名词短语your own strengths and weaknesses，需用be aware of sth结构；A项缺少be动词，B项缺少介词of，D项后接从句（此处无从句），均不符合语境。
考点9 辨析personal和private
1、personal 意为“个人的；私人的”，强调与个人本身相关、属于个人的特定事物。常见的词组：personal belongings“私人财产”, personal opinion“个人观点”。personal experience“亲身经历”
2、private 意为“个人的；私有的；私立的”，侧重于个人所有，不公开，常用来形容与个人隐私，私人事务相关的事物，强调信息的保密性。常见的词组：private life“私生活”, privateproperty“私 有 财 产”、privateconversation“私下谈话”
例如：This is a personal decision.这是个人决定。
The meeting is private.此次会议不公开。
◆考点突破
1. It's not polite to ask others about their ______ life, such as their family secrets.
A. personal B. private C. own D. individual
答案：B
解析：由“family secrets”（家庭秘密）可知，此处侧重“不公开的私生活”，private life是固定搭配，强调隐私性；A项“personal”侧重“个人的（与自身相关）”，如personal opinion（个人观点），C项“own”（自己的，需接名词所有格），D项“individual”（个体的，强调独特性），均不符合语境。
2. This is my ______ opinion on the project, and it may be different from others'.
A. private B. personal C. secret D. single
答案：B
解析：此处需表达“个人观点”，personal opinion是固定搭配，强调“属于个人的、主观的观点”；A项“private”侧重“私密的、不公开的”，如private conversation（私下谈话），C项“secret”（秘密的，需接具体事物），D项“single”（单一的，与“观点”搭配不当），均不符合用法。
3. The company has a ______ garden for its employees, and only they can enter it.
A. personal B. public C. private D. personal
答案：C
解析：由“only they can enter”（只有他们能进入）可知，此处侧重“私人所有、不对外开放”，private garden（私人花园）符合语境；A项“personal”侧重“与个人相关的”，如personal belongings（私人财产），B项“public”（公共的，与句意相反），D项重复且用法不当，均不符合要求。
语法知识：
动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作目的状语时，表示动作的目的或意图，相当于中文的“为了 ”。
(1)基本结构
主语+动词（+宾语）+ to do sth.例如：
He bought a map to find the way.他买了张地图是为了找路。
(2)基本用法
动词不定式作目的状语通常位于句首或句末，用来表示做某事的目的。放在句首时，不定式常用逗号与后面的内容隔开。不定式的否定形式为not to do sth.例如：
To save time, we took a taxi.= We took a taxi to save time.为了节省时间，我们乘坐出租车。
She closed the door not to let the cat in.她关上门是为了不让猫进来。
注意：为了使表达更加清楚或对目的加以强调，还可以用in order to do sth或so as to do sth（一般不用于句首）作目的状语，后面接动词原形。例如：
He exercises every day to stay healthy.= He exercises every day in order to sta healthy. = He exercises every day so as to stay healthy.
他每天锻炼是为了保持健康。
◆考点突破
一、单选题（10题，含答案解析）
1. She got up early ______ catch the first bus to the city.
A. in order to B. so as to C. in order that D. so that
答案：A
解析：此处需不定式作目的状语，“in order to do”可放句中或句首，符合语境；B项“so as to”不可用于句首，C、D项后接从句（此处是动词原形），均不符合语法。
2. ______ improve his English, he practices speaking with foreign teachers every week.
A. So as to B. In order to C. In order that D. So that
答案：B
解析：不定式作目的状语放句首时，只能用“in order to”，需用逗号隔开；A项不可用于句首，C、D项后接从句，均不符合句式要求。
3. They closed the window ______ the rain from coming in.
A. to prevent B. preventing C. prevent D. prevented
答案：A
解析：此处表“关窗的目的是阻止雨水进来”，用不定式“to prevent”作目的状语；B项是现在分词（表伴随），C、D项是动词原形/过去式（无法作目的状语），均不符合。
4. He studies hard ______ he can get good grades in the final exam.
A. in order to B. so as to C. so that D. to
答案：C
解析：空格后是完整从句“he can get good grades”，需用“so that”（后接从句）表目的；A、B、D项后接动词原形，均不符合从句结构。
5. My mother went to the supermarket ______ some vegetables and fruit.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought
答案：C
解析：此处表“去超市的目的是买东西”，用不定式“to buy”作目的状语；A项是动词原形，B项是现在分词（表伴随），D项是过去式（作谓语，与went重复），均不符合。
6. He turned off the TV ______ not to disturb his sister who was doing homework.
A. in order B. so as C. in order that D. so that
答案：B
解析：不定式的否定形式“not to do”，“so as not to”可放句中表目的；A项缺少“to”，C、D项后接从句，均不符合语法。
7. ______ save energy, we should turn off the lights when we leave the room.
A. To B. So as to C. In order that D. So that
答案：A
解析：简单不定式“to do”可放句首作目的状语，简洁明了；B项不可用于句首，C、D项后接从句，均不符合语境。
8. She took a notebook with her ______ she could write down important information.
A. to B. in order to C. so that D. so as to
答案：C
解析：空格后是完整从句“she could write down...”，需用“so that”引导目的状语从句；A、B、D项后接动词原形，均不符合从句结构。
9. The students are practicing hard ______ win the singing competition.
A. so as to B. in order that C. so that D. because
答案：A
解析：此处表“努力练习的目的是赢得比赛”，“so as to do”放句中作目的状语；B、C项后接从句，D项“因为”（表原因），均不符合。
10. He hid the gift ______ his sister wouldn’t find it before her birthday.
A. to B. in order to C. so that D. so as to
答案：C
解析：空格后是完整从句“his sister wouldn’t find it”，需用“so that”引导目的状语从句；A、B、D项后接动词原形，均不符合从句结构。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（5题，含答案）
1. He decided ______ (learn) French because he wanted to work in France.
答案：to learn
解析：不定式作目的状语，“decide to do sth”是固定搭配，表“决定做某事”，此处表“决定学法语的目的是去法国工作”。
2. ______ (finish) the task on time, we need to work together.
答案：To finish
解析：不定式放句首作目的状语，表“为了按时完成任务”，首字母大写。
3. She bought a new dictionary ______ (look up) new words.
答案：to look up
解析：不定式作目的状语，表“买字典的目的是查生词”。
4. They spoke in a low voice ______ (not disturb) the people around them.
答案：not to disturb
解析：不定式的否定形式“not to do”，表“小声说话的目的是不打扰周围的人”。
5. He exercises every morning ______ (keep) healthy.
答案：to keep
解析：不定式作目的状语，表“锻炼的目的是保持健康”，此处需用to +动词原形。
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